d`rKrk ds nks 'kCn

'kks/kdrkZ dks lQyrk 'kks/kdrkZ ds vius Je ij bruh

vk/kkfjr ugh jgrh ftruh xq:tuksa ,a lg!ksxh
egkuq"kkksa ds ekxZn#kZu ij fu"kZj djrh g$% bl
'kks/kdk!Z esa tks dq& '(ysf)kr g$ g i*+! xq:tuksa dk
vk#khZkn g$%
e$a vk"kkj ,!-r djrh g*. lruk ftys ds ifj!kstuk
vf/kdkjh ////////////// th dk ft0gksus y1kq#kks/k i23a/k ds
fy, viuk ve*(! le! nsdj 'i!qZ-r tkudkjh i2nku dh%
var esa e$a vius i*t!uh! firk Jh ,a ekrk Jherh dh
ges#kk vk"kkjh jgq.xk ft0gksus eq4s y1kq#kks/k fy)kus
ds !ks5! 3uk!k vk$j ges#kk vkxs 367us ds fy, i2ks8lkfgr
fd!k e$ budk vthu 9:kh jgq.xh%
;<kku =
fnukad =
v/!k! = >/ i2;rkuk
>/lruk ftys dk ifj?!
,frgkfld i`@A"k*fe B=
lruk ftys dks rZeku ;:Ck esa >DED esa i2nku fd!k
x!k <kk% blesa r8dkyhu jhk jk+! dh j1kqjktuxj rglhy
e$gjF ukxk$nF lksgkyF dksAhF 3jk$a/kkF ns#kh fj!klrsa
l+tuiqjF tlksaF j$xkaF dh i0uk fj!klr dh flagiqjF rglhy
f?rgjk ls f3jfla1kiqj rd ds dq& x2ke r<kk &ksGh tkxhjsa
ft0gs fj!klr dj ntkZ feyk gqvk vk$j ikynsF u!kxkaF
dkerkF jathykF elk$nkF rjkaF rjk$ugkF iGjkF ?k$3siqjF vkfn
lfHefyr fd!s x!s g$% ftys dk ukedj:k ftyk eq)!ky! lruk ls
i2kfgr gksus kyh lruk unh ds uke ij fd!k x!k g$%
ftys dk eq)! ek/!e js(s 3H3bZ=gkIk i2eq)k jsy
ekxZ ij dGuh bykgk3kn ds e/! i2eq)k ;Gs#ku g$% @kZ
>JKL dh jktu$frd Mkafr ds le! lruk uxj dk "k*="kkx
3nkZIhg 3ktkj dgykrk <kk% egkjktk j1kqjkt flag us @kZ
>JNO esa bZ;G dk fuekZ:k dHiuh dk jsyekxZ fuek:kZ
gsrq "k*fe i2nku dh <kh% lruk js(s ;Gs#ku dk fuekZ:k
>JND esa fd!k x!k% jsy ekxZ i2kjH"k gksus ds lk<k gh
lk<k ftys ds fdkl dh fM!k i2kjH"k gks xbZ%
lruk ftyk vius varjky esa ;f:kZe vrhr ijkr8F lHink
ds vadgs i`@Aksa ,a jkek!:k nsh ek. dk eafnj vkfn
nk#kZfud /kkfeZd ;<kkuksa esa tgk. gj @kZ 3kjgksa
eghuk !kfP!ksa ,a n#kZukf"kyk@kh yksxksa dh "khI7
yxh jgrh g$% lk<k gh lk<k uxj ds nfQk:k esa yx"kx >E fd/
eh/ n*j "kjgqr iZr g$% tgk. ij 3k$/n dky esa
$"k#kkyh ,a 3ktkj dk i2eq)k ds0n2 "kjgqr uxj f;<kr
<kk% "kjgqr dk i2k?hu uke 3jnkkuh <kk% blds vfrfj-r
ftys ds dq& rglhyksa t$ls = vejikGu rglhy ds v0rZxr
&ksGs=&ksGs x2keksa t$ls )ktqjh ;<kku dk eafnj ,a
&$jgk x2ke dk f#k eafnjF e$gj dk vksbyk eafnj vkfn "kh
dq& ftys ds &ksGs=&ksGs x2keksa esa /kkfeZd ;<kku
g$%
>K vx;r >DEL dh ;raPrk i2kfCr ds i'?krR "kkjr
'kklu Skjk @kZ >DEJ r8dkyhu ns#kh fj!klrksa dk fy! djus
dk fu:kZ! fy!k x!k% ns#kh fj!klrksa ds fy! ds ifj:kke ;:i
vi2$y >DEJ esa f0/! i2ns#k jk+! TT#kkluUU dh ;<kkiuk dh
xbZ% ftlesa lruk dks ,d ftys dk :i i2knku fd!k x!k% jk+!
