' .

11Ma
1 nq ll
., W ..... VI "\ .. t"' ., ...
D1riii'MOnft17ftiYIII1JIIIh1fl.1nlt111U11 \LtJYI'n rl 171!11 .. : 'lfl1fiD :utt 'I&
,
.. .,.. .
nm111111rt r1
,
pale tale lr.ale
bale Dale gale
jail fail vale
aail hale had
mail Dail rail
wale Yale
" .. II I It It "' I . ; II .. 1 .. I t
'l!lll1!lnrl1..t11 111111 I 'YI11ri1L'Mft1\L,:II:nrtL'M11!l\Ln\L 'Mll L'l'tu-:IUfl'l!l 'M
......... ,,., .. ... v .. .,.,
SILIIIl..tl '11L LriL 'rl1\L \LL!l..t 'M1!l!ln\LIJ'M\L..tii1Jflllll1:n\LL'rl1\L \LL!l..t
IJ 11111 ., ' .. II ' ., ., .., ''
rl1'rl..t e C'l rl1 'rlDnfl1fltiH'I1..t1J\L 'rl1\L \L
'II "1111 ., ., If ., M \ II
'M1 LfiL 1J \LLI'IIJ..tTUJQI'I\L:'rl..t'Mllfl'lfl..11l11f1U..1nq1!1 L 'l'lflfl,:'M1r11 M111n'I\LL 1101":
...... " .. ,. ........
L1'tllri1L'11 'Ill '" lflfl..tu

pale pill pet
tale till
Jr. ale lr.ill
bale bill bet
Dde dill debt
gale
sill
get
chill Chet
jail Jill jet
fail fill
vale ville vet
ail sill aet
shale
hail hill het
mail mill met
uil Dill Del
Lil let
rail rill
wale will wet
Yale yet
LI 210
69
L;iJ Ju 1
' .. .. 1 ... ., .. ..a
LLt'ltL 1 WllfiL YIVUL ft!IJ flnlJLI'tV Jfl

1
., 1 .J 1 - .., ..,. " i II
tlnnn tifl1ll!IH YJmn11J1LLt'l1'111Jflti
-thin : sin : bin, : they : day Faye, : thigh : thy : my, zeal : se&l
..
peel LU\.ifl\.i
I 11-' 4111 1 "' ..I 'If I .-i ... "' .. t ..
LL flfliJIJHLII!J J \.illll'J 1!Hnql'JYI IIJU11nLJL Ql'lf\.i=fl'lllt'l!l L'll\.iLti!H
f Q I flvJ1"fl1oJ1 sing \-l;!l sip LLt'lt L;!JJ 111

' 1 I .. -.... 'll ...... ... AI ...
ll!I1J "fi111 rouge 'IIJL'Yi!Jllfllflnu rood 'Mfl room LlJ\.ifl\.i
"" .... "' al ... "" I ... .., aJ
f1 J\.i tiL 71Yill1: 111, Ui f1111111!11 t'l !JJYi!ltll'lf\.i: Ia c VI'II1!JLC'I!JJ !l'IIL lJ\.i
nl.l1" lJ11f11inll1}Jlfl1 t'lfl;vrJ\-1 t'll!J Lfl!JV!t'lvnn11fl L YiuuLa b 11lJ1LLft1

p&ie
ltl tale tat
I kl kale tack
I b I bale tab
I d I Dale Tadd
I g I gale tag
I chill hatch
I! I - JilJ edge
If I fail taff
/ v / vale have
18/ thin cloth
I a I this clothe
/s/ sail Tau
/ z / zeal has
Iii shale hash
II/ rouge
I hI hail
/I I Lil
/r/ rail
/m I mail
In I nail
I o I
/wl w.ale
/y/ Yale
till
, , hare
tam
tan
tang
. 'liD hi; 1 H'11 ll11'J1DJnql!l L a:nfloJ1 1 'IJIIIC
" t I .. .. i & t
V!Hl !l 'IJl'J: L'1'171:VmlL'nm;LftbJ f1 L'lf" tap, iat, tack, tab, tadd, tag

"I ._. ..1 tl- . _. . .t i .... - v t: ... I' "' I I
L uur1" >IJmw 'lll.fl!lnLIIbJ,:L \-I'll fl11 tap nu tab 'II" fl!l nLti!JJf1Hn"LLf111
fl\.i i J 1 "1111'J1 i fi!J (contrast) 1::'1111J 1 pI rl1J/ b I .
70 LI 210
" , ....... 1111 ........... .
Yllllllf": UDDnliiD-4 Ull fi1YI411!14DDnliii-4L'MJ.ID11n11J 4
.. .. . .., l .. .. ... .. .. . ., t
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...... ., .... , .. ..t"
Llalfl'll tl1LIIU4WDIIIf11:1:nfiLU11ll14 L'll111: Uflfl4M1D11JDDnliiiJ4 tl1il:'fl'lll
a1'M1nL 11 fl 1tlv:LiULlft"1 \u1i'1 h

