Wicket gate
A wicket gate, or simply a wicket, is a pedestrian door or gate, particularly one built into a larger door or into a wall or fence.
Contents
Use in fortifications
Wickets are typically small, narrow doors either alongside or within a larger castle or city gate. The latter were often double gates, large and heavy, designed to allow the passage of wagons, coaches and horsemen. The purpose of wickets was to avoid the risk of having to open the main gates to the castle or city for just one or two individuals on foot. Because the wicket was only one person wide, it only allowed entry one at a time and enabled the guards to better control access. In the Middle Ages the narrow doors in the city walls also enabled late arrivals to gain entry after the main gates had been closed.[1]
If the small entrance in the door of a large gate has a high threshold, it may be called a manway. If it is a separate, narrow entrance next to the main gate, it may be called a pedestrian entrance. This type of double entrance is rather uncommon, however, and was only worth having at large sites where there was a lot of coming and going.[2][3] It is found, for example, at the Alsatian castle of Hohlandsbourg, the Hochburg in Emmendingen, the Electoral Cologne castle of Friedestrom and at Schaunberg Castle in Austria. The narrow side entrance could be protected by its own drawbridge and sometimes even opened into a gate passage separated from the main one as, for example, at Hohenwang Castle.[4][5]
The wickets in main gates that were easily visible should not be confused with the small, hidden sally ports in the walls of castles and fortifications. These small openings were used in times of siege to escape to carry out military raids.[6]
In water turbines
A wicket gate is a component of water turbines to control the flow of water that enters the turbine. A series of small openings of the wicket gates surround the turbine. When the wicket gates are opened wider, more water will flow into the turbine runner which results in higher speeds of the turbine rotation. The control of wicket gate opening and closing will allow the output energy generated by the turbines to be controlled to match the desired output energy levels.[7]
Other uses
A wicket gate is also used for a stand-alone gate that provides convenient secondary access, for example to the rear of a walled park or garden. The cricket term "wicket" comes from this usage.[citation needed]
"The Wicket Gate" is an important feature in John Bunyan's 17th century novel The Pilgrim's Progress. As the first stage of the journey of Christian to the Celestial City, it is the entrance to the King's Highway. Bunyan's idea being to illustrate Jesus' dictum, 'Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat: Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it' - Matthew 7:13-14 KJV.
See also
Literature
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Burgen des deutschen Mittelalters. Grundrisslexikon. Flechsig, Würzburg, 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1, p. 24.
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Burgen und Wohntürme des deutschen Mittelalters. Thorbecke, Stuttgart, 2002, ISBN 3-7995-0104-5, p. 28.
- Otto Piper: Burgenkunde. Reprint of the 3rd edition of 1912. Weltbild, Augsburg 1994, ISBN 3-89350-554-7, p. 300.
References
- ↑ Heinrich August Pierer (Hrsg.): Universal-Lexikon, oder vollständiges encyclopädisches Wörterbuch. Band 20. Literatur-Comptoir, Altenburg, 1835, pp. 5–6 (online).
- ↑ F.-W. Krahe: Burgen des deutschen Mittelalters. Grundrisslexikon, p. 24.
- ↑ F.-W. Krahe: Burgen und Wohntürme des deutschen Mittelalters, p. 28.
- ↑ Walter Hotz: Kleine Kunstgeschichte der deutschen Burg. 5th edn. Komet, Frechen, 1991, ISBN 3-89836-220-5, S. 48.
- ↑ O. Piper: Burgenkunde, p. 300.
- ↑ Horst Wolfgang Böhme, Reinhard Friedrich, Barbara Schock-Werner: Wörterbuch der Burgen, Schlösser und Festungen. Reclam, Stuttgart, 2004, ISBN 3-15-010547-1, p. 70.
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