Mark Scheme (Results) January 2010

GCE

GCE Chemistry (6CH02/01)

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General Marking Guidance

All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted. Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Using the Mark Scheme

The mark scheme gives examiners: an idea of the types of response expected how individual marks are to be awarded the total mark for each question examples of responses that should NOT receive credit. / means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit. ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected answer. Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential to the answer. ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question. Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context. Quality of Written Communication Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate. Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

6CH02/01
Section A Question Number 1 Question Number 2 Question Number 3 Question Number 4 Question Number 5 Question Number 6 Question Number 7 Question Number 8 Question Number 9(a) Question Number 9(b) Question Number 10(a) Question Number 10(b) Correct Answer C Correct Answer A Correct Answer D Correct Answer D Correct Answer A Correct Answer B Correct Answer C Correct Answer B Correct Answer A Correct Answer C Correct Answer A Correct Answer D Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Reject Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1

Question Number 11 Question Number 12 Question Number 13(a) Question Number 13(b) Question Number 13(c) Question Number 14 Question Number 15 (a) Question Number 15 (b)

Correct Answer A Correct Answer C Correct Answer D Correct Answer B Correct Answer C Correct Answer B Correct Answer B Correct Answer C

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Section B Question Number 16(a)(i) Acceptable Answers 2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2 Correct formulae (1) Balancing (1) ALLOW multiples or equation divided by 2 Second mark on correct species only Ignore state symbols even if incorrect ALLOW N2O4 Extra oxygen molecules on both sides in a balanced equation Acceptable Answers Stand alone marks Mg2+ / Magnesium ion smaller or fewer electron shells / greater charge density (1) OR Magnesium ion has same charge (as calcium ion) but is smaller (1) Causes more polarisation /distortion of nitrate / anion (electron clouds) / NO (bond)(1) OR MgO produced has stronger lattice (1) OR production of MgO is more exothermic (1) OR reverse argument based on Ca2+ Question Number 16(b) Acceptable Answers 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 ALLOW multiples or equation divided by 2 Ignore state symbols even if incorrect ALLOW Extra oxygen molecules on both sides in a balanced equation Acceptable Answers No as. double bond would be shorter (than single bond) / shorter than dative (covalent) bond. ALLOW Structure has double and single bonds (between N and O) Double and single bonds have different lengths Reject Implication that the single covalent and dative covalent bonds have different lengths Reject Mark 1 Reject Magnesium / calcium / atoms / molecules Reject Mark 2

Question Number 16(a)(ii)

Mark 2

Question Number 16(c)

Mark 1

Question Number 16(d)(i)

Acceptable Answers Mark independently Goes darker (brown) (1) ALLOW Goes browner Ignore comments on mixture first becoming paler if volume increases Equilibrium moves in the endothermic direction (1) OR Equilibrium moves left as forward reaction is exothermic (1) For second mark ALLOW Equilibrium moves left to counteract addition of heat / increase in temperature(1) OR Reaction removes added heat by moving left (1)

Reject Brown (gas evolved)

Mark 2

Question Number 16(d)(ii)

Acceptable Answers Equilibrium moves right (ALLOW forwards) (so NO2 concentration decreases) (1) OR Reaction reduces pressure (1) As fewer moles / molecules(ALLOW particles) (of gas) on RHS (1) Stand alone marks

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 16(e)

Acceptable Answers At T2 more molecules/collisions have energy greater than (or equal to) EA (1) This can be shown on the diagram by indicating areas to right of vertical line Energy must be at least EA for successful collision / for reaction (1) OR So more collisions have sufficient energy to react(1) Ignore references to the average energy and speed of the molecules

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 17(a)(i)

Acceptable Answers A hydrocarbon (solvent) / volasil / named hydrocarbon solvent / tetrachloromethane Formulae Acceptable Answers Red / brown /orange / amber / yellow Or any combination No TE on incorrect / no reagent Acceptable Answers Oxidation number of S in H2SO4 =(+)6 Oxidation number of S in SO2 =(+)4 (1) Oxidation number had decreased (1) ALLOW S has gained electrons for second mark Second mark stands alone provided oxidation numbers have decreased, even if calculated wrongly

