Biomass Energy: Dr.A.M.Surendra Kumar

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BIOMASS ENERGY

CHAPTER 7

BY DR.A.M.SURENDRA KUMAR

DR.A.M.SURENDRA KUMAR

10/30/2012

BIO MASS & BIO ENERGY


All organic materials such as plants, trees and crops are potential sources of energy and are collectively called BIOMASS.

AVAILABILITY OF BIO-MASS:The total terrestrial crop alone is about 2 x1012 metric tonnes, which includes 1. Sugar crops - Sugar cane & Sweet sorghum 2. Herbaceous crops - non woody plans 3. Silviculture(forestry) plants - cultured hybrid polar, eucalyptus, sycamore Terrestrial crop --- energy --- 3 x1022 jouls At present only 1% of world mass is used for energy conversion.

Animal & Human waste are indirect terrestrial crop methyl

combustion

-- Ethylene

Cow dung - daily produce 13.5 kg/ cattle -- 0.46 m3 of Bio gas in a

Gobar Gas Plant.


Sufficient to produce 1KWh of electricity in a bio gas engine. Waste of 200 persons - produce 5m3 of gas/ day to extract 12 KWh

energy.

BIO MASS CONVERSION


CAN UTILIZED DIRECTLY AS FUEL

CAN BE CONVERTED INTO LIQUID/GASEOUS FUELS

COVERSION TECHNOLOGY FOR GETTING DIFFERENT

PRODUCTS FROM BIO MASS ARE


1. DIRECT COMBUSTION- WOOD WASTE & BAGGAGE

2. THERMO CHEMICAL CONVERSION


3. BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION

1.COMBUSTION OF BIO MASS :


VAROIUS TECHNIQUE AVAILABLE. DEPEND UPON

PROPERTIES CHEMICAL ANALYSIS VOLATILE CONTENT CALORIFIC VALUE PARTICLE SIZE ASH CHARACTERISTICS

MAIN IS FLUIDED BED COMBUSTION

2. THERMO CHEMICAL CONVERSION; TWO FORMS - GASIFICATION & LIQUEFICATION

GASIFICATION BY HATING WITH LIMITED OXYGEN AT HIGH

PRESSURE &TEMPERATURE. 3. BIO CHEMICAL CONVERSION: A) ANAEROBIC DIGESTION -- MICRO ORGANISM CAN LIVE AND GROW WITHOUT AIR GETS OXYGEN BY DECOMPOSITON OF MATTER CONTAINING IT. INVOLVES MICROBIAL DIGESTION OF BIO MASS USED ON ANIMAL MANURE(COWDUNG)- TAKES PLACE AT LOW TEMPERATURE B) FERMENTATION : BREAKDOWN OF COMPLEX MOLECULES IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FERMENT YEAST, ENZYMES EXAMPLE : CONVERSION OF GRAINS & SUGAR CROPS INTO ETHANOL MIXED WITH GASOLINE -TO PRODUCE GASHOL(90% GASOLIN + 105ETHONOL)

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