United States Ambassador to Romania

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Ambassador of the United States to Romania
Seal of the United States Department of State.svg
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
Hans G. Klemm
since September 21, 2015
Nominator Barack Obama
Inaugural holder Eugene Schuyler
as Diplomatic Agent/Consul General
Formation June 11, 1880
Website U.S. Embassy - Bucharest

A United States diplomatic representative to Romania has existed since 1880. The United States formally recognized Romania in 1878, following the Treaty of Berlin; diplomatic relations were opened in 1880, and American diplomats were sent to the country. Until the early 20th century, most ambassadors to Romania were also responsible for Greece, Serbia, and occasionally Bulgaria. No US Embassy was established in Romania for some time, ambassadors typically operated out of Athens until about 1905, at which point an embassy was established in Bucharest.

The main US embassy in Romania remains in Bucharest and is located at 4-6 Dr. Liviu Librescu Blvd. For several years during World War II, following the death of Ambassador Franklin Mott Gunther there was no American ambassador to Romania. The latter country became an Axis country, and declared war on the Allies (see Romania during World War II). Preceded by American representation in the Allied Commission after 1945, the diplomatic mission was reopened in 1947. In 1994, the US embassy was expanded, and a branch office was opened in Cluj-Napoca. The ambassador Mark H. Gitenstein finished his term in December 2012 and Duane C. Butcher, the Deputy Chief of Mission, has become Chargé d'affaires ad interim as of December 14.[1]

Ambassadors

U.S. diplomatic terms

Career FSO
After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.

Political appointee
A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends).

Appointed
The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as “commissioning”. It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional-recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate.

Presented credentials
The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador’s arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador’s letter, but this occurs only rarely.

Terminated mission
Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador’s commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.

Chargé d'affaires
The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. See chargé d'affaires.

