SPM 2011

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
BY : KHAIRIL ANUAR MOHD RAZALI

A. SYLLABUS
CORE PACKAGE Compulsory for all students and contains 5 components. Geometry Component Trigonometry Component - Coordinate Geometry - Circular Measure - Vector - Trigonometric Function Algebraic Component Calculus Component - Functions - Differentiation - Quadratic Equations - Integration - Quadratic Functions Statistics Component - Simultaneous Equations - Statistics - Indices & Logarithms - Probability Distributions - Progressions - Probability - Linear Law - Permutations & Combinations ELECTIVE PACKAGE Students only have to choose 1 from 2 elective packages. Science & Technology Application Package - Solutions of Triangle - Motion Along A Straight Line Social Science Application Package - Index Numbers - Linear Programming

SYLLABUS
ALGEBRAIC COMPONENT - Progressions - Linear Law CALCULUS COMPONENT - Integration GEOMETRY COMPONENT - Vektor TRIGONOMETRY COMPONENT - Trigonometric Functions STATISTICS COMPONENT - Permutation & Combination - Probability - Probability Distribution APPLICATION PACKAGE PROJECT WORK

EXAMPLE OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN FORM 5

COMPONENT SCHEME TOPICAL SCHEME
PROGRESSIONS INTEGRATIONS LINEAR LAW VECTOR TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATION PROBABILITY PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

APPLICATION PACKAGE PROJECT WORK

B. EXAMINATION FORMAT
ITEM

PAPER 1 (3472 / 1)
Subjective Test (Short Question) 25 questions (Answer All)

PAPER 2 (3472 / 2)
Subjective Test (Limited Response and structure) Part A [ 40 Marks ] 6 questions (Answer all) Part B [ 40 Marks ] 5 questions (Choose 4) Part C [ 20 Marks ] 4 questions (Choose 2) (2 questions from Science & Technology Application Package ; 2 Questions from Social Science Application Package)

Type Of Instrument Number Of Question

Total Marks Test Duration Constructual Inclination Contextual Coverage Level of Difficulty Easy Moderate Additional Tools

80 Marks 2 Hours
Knowledge Application Skill : 20 % : 80 %

100 marks

2 Hours 30 Minutes
Application Skill Problem Solving Skill : 60 % : 40 %

Covers all field of studies From Form 4 to form 5. E:M:D=6:3:1 Difficult

1. Scientific Calculator 2. Mathematical Table Book 3. Geometrical Tools

Covers all field of studies from Form 4 to Form 5.

E:M:D=4:3:3
1. Scientific Calculator 2. Mathematical Table Book 3. Geometrical Tools

B. EXAMINATION FORMAT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

Set aside 5 10 minutes to recheck and arrange answers. Short questions are on basic skill in a topic. Long questions sometimes incorporates a few topics together. Content of Paper 1 is short questions from Core Package. To build self confidence, a few strategies and routines can be practised : - Start with solving Paper 1s short questions. Then, go to long question in Paper 2. - Follow the topical flow as suggested in page 2. - Sharpen your Algebraic and Lower Secondary Mathematics skills. Begin from the easiest and move to the more difficult work.

C. ANSWERS AND MARKS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Dont cancel answers you feel are not correct or unfinished. In long questions, though mistake in part (a) will cause mistake in other parts, marks will still be given to correct working methods. Answers should be NEAT AND TIDY, WORKING METHOD SHOWN CLEARLY and FINAL ANSWER IS DENOTED. Marks allocated for a question, predict level of difficulty. Answers, should be written in the simplest form. Give the precise answer base on what the question want. Sketching graphs - shape of graph, min/max points, x or yintercepts. Drawing graphs - uniform scale, a few points correctly plotted, smooth curve. Marks given are INDEPENDENT marks, WORKING/METHOD marks and ANSWER marks.

C. ANSWERS AND MARKS

Example 1 (Paper 2) A slice of cake has the surface OAB in the shape of a sector with radius 15 cm. Length of arc AB is 10 cm and the cake is 6 cm thick. Find (a) Angle of the sector in radian (b) Total surface area of the cake Example 2 (Paper 1) Given f(x) = 4x(2x 1) 4. Find f (x). (1 mark) (4 marks)

(2 marks)

Example 3 (Paper1) Given the geometric progression 8, 24, 72, . . Find the smallest number of term that has to be taken in order that its sum exceed 50,000. (4 marks)

D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.1 List of formulae are long and plenty and might cause candidates to be in doubt which formulae is the right one.
Example 4: Solve 2 3 sin A Kos 2A = 0 for 90o A 270o

Try to look at the suitable Trigonometric Identity - Basic Identity - Addition Identity - Double Angle Identity.