"l oj I ..
'1'11DL11 ,LU'IlfliJH!l11 UJ
DoHh nflllJ 1!111"", !loH ;'llnLn";" l111l11111n..1nqv LLtinhluLn";"'"
rmnl'nu 1t11 pek 1nuuriu peak, tile
atyle Llft: kiD L noun'iJ skiD ft1'1'1iUf'l'14 \ 11

I _. olll I ----
f'l111 peak, tile Lift: kiD LU'I4Lft!l41'14fl 1'11\l speak, style Lll'l: skiD 111\&
.. 4A ... I I IIIII b "" h W
[p ] nu [p] '1'11!1 [t ] OU [I] '1'11!1
tkhi n'iJ tkl iim,mit11n11'1'11
I Ill ., .. I ., .... .. tJ l .... w . '\ "'
'M111ULIIUfl ..lYIOC111&11Uft10fiD '.4f'I1YIIJ ftnVIl&lftYI lflt!Dlflllfl

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L YIOU Ll'la CllL'l'l'llf'IL YID11LftD4 fl Oil II ft41 111111 ftfl '1411 L 1J11f'l11ft:'1'1141DL ftiJ 4 II 1

" l ,.. I .. t .. ... ., .. - IJ
'M1Ufl1peakLlCIZ speak 111 L'l'lll:f'll'I'II'I-.IIJ 1 L011lJ1 Q:'U'I4
IS ... W1 h .. 1 .... "'l" "
L [ p] LLCI: [ p l Dln:LU11 '1'111 'lt!LftiJ..lLfiU'l011 flL W11ZIJ11
..... ... .....
<phoDetic similarity) flU LlfiLIJfl'I'I,ULIL lfl

.. ... .. .,.. h ..... ., ..
[pl /s/ LLII: [p l LnfllalflLU11WOIIJt11:
.. .. ' h 'II , .. ., """ t .. l ... ... ... ...
fi11LUI:LIIII..l tpl un: tp l LIJlJ'l11YIUtl11niJ 11anvanm1 " '"Lt1'1'1nnm.,
t1 v..l 1 .,
nn 11fJillJUH ftnfttl (complemeDtary distributioD) fl '1'11Jfl11
.. . I:J " ... ., .. I b IIIII I ,.
011 Ual'lhfiY111YILftD11 [p] LLCI: [p l L!J\IaiJ1,0'11!1..1'1'1111!JLI'lfJ,'I Jp/
.. ... ... ... h I .. .. .. T
fl1801111110fltl [p] Lift: {p l fi!J'n11lfl,'l
, .. - "l ... , ., h .., h .. .
lfiD1011L110fll'WI'l111 fl'll [tl O'lJ [I l Uft: [kJ O'lJ [k l LU11'1'1'14111

IIIII .. ., .,
LIIU..l!fliJ1011L'I'IJJ!l'l4 0'14
LI 210
'
71
.. II \ .... I I ... -- ... l ..... I 111111
fi1UI \lfl\11!14111!1 1'U 'A \I ll11J'II !l'lfl 111WII1tJI 'l'llJLfllJ fl11

flfl Ill .. ... . I A Ill 111111" ., I
LlJ\It \lfl'!l!l II ltnll1nn11'1'1'11 LL A:IJA m; tll:'r'l
flft1!Jflft ufin-l 1 l '14n"n WCIIltl'nLL nri\ILt'l1
1 \lL n
Lfto.l t
11
J th J
... .. ... II ll ... .. ... I .. l .. .
'nLnfl'!l\l'n.11'1 \ltml!f nn uu 1lfi11J1'1 n 1!1 tll: nn m: 1111 LL tJlJ
.. .... llll ....... _ I ( ..,_.!, al )
\lnnn!lnfi11J unon <1. LLn:fl!l
.. 'l ..1 I . ., I .-1 .. " ., I
\1 IJO'I \I'H'n\1 11f \1Lftll.lfl\ll:'l:tl1 :Ul'n ti'l\11 nL 1 ,:
. .
"'' W 11: - I 1111 olllll ". I .. .., ..
11.11'11111 (I] OlJ [o] \11!l [n] ntJ [IJ] LtJ\1
Ltrieti,, l1nn11J .
A ft ... 1 .- ... , .. I "" I fA I ...
IIUI11a.,.U\I flll!l1fl!lfiL'n!llJII'I!JJ fl11 /&/ OlJ /DI L1J\Ifi\IL'I:\I\11!JLI'IIIJ Lll'l:

