Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 93 views

    CH 32 Slides

    Uploaded by

    api-197124028
    Animals are the consumers of the Earth very diverse group share major characteristics heterotrophs multicellular no cell walls movement diverse in form and habitat most reproduce sexually haploid gamete characteristic pattern of embryonic development cells of all animals are organized into tissues and organs distinct and well-defined tissues Eumetazoa have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animal's body.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CH 32 Slides

    Uploaded by

    api-197124028
    93 views15 pages
    Animals are the consumers of the Earth very diverse group share major characteristics heterotrophs multicellular no cell walls movement diverse in form and habitat most reproduce sexually haploid gamete characteristic pattern of embryonic development cells of all animals are organized into tissues and organs distinct and well-defined tissues Eumetazoa have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animal's body.

    Original Title

    ch32slides

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Animals are the consumers of the Earth very diverse group share major characteristics heterotrophs multicellular no cell walls movement diverse in form and habitat most reproduce sexually haploid gamete characteristic pattern of embryonic development cells of all animals are organized into tissues and organs distinct and well-defined tissues Eumetazoa have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animal's body.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    93 views15 pages

    CH 32 Slides

    Uploaded by

    api-197124028
    Animals are the consumers of the Earth very diverse group share major characteristics heterotrophs multicellular no cell walls movement diverse in form and habitat most reproduce sexually haploid gamete characteristic pattern of embryonic development cells of all animals are organized into tissues and organs distinct and well-defined tissues Eumetazoa have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animal's body.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    Overview of Animal Diversity Chapter 32

    Bonus Topics: multinucleate vs colonial flagellate hypothesis Cambrian explosion

    General Features of Animals (see Table 32.1)


    Animals are the consumers of the Earth
    very diverse group share major characteristics

    heterotrophs multicellular no cell walls movement diverse in form and habitat

    most reproduce sexually


    haploid gamete

    characteristic pattern of embryonic development cells of all animals (except ?) are organized into tissues

    Evolution of the Animal Body Plan


    Five key transitions 1. Tissues 2. Symmetry 3. Body cavity 4. Development 5. Segmentation

    Evolution of tissues
    Parazoa (sponges = the simplest animals) lack defined tissues and organs have ability to disaggregate and aggregate cells Eumetazoa (all other animals) distinct and well-defined tissues irreversible differentiation for most cell types

    Evolution of symmetry
    Parazoa lack any definite symmetry Eumetazoa have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animals body

    Two main types of symmetry: radial symmetry bilateral symmetry


    main advantages 1. cephalization 2. greater mobility

    Evolution of a body cavity


    Fig 32.2

    Eumetazoa produce three germ layers:


    ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

    body cavity (coelom) = space surrounded by mesoderm tissue that is formed during development 3 basic kinds of body plans for bilaterally symmetrical animals: acoelomates pseudocoelomates coelomates
    body cavity made possible the development of advanced organs systems

    Evolution of different patterns of development


    basic Bilaterian pattern of development:
    mitotic cell divisions of the egg form a hollow ball of cells, called the blastula blastula indents to form a 2-layer-thick ball blastopore archenteron

    Bilaterians can be divided into two groups: Protostomes Deuterostomes


    Deuterostomes evolved from protostomes more than 500 MYA

    Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in three fundamental embryological features:


    1. cleavage pattern of embryonic cells 2. developmental fate of cells 3. origination of coelom

    Evolution of segmentation
    provides two advantages:
    1. allows redundant organ systems in adults, such as occurs in the annelids 2. allows for more efficient and flexible movement because each segment can move independently

    Segmentation appeared several times in the evolution of animals

    10

    Traditional classification of animals


    multicellular animals, or metazoans, are traditionally divided into ~36 distinct phyla based on shared anatomy and embryology metazoans divided into two main branches: Parazoa = lack symmetry and tissues Eumetazoa = have symmetry and tissues diploblastic = two germ layers triploblastic = three germ layers

    A new look at metazoans


    traditional animal phylogeny is being reevaluated using molecular data

    11

    Scientists generally agree about the taxonomic classification of 36 animal phyla disagree about how these are interrelated mostly in construction of the protostome lineage

    12

    Molecular systematics uses unique sequences within certain genes to identify clusters of related groups Molecular data
    confirms animals are a monophyletic group (remember that term? see CH23) confirms cnidarians branched off before bilateral symmetry evolved separates annelids and arthropods into separate clades; segmentation evolved convergently whereas ecdysis did not
    13

    Protostomes: two major clades


    Spiralia include two main groups Lophotrochozoa: most coelomate phyla Platyzoa: most acoelomate phyla Ecdysozoa include Arthropoda (largest # of described species) Nematoda (roundworms): pseudocoelomates Chordata Echinodermata

    Deuterostomes

    14

    15

    You might also like