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    Programming Languages Dan Grossman 2013: Optional: Variables, Macros, and Hygiene

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    Cosmin Ghirisan
    This document discusses hygienic macros in programming languages. It provides examples of how non-hygienic macros can cause issues if they do not properly handle variable capture. Racket macros implement hygiene by secretly renaming local variables in macros with fresh names and looking up variables where the macro is defined rather than where it is used. This avoids problems with unintended variable capture and makes macros more modular and robust.

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    Programming Languages Dan Grossman 2013: Optional: Variables, Macros, and Hygiene

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    Cosmin Ghirisan
    9 views6 pages
    This document discusses hygienic macros in programming languages. It provides examples of how non-hygienic macros can cause issues if they do not properly handle variable capture. Racket macros implement hygiene by secretly renaming local variables in macros with fresh names and looking up variables where the macro is defined rather than where it is used. This avoids problems with unintended variable capture and makes macros more modular and robust.

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    Lecture Slides Section5 104 Hygiene

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    This document discusses hygienic macros in programming languages. It provides examples of how non-hygienic macros can cause issues if they do not properly handle variable capture. Racket macros implement hygiene by secretly renaming local variables in macros with fresh names and looking up variables where the macro is defined rather than where it is used. This avoids problems with unintended variable capture and makes macros more modular and robust.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views6 pages

    Programming Languages Dan Grossman 2013: Optional: Variables, Macros, and Hygiene

    Uploaded by

    Cosmin Ghirisan
    This document discusses hygienic macros in programming languages. It provides examples of how non-hygienic macros can cause issues if they do not properly handle variable capture. Racket macros implement hygiene by secretly renaming local variables in macros with fresh names and looking up variables where the macro is defined rather than where it is used. This avoids problems with unintended variable capture and makes macros more modular and robust.

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    Programming Languages Dan Grossman 2013

    Optional: Variables, Macros, and Hygiene

    Another bad macro


    Any function that doubles its argument is fine for clients (define (dbl x) (+ x x)) (define (dbl x) (* 2 x)) These are equivalent to each other

    o macros for doubling are bad style but instructive e!am"les# (define-syntax dbl (syntax-rules()[(dbl x)(+ x x)])) (define-syntax dbl (syntax-rules()[(dbl x)(* 2 x)]))

    (dbl (begin (print "hi") 42)) These are not equivalent to each other$ %onsider#
    Dan Grossman, Programming 2

    Jan-Mar 2013

    More examples
    ometimes a macro should re&evaluate an argument it is "assed 'f not( as in dbl( then use a local binding as needed# (define-syntax dbl (syntax-rules () [(dbl x) (let ([y x]) (+ y y))]))

    Also good style for macros not to have sur"rising evaluation order Good rule of thumb to "reserve left&to&right (define-syntax take )ad e!am"le *fi! +ith a local binding,# (syntax-rules (from) [(take e from e2) (- e2 e )]))
    Jan-Mar 2013 Dan Grossman, Programming 3

    Local variables in macros


    'n %-%..( defining local variables inside macros is un+ise /hen needed done +ith hac0s li0e !!strange!name"4 1ere is +hy +ith a silly e!am"le# 2acro# (define-syntax dbl (syntax-rules () [(dbl x) (let ([y ]) (* 2 x y))])) (let ([y #]) (dbl y))

    3se# 4a5ve e!"ansion#

    (let ([y #]) (let ([y ]) (* 2 y y)))

    Jan-Mar 2013 Dan Grossman, Programming )ut instead 6ac0et 7gets it right(8 +hich is "art4of hygiene

    The other side of hygiene


    This also loo0s li0e it +ould do the 7+rong8 thing

    2acro#

    (define-syntax dbl (syntax-rules () [(dbl x) (* 2 x)])) (let ([* +]) (dbl 42))

    3se#

    4a5ve e!"ansion# (let ([* +]) (* 2 42))

    Jan-Mar 2013

    )ut again 6ac0et9s hygienic macros get this right:


    Dan Grossman, Programming 5

    Ho

    hygienic macros or!

    A hygienic macro system# 1$ ecretly renames local variables in macros +ith fresh names 2$ Loo0s u" variables used in macros +here the macro is defined 4either of these rules are follo+ed by the 7na5ve e!"ansion8 most macro systems use /ithout hygiene( macros are much more brittle *non&modular, ;n rare occasions( hygiene is not +hat you +ant 6ac0et has some+hat com"licated su""ort for that

    Jan-Mar 2013

    Dan Grossman, Programming

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