Reject Ethanol Alkenes

Mark 1

Question Number 17(a)(ii)

Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 17(b)(i)

Reject

Mark 2

Just S has gained electrons without calculating oxidation numbers Reject Purple solid Mark 2

Question Number 17(b)(ii)

Acceptable Answers Black / (shiny) grey solid (1) Purple / violet / pink vapour / fumes (1) Smell of (bad) eggs (1) Yellow solid (1) ALLOW Brown liquid (1) Any two Acceptable Answers Oxidation number of S has reduced more / to 2 (in H2S) (1) OR Oxidation number of S is lower in H2S (than in SO2) If ON of S in H2S is calculated it must be correct Acceptable Answers People can choose whether to take extra fluoride ALLOW Fluoride is not released into the environment

Question Number 17(b)(iii)

Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 17(c)

Reject Fluoride can be monitored

Mark 1

Question Number 18(a)(i)

Acceptable Answers Effervescence / fizzing / bubbles (of colourless gas) (1) Mixture gets hot (1) White solid (ALLOW ppt) produced / sodium dissolves or disappears (1) Any two Ignore inferences unless incorrect Acceptable Answers C4H9ONa / C4H9ONa+ /structural or displayed formulae of any of the isomers: CH3CH2CH2CH2ONa (CH3)2CHCH2ONa (CH3)3CONa CH3CH(ONa)CH2CH3 Acceptable Answers

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 18(a)(ii)

Reject Structures showing a covalent bond between O and Na C4H9NaO / C4H9Na+O

Mark 1

Question Number 18(b)

Reject Missing hydrogen atoms Skeletal formula

Mark 2

H H H H C H C C O H
Do not penalise undisplayed CH3 or O-H (2-)methylpropan-2-ol(1) Marks are stand alone Question Number 18(c) Acceptable Answers (CH3)2CHCH2OH OR correct displayed formula OR semi-displayed formula ALLOW CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH ALLOW missing bracket round CH3 in this version Ignore names (1)

H H C H H

Reject Missing hydrogen atoms Skeletal formula

Mark 1

Question Number 18(d)(i)

Acceptable Answers CH3CH2 CH(OH)CH3 (1) OR correct displayed formula OR semi-displayed formula Do not penalise missing bracket round OH Ignore names

Reject Missing hydrogen atoms Skeletal formula

Mark 1

Question Number 18(d)(ii)

Acceptable Answers OH absorption / peak in 2-methylpropanoic acid / No OH absorption / peak in Q ALLOW CO absorption / peak in 2-methylpropanoic acid / No CO absorption / peak in Q Ignore references to broad or sharp peaks and to the fingerprint region

Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 18(e)

Acceptable Answers PCl5 / PCl3 / conc HCl / SOCl2 / mixture of NaCl + H2SO4 / mixture of KCl + H2SO4 Ignore reference to concentration of H2SO4 OR Names Correct Answer White precipitate/ white solid Acceptable Answers Water has 2 hydrogen bonds per molecule (on average) whereas ethanol only has 1 (1) ALLOW Water has more hydrogen bonds (per molecule) than ethanol Needs more energy to break H bonds in water (so less soluble) / H bonding (ALLOW intermolecular forces) stronger in water (1) Second mark dependent on first. Ignore references to London, dispersion and van der Waals forces

Reject Hydrogen chloride Conc hydrogen chloride HCl PCl5(aq), PCl3(aq), SOCl2(aq) Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 18(f)(i) Question Number 18(f)(ii) QWC

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 19(a) Question Number 19(b)(i) Question Number 19(b)(ii)