"' ..................... ..
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' .a ........ , ............. ...
t!Hm.1ni\J\In11!110'YIU\11fii'YIO\JLI'ID4 rtrtJLt\ln111'nlltJLI'I!I-4 [I] ntJ [I]

Ill .. I "4, . J' ... Ill . 1 .t 1 ..... ,..
I nn11LtJ\Iflll "tllJflll 1!1 pair) 'J.ollJfl11li\IIJ1!11111J\Iflfi1'YIIJ
Ill .I .. ... .. " I v ...... Ill ..... ..1 1111 I " 1
LIID.1'YIL 11fi!JJn11 1:UJ1!11.JL ri!JtJ n\lfiH 0\1 LLI'I::!J lln"\1 JLI'I !1 JfiH 0\IL t\1
... .. oil"' _ I " 'J ... t t
treaeu're : preuure, Cprebr] LfiLLn )'1\1.111
... ... .. .. .. . - ll ..
: /p/ [J] : [I} 1'11\111JLI'IDJ /1/ : /p/ \ll'f1)J11Cl'l'lU\111LtJ\I

' .. 1 1 "' ... , 1 ... II .,. I .. I
fill LLI'I: \IO'UIUIL110tl!l11 /1/ :

... ... .. .. .. 1 "'' ... ... I .. ... ... IS .. "'
Ll'lll.!fi1!JtlJLLIJ1:flflJ 'Ufl L YI!JUfll'l.111 L \lfii'I1110UIJ1n
. . .
.. , ,_ I .. .. .. t .. "
tl.!U&": LlJIMIJ!I\10\i'YIJ'I'IlJflnfl\1 I'll/ t Lflfl111
\ .
72
LI210
I
...
unns
lith1D'1:::,fltJ
1
....... I -' l / ....
Henry A. G Ieason 1Jll flflLlJ'\.1
... ., .................. ., df
1'11li'IH WI'W 1 Lnl:VI"\.11 Ln1:VIfl LLC11LOflL1J"\.I '\.1 '\.l!ln'l10'\.l'\.l
..., I .., _. I 1 "' ... I .. llf
Gleason 111'11lJ11 tl,:
I<
.

o I I< l
IJJ. "\.IU1n
'"
oJ oJ I
.:.

I I<
.t..
., II ..lk
tl. fl111JLfl1D fl11 fl "\.1 fi"Yll:l"\.1
... A 'I I 41111
ri. an,; tll:"l'lLtiJ; L "\.lflfiLLCl
I 0 .. .. t , .I ( ) ( ) ... o
LLflfi!J N L 1 "j 1111;1"111 t'tO ,'lfCIOJ;ni:Yl e LLCI: 111 L1J"\.1111fl'IJ
1
Kenneth L. Pikeia nn

. ""' .. ...
'nL 11LLDOII1 :flflm 10W!J tjj'll'\.1 :"II \.4 111J L ll n11 LL!J Ofl \.4
Q I .J .. ... .... "
. Lll flliLlJ 1.4LI'I v" "11111'\.1 \JI"II,n:flfl l.J1n
1r1. Li !Jfl; m tim lflfi1LL lni"
,j l ,1 I I< I
VI "\.I" '\.llJ10 LLA:fl1Jfl11flfl Vl'\.lfltl"\.1 fi!J Hl'l:fl1n
Henry A. Gleason, Jr. A11 l11troductio11 to Descriptive Li11guistics Revised
Edition, (Now York. i96i), p. 253.
Ia Kenneth L. Pike. Pho11e1ics (Ann Arbor. pp. 6679.
LI 210 73
..
11'1!1.1 /y/ LLt'l: /w/
.., &.- .., ... '4 ....
'1-11\1\l 1fl11
.. ..
Lfl_, lfl,
I 'Yiljj I 'Yil.'l
.. I
LLfln LLfln LLn: LLn




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flfl
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ll.'lfl: lt'lfl
w
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n11 n111J n11J
!1, !J.J tl\l tl\l

fll.'l
lfllL !IIJ 1!11.1
.. I
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. 'Mt'lfl\l l'lfl, Clfl,
II II

.. .
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..
. ..
Lnnfln Lnt'lfl lflf)fl Lfl!l
t'
-