D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.2 There are formulas that are not given or listed. Example 5 : Solve the equation log x 16 log x 2 = 3.

Indices and logarithms law are not supplied .So write down these laws and then make a choice which is suitable to be used - Laws are not necessarily read from left to right but can also be done the other way round.)

D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.3 Cannot use the precise formulae because the problem given cannot be interpreted correctly. Example 6 : A square has a perimeter of 160 cm. The second square is form by joining midpoints for the sides of the first square and so on as depicted in the diagram. Find : (a) Perimeter of the eight square (b) The sum of perimeter of 5 squares formed.

D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.4 Formulae is given,but candidates still cant use it properly.
Example 7 : Find the median of the data below. Age 1 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 80 81 - 100 Number of resident 50 79 47 14 10

D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.5 Formulae / fact / concept that you thought are only used in Mathematics only (not in Additional Mathematics) and didnt bother about them. Example 8 : - Area and volume of solids formulas (used in Differentiation topic). - Translation concepts (used in Coordinate Geometry topic ). - Tangen to circles law (used in Circular Measure topic)

E. OVERALL ANALYSIS Paper 1

2003 2004 MARKS 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 2 1 2005 MARKS 3 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 2006 MARKS 3 4 2 2 2007 MARKS 3 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 2008 MARKS 3 2 4 1 2 1 2009 MARKS 3 1 1 1 4 1 2 2010 MARKS 3 4 2 2011 MARKS 3 4

TOPICS
2 1. FUNCTION 2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS 4. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 5. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS 6. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 7.STATISTCS 8. CIRCULAR MEASURE 9. DIFFERENTIATION
10. SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES 11. INDEX NUMBERS

MARKS 3

2 2

1 2

1 1

3 1

1 2 1 1

2 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

12. PROGRESSIONS 13. LINEAR LAW 14. INTEGRATIONS 15. VECTORS 16. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 17. PERM. AND COMBINATIONS 18. PROBABILITY 19. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
20. MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 21. LINEAR PROGRAMMING

1 1

1 1

2 1

1 1 1 1

2 1

1 1

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 2

1 1

2 1

TOTAL QUESTIONS

14

12

1 2

1 1

1 2

12

12

E. OVERALL ANALYSIS Paper 2

2003 2004 PART C A B C A 2005 PART B C A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2006 PART B C A 2007 PART B C A 2008 PART B C A 2009 PART B C A 2010 PART B C A 2011 PART B C

TOPICS
A 1. FUNCTION 2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS 4. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 5. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS 6. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 7.STATISTCS 8. CIRCULAR MEASURE 9. DIFFERENTIATION
10. SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES 11 INDEX NUMBERS

PART B

1 1 1 1
1 1

1 1 1
1 1

1 1 1
1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1
1 1

12. PROGRESSIONS 13. LINEAR LAW 14. INTEGRATIONS 15. VECTORS 16. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 17. PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS 18. PROBABILITY 19. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
20. MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 21. LINEAR PROGRAMMING

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1

TOTAL QUESTIONS

E. OVERALL ANALYSIS Detail Analysis According To Subtopic

CHAPTER 9 : DIFFERENTIATION
2003
P1 P2

2004
P1 P2

2005
P1 P2

2006
P1 P2

2007
P1 P2

2008
P1 P2

2009
P1 P2

2010
P1 P2

9.1 Idea of Limit 9.2 Differentiation By First Principle 9.3 Differentiation by Formulae 9.4 Tangent & Normal Equations 9.5 Minimum & Maximum Problems 9.6 Rate of Change 9.7 Small Changes & Approximations 9.8 Second derivatives 9.9 Differential Equations

