Ufa

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For other uses, see Ufa (disambiguation).
Ufa (English)
Уфа (Russian)
Өфө (Bashkir)
-  City[1]  -
ӨФӨ-2015-(v2).jpg
Views of Ufa
Map of Russia - Republic of Bashkortostan (2008-03).svg
Location of the Republic of Bashkortostan in Russia
Ufa is located in Bashkortostan
Ufa
Ufa
Location of Ufa in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Coat of arms of Ufa.svg
70px
Coat of Arms
Flag
City Day June 12[citation needed]
Administrative status (as of March 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Republic of Bashkortostan[1]
Administratively subordinated to city of republic significance of Ufa[1]
Capital of Republic of Bashkortostan[2]
Administrative center of city of republic significance of Ufa,[1] Ufimsky District[3]
Municipal status (as of February 2012)
Urban okrug Ufa Urban Okrug[4]
Administrative center of Ufa Urban Okrug,[4] Ufimsky Municipal District[4]
Head[5] Irek Yalalov[5]
Representative body City Council[6]
Statistics
Area 753.7 km2 (291.0 sq mi)[7]
Population (2010 Census) 1,062,319 inhabitants[8]
- Rank in 2010 11th
Density Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).[9]
Time zone YEKT (UTC+05:00)[10]
Founded 1574[11]
City status since 1586[citation needed]
Postal code(s)[12] 450000—450999
Dialing code(s) +7 347[citation needed]
Official website
Ufa on Wikimedia Commons

Ufa (Russian: Уфа́; IPA: [ʊˈfa]; Bashkir: Өфө, Öfö; IPA: [ʏ̞ˈfʏ̞], Audio file "Ba-Өфө.ogg" not found) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. Population: 1,105,667[13] (2015).

History

File:Atlas Cosmographicae (Mercator) 035.jpg
Gerardus Mercator's map of Europe with Pascherti (Bashkort) settlement presumably in the position of modern Ufa.[14] Map was compiled in 1554, twenty years before the official date of the foundation of Ufa.

Ancient History — 16th century

Early history of the surrounding area of Ufa out in Paleolithic times.[15]

Presumably in the 5th to the 16th centuries on the site of Ufa there was a medieval city.[16] On the map of Pizzigano brothers (1367)[17] and on the Catalan Atlas (1375)[18] approximately on the Belaya River was designated a town Pascherti (Bashkort),[19] On the Gerardus Mercator's map (1554) also marked the settlement with the Pascherti name. French orientalist Henri Cordier associates the position of Pascherti with the current location of Ufa.[14]

Ibn Khaldun among the largest cities of the Golden Horde called the town Bashkort.[20]

Russian historian of the XVIII century Peter Rychkov wrote that on the territory of Ufa before the arrival of the Russians there was a great city.[21]

The official of the Orenburg Governorate government Vasily Rebelensky wrote that Ufa was founded by the Bashkirs.[22]

16th — 18th centuries

Early color photograph of Ufa taken in 1910 by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky

By order of Ivan the Terrible on the site of modern Ufa was built fortress in 1574,[23] and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau.[24] After the outbreak of the Pugachev's Rebellion, it went through the most brutal events in its early history, as the fortress and the city were in the middle of the military actions. For several months during the winter of 1773–1774, Ufa was under siege by Cossack and Bashkir insurgents until they were fought off by the arrived government forces.[citation needed]

Before becoming the seat of a separate Ufa Governorate in 1781, the city, along with the rest of the Bashkir lands, was under the jurisdiction of the Orenburg governors. And even though the 1796 reform reunited Orenburg and Ufa again, in 1802 the city of Ufa became a new center of the entire Orenburg Governorate that included large territories of modern-day Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast, and Chelyabinsk Oblast. During the 1800-1810s, Scottish Russian architect William Heste developed a general city plan for Ufa as a regional capital shaping the modern outline of its historical center.[citation needed]

19th century — modern days

The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected the city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated development of the city's light industry. As a result, in 1913 the population of Ufa grew to 100,000.[citation needed]

During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, a number of industrial enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. The city also became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.[citation needed]

During 9—10 July 2015 Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.[25]

Administrative and municipal status

Ufa is the capital of the republic and, within the framework of the administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Ufimsky District,[3] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Ufa, an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Ufa is incorporated as Ufa Urban Okrug.[4]

Economy

File:National Bank in Ufa.jpg
National Bank of Bashkortostan

According to Forbes Ufa is the best city in Russia for business among cities with population over one million.[26]

Industry

Many urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, mechanical engineering reside in Ufa. Additionally, the economy of Ufa is composed of many fuel, energy and engineering complexes.