!11: 111 ,1n ,1
74 LI210
'
1n91"1oo wi'Hu'lu 1 1mn:M17tllfl'1 1'Mu 111: l ..
.
CUtlflfJl
,-,
ouH l'l4th

I<
'Ml!l
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, .. ,
..
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II II ..
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L U\4 LIJ6:
IL-61
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fa/

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,
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11-:1
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I
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LI 210 75
1-i:J . ";fl [uaJ
..
N'll
...
I'll
I .: .. :.,1 "i'a /uua/ ariH\14ri1 nct'l tJ'liJ i111
.. t 1 II ., ..... t .. II II I ...
n11rJllnUUJUf11 \UI1!t1 'n!J141411n l!llll:mt 1flQI 14 n1-7fl!lnUtU1414 !1\ n1J
I II
e.

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,:L "14 fl'l1nlli1LnN,.l'l1nll'nnll1'l ')111,)fl14 Ql1414 '11!1 "" ,)Lnflfl1LL
Will t" ........... '4 .. 11k I I
th1ni) '11,)11HU LLIII 'I'IIJ1!J11J ffl"l11.Ul'ln l'n1'n1: 1l'ln IlL
II I I
.- I.... ... ... IJ W' .. - .. .. v ... I .... I .. .. _1
fi1Ll'MI4.JLfl LIJ!l!l!lnLl'lll..!l'l1'11414 "J fl1 'l!HII1..!UL 'I'III.JL fl
'
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.. .. ..

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.. til I I I IIIII .. I
ft11Lflll'l 'n,)UL'I'I111'11!111Hfl1'11 L'UlJ'U . L11fi1,U!J.rJnLtJ\LUI11,)111'l !JIIH 'I
.. t.. ., - ... r , t
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fl'l11J'I'IIJ111n L1Jf1Hn'U'M10!l!JHL111Jfll11 .lfllJI LL(I,I'M1fl111 LftlJ L'I'IOW1LtJI4fl
. . ..
76 LI 210
.. .. e ... e (.. .. ) . " .... ...
tnt . n!.J tJ'J \1 'Jt ntJ \1') ,.!lfl\n'll nll ,:'r'lflft'l'U
. .
t .. I ... v ... '
ftllLlJ'IIfl'llt'l:\l\11aLft nlJLft !1
.. .1 t ,.. "" -. t ,.. "" ,.. t ..1
Mary Haas M \'1LlJ1nA02J1![1
1 unn.:immmnl \'1111.110 J1\l nullfl\IL Y!Vfl1V
1 ........ ... t ....
ft 1:nn111 no LLn: 11 n IIJIUI'ln'!Jtllf1J\I
..
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u
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fl\1 hn'L 1
. Richard Noss"


Mary Haas fl!)
fbf fiaf /ya/ fuaf fuaf
Richard Noss /a/ Lrl1
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01
Maov R. Haas, 1'he 1'/uii. System of Writing <Washington. D.C. 1956)
"' R;chood 6. Noo Thai Re Jere nee Gramrrtar (Washington. D.C ..
IJ 210 77
'""'' .t ... ....
!ID 't111 !!Lilli

.. v ..
L- n: nu L- n
Edward M. Anthony, Deborah J>. French,
sikkh3dit
LLt'l: U dom W
' '
iUtlfllJ}
nt'IWl!!'ll i Ufll
..
1'1'111

ii

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.,
1!18 Q
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1.;/o/ LL 'fl'll/y/ Mary Haas H'nLW71:11 o
... t .. ., ., . " .. ... It .. llf .....
'H'II1 ..'1:\.'Al.Jl:n'l1 y 'll 11'17UVilliiJ'll'll: LLf!tl 'II nfl1lJnll
/o/ L
Vi. n. "'" n nin11u1ai
78
.
tT1tlfllll
..
1'1'111 nt'IH
i i:
W IU
u u:
e e: ts ts :
,0 o:
&:
a a:
ia? ia
<I: Edward M. Anthony, Dabor.ah P. frollch and Udom WarotamasiHhadu, Foundations
of Thai, Book I, Parts 1 and :J (Ann Arbor, 1968).
Sanll Thawlsomboon, Syllalll. junction'. within st.ress groups in spoken
Th
. - ; ;
Ill Unpubllshod MastOI'sThos!(Tho Untvorslty of. London. 1956). 1111"11
U W 11111 "; 1f11fri1111lJII1iYID1aD D\1 i YID11il'ill;lft111Jiill1imni'a
. . ' .
ll.o.llii'll
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U210
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t: WI ... ..1 w v
'II 'II 1.1' A (The Intern a tiona! Phonetic Alpha.