Acceptable Answers Starch (solution) Acceptable Answers I2 at start = 1 x 10-3 / 0.001 (mol) Acceptable Answers 1.26 x 10-3 (mol) thiosulfate (1) 6.3(0) x 10-4 / 0.00063 (mol) I2 (1) Correct answer with no working (2) Ignore SF except 1 SF Acceptable Answers I2 used = (1 x 10-3 - 6.30 x 10-4) = 3.70 x 10-4 (mol) (1) Mol SO2 = mol I2 = 3.70 x 10-4 / 0.00037 (mol) (1) Correct answer with no working (1) ALLOW TE from (i) and (ii) Ignore SF except 1 SF Acceptable Answers Mass SO2 in 100 m3 =(64.1 x 3.70 x 10-4 ) (1) Mass SO2 in 1 m3 = 64.1 x 3.70 x 10-4 /100 = 237(.2) x 10-6 g = 2.37 x 10-4g (1) (= 237.2 / 237 / 240 g) units required ( within limit) Allow TE from (iii) Ignore SF except 1 SF

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 1

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 19(b)(iii)

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 19(b)(iv)

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 19(c)(i)

Acceptable Answers Improved because titration may be repeated /averages could be taken ALLOW Smaller titration reading so greater (%) error

Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 19(c)(ii)

Acceptable Answers Larger titration reading (1) So smaller (%)error in titration reading (1) OR Smaller mass of sodium thiosulfate used to make solution (1) So greater %) error in the mass measurement (1) Second mark dependent on correct first or near miss Acceptable Answers Smaller titration reading as more I2 reacts/ less I2 left (1) So greater (%) error in titration reading (1) Second mark dependent on correct first or near miss) OR Smaller (%) error in measuring volume of air (1)

Reject

Mark 2

Question Number 19(c)(iii)

Reject

Mark 2

Section C Question Number 20(a) QWC Acceptable Answers (Strong) covalent bonds between atoms within the layers / good overlap of electron orbitals in layers (1) (Weak) London / dispersion / induced dipoleinduced dipole (ALLOW van der Waals) forces between layers (1) Acceptable Answers Within a layer, one electron per carbon is (ALLOW electrons are) delocalized (so electrons can move easily along layers) (1) Energy gap (ALLOW distance) between layers is too large for (easy) electron transfer (1) Acceptable Answers N has one more (outer shell) electron than C(1) Would increase number of (delocalised) electrons contributing to the London / dispersion (ALLOW van der Waals) forces (1) OR holding layers together (1) Acceptable Answers No heat energy required / low energy requirement / high temperatures not needed / sunlight (which is renewable) could be used Ignore generalisations such as greener, environmentally friendly smaller carbon footprint cheaper or fossil fuels not used. Question Number 20 (e) Acceptable Answers CO + 2H2 CH3OH OR Structural and displayed formulae ALLOW CH4O for CH3OH Reject Mark 1 Reject Mark 2 Intermolecular forces alone Reject Mark 2 Electrons between layers not delocalized Reject Mark 2

Question Number 20(b)

Question Number 20(c)

Just London / dispersion / van der Waals) forces stronger Reject Mark 1

Question Number 20(d)

Question Number 20 (f) QWC

Acceptable Answers Score 1 mark for each clearly made point 1. Need energy to make benzene / catalyst / hydrogen 2. High energy / temperature / pressure needed for the reaction (ALLOW stated T or P) 3. Fossil fuel (oil or coal) used as source of energy, benzene or hydrogen 4. Hydrogen has to be manufactured 5. Hydrogen has to be stored 6. Fossil fuels non-renewable 7. Reduces CO2 in atmosphere / recycles CO2 8. CO2, is a greenhouse gas / causes global warming 9. CO toxic 10. Benzene toxic / carcinogenic 11. 100% atom economy in making methanol 12. Beneficial if phenol useful / not beneficial if phenol a waste product Ignore generalisations such as greener, smaller carbon footprint or environmentally friendly.

Reject

Mark 6

References to the ozone layer

Question Number 20 (g)

Acceptable Answers Delivering drugs to cells ALLOW Delivering drugs to specific / targeted parts of the body Catalyst with big surface area

Reject Just drug delivery

Mark 1

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