iquxZAu vk!ksx dh vu#kalk ds vuqlkj v-G*3j >DKN esa
fa/! i2ns#k jk+! dh fy! e/! i2ns#k jk+! esa fd!k x!k ,a
r"kh ls lruk ftyk e/!i2ns#k ds KV ftyksa esa ,d i2eq)k ftyk
3u x!k%
vkt rZeku le! esa lruk ftys dk fdkl e/!i2ns#k ds
KV ftyksa ds fdkl esa vkxs g$%
ftyk ,d utj esa
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////MV en bdkbZ la)!k
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////
>/ "kk$xksfyd QksPQy xZ fd/eh/ ij la)!k
LEWE
W/ rglhy UU >V
O/ uxj UU WVKK
E/ x2ke dqy vkkn=hjku UU >
K/ f#ks@k QksP fdkl i2kf/kdj:k UU J
N/ fdkl )k:I UU WJ
L/ jkt; fujhQkd e:Iy UU EOJ
J/ iGkjh g(dk UU >L
D/ vkjQkh ds0n2 UU
>NNO
>V/ fXqrhd`r x2ke UU KW/
KL
>>/ flaf?r QksP dk i2fr#kr UU ON
>W/ i2k<kfed ;k;<! ds0n2 UU
>V
>O/ ifjkj d(!k:k ds0n2 UU
>ENK
>E/ dqy tula)!k UU LNE gtkj
>K/ iq:@k UU LV
gtkj
>N/ ;Ph UU DON
>L/ iq:@k=;Ph vuqikr i2fr gtkj iq:@k >>LN
gtkj
>J/ x2keh:k tula)!k la)!k WJD
gtkj
>D/ uxjh! tula)!k UU >D>
WV/ tula)!k dk 1ku8 i2fr#kr EE/NK
W>/ lkQkjrk dk i2fr#kr UU >WW
WW/ ,!kikfjd 3$dksa dh 'kk)kk,sa UU
>WW
WO/ ds0n2h! lgdkjh 3$ad dh 'kk)kk,sa UU
>W
WE/ "k*fe fdkl 3$ad dh 'kk)kk,sa UU
D
8kfydk Mekad = >/W
ftykYrglhyY
fdkl )k:I
Z>[
"kk$xk
sfyd
QksPQy
ZW[
rglhy
ZO[
vkk
n
x2ke
ZE[
5k2k
e
ia?k!
