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    Lecture2 - Basic Electric Motor & Generator Theory

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    thulasi_krishna
    This document provides an overview of electric machine design and operational theory. It discusses different types of electric motors and generators as well as their basic operational principles including motoring and generating modes. Key concepts around electric motor design and theory are also introduced.

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    Lecture2 - Basic Electric Motor & Generator Theory

    Uploaded by

    thulasi_krishna
    129 views21 pages
    This document provides an overview of electric machine design and operational theory. It discusses different types of electric motors and generators as well as their basic operational principles including motoring and generating modes. Key concepts around electric motor design and theory are also introduced.

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    motors

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    This document provides an overview of electric machine design and operational theory. It discusses different types of electric motors and generators as well as their basic operational principles including motoring and generating modes. Key concepts around electric motor design and theory are also introduced.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    129 views21 pages

    Lecture2 - Basic Electric Motor & Generator Theory

    Uploaded by

    thulasi_krishna
    This document provides an overview of electric machine design and operational theory. It discusses different types of electric motors and generators as well as their basic operational principles including motoring and generating modes. Key concepts around electric motor design and theory are also introduced.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 21

    Electric Machine Design Course

    Basic Electric Motor & Generator Operational Theory Lecture # 2

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    20

    Electric motor Genealogy chart

    SMMA
    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 21

    Electric Machine Cross Sections


    a b c

    Type f is an example of a double salient pole machine Types b & h are single salient pole machines Types a, c, d, e, f & g are nonsalient pole machines This design class is limited to the study of machines that use similar stators with the same laminations & phase windings. These are type b, c, e, g & h.

    Courtesy TJE MILLER

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    22

    Motoring & Generating Operational modes


    (Known as 4 quadrant operation)

    - Torque + Speed

    +Torque + Speed

    - Torque - Speed

    + Torque - Speed

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    23

    Motoring & Generating Operation


    (Known as 4 quadrant operation)

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    24

    Example of two quadrant motor operation


    (Ball screw, timing belt or rack and pinion geared)

    Quad 1

    + Torque + RPM

    -Torque + RPM

    Quad 2

    Lowest power required when times are each 1/3 Area under motion profile = motor shaft angle
    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 25

    Introduction to basic electric motor theory


    Pre-requisite technical understanding: - First Course: Electric Machines & Drives * - Maxwell equations for E & B field relationships - Biot-Savarts Law for forces on a current wire loop - Lorentz forces from a magnetic field on a conductor - Amperes Law to calculate the magnetic circuit - Faradays law describes how a voltage is generated
    * By Prof. Ned Mohan, Wiley2012, ISBN 978-1-118-07481-7 Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 26

    Machine control and power source


    The AC or DC power source to the inverter, converter or controller can be either from the grid or from batteries The motor types for this series of lectures are limited to motors powered by inverters or converters & controllers. Electric machine design techniques and strategies for grid powered machines is not covered in these lectures.

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    27

    General concepts of electric machines


    Flux linkages between stator & rotor across air gap create or require tangential forces (resulting in torque on or from shaft) for motoring or generating. All machines require magnetization of rotor-stator motor magnetic circuit creating circuit paths though the poles at the air gap. - Permanent, magnets can provide magnetization - Phase or armature windings can create field flux - Salient pole rotors close magnetic circuit paths

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    28

    Tangential air-gap forces producing shaft torques


    PM DC commutated motor example

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    29

    PM Rotor with Slotted vs. Slotless stator


    Air Gap

    Magnet

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    30

    Basic operation of AC Induction machines


    (Most technically elegant of all machines)

    Consider a simple transformer Square frame of iron Wound with primary Wound with secondary Voltage applied primary, induces a voltage in secondary (either can be primary) Voltage in the secondary winding is proportional to turns ratio

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    31

    Basic operation of AC Induction machines


    (Most technically elegant of all machines)

    Cut iron core frame into two halves Mount one half in bearings to facilitate rotation Short the secondary winding or connect to external power source via slip rings Apply AC voltage across primary AC voltage is induced into secondary as before as flux crosses small air gaps. With proper mechanical configuration of secondary part as a rotor in bearings and adding three phases of primary windings in a stator forces created in the air gap creates torque on the shaft.
    32

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    PMDC commutated vs. AC induction & PM brushless


    AC Induction motor Used over 100 yrs. PM DC commutated Used about 60 yrs PM Brushless Used about 35 yrs.

    Switched Reluctance motors used about 25-30 yrs. Reluctance Synchronous motors (old motor) used a couple of years

    Bodine Electric

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    33

    AC Induction motor (Rotating Transformer)


    PRIMARY

    SECONDARY
    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 34

    Space vector diagrams for (2) pole machines


    Classic DC machine (1) Phase of AC induction motor

    (1) Phase of PMSM


    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 35

    Classic PMDC to BLDC conversion

    Perhaps original cross section representations of difference between the PM DC commutated motor and the PM Brushless motor now known as a permanent magnet synchronous machine.
    Taken from the ELECTRO-CRAFT HANDBOOK (organized by Erland Persson), over 80,000 copies
    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 36

    Voltage Produced in PM Machine


    Faradays law came first so we must first consider the open circuit voltage generated in the phase windings. 1-A moving conductor linking the flux of a constant magnetic field produces an induced voltage. 2-An induced voltage will be induced in a conductive coil of a magnetic flux varies inside that coil loop. In other words an induced voltage is always produced by rate of change of flux linkage between the magnetic poles and the phase conductors

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    37

    Reluctance machine concept

    Ld

    Lq

    Note: The RSM has only a single magnetic flux source (in stator) Torque is produced by attraction of salient rotor poles to stator poles The level of attraction (torque) is proportional to Lq / Ld
    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012 38

    PMSM

    IM

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    39

    Title

    Mod 2 Copyright: JR Hendershot 2012

    40

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