Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2013

GCE Chemistry 6CH01/01R The Core Principles of Chemistry

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Summer 2013 Publications Code US035555 All the material in this publication is copyright Pearson Education Ltd 2013

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General Marking Guidance

All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted. Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response. Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows: i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate

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Using the Mark Scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be worthy of credit. The mark scheme gives examiners: an idea of the types of response expected how individual marks are to be awarded the total mark for each question examples of responses that should NOT receive credit. / means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit. ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected answer. Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential to the answer. ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question. Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context. Quality of Written Communication Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate. Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

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Section A Question Number 1 Question Number 2 Question Number 3 Question Number 4 Question Number 5 Question Number 6 Question Number 7 Question Number 8 Question Number 9 Question Number 10 Question Number 11 Question Number 12 Correct Answer C Correct Answer B Correct Answer B Correct Answer D Correct Answer D Correct Answer A Correct Answer D Correct Answer B Correct Answer C Correct Answer A Correct Answer D Correct Answer C Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1

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Question Number 13 Question Number 14 Question Number 15 Question Number 16 Question Number 17 Question Number 18 Question Number 19 Question Number 20

Correct Answer C Correct Answer B Correct Answer D Correct Answer C Correct Answer B Correct Answer A Correct Answer B Correct Answer D

Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Mark 1 Total for Section A = 20 Marks

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Section B Question Number 21 (a) Acceptable Answers Reject Mark 2 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

3d 4p ALLOW 4p 3d scores 1 out of 2 4p 5s scores 1 out of 2

(2)

4p 4d or 4d 4p gets 0

ALLOW use of capital letters e.g. 3D and/or 4P Question Number 21 (b)(i) Acceptable Answers A region / space / volume (around the nucleus / atom) where there is a high probability / chance / likelihood / of finding an electron ALLOW area / sub-shell as alternative for region OR A region where an electron is likely to be found Reject Just the path an electron takes orbiting around a nucleus Just Position of electrons in an atom Mark 1

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Question Number 21 (b)(ii)

Acceptable Answers

Reject For s-orbital do not allow ellipse for first mark pi bond d-orbitals shown below

Mark 2

s-orbital (1)

p-orbital (1)

Question Number 21 (c)

Acceptable Answers 11 / eleven ALLOW 2p63p5

Reject

Mark 1

1s22s22p63s23p5 Reject 1s22s22p63s23p6 Mark 1

Question Number 21 (d)

Acceptable Answers 18 / eighteen

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Question Number *21 (e)

Acceptable Answers Enthalpy / energy / heat / heat energy per mole required/needed OR Enthalpy / energy / heat / heat energy change per mole (1) to remove one / an electron from gaseous atom(s) (1) (1)

Reject Energy given out for first mark

Mark 3

Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms scores all three marks NOTE: The equation: X(g) X+(g) + e scores the last two marks NOTE: An incorrect equation given with a correct definition in words scores 2 out of 3 marks

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Question Number 21 (f)

Acceptable Answers
Ionization 456 691 954 1335 1661 2011 2549 2893 14136 15907 496 energy / 3 3 4 2 1 5 1 4 7 9 1 kJ mol Ionization 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th number

Mark 2

All five correct = 2 marks Four/three correct = 1 mark Two/one/none correct = 0 marks

Total for Question 21 = 12 marks .

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Question Number 22(a)(i)

Acceptable Answers The mark is for the idea of impact by high energy electrons Any ONE of: High-energy electrons Bombard with electrons Fast electrons (fired at sample) Accelerated electrons (fired at sample) (High-energy) electrons fired (at sample) (Sample) blasted with electrons Electron gun ALLOW beam of electrons IGNORE any comments about ionization of the sample whether correct or incorrect IGNORE descriptions of vaporisation

Reject

Mark 1

High-density electrons

Question Number 22(a)(ii)

Acceptable Answers Electric field / (negatively) charged plates ALLOW voltage plates electrostatic field electrical field pushed by positively (charged) plate/ anode

Reject Positively charged plates alone / electronic field / electric current / electricity / electrical charge / (electro) magnetic field / electric coil Reject Negative magnetic field/ negatively charged magnet

Mark 1

Question Number 22 (a)(iii)

Acceptable Answers Magnetic field /magnet / electromagnet /magnetic plates / electromagnetic field

Mark 1

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Question Number 22(b)

Acceptable Answers (194 x 32.8) + (195 x 30.6) + (196 x 25.4) + (198 x 11.2)) 100 (1) = 195.262 = 195.3 (1 d.p.) Method Answer must be to 1 d.p. (1) (1)