r
ZK[
tuin ia?k!r
e:Iy ia?k!r
ZN[
jkt;
fujhQkd
e:Iy
ZL[
ftyk lruk LEWE K >LJE NDE J WJ
rglhy vejikGu >WKO > ODV >EE W N
fV)kaV
vejikGu
NKW = >NK LW > O
fV)kaV jkeuxj NV> = WWK LW > O
rglhy e$gj >>WK > WOJ >W> > E
fV)kaV e$gj >>WK = WOJ >W> > E
fV)kaV
ukxk$n
>J>N > EEW >KD W N
rglhy ukxk$n DW> = WEV DO > O
fV)kaV
'?sgjk
JKL = WVW NN > O
rgV jkeiqj 3k1
ksV
JLE > WVD DK > E
fV)kaVjke 3k1
ksV
JLE = WVD DK > E
rglhy j1kqjkt
uxj
WOKN > KVK >LK W J
fV)kaV
e4x\k
>KJE = WDW JD > E
fV)kaV
lksgky
LLW = W>O JN > E
lruk ftys dh lkek0! tkudkjh
W/xjh3 efgykvksa dk lkek0! ifj?! =
"kkjr esa xjh3h dh le;!k i23y g$ vk$j xjh3h dh ekj
efgykvksa ij vf/kd lh/kh vk$j rh)kh gksrh g$ -!ksafd
efgyk, ifjkj ds "kj:k=iks@k:k ds fy, ftHesnkj AgjkbZ tkrh
g$% !s egr dk "kkj gu djrs gq, 'kjhj ls nq3Zy gksrh
g$% !Xfi 'uesa "kkuk8ed b]&k#kf-r i2?*j ekPk esa
gksrh g$% xjh3h dks n*j djus ds fy, ds0n2h! r<kk i2ns#k
ljdkjsa ;k!0r la;<kk, r<kk v0! dbZ i2dkj dh ,tsf0l!k\
dk!Zjr g$% fd0rq !g le;!k v"kh rd dkj3kj 6ax ls lqy4kbZ
ugha tk ldha% xjh3 r<kk x2keh:k efgyk!s v-lj v?y
lHif8r=fghu vk$j f#kQkk ds yk"k ls af?r gksrh g$% fQj
"kh buds v0nj j?uk8edrk rks gksrh g$% r<kk viuh enn
;!a djus ds fy, "kh s lrr '8lqd gksrh g$%
,slh efgykvksa dh tks ;!a dh &ksGh = lh nqdku
)kksyuk !k dksbZ v0! &ksGk = eksGk jkstxkj djuk ?kgrh
g$% dtZ dh vk#!drk 3gqr +!knk ugha gksrh% n*ljh
vktekbZ gqbZ 3kr !g g$ fd efgyk 'ruk gh 9:k ysuk ilan
djrh g$F ftrus dks fd#rksa esa yk$Gk "kh lds% fd0rq bl
l3ds 3kt*n dksbZ "kh f8rh! la;<kk ,dk,d 'ls dksbZ
9:k nsus dh f;<kfr esa ugha gksrh%
"kkjr @kZ esa efgykvksa ds dke <kk% 3gqr vf/kd
vkf<kZd vk$j lkekftd eg8 g$ vkf<kZd bl fy, -!ksafd
efgyk,s tula)!k fd KV i2fr#kr g$ vk$j fuf#?r :i ls vius ifjkj
dh vkf<kZd rj-dh ds fy, 'uesa ls vf/kdrj efgyk,sa i2!kl
'khy gksrh g$% lkekftd bl fy, -!ksafd efgyk,sa dke djsaxs
rks '0gs vk$j vk! feysxk ftlls 'uds ifjkj dk ;rj lq/kjsxkF
lkekt esa 'udh i2fr@Ak 367xh% 'uesa vk8e f#kl
367sxk vk$j vf/kd ftHesnkjh ds fy, r$!kj gks ldsaxs%
xjh3 dk$u g$^
v/kkj:kk ==
>/3h/ih/,y/ !k xjh3h dh js)kk esa jgus kyksa dh l*?h
esa ifjkj dk uke gks%
W/lkek0! :i ls ifjkj ds 1kj d]?s 3us gksrs g$% !k !s