.I
bet) flllJ'Yl International Phonetic Association nl\l'llfl

fll
r1'4 ...... t,.. " .......
ArthurS. Abramson

lfltUUJl
i ii
i it u uu
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0 00
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ua
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.
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1 'l ... .. . .. "
Cl flft1:L 'l'l!lLLftM11LCI
,. 1\rthur S. Abromton. The J' OIIJl and Tones of Standard Thai: Acouti
cal'Measuremenl and Experiment (Bioomingron. Indiana, 1962) ' p. 3.
<1 FoongluQng Kruotrochuo. Thai. and English :A Comparative Study of
PlaMoloiy for Pedasosical Application Uloomlnglon, Indiana. 1960), pp. 35-41
Ll210
79
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L_. !1, LLa: - i fi11Jl;,fl"u ; l IIU1htii'SIL;tJUifl
., _. , .. II! 11 .. ,.. as A , w w: d .1,
( alliug diphthong at 'll!l n

., .. .. .. ... IJ ,, .. ,.. t Ill' ., ' ..
f11\'l'll, Vlfl I flfl
,., ;u\i;
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. . . ' .
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80
LI 210
. .. ... . .. .. .. ... ..
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l /ay/ /a/ /y/
l nflflLft!l..l /ay/ 1
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ft1:tlutmft!l..! NLtfJULL'U ,11'nl'UNfl1'U'nntl'Wtl-3L'111 "'11

mv1l'nolimiuoomau..1 llufi1i1 h n"u l orh..1l-wfirh h

th:n11 Q:J'u'll!l!llh ..1n 11'11!l..!L ,;, !l '1
II
U'ULL'III
.. ... .. .. ... .. ... ..
L-1 ntl!lLft!J..l /aw/ U'UnflfJLIIU /a/ /w/
"-II,. t ., ......... 8 ,t: ...
f11fJL ,.f1UL!l..l, 1FJ'WIJ1ft ..!LLf11'Uf1'U ") flFJ1rJ 11J
. . '
.. I I ol .I """ .... .. .I .I <f .. o t "" "'
L'IIJLftFJnfl'Wflii1L!l11J1lJ:lJ'U b ..!L!l11J1lJ:lJ\4n:o ..l'l11 ,.-mu 1 '1111 '1111Jln
I II
t'UL '111'U'iLLfl..l
.I t l " I "
ft'n:un ft'JJIIYfi.Jnfl tl11nJJ umv1 'noun:111v1o ..1nqv1 Yt n:1111::f11LL 1 n
thu ft'7ttbtiYJ.JiftfJ"ft1n (rising diphthongal
<1111 ., ., <1111 ., t ., .. I <1111 A ,I
1 Lf'ULft!l..l /yu/ /iu/ LIJflDfln
fl J 1 t .. ... .. t _, 4 - ... ,
tHo,nnn 110 - !1HnUII111R:IIII111D unuvvn1w1
, ... I ,' .. I 611 .. 611 1
1111111&01& Ill& l111t11 111111111:\n 111t:111DDftiiDf UDDIIIUl&IIDfllllDIIU11
. .
UlliDD llftDiHfhh \nM Ja1J
LI 210 81
'
tJYiileo
tlu.ur1:::1unnn8.:anq11
;.
..
'l'l'll 1

\-IM
i: u:
i
u
e a:
II)
a

3;
0
IJ:

ei ou ai
au oi ia
a oa
ua
fa b Ui
.. ... ... .. -
lSi, iii, ea, b, oa., 11, !In
l
" " o I ll.,l
11fl \lrtfl1ti!1Hf'l!l JJ'IIl.l1;tmll

Ci:l ,Pak,
(il rich,
yield
king, goodness
oaniol Janos. An Outline of Enslih Pho,.eticl (C:..., ... 1957), PP 63.125.
82 LI 210
[e)
[Ill]
[a:]
(0)
(0:)
[ul
[u:]
(A)
[O:]