Reject

Mark 2

IGNORE g , g mol-1 or amu but other wrong units lose a mark Correct answer with no working ALLOW TE for second mark if 1 numerical slip in transferring data from the table and answer to 1 d.p Question Number 22(c) Acceptable Answers d(-block) ALLOW D(-block) IGNORE Transition element(s) / transition metal(s) Question Number 22(d)(i) Acceptable Answers (Na): (Na2O): Question Number *22 (d) (ii) Reject (1) (1) Reject Ions with reference to either form of sodium metal electrons Mark 3 Mark 2 Reject Mark 1 (2)

and and

Acceptable Answers Na: conducts when both solid and molten due to (delocalized)free / mobile electrons (1) Na2O: does not conduct when solid as no mobile ions / ions unable to move / ions in fixed position (1) Na2O: conducts when molten as has mobile ions (1)

electrons

Total for Question 22 = 11 marks

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Question Number 23(a)

Acceptable Answers CnH2n+2 IGNORE where n=1, 2, 3 etc or where n is greater than 1

Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 23(b)(i)

Acceptable Answers C10H22 + 10O2 10CO + 11H2O ALLOW 21 / 2 O2 ALLOW any correct multiples IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect

Reject 21 [O]

Mark 1

Question Number 23(b)(ii)

Acceptable Answers Any statement that makes it clear there is not enough air or oxygen e.g. Limited supply of air / limited supply of oxygen / not enough air / not enough oxygen / lack of oxygen / little amount of oxygen/ small amount of oxygen IGNORE it is not completely oxidized

Reject

Mark 1

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Question Number 23(c)

Acceptable Answers First mark Dative pair of e- between S and righthand O (1) Second mark Two bond pairs between S and lefthand O (1) Third mark Two lone pairs on left-hand O, one lone pair on central S and three lone pairs on right-hand O atom (1) If 2 double bonds between sulfur and each oxygen then the third mark can be given for two lone pairs on both oxygens and one lone pair on central S

Reject

Mark 3

X X X X X X

NOTE ALLOW dots and crosses that have been reversed Lone pair electrons can be shown as separated (rather than having to be paired up) it is the total number of electrons in each outer shell that matters Stand alone marks If molecule shown as charged then 2 max

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Question Number 23(d)(i)

Acceptable Answers

Reject
CH3 H H H H H C C C H C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H CH3 H H H H CH3

Mark 1

benzene ring Question Number 23(d)(ii) Acceptable Answers C7H16 C7H14 + H2 ALLOW C6H11CH3 IGNORE state symbols, even if incorrect Question Number 23(d) (iii) Acceptable Answers Any ONE of: (a cyclic alkane) has more efficient combustion High atom economy allows smoother burning increases octane number reduces knocking / less likely to produce pre-ignition is a more efficient fuel burns better / easier to burn /combusts more easily / improves combustion IGNORE (a cyclic alkane): increases the volatility of a fuel Produces useful products / hydrogen Used to make polymers Produces substances in higher demand / more valuable Reject Less pollution / reduce waste Mark 1 Reject Formulae other than molecular formulae Any other structural or displayed formulae Mark 1

ignites more easily is a better fuel burns more cleanly

IGNORE (a cyclic alkane) has a lower boiling point mentions of viscosity safer fuel

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Question Number 23(e)(i)

Acceptable Answers 2,2-dimethylpentane IGNORE missing hyphen/missing comma

Reject 2-dimethylpentane

Mark 1

Question Number 23(e)(ii)

Acceptable Answers

Reject

Mark 2

(1)

(1) IGNORE names even if incorrect IGNORE different length bonds IGNORE direction of methyl groups Question Number 23(f)(i) Acceptable Answers U.V. / U.V.light / light / sunlight ALLOW high temperature Question Number 23(f)(ii) Acceptable Answers Cl2 Cl + Cl / Cl2 2Cl IGNORE any curly arrows, even if incorrect IGNORE C4H10 given on both sides heat alone Reject Mark 1 Reject Mark 1

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Question Number 23(f)(iii)

Acceptable Answers Homolytic (fission) IGNORE any formulae and arrows

Reject Photolysis (fission) / free radical (fission) Reject Any reactions involving Hydrogen radicals scores zero Reverse of first reaction

Mark 1

Question Number 23(f)(iv)

Acceptable Answers (First propagation step) C4H10 + Cl C4H9 + HCl (Second propagation step) C4H9 + Cl2 C4H9Cl + Cl (1) (1)

Mark 2

Formulae can be displayed dots can be anywhere on free radical but no dots at all scores zero ALLOW in either order Incorrect alkane / halogenoalkane but two correct propagation steps scores 1 out of 2 Question Number 23(f)(v) Acceptable Answers Any ONE of: C4H9 + Cl C4H9Cl OR Cl + Cl Cl2 OR C4H9 + C4H9 C8H18 Total for Question 23 = 18 marks Reject Mark 1