ifjkj ydI7h vk$j 1kkl=Q*l ls 3uh 4ksiI7h esa jgrk
g$%
O/ifjkj dh vk! dk lk/ku &ksGh = eksGh )ksrh !k
fngkI7h etn*jh g$%
E/ifjkj dh efgyk,sa vk$j 3]?s "kh esgur djrsa g$%
K/ifjkj fdlh rjg nksuks le! dh jksGh dk tqxkI7 djrk
g$%
N/ifjkj ds ln;!ksa dk "kkstu fuHu ;rj dk g$%
L/ifjkj ds ikl ,d !k nks tksI7h iguus ds diI7s 'iyC/k
g$%
J/ifjkj dh tula)!k vf/kd g$F 3]?ksa dh la)!k vf/kd g$%
D/efgyk ij vkfJr ifjkj dbZ 3kj ifr dh e`8!q !k tehu vk$j 1
kj ds vk"kk ds dkj:k fuHu ;rj dk thu thrsa g$%
xjh3h ds dkj:k ==
>/ lHif8r !k tehu dk vk"kk%
W/ i.*th dk vk"kk%
O/ vf#kQkk%
E/ 3]?ksa dh vf/kd la)!k%
K/ jkstxkj !k etn*jh ds lk/ku dk vk"kk%
xjh3 ifjkj dh efgykvksa dks dtZ
dh v#!drk -!ksa ^
xjh3 ifjkjksa dks ;k;<! la3a/khF vkf<kZd lkekftd ,a
v0! ff#k@G dkj:kksa !<kk vdkyF 3k67 t$lh f#ks@k
ifjf;<kfrvksa ls fuiGus ds fy, dtZ dh vk#!drk gksrh g$%
Zd[ ;k;<! la3a/kh dkj:k B=
>/efgyk dh v;;<!!rk ,a i2l*fr ds le!%
W/ifjkj ds ln;!ksa dks f3ekjh ds le! bykt ds fy,%
Z)k[ vkf<kZd dkj:k B=
>/,!kikj djus ds fy,%
W/i'kq )kjhnus ds fy,%
O/)ksrh djus ds fy,%
E/1kj 3ukus ds fy,%
K/3]?ksa dks vf/kd la)!k ds dkj:k ifjkj ikyusa ds fy,%
Zx[ lkekftd dkj:k B=
>/t0e ij la;dkj ds fy,%
W/t0e ij la;dkj ds f(k,%
O/eq:Iu la;dkj lHi0u djus ds fy,%
E/fkg ds la;dkj ds fy,%
K/e`8!q "kkst ds fy,%
Z1k[ v0! dkj:k B=
vdky vk$j 3k67 dh f#ks@k ifjf;<kfr!ksa ls fuiGus ds
fy,%
xk.ksa esa 'iyC/k dtZ ds ;Pksr
==
x2keh:k QksPksa esa xjh3 ifjkj lkek0! :i ls laxfAr
vk$j vlaxfAr nksuksa QksPksa ls dtZ ysrs g$% laxfAr QksP
3$ad ,a f8rh! la;<kk, t$ls = lgdkjh lk)k lfefr!k. vkfn
dsy '8iknd dk!ksZ ds fy, dtZ nsrs g$%
vlaxfAr QksP B=
>/3I7s fdlku%
W/lkg*dkj%
O/,!kikjh%
E/fj;rsnkj%
_ ifjkfjd fif8r iI7us ij t:jr ds le! igys 3I7s fdlku !k
e/!e Js:kh ds fdlku ftldh tehu ij etn*jh !k dke djrsa g$F ds
ikl dtZ ekxrsa g$%
_ fdlku ls dtZ uk feyus ij lkg*dkj !k ,!kikjh dk lgkjk
ysrh g$%
_ dbZ 3kj xjh3 vius fj;rsnkj !k viuh g$fl!r ds feP ls "kh
dtZ ysrk g$% C!kt = xjh3 ifjkjksa dks lkg*dkj !k ,!kikjh
dks lkZf/kd C!kt nsuh iI7rh g$% viuh ;rq tsj vkfn
"kh dtZ ds fy, xgus "kh j)kuk iI7rk g$%
laxfAr QksP B=
!s dsy '8iknd dk!ksZ gsrq vkerk$j ij dtZ nsrs
g$%
>/QksPh! x2keh:k 3$ad%
W/;kjdkjh la;<kku%