Ad interim
Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime". See ad interim.
  • Eugene Schuyler
    • Title: Diplomatic Agent/Consul General[2]
    • Appointed: June 11, 1880
    • Presented credentials: December 14, 1880[3]
    • Terminated mission: Presented recall, September 7, 1884
  • Walker Fearn
    • Title: Minister Resident/Consul General
    • Appointed: April 18, 1885[4]
    • Presented credentials: October 20, 1885
    • Terminated mission: Relinquished charge at Athens October 24, 1899
  • A. Loudon Snowden
    • Title: Minister Resident/Consul General[5]
    • Appointed: July 1, 1889[6]
    • Presented credentials: November 25, 1889
    • Terminated mission: Left Sinaia, August 18–25, 1892
  • Truxtun Beale
    • Title: Minister Resident/Consul General[7]
    • Appointed: July 22, 1892
    • Presented credentials: Served at Athens, but did not present credentials in Romania under any of his commissions, all of which were to Romania, Serbia, and Greece.
    • Terminated mission: 1893
  • Eben Alexander
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary/Consul General
    • Appointed: April 7, 1893[8]
    • Presented credentials: June 15, 1894
    • Terminated mission: Relinquished charge at Athens, August 1, 1897
  • William Woodville Rockhill
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary/Consul General[9]
    • Appointed: July 8, 1897[8]
    • Presented credentials: May 18, 1898
    • Terminated mission: Left Athens, April 27, 1899
  • Arthur S. Hardy
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: April 18, 1899[10]
    • Presented credentials: July 14, 1900
    • Terminated mission: Presented recall March 13, 1901
  • Charles S. Francis
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: December 20, 1900[8]
    • Presented credentials: October 16, 1901
    • Terminated mission: Relinquished charge at Athens, December 24, 1902
  • Henry L. Wilson
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 13, 1902, Declined appointment.[11]
  • John Brinkerhoff Jackson
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 13, 1902[12]
    • Presented credentials: April 7, 1903
    • Terminated mission: Presented recall July 25, 1905
  • John W. Riddle
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: March 8, 1905[13]
    • Presented credentials: October 3, 1905
    • Terminated mission: Left post January 23, 1907
  • Horace G. Knowles
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: January 16, 1907[14]
    • Presented credentials: May 7, 1907
    • Terminated mission: Left post February 4, 1909
  • Huntington Wilson
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: December 17, 1908 Took oath of office, but did not proceed to post[15]
  • Spencer F. Eddy
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: January 11, 1909[16]
    • Presented credentials: July 9, 1909
    • Terminated mission: Left post September 29, 1909
  • John R. Carter
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: September 25, 1909[17]
    • Presented credentials: November 14, 1909
    • Terminated mission: Left post October 24, 1911.
  • John Brinkerhoff Jackson
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: August 12, 1911[18]
    • Presented credentials: December 24, 1911
    • Terminated mission: Presented recall October 28, 1913
  • Charles J. Vopicka – Political Appointee
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: September 11, 1913[18]
    • Presented credentials: November 27, 1913
    • Terminated mission: Left post July 10, 1920
  • Peter Augustus Jay – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: April 18, 1921
    • Presented credentials: June 30, 1921
    • Terminated mission: Left post May 9, 1925
  • William S. Culbertson – Political Appointee
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: April 28, 1925[19]
    • Presented credentials: December 12, 1925
    • Terminated mission: Left post April 15, 1928
  • Charles S. Wilson – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: June 23, 1928[20]
    • Presented credentials: October 13, 1928
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 2, 1933
  • Alvin Mansfield Owlsey – Political Appointee
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: June 13, 1933
    • Presented credentials: September 15, 1933
    • Terminated mission: Left post June 16, 1935
  • Leland Harrison – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: May 15, 1935
    • Presented credentials: July 24, 1935
    • Terminated mission: Left post September 3, 1937
  • Franklin Mott Gunther – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: July 31, 1937
    • Presented credentials: October 23, 1937
    • Terminated mission: Romania declared war on U.S., December 12, 1941, Gunther died at Bucharest, December 22, 1941.
  • Rudolf E. Schoenfeld – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: July 28, 1947
    • Presented credentials: September 25, 1947
    • Terminated mission: Presented new credentials on March 11, 1948, when Romania became a republic; left post May 24, 1950.
  • James W. Gantenbein – Career FSO
    • Title: Chargé d'Affaires ad interim
    • Presented credentials: September 1950
    • Terminated mission: November 1952
  • Harold Shantz – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: September 27, 1952[21]
    • Presented credentials: November 20, 1952
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 30, 1955
  • Robert H. Thayer – Political Appointee
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: August 17, 1955[22]
    • Presented credentials: November 10, 1955
    • Terminated mission: Left post December 12, 1957
  • Clifton R. Wharton – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: February 5, 1958
    • Presented credentials: March 7, 1958
    • Terminated mission: Left post October 21, 1960
  • William A. Crawford – Career FSO
    • Title: Envoy Extraordinary/Minister Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 28, 1961[23]
    • Presented credentials: December 24, 1964
    • Terminated mission: Left post October 10, 1965
  • Richard H. Davis – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: September 24, 1965[24]
    • Presented credentials: December 16, 1965
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 6, 1969
  • Leonard C. Meeker – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: July 22, 1969[24]
    • Presented credentials: September 16, 1969
    • Terminated mission: Left post May 10, 1973
  • Harry G. Barnes, Jr. – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: December 19, 1973[24]
    • Presented credentials: March 14, 1974
    • Terminated mission: Left post November 10, 1977
  • O. Rudolph Aggrey – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 21, 1977[24]
    • Presented credentials: November 22, 1977
    • Terminated mission: Left post July 11, 1981
  • David B. Funderburk – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 2, 1981[24]
    • Presented credentials: October 13, 1981
    • Terminated mission: Left post May 13, 1985
  • Roger Kirk – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 15, 1985[24]
    • Presented credentials: November 29, 1985
    • Terminated mission: Left post July 5, 1989
  • Alan Green, Jr. – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: October 10, 1989[24]
    • Presented credentials: December 7, 1989
    • Terminated mission: Left post January 11, 1992
  • John R. Davis, Jr. – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: December 2, 1991
    • Presented credentials: March 11, 1992
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 9, 1994
  • Alfred H. Moses – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: September 29, 1994
    • Presented credentials: December 14, 1994
    • Terminated mission: Left post August 11, 1997
  • James Carew Rosapepe – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 10, 1997
    • Presented credentials: February 4, 1998
    • Terminated mission: Left post March 1, 2001
  • Michael E. Guest – Career FSO
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: August 3, 2001
    • Presented credentials: September 24, 2001
    • Terminated mission: July 8, 2004
  • Jack Dyer Crouch II – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: May 25, 2004
    • Presented credentials: July 16, 2004
    • Terminated mission: February 28, 2005
  • Nicholas F. Taubman – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: November 29, 2005
    • Presented credentials: December 5, 2005
    • Terminated mission: Left post December 3, 2008
  • Mark Gitenstein – Political Appointee
    • Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
    • Appointed: July 29, 2009
    • Presented credentials: September 2, 2009
    • Terminated mission: December 13, 2012
  • Duane C. Butcher – Career FSO
    • Title: Chargé d'affaires ad interim
    • Appointed: December 14, 2012
    • Presented credentials: December 14, 2012
    • Terminated mission: July 2014
  • Dean Thompson – Career FSO
    • Title: Chargé d'affaires ad interim
    • Appointed: July 2014 [25]
    • Presented credentials: July 2014
    • Terminated mission: September 2015