The value of goods, services, and manufacturing in Ufa totaled 185.0 billion rubles in 2009 ((DB regions of the Volga district))[citation needed]

Ufa is home to about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises.[27]

Some important enterprises in Ufa include:

Finance

Ufa is a donor of the republic's and federal budgets. About 62.8% of tax revenues accumulated on the territory of Ufa City municipal district of Bashkortostan Republic are directed to the federal budget and 29% to the republic's budget.[citation needed]

Transportation

File:Ufa Airport Osokin-1.jpg
Ufa International Airport. The inscription "ӨФӨ" is "Ufa" in the Bashkir language.

Ufa is linked by railways to the rest of Russia, having a railway station on a historic branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one federal highway. The M7 motorway links the city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia.

The Ufa International Airport has international flights to the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns, including Moscow.

The Ufa Metro is a planned and oft-delayed subway system, discussed since the late 1980s. On May 30, 1996, there was a ceremony marking the beginning of preparatory construction work, attended by then-President Boris Yeltsin.[29]

Public transportation in Ufa includes trams (since 1937) and trolleybuses (since 1962), as well as bus and marshrutka (routed cabs) lines.[citation needed]

Demographics

Monument to Salavat Yulaev. National hero is depicted on the coat of arms of Bashkortostan

Population

The population of Ufa exceeded one million in 1980.

Year Population
1886 27,000
1956 265,000
1970 770,905
1989 1,082,052
2002 1,042,437
2010 1,062,319
2015 1,105,667[13]

Ethnic structure

As of the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of the Capital of Republic of Bashkortostan was:

Ethnicity Percentage
Russians 48.9%
Tatars 28.3%
Bashkirs 17.1%
Ukrainian 1.2%

Other ethnicities include Armenians (2,822 people), Germans (2,213 people), Jews (2,082 people), and Azeris (2,075 people).[30]

Geography and climate

x200px
Ufa in the Autumn of 2008.

Ufa is situated in eastern Europe near its land boundary with Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya (Agidel) and Ufa Rivers, on low hills forming the Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Urals. The area of the city is 707,9 km². The length from North to South is 53.5 km, from West to East is 29.8 km (the widest part).[31]

Climate data for Ufa
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4)		 9.2
(48.6)		 16.2
(61.2)		 30.9
(87.6)		 36.2
(97.2)		 38.3
(100.9)		 38.6
(101.5)		 38.5
(101.3)		 33.4
(92.1)		 26.8
(80.2)		 15.4
(59.7)		 5.0
(41)		 38.6
(101.5)
Average high °C (°F) −8.2
(17.2)		 −6.8
(19.8)		 0.2
(32.4)		 10.9
(51.6)		 19.9
(67.8)		 24.6
(76.3)		 25.9
(78.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 17.2
(63)		 8.7
(47.7)		 −1
(30)		 −6.9
(19.6)		 9.0
(48.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.4
(9.7)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 5.2
(41.4)		 13.2
(55.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 19.7
(67.5)		 17.2
(63)		 11.3
(52.3)		 4.5
(40.1)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 −10.7
(12.7)		 3.8
(38.8)
Average low °C (°F) −17
(1)		 −17
(1)		 −10.4
(13.3)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 6.8
(44.2)		 11.8
(53.2)		 13.7
(56.7)		 11.6
(52.9)		 6.5
(43.7)		 1.1
(34)		 −7.5
(18.5)		 −15
(5)		 −1.3
(29.7)
Record low °C (°F) −48.5
(−55.3)		 −43.5
(−46.3)		 −34.4
(−29.9)		 −29.7
(−21.5)		 −9.7
(14.5)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 1.4
(34.5)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −6.8
(19.8)		 −25.6
(−14.1)		 −35.1
(−31.2)		 −45
(−49)		 −48.5
(−55.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48
(1.89)		 39
(1.54)		 32
(1.26)		 33
(1.3)		 46
(1.81)		 66
(2.6)		 55
(2.17)		 58
(2.28)		 51
(2.01)		 58
(2.28)		 52
(2.05)		 51
(2.01)		 589
(23.19)
Average rainy days 3 3 6 12 16 16 15 16 18 18 11 4 138
Average snowy days 25 21 16 6 1 0 0 0 1 8 20 24 122
Average relative humidity (%) 83 80 77 69 61 68 71 74 76 79 83 83 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 59 96 155 216 280 288 289 252 166 82 50 40 1,973
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[32]
Source #2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[33]

Government and administration

House of Republic or Bashkir White House
Local government

The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are:

  • Council, a representative body. Formed of 35 deputies for 4 years.
  • Chairman of the Board – the head of the urban okrug. Term of 4 years.
  • Urban Okrug Administration. The structure of the administration approved by the Council on the proposal of the Head of the Administration.
  • Head of the Administration manages the administration on the principles of unity of command. He is appointed under a contract entered into by the results of the competition. Term of office of the Head of the Administration limited to the period of office of the Council of the convocation.[34]

Sports

Akbuzat racecourse. Named after the winged horse in the mythology of Bashkirs, analogue of Pegasus

[citation needed]

Club Sport Founded Current League League
Rank		 Stadium
Salavat Yulaev Ufa Ice Hockey 1961 Kontinental Hockey League 1st Ufa Arena
Tolpar Ufa Ice Hockey 2009 Minor Hockey League Jr. 1st Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev
Agidel Ufa Ice Hockey 2010 Women's Ice Hockey Championship 1st Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev
FC Ufa Football 2010 Russian Premier League 1st Neftyanik Stadium
Ural Ufa Volleyball 1992 Volleyball Super League 1st Dynamo Sports Palace
Ufimochka-USPTU Volleyball 1970 Women's Volleyball Super League 1st Dynamo Sports Palace

Education and science

Bashkir State University, the main campus

Educational institutions include:

Graduate universities and Law Schools:

Scientific institutions include:

  • Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan[35]
  • Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (USC RAS)[36]

Cityscape

Belaya River View.
Belaya River View.

Religion

Lyalya Tyolpan Mosque and Cathedral of the Nativity of the Theotokos.

The main religious confessions in the city are Islam (Sunni) and Orthodox Christianity.[citation needed]

Notable people

Famous citizens of Ufa include:

File:Земфира в образе Ракеты (участника группы The Uchpochmack) на выступлении в ГКЦЗ "Россия" в Лужниках.jpg
Zemfira, famous singer in Russia

International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Ufa is twinned with:

Gallery

  • Заводоуправление Гутмана И.И. (вид слева).JPG

    Example of facadism in Ufa, XIX century building and a modern extension

  • "Seven girls" fountain, opened in 2015. The name was due to the Bashkir ancient epic

  • Aksakov garden, named in honor of the writer Sergey Aksakov

  • Здание, где находился штаб Чапаевской дивизии..JPG

    Museum of ethnology and archeology, construction completed in 1910

  • First cathedral mosque, built in 1830

  • Memorial of sorrowful mother, dedicated to soldiers from Bashkortostan, who died in local military conflicts

  • Bashkir State Opera and Ballet Theatre, built in 1938

  • Софьюшкина аллея (Уфа).jpg

    Sofyushkina alley

  • "Rodina" cinema theatre, built in 1953

  • Ufa Indoor Market.JPG

    Indoor Market constructed in 2000.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Resolution #391
  2. ↑ Official website of Ufa. Information about Ufa
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 80 252», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 80 252, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Law #162-z
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Official website of Ufa. Head of Ufa Urban Okrug Administration (Russian)
  6. ↑ Новости Совета городского округа город Уфа Республики Башкортостан
  7. ↑ Сайт "Горобзор"
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ History of Ufa
  12. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2015 года. // Проверено 6 августа 2015. Архивировано из первоисточника 6 августа 2015.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 «Mercator and Hondius (loth Ed., 1630) and N. Sanson (1650) show Jorman on the south of the Kama R., Pascherti in the position of Ufa, the present head-quarter of the Bashkirs, Sagatin ( = Fachatim of the text) at the head of the Ufa River, Marmorea on the Bielaya south of Ufa». — Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Chʻeng-wen Publishing Company, 1967. Henri Cordier
  15. ↑ Главархитектура г. Уфы — История г. Уфы
  16. ↑ Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. Уфа, 2001. С 70, 71, Он же. Mons Et Urbis: Уральские горы и город Уфа в европейской средневековой картографической традиции//Архив Башкортостана, № 1. 2007. С. 17-23.
  17. ↑ Рудаков В. Г. К вопросу о двух столицах в Золотой Орде и местоположении города Гюлистана // Научное наследие А. П. Смирнова и современные проблемы археологии Волго-Камья. Материалы научной конференции. Труды ГИМ. Вып. 122. — М., 2000. — Рис. 1.
  18. ↑ Там же; Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. — Уфа, 2001. — С. 71.
  19. ↑ Мажитов Н.А,, Султанова А. Н. Сунгатов Ф. А. Башкирские города по арабским источникам IX—X вв. // Вестник АН РБ. 2008. Т. 13, № 2. С. 44-—48; Мажитов Н. А., Сунгатов Ф. А., Иванов В. А., Сатаров Т. Р., Султанова А. Н., Иванова Е. В. Городище Уфа II. Материалы раскопок 2006 года. Т. 1. Уфа, 2007. 160 с: ил.
  20. ↑ Золотая Орда в источниках. T.I. Арабские и персидские сочинения. М., 2003. С 169.
  21. ↑ Рычков П. И. История Оренбургская (1730—1750 гг.). Оренбург, 1896. С. 68,69.
  22. ↑ «Краткое описание губернского города Уфы с начала его построения до сего 1806 года». // Что ж касается башкирцев, то видно из многих описаний, как сего народа, так и о жительстве их, кои от различных возмущений, как и междоусобных воин, так и соседних своих народов, строили маленькие укрепления и городки и наконец, соединясь во множестве, распространили свои жилища и укрепления, а для сей причины и город Уфа построен.
  23. ↑ [1] History of Ufa
  24. ↑ [2] Beyond Moscow -Ufa. Khristina Narizhnaya, The Moscow Times, Oct. 16 2011
  25. ↑ Ufa – 2015 SCO BRICS. Official site
  26. ↑ 30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2013 // Forbes.ru
  27. ↑ Ufa – capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  28. ↑ http://www.oaobtz.ru/
  29. ↑ Yeltsin lays cornerstone of first subway station, accessed June 6, 2013
  30. ↑ Ethnic composition of population of the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to the All-Russia population census of 2002). Statistical handbook. Bashkortostanstat. Ufa. p. 198
  31. ↑ Information about Bashkortostan and Ufa
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Charter of the Urban Okrug of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  35. ↑ [3]
  36. ↑ [4]
  37. ↑ Ufa Soviet Cafeterias and IKEA Furniture The St. Petersburg Times

Sources

  • Правительство Республики Башкортостан. Постановление №391 от 29 декабря 2006 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Республики Башкортостан», в ред. Постановления №61 от 26 февраля 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Республики Башкортостан». Опубликован: "Ведомости Государственного Собрания – Курултая, Президента и Правительства Республики Башкортостан", №5 (251), ст. 239, 12 марта 2007 г. (Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Resolution #391 of December 29, 2006 On Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Entities and Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Resolution #61 of February 26, 2013 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Entities and Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. ).
  • Государственное Собрание —Курултай Республики Башкортостан. Закон №162-з от 17 декабря 2004 г. «О границах, статусе и административных центрах муниципальных образований в Республике Башкортостан», в ред. Закона №572-з от 17 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Республики Башкортостан "О границах, статусе и административных центрах муниципальных образований в Республике Башкортостан"». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 33. Опубликован: "Республика Башкортостан", №52 (25785), 22 марта 2005 г. (State Assembly of Bashkortostan—El Kurultai. Law #162-z of December 17, 2004 On the Borders, Status, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations in the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Law #572-z of July 17, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan "On the Borders, Status, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations in the Republic of Bashkortostan". Effective as of the date established in accordance with the provisions of Article 33.).

External links

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