xjh3 efgykvksa dh &ksGh = &ksGh 3?r j)kus ds lk/ku -!k
g$ ^
xjh3 efgyk,s viuh &ksGh = &ksGh 3?r lkek0! rk$j ij
fuHufyf)kr ;<kkuksa ij j)krh g$ =
>/lkIh ds fIC3ksa esa%
W/1kj ds fIC3ksa esa%
O/isGh !k 3-ls esa%
E/vius iIkslh !k ifjf?r ds ikl%
K/vius f#kl ikP 'kf-r !k efgyk ds ikl%
N/3gqr de f;<kfr!ksa esa iks;G vk\fQl !k 3$ad esa%
xjh3 ifjkj fd efgyk\, 3?r d$ls djrh g$
=
>/ efgykvks Skjk iq:@kksa dh ?ksjh ls viuh etn*jh ls
<kksI7k = <kksI7k
i$lk bdGRAk fd!k tkrk g$%
W/ efgyk,s t3 dbZ fnu rd etn*jh ugha ikrh g$ vk$j
bdGRAk
etn*jh feyus ij 'lesa ls ,d fg;lk 3?k ysrh g$%
O/ )ksr ij Qly djus vk$j xgjkbZ ds 3kn 3jkbZ fd Qly
dk ,d
fg;lk 3?r ds :i esa fy!k tkrk g$%
E/ vdkf;ed :i ls jkstxkj !k vf/kd etn*jh dk dke feyus
ij%
K/ es0G !k 'igkj ds :Ck esa /ku feyus ij%
xjh3 ifjkjksa ds ikl vkidk fu!fer ;Pksr ugha g$ gekjk
lekt iq:@k i2/kku g$F ftlls efgykvksa Skjk tks vki fngkI7h
etn*jh ds :i esa !k v0! fdlh ,!f-r ls es0G 'igkj ds :i esa
i2kCr dh tkrh g$F bl vk! dk "kh ,d fg;lk iq:@kksa Skjk
gI7Ck fy!k tkrk g$%
"kkjr esa xjh3 efgykvksa dh lkekftd
f;<kfr ,a 'uds 9:kksa dh 'iyC/krk
>/xjh3 efgykvksa dh lkekftd ,a vkf<kZd f;<kfr =
efgykvksa ds i2fr ikajifjd n`f@Gdks:k = "kkjrh! lekt
ff/k xksZ r<kk ijrksa esa f"kkftr lekt g$ ftlesa 3gqr
ls /kekRsZ jhfr=fjktksa ijaijkvksa vkfn dk lfHeJ:k g$%
fQj "kh vf/kdrj "kkjr esa fg0n* = i2/kku lekt g$ tks
fir` = i2/kku gksrk g$ r<kk ftlesa iq:@k 1kj vk$j 3kgj
nksuksa ds ekeyksa esa fu:kkZ!d gksrk g$% "kkjr esa gh
ugha 3f(d i*js f# esa efgykvksa dh f;<kfr dkQh n3h
gqbZ g$% v8!kf/kd fdflr ns#kksa esa "kh efgykvksa dk
i2frfuf/k8 jktuhfr ds ']? inksa esa 'kklu 0!k!ikfydkF
,!kikj vkfn la3a/kh QksPkas esa iq:@kksa ds eqdk3ysa
u5k:! g$% bldk dkj:k !gh g$ fd efgykvksa xksaI7 i*jd
le4rs gq, gh iqPh dks i2kjfH"kd la;dkj fn,s tkrs g$F
'ldk ikyu fd!k tkrk g$%
ifjkj esa firk ds uke ij gh l3 laif8r gksrh g$ vrB s
gh l3 eg8i*:kZ fu:kZ! ysrs g$% efgyk, vius vkidks
ifjf;<kfrvksa ds vuq:i 6kyrh jgrh g$% vkfn iq:@k jktkeuq
vuqlkj f;P!ksa dh ns)k"kky TT3?iu esa 'uds firkF
!qk;<kk esa 'uds firkF r<kk ``k;<kk esa 'uds
iqPksa Skjk dh tk,sx2hUU !gh dkj:k g$ fd efgykvksa dk
i2fr#kr ns#k dh lalnF jk+! f/kku l"kkvks v<kk v0!