L flLL rlL; D J 1 uti 1
lmLnLft DJ 1 uti 1
l rlLL rlLftDJ luti1
LflLLrlL ftU J 1 U n 1
lru1
1uri1
LflLL OL;VJ luri,
pen head many
alphabet, glad, pat
part, after, . drama
sorry, pond, dog
lawn, author, nor
put, full, could
blue, rule, food
cup, money, brother
fir, her, heard
[a) LruLnL;vJ1uti1 along, salad, lemon
[eiJ lruLnLftV l1uri1 pay, table, same
[ou]
[ai]
[au]
Pi]
[oa]
1 uri1
L rlLLTlLfttlJ 1 uti1
'tmLilL; tufi1
'triin1nvJ 1 uri 1
1.
Ufll
tmL rlLftVJL uri1
tf1LL nLft v Jlun1
so, home, shoulder
child, fly, height
loud, town , house
oil, nOJse, boy
ear, beard, fierce
bear, spare, fair
coarse, score, four
cuaJ sure, poor, surely
[ia] hideous, area, realistic
[iia]
[iti]
lmLTlL;D J 1 uri 1
lruLnLft VJ 1 uril
Yacuum,
valuing,
Coil 1 going
[ea) LflLLflLftVJluri1 player
slower
Ll210
influence. usual
issuing, ruination
83
[llil yellowish
r11a1 lruLnLnuJl\ln, follower
[iiaJ imuiLnoJ1\Iri1 for.ayer
..1 Ill til ., I ..... IIIII ., A V
'YitJn1,11 'UVI!l LUJUI1 !l!IH L Vl!lU.h!l\JL 't'ltltiOUn111Ln11:l'ILI'III"I'I1:,!lJ'U 0,1111!11
Pl11'1fl{1111fiLIJlfl\l ,!l lwi'I"'JLOfl llLft1..! U1 JLft!l,HI"\Ifl\1030ql!l n"' ULft!l..!
.. ' t
L Yl!lLLI'Ifl .l111'1 1 Z\1 \IL \J\11'11:!111
t V "".,A I Ill I l:s: fA ..
Ulll'l1l'I1\Jfl\l!liiJ10 1Atl!l11LI'I!l ..!L l'IA1\I \ILti\ILI'I!IJ
.. tk
Lll !l\U1..!1'1 \1
I i I
I e I
/8/
pin
egg
add
. I o I up
/a/ alms /a/ odd
"
Ul'tJUU t tf U CI'IJ
/ajf buy /ij/ bee
/aw/ bough /juw/ few
fej/ bay /ow/ go
1 u l put
fol. bought
/Oj/ boy
/uw/ do
'IZL ifi'1,1w Bloomfield Trager (!l!lnLft!IJ
') lllf'll .... ,11 " I .. I ., t " Jl
UU-LO!l'l LLA: Smith n Lfltl!lLU\Ifl1!l!IH'll.lfll\I'IZII.lLOflLVI\I \IYll!IU't'l\1
Bloomfield 'L i'lliutlla .. 11i-R\In"'\l!lU't'ln1"'\l L "JI\1 11 :J..!
. '
tlt ., Jl .., t t; . .. . , W, Jll "" I ... ..& ,i i
'If fret ua: M 'li..!Ul,U\1\1 'If tat ft1\1Lt'I!IJ'11LR!l\l ll
,jl..!\'1;1 Bloomfield , lo{ /j/ , Lf\1 Cha1les F

llo Loonord 'Bloomfield, Lantruage CNw Vorl, 1933), p. 9.
84
Hoekelt /j/ /y/ Bloomfield /a/
1 ., iJ Jltt I llllf 1 o I
Lift: /a/ Bloomfield /a/ \lfl111 'alms, balm
' 1 e I ... If ..... ,..... I Ill
\l\lfJ11011 /a/ \lfll11 sod, hut

l
... f/.. "' 'II .........
Bloch LUI: Trager !ltl0ll1
nr:m
I
fl1
e

ifltlfltl1
u
0
a
Ill ... ... ..1 ... ... 'Ill
/j/, /wf, /h/, /r/ /hr/
................ , ... 11.-.tlll
Cl!l11LtJ"L'I7:tl7:L'Ill Bloch 111.'1: Trager
, I
(
.. ' ) .. ' .. .1<4 " ...
tJ L't!lfl 1 tnL nn1 L tl'D 1 l'I:Ln!l'llL 1.hn
.. " ... .. A"
/j/ 11'16\l LU'D1J\IIlJ LU\11 /w/ LA!l\l LUflHOL'IH LU\11 /h/
.. " t IC .... I ......
!l!lnLL'I!JJ /r/ fl1li\IL'IJL'I1: fl!Jn11J6ft\lflllJU1JtJ'n11!lm1 retroflex 'IJIJLL'I!JJ
.. 1 1-v I I 'If Jll
tls:L'IlJ /r/ !ln Bloch LLft: Trager \lfl1fWHfl!l LU"
/if
/e/
/a/
Jo/
'"'
Ju/
/Vf JVj/ /Vw/ /Yh/
, /Vr/
/Vhr/
beer pit beat
pet
pal
pot
cut
put
bait
bite
boil
bout
boat
boot
yeah
calm
law
mirror
merry bear
mur1y hnr
sorry bore
hurry burr
jury boor
fll ..., 1- I
1:Li'1\l Lfl11
t." .. ... ... .... ' t:::
Bloch 111.'1: Trager 1
/"'/ 1111: /a/ rlU /o/ 1111: /"/
"" "" al ""' t:: Iii ,., '1
Jl1Lfl!J1n1.1LU\l /a/ Lin: /o/ fl11Jt'l1f1U 'nJ\lnLVl11n11'!111111:11f1lt'lm u
"J Charles F.Hockefl, A Course in '1.1odern Liguistics (New York. l9.S8):
p, JL
Betnard Bloch and GeCirge L. Trager, Outline of Linguistic Analysis (Doltimore,
Maryland, 1942), p. 52.
LI 210 85

fl1
i
..
\'1\11
e
u
u
0
Ill
II
al au

/i/
/If
/e/
{1{
tflit

/a/
fu{
{u/
{of
to/
{al/
/av/
/'Jlf.


'
" I o

'"Llrlfl1

'
" I o
.





lruLnri,

lflLLrlfl1
beat, bead, weep, keep
bit, bid, wit, kh, city
mate, cape, made, way, rotate
met, bed, kettle, contest
mat, bad, cattle
but, cup, china, above
father, hot, , cot, cod
pool, cool
pull, wool
note, notation, coat, quotation,.Mexico
autumn, autumnal, bought, cough t
Y Ice, rtde, write
'
now, houae, bout
boys, oJI, soil
c.c. p1oo, Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language
IAnn l"bor. Mi<higon, 1946) p.t2.
86
I
LI210

made l'l!l [e:]

Kenneth L. Pike
v 11

"
'M'Il1
i

I
e
naH
'
8

fl1
.... t '4". t
C. C. Fries
'

nnH
u
u
a
0
..
a :>
"'Kenneth L. Pike. PhotJemics (Aan Arbor, Michigan 1947), p. 45.
\
Ll210
87
crntln:cuJ
'.
o'
.,., '., ..
fi..lf11tlll Hflfl t.J\4
[il
,.ut'l4114ri1 feet [fit]
[J] .HL f\4 l'14fl1 fit. [htl
[e] l'l4fi1 mate [met]
(I]
1'14fl1
eaid
[dJ
[liB] n"Lt\4 1'14fl1
cat [ket],
[a] cup
[kap]
[a]
fl ..
colony
[kalani]
[u]
., I 1
.
bout [but]
[u] foot [futl
[o] rote
[rot]

fi:IL'i" l'l4fll ' caught
[kOl]
[a
1
] f\4 \ '14fh kite [ka
1
t]
[a"] mouae [mal
[o
1
]
1'14fl1
soil [1otl 1
tol
fl .. , ..... -.
L,.,,:ci,t.r
I

Pike oil
[o ] fl1

..

..
to: 'M1o to '"'
.. ..
soil
nu LL fiYla nLL 111 !IOnLft IJ Ofl

"'
A
'
II ..
'
C.C. Friea u

",.... ...
George L. Trager Lloft:. Henry L. Sailh
l '"lim 'JLf\1
H.A. Gleason Jr., A.A. Hill, LLII:. W. NelaoniFrancie
l. Trager and Henry l. SIOith, . .-.. Outline of 11111'/a. StriiCIUre '(Waohlng!oo,
D.C., 1957). pp, 27-2e. , .
88
LI 210
"
\1\11
'
I'IJ
i

ni'IH
e

"' fl1
Trager LLI'It
Smith
. "

v
/y/, /w/ Ul'lt fhf
Vy
/i/
fcf
,.,,
/i/
{31
/a/
/u/
/o/
,,,
Ll210
pit
pel
pat
just (t)
cut(ll)
cot (a)
put
home(,)
wash(s)
(.)

bee
bay
pass
(a)
bee (7)
bird (s)
buy
buoy (9)
boy
wash (xo)

nrm
\IIH
'
t
u
"
0
a
3
.. I .. lilA
IT LI'IVJfl& 1'11Z
..
flJ\1
Vw

house
house
moon
go
house
do
go
law
(11)
(xll)
(xs)
(u)
(x&)
(xa)
Vh
dear (18)
, dare, yeah
ba11
fur (x9)
fur
far, palm
boor
pour, paw
89
mJn'lm'ln u1uean!u1 nnomiu"