4 M

3 M 3 M

4 M 3 M

2 M

3 M 4 M 3 M

5 M

3 M

5 M 3 M

4 M

3 M

E. OVERALL ANALYSIS Detail Analysis According To Subtopic

CHAPTER 14 : INTEGRATION

2003
P1
P2

2004
P1
P2

2005
P1
P2

2006
P1
P2

2007
P1
P2

2008
P1
P2

2009
P1
P2

2010
P1
P2

14.1 Integration -Inverse of Differentiation 14.2 Integration Formulae axn 14.3 Integration by Substitution 14.4 Definite Integrals 14.5 Area Under A Curve 14.6 Volume of Revolution

3M

3M

3M

4M 4M 3M

4M 2M 5M 3M

4M 4M 3M 4M 3M

3M

FOR PAPER 2 :
1. Choose long questions in Part B that the form of question and answering method does not change a lot. Example 9 : Long question from LINEAR LAW topic
Table shows values of x and y obtained from an experiment. It is known that y and x is related by the equation y = axn x y 1.2 2.3 1.8 5.2 2.3 8.5 2.6 3 10.8 14.4 (5 marks) (4 marks) (1 mark) An experiment involving adiabatic expansion is carried out. The pressure, P, for mercury and volume, V, for air obtained are as follows: V 100 125 150 175 200 P 58.6 42.4 32.8 27.0 22.3 Variables P and V is related by P = kVn where k and n are constant. (a) Change the equation that relates P and V to the linear form (1 mark) (b) Draw the graph of lg P against lg V. (5 marks) (c) From your graph, find the value of k and n. (4 marks)

(a) Plot lg x against lg y (b) Find the value of a and n (c) Find the value of y when x = 2

FOR PAPER 2 :
2. Choose long question in Part C where the form of question and answering method does not change a lot. EXAMPLE 10 : Question from LINEAR PROGRAMMING topic.
Kasmah wish to sew shirts and pants to be sold to the public. A pants needs 40 minutes preparation and 1 hour of sewing time. A shirt needs 50 minutes preparation time and 40 minutes of sewing time. Kasmah sews x pants and y shirts.
Housing developer Rejeki Halal wish to build type A and type B houses. To build type A houses needs 120 m2 of land and a cost of RM56,000. To build type B houses needs 300 m2 of land and a cost of RM84,000. The developer wish to build x type A houses and y type B houses according to the following constraints:
I : Number of type A houses built must exceed number of type B. II : Land area that can be used to build both type of houses is 2400 m2. III : Maximum capital for building the houses is RM840,000.

(a) Given at least 10 hours are use for preparation and the maximum sewing time is 16 hours. Write 2 inequalities base on these informations. (b) Given the total preparation time is less than or the same as the total sewing time. Show that y 2x. (c) Contruct and shade the region that satisfies the above inequalities. (d) profit from the sale of a pants and shirt respectively is RM5 and RM8. Find from the graph the maximum profit that Kasmah can obtain.

(a) Write 3 inequalities that satisfy the above constraints. (b) With scale of 1 cm to 1 unit on each axis, draw graphs of the 3 inequalities. Shade the region, R, that satisfies the constraints. (c) Base on your graph, (i) What is the maximum unit of type B house built if number of type A houses is 10. (ii) By selling all the houses, the developer obtain profit of RM15,000 for each unit of type A house and RM24,000 for each unit of type B house. How much are the maximum profit obtain by the developer ?

FOR PAPER 2 :


There are questions that incorporates topics (2 in 1) Also, choose questions from SOLO topics.

F. GENERAL GUIDE ON PROBLEM SOLVING

2.1 Directly use formula / fact / concept / algorithm method

Example 11 : Given f(x) = 2x2 1 , find f (x) x+1 Example 12 : Find the straight line equation that passes through (2,1) and perpendicular with the line 2x + y 3 = 0

F. GENERAL GUIDE ON PROBLEM SOLVING

2.2 Forming equation (whether inear, quadratic @ simultaneous) method.

(a) Forming equation from information given.

Example 13: Given f : x Find a and b. ax + b and 3-2 f x ax + b -5 --1

Example 14: Distance of the point (k, 3) to (5, 7) is 5 units. Find the values of k. Example 15: A point P(x, y) is moving such that its distance from the line y = - 2 is equal its distance from the point (6, 6). Find the points loci equation.

(b) Forming equation after making comparison.

Example 16 : Given the function f(x) = 3x + c and its inverse function given as f -1(x) = mx + 4/3. Find the value of m and c.

F. GENERAL GUIDE ON PROBLEM SOLVING

2.3 Forming own equation method.

Example 17: The sum of the first three terms of a geometric progression that has a common ratio 1/3 is 42. Calculate the sum of the third term until the fifth term.

G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)

LINEAR PROGRAMMING COORDINATE GEOMETRY LINEAR LAW QUADRATIC EQUATION PROGRESSIONS QUADRATIC FUNCTION DIFFERENTIATION FUNCTIONS INTEGRATION CIRCULAR MEASURE MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE INDICES & LOGARITHMS SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE STATISTICS PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATIONS INDEX NUMBERS VECTOR SIMULTANEOUS EQN. PROBABILITY TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)

INDICES AND LOGARITHMS Short and Long question : - Write down indices and logarithmic laws. - Not necessarily laws are read from left to right but can also be the other way around. Example 18: Solve 5logx3 + 2logx2 logx324 = 4

- Dont create own formulae Example 19: Solve log3x + log93x = -1 - Sometimes we can be given linear, quadratic or simultaneous equation in indeks and logarithm form. Example 20 : Solve 22x 2x 2 = 0 - Once in a while readings of log table or calculator are needed. Example 21 : Evaluate log 4 5

G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)

STATISTICS
Short and : - Which formulae wish to be used depends on data Long Question type (either Grouped Data or Ungrouped Data) - You must be able to identify which is data and which is frequency. Example 22 : Find mean of the number of student for the data below. Number of classes 5 4 3 Number of Students 30 35 40

- Experience in drawing ogives and histograms from Mathematics subject are needed.

G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS Short and : - Make x or y subject of a formula from the linear Long question equation and subtitute in the non-linear equation. - Quadratic equation will be obtained and solve it using formulae or factorisation. - Dont forget to find the other variable value. - Long question usually is in implicit form concealed in questions from other topics. Example 23 : Find the distance between two points of intersection of the graph x + y = 10 with the graph x2 y + y2 + 10 = 0

G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Short and Long question : - Identify suitable tools to be used . TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS DEFINITION TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS IN QUADRANTS COTANGENT, COSECANT, SECANT TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES TABLE BOOK / CALCULATOR

Example 25: Given tan x = 1/3. Without using table, find kos (x 45o) - Usually question are on solving equations and graph sketching or drawing where knowledge from Functions and Graphs of Functions topics are gravely required.

H. COMMON MISTAKES
1. Non-suitable final answer is not deleted. Example 26: Solve the equation 2log 5 (x 1) = 1 + log 5 (1 x) 2. Answer given is not complete. Example 27 : Solve sin (2x + 32o) = - sin 72o for 0o x 360o 3. Using formulas that are not on any Mathematical List Example 28 : If log 9 y = 2 + log 3 x , express y in terms of x. Example 29 : Given sin x = m , express kos (90o + x) in terms of m. 4. Working method shown is correct, but still no marks awarded because the work is half way completed. Example 30 : Solve sin (2x + 32o) = - sin 72o for 0o x 360o

H. COMMON MISTAKES
5. Mistakes on graphs - not drawn big enough - drawn too big till y-intercept cant be shown - best fit line not drawn using long transparent ruler.

6. Answer not written explicitly. 7. Linear, quadratic and simultaneous equation that involves log, indices and trigonometry cant be solve properly. 8. Adding information not given, thus changing the original question. Example 31 : The weather is defined as cloudy, rainy, sunny and windy. Find the probability that it will rain in two consecutive days.

H. COMMON MISTAKES
9. Solving quadratic inequalities like quadratic equation. Quadratic inequality by right should be solve by graphical or number line method. 10. No precision in answer even though the question is quite easy.
Example 32:
Given diameter = 36 cm. PQ = 3OP and PQ is tangent to the cicle. Find (a) the angle made by the arc PR at centre of the circle. (b) area of shaded region. Q

I. CONCLUSION
1. Additional Mathematics requires time to grasp and be fluent on. 2. With sound basic skills (Algebra, Arithmetic, Shape, Number) and a lot of exercises, important content of Additional Mathematics can be grasped. 3. A sound grasp of Mathematics SPM is required to make a notable advance in Additional Mathematics. 4. Begin with subtopic exercises and move to topical summative exercises. From short questions (Paper 1) move to long questions (Paper 2). 5. Hopefully candidates use their time as good as possible and with patience, work hard for their SPM. ALL THE BEST SELAMAT MAJU JAYA