eg8i*:kZ jktuhfrd ;<kkuksa ij iq:@kksa ds >V i2fr#kr ds
3jk3j "kh ughsa g$% fu!fer lskvksa esa dsy L/KJ i2fr#kr
'kkldh! deZ?kjh gh efgyk\, g$%
f#kQkk dk vk"kk B= "kkjr esa N> i2fr#kr efgyk, lkQkj
ugha g$ ftlesa gj QksP esa '0gs dk!Zdk$#ky i2kCr djus
esa ,!/kku la)!k vi!kZCr g$% xk\ksa esa ;d*y 1kj ls
n*jh ij f;<kr g$ r<kk jk;rk vlqjfQkr g$% ekrk = firk 3]?h
dh f#kQkk ij vf/kd ,!! djuk ugha ?kgrs g$ -!ksfd vkf)kj
'ldk fkg gksuk gksrk g$% x2keh:k QksP esa jgus kyh
yI7dhvksa ds fy, 'kgjksa esa &kPkkl ugh g$ tgk\ jg dj
s viuh vfx2e f#kQkk i*jh dj ldsa%
x2fg:kh ds :i esa efgykvksa dk dk!Z B= efgykvksa dk 1kj
dk dkedkt rks dk!Z dh x:kuk esa gh ugha fy!k tkrk% bl
i2dkj ls s vn`#! dk!ZdrkZ gksrh g$ !Xfr s ?k$3hl es ls
vAkjg 1kaGs dk!Z djrh g$% !fn efgyk viuh gh "k*fe ij
esgur = etn*jh djs rks 'l dk!Z dks nksuksa ds ldy
'8ikn esa 'kkfey ugha fd!k tkrk%
sru ds fy, !fn efgyk\, dk!Z djsa rks 'ls x2keh:k lekt esa
fdaf?r gs! n`f@G ls ns)kk tkrk g$% akgjksa esa bl f;<kfr
esa ifjrZu vk!k g$% vk$j yksx dkedk th efgykvksa dks
lkek0! ifjf;<kfr gh ughaF 3f(d ka&uh! ekuus yxs g$%
fd0rq xk\ esa !g f;<kfr v"kh "kh ugha vkbZ g$% !g
ekuk tkrk g$ fd ,d efgyk dks r"kh esgur=etn*jh djuh
?kfg, vxj 'lds ifr dks tks vk! gksrh g$% g ifjkj ds
xqtkjs ds fy, Ck!kZCr ugh g$% bl euB f;<kfr esa
efgykvksa dks vk$j vf/kd dk!Zdq#ky 3ukus dh fn#kk esa
vI?u vkrh g$% blh /kkj:kk ds dkj:k 3gqr lh efgyk\,
vkf<kZd :i ls fuf#d2! jgrh g$% fd0rq bldk n*ljk igy* !g g$
fd s vius ifr ij gh viuh fdlh &ksGh=lh b]&k dh i*frZ ds
fy, "kh fu"kZj jgrh g$a% ,d vkf<kZd 3ks4 "kh le4h tkrh
g$%
tkfr = i2<kk r<kk efgykvksa ds dkedkt dh ifjikGh
B= x2keh:k QksP esa ']? tkfr dh efgykvksa dk dk!Z esa
!ksxnku vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr dh efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa
dkQh de g$% tgk\ OW i2fr#kr vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr dh
efgyk\, dk!Z esa yxh gqbZ g$a gk\ v0! tkfr!ksa dk
i2fr#kr dsy >D/J g$% fd0rq !g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd
T']?T dgykus kyh tkfr!ksa esa xjh3h g$ gh ugh %
tgk\ dgha ']? xZ dh efgykvksa dks ifjf;<kfr #k vius
d`f@k = dk!ksZ dh lehQkk djus tkuk "kh iIrk g$F rks
'uds ifr '0gsa dsy jkr ds va/ksjs esa r<kk ijns esa gh
gk\ tkus nsrs g$a% '88j i2ns#k ds dq& QksPksa esa !g
ns)kk x!k g$% fd0rq vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr xZ dh xjh3
efgykvksa ds ikl vius fy, dke djus !k u djus dk ?quk djus
dk vf/kdkj ugha g$% fd0rq dk!Z ds i2fr 'udk n`f@Gdks:k
"kh larqfyr ugha g$% !fn '0gasa fd(i fn!k tk, rks s
"kh ']? xZ dh efgykvksa dh rjg 1k*\1kG ds ih&s f&i
tk\,xh !g "kh ns)kk x!k g$%
efgyk dfeZ!ksa dh f;<kfr B= :dkGksa ds 3kt*n
efgykvksa dh dk!Z esa "kkxhnkjh 36rh tk jgh g$%
tux:kuk dh f;<kfr ls irk ?yