Treaty of Lambeth
The Treaty of Lambeth may refer to either of two agreements signed following conflict with King John and Philip Augustus of France which broke out in 1202.
Contents
Treaty of Lambeth (1212)
By 1212 John had lost his Angevin possessions. He made an agreement with Renaud of Dammartin, count of Bologne whose lands had also been seized by Philip II. Renaud brought other continental nobles, including Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, into a coalition against Philip. In return he was given several fiefs in England and an annuity. The treaty agreed on 4 May 1212 whereby each promised not to make a separate peace with France.[1]
Treaty of Lambeth (1217)
The second Treaty of Lambeth also known as the Treaty of Kingston, describes the peace treaty signed by Prince Louis of France in September 1217 ending the campaign known as the First Barons' War to uphold the claim by Louis to the throne of England. When the campaign had begun, baronial enemies of the unpopular John, King of England had flocked to the French banner, but after John's death in 1216, and his replacement by a regent, William Marshall, on behalf of the boy king Henry III, many had moved to the English side. Subsequent defeats at Lincoln in May 1217, at Dover and Sandwich in August 1217 forced Louis to negotiate.[2]
Information on the treaties is based on three early documents but none of these is known to have been based on an original manuscript.[3] It is known that negotiations were spread over several locations, opening on 6 September 1217 at Staines, because the royal court was nearby at Chertsey or possibly on 5 September on an island of the Thames near Kingston.[4][5] Various dates for treaties are given by the sources including:
- a treaty signed by Louis and Henry's regents on 11 September at the Archbishop of Canterbury's house at Lambeth,[6]
- a Treaty of Kingston on 12 September,[7]
- Papal ratification from the Papal legate, who was encamped near Kingston on the 13 September and who issued his terms on 22 September at Merton.
- a Treaty of Lambeth signed on 20 September ratifying the Kingston treaty.
Whatever documents were actually signed during September, Louis left England for the last time from Dover on 28 September. The principal provisions of the treaties were an amnesty for English rebels. It was also acknowledged that the French had failed to take possession of the entire Channel Islands and so possession of the individual islands was restored to the King of England.[8] Prince Louis undertook not to attack England again and agreed he had never been the legitimate king of England, in exchange for 10,000 marks. Scottish troops under Alexander II also withdrew.
There is no known surviving copy of the treaties.[9]
See also
- 12 September - Treaty of Kingston upon Thames ends the First Barons' War: French and Scots to leave England, amnesty granted to rebels.
- 20 September - Treaty of Lambeth signed ratifying the Kingston treaty.
References
- ↑ Lambeth, treaty of (4 May 1212). In Dictionary of British History. 1999
- ↑ "Kingston, treaty of" A Dictionary of British History. Ed. John Cannon. Oxford University Press, 2009
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- ↑ Powicke
Bibliography
- James H. Ramsay The Dawn of the Constitution: Or, the Reigns of Henry III and Edward I (A.D. 1216-137) Oxford University Press, 1908
- Maurice Powicke The Thirteenth Century, 1216-1307 (Oxford History of England)" Clarendon Press, 1962
- H. W. C. Davis England under the Normans and Angevins, 1066-1272 Methuen, 1905.
- The Oxford Companion to British History, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002.