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Question Number 24(a)

Acceptable Answers

Reject

Mark 4

(1) for each correct product ALLOW correct displayed / skeletal / semi-skeletal / structural / semi-structural formula in each case ALLOW any order of symbols after or before each carbon ALLOW brackets or no brackets around Br/ CH3 for example CH2BrCH3CBrCH3

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Question Number 24(b)

Acceptable Answers
H3C H3C C H C Br Br (1) for both arrows H3C H3C C Br H C Br H (:) Br H H3C H3C C H C Br H (1) for carbocation (1) for arrow

Reject

Mark 3

First mark Double-headed arrow from alkene must start from somewhere on C=C bond Partial charge on Br2 molecule must be correct if shown Second mark is for either correct primary or secondary carbocation and is a standalone mark Third mark Double-headed arrow from bromide ion can start from the minus sign, a lone pair on Br , or from the Br and can go to the C or the + sign on the intermediate The negative charge must be present on the bromide ion The final product, if shown, must be correct to gain third mark Mechanisms with other electrophiles (e.g. HBr, BrOH) can score 2nd and 3rd marks

Single-headed arrow

Bromine / bromide free radicals Single-headed arrow (Penalise again)

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Question Number 24(c)

Acceptable Answers First mark is for calculating the theoretical maximum mass of ethene from 9.2 g ethanol:(46 g C2H5OH gives 28 g C2H4 so 9.2 g C2H5OH gives maximum mass of) (1) 5.6 g C2H4 Second mark is for calculating the percentage yield from candidates theoretical maximum mass:(4.2/5.6 x 100% =) 75 (%) IGNORE s.f. except 1 s.f. OR First mark Amount of ethene = 4.2/28 = 0.15 (mol) and amount of ethanol = 9.2/46 = 0.20 (mol) (1) Second mark % yield = 0.15/0.20 = 75 % (1)

Reject (0) for 4.2 x 100% 9.2

Mark 2

NOTE Correct answer with no working scores (2) % yield TE on candidates theoretical mass / moles only if % yield 100% If molar masses are reversed, award one mark for 27.8% Total for Question 24 = 9 marks

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Question Number *25(a)

Acceptable Answers First mark The enthalpy change when one mole of water is produced (1) Second Mark as a result of the reaction between an acid and an alkali / a base (1) OR First Mark The enthalpy change when one mole of H+ / H3O+ / oxonium / hydronium / hydroxonium (ions) (1) Second Mark Reacts with one mole of / excess / (1) just enough OH ALLOW First mark The enthalpy change when one mole of acid is (just) neutralized (1) Second Mark By (excess) alkali / base ALLOW reverse argument i.e. base neutralising acid (1)

Reject Energy required for 1st mark

Mark 2

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Question Number 25(b)(i)

Acceptable Answers 5643 without working score 2 marks IGNORE any signs First mark Recognition that volume of solution / mass of solution is 100 (cm3 / g ) (1) Second mark T = 13.5 oC (energy released) = 100 x 4.18 x 13.5 = 5643 (J) (1) ALLOW 5.643 kJ IGNORE s.f. except 1 s.f. IGNORE mol1

Reject

Mark 2

5643 kJ

Question Number 25(b)(ii)

Acceptable Answers (Moles HCl = cHCl x VHCl / 1000=) 2.00 x 50.0 1000 = 0.1(00) (mol HCl) IGNORE s.f.

Reject

Mark 1

Question Number 25(b) (iii)

Acceptable Answers H+(aq) + OH(aq) / H2O(l)

Reject

Mark 1

NOTE: ALL State symbols AND ALL species are required for the mark ALLOW equations with the spectator ions crossed out

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Question Number 25(b) (iv)

Acceptable Answers 5.643 0.1(00) = 56.43 kJ mol1

Reject

Mark 3

First mark: Correct TE for calculations using answers to (b)(i) and (b)(ii) Second mark: Minus sign

(1) (1)

Final answer to 1 s.f.

Third mark: Final answer in units of kJ mol1 or kJ/mol

kJ/mol1 or just kJ

ALLOW correct answer in J mol-1 if just J units given (1) IGNORE case of k and J IGNORE s.f. EXCEPT 1 s.f. NOTE: Correct answer, with or without working, scores (3) Question Number 25(b)(v) Acceptable Answers The ionic equation is the same OR number of moles of H+ ions and OH is the same OR number of moles of H+ ions and water is the same OR number of moles of OH ions and water is the same ALLOW Both acid and base are strong and produce 1 mol of water Total for Question 25 = 10 marks Total for Section B = 60 Marks Total for Paper = 80 Marks Reject Mark 1

Just forms one mole of water(1)

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