Notes

  1. ↑ U.S. Embassy in Bucharest: Ambassador
  2. ↑ Later promoted to Chargé d'Affaires/Consul General, eventually as Minister Resident/Consul General at which point he was also accredited to Greece and Serbia and transferred residence to Athens.
  3. ↑ Credentials delivered in a private audience, December 14, 1880; not formally received although the Romanian Foreign Ministry had indicated on August 13, 1880 a willingness to enter provisionally into relations with the U.S. Legation.
  4. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on January 13, 1886. Also accredited to Greece and Serbia; resident at Athens.
  5. ↑ Promoted to Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
  6. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on December 19, 1889. Also accredited to Greece and Serbia; resident at Athens.
  7. ↑ Promoted to Minister Resident/Consul General and later Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary/Consul General
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Also accredited to Greece and Serbia; resident at Athens.
  9. ↑ Later recommissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
  10. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on December 14, 1899. Also accredited to Greece and Serbia; resident at Athens.
  11. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate, also accredited to Greece and Serbia
  12. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on December 8, 1902. Also accredited to Greece and Serbia; resident at Athens. Later recommissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Greece, Romania, and Serbia and Diplomatic Agent to Bulgaria; resident at Athens. Recommissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on November 16, 1903.
  13. ↑ Commissioned to Romania and Serbia; resident at Bucharest
  14. ↑ Commissioned to Romania and Serbia; resident at Bucharest. Later Recommissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Romania and Serbia and Diplomatic Agent in Bulgaria during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on December 12, 1907.
  15. ↑ Commissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Romania and Serbia and Diplomatic Agent in Bulgaria
  16. ↑ Commissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Romania and Serbia and Diplomatic Agent in Bulgaria; resident at Bucharest.
  17. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Romania and Serbia and Diplomatic Agent in Bulgaria; resident at Bucharest; recommissioned on December 13, 1909, after confirmation. Later recommissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Romania, Serbia, and Bulgaria
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Commissioned as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Romania, Serbia, and Bulgaria; resident at Bucharest.
  19. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on December 17, 1925.
  20. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on January 23, 1929.
  21. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on June 4, 1953.
  22. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on January 25, 1956.
  23. ↑ Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on January 30, 1962. Later promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on January 18, 1965. John P. Shaw was serving as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim when the Legation in Bucharest was raised to Embassy status on June 1, 1964.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 Commissioned to the Socialist Republic of Romania.
  25. ↑ Chargé d'affaires a.i.

See also

References

External links

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