"'
11J'U Ja/
()
'" 1"' ....... .,
111 Tl10!l..!Ot11ift!l'U ftUL'I:?I10'U 18..1Uft'Ufl 1;!lflmftD..111J 'U JoJ
(.:)

Tl1nn . Tl1nil1n..1unun un:w1nflliufln
OI'IHfl!l'UI 'M\4!1 ;L'Irl!l'U.'U nl'lft'U!IUft 'll'l'l)
( \1)
v:fln"uu un:l'l1nrlnrmulun,nql!l 4 bee
[ ,ja]
()
' "' ("'] .. IIIII I
fl rl111 bird !l!lnLU 'U 11JUfl 'U1h1niJ I'U'Uri1'U 1U!l1rlLLI'I:'I1DH4
Tl111!lfliii'I'UfinTI1..1fl!l'U l ftl!l..ll'l 'M1;
()
.. 411. lilA ., ... ...
fl llJ puah IU'Il
.. . ,. ... ..
/puyl/ !l!lnLI'IU..l I 'MlJ!l'Uf\111 VIII fl11Jf11U ah

(eo) puah !lDHlu1fl fl 1:!l!lnLft11..1 wash
.. ... ... .. .. ..
{wayl/ rl!l 1!111 fl'ltlfl'lll eh 111'1: uh LU'U /yl/. Of\!l LLflll
"'
fl11Jf111J ah
(e e) !l!lnLftU..!Id'U ;j1
( \I;!) [fyuw]
uaunn1;u4o fi1-l1 bouee [1i11'1]
(em) n'li..1 1.11n l UTI1..1fl:1u fl!lnLLn:nnulri'll!l..l w1n
,., II..- -'["]
'l'l!l!ILLtl1J'U!l!lOII'I!J..lfl111 house IU\4 11'1111'1

( .:) 1nu
. '
fl111
moon \4
(. so [ 1nn1] 1\nn"uluflnuln'!ln,fi,nql!l
(. v) n1-l1 house [1i1n] \h1niJl'Ufl!lUln"''!le..ln..!nql!l
" " .
un maun: 1\ltlr'in 1'11..1'11!1..11'1\'11 lflLJJ1tn
90 Ll210
( l'lfl1 ]
(ev) 'l'lflnutuu10..!LLCI'Il,j' UI'I:O..!nq1f ( fi)
I
(ett) (
I '
{mo) flflnLft!l..!ti1 war [ 1fl] L;fltifiwiu wore fifl [ b]
. . ..
ll1\'11tJtmau
(m .) Wfln'll tuuaufl:i\lflnni'IHflfl\IL\IUfl
I
Trager UCI: Smith
I fl .. , ., I
Ufl'lh1\l ll fl\lli1Ufl11ll1i
Henry A. Gleason Jr. '"'fl"rtLLUCIH1nnl'l iLm1:...'1111!11fl"..!nql!l'II!J..!
Trager un: Smith Lanu"flu fh/ hM ... /H/
I I:J., a t
&11\l A.A. Hill LLCI: W. Nelson Francis 'll\11ULfJ1n111Lfl11:\l'llfl..! Trager
II
LLCI: . Smith IJ1'1'l..!\11Jfl
, ........ , ..... t
James Sledd t..!LU\Ifl\l'rlH fl'llfl..!LHI1JflLIJ1n1 fl'rl1n111Lfi11:V.LftU..!L11t
1i'1:1JtJLfl!110U Trager LLCI: Smith
,
............. ., ......
'llfl..!'ll11 fl \11fl'rlL1!1n11 "Confederate a" fJ!JH \lfl111 fire LU\Ifl\1
',..... t... .. , .. ., ..
Charles F. Hockett fl1Lfl11:\1Lll!l..!ll1:1111;1fl..!nql!l 1fl..!ll
..
\1\11 nL'I1..!
""
i u

nl'll..! e 0

fl1
..
a

ol James Sledd, A Short I n!rf!duction to English Grammar (Chlcato 1959), p. 48.
i Chorles F. Hockett, A Modern Course in Linguiitics (Now York, 1958), p. 31,
LI 210
91
crmJnrnJ.
ij aw
ej aj
aj
Hockett 1! /j/
uw
ow.
" ..
,fNDIIft1:LL1J1JlflV1
i I
nu Bloomfield ILI1'1lt11: y /y/ fliJH Trager ua: Smith
V I .. 411 .tf "'
ft WI11J'II'IHII!JlMI'In::tJ fllfl11:1J1J,flJ Trager Lltt: Smith LlJ'IIML'tn
.. 1
, J,fl Mfl m; 11:\JlJ,flJ Trager ua: Smith
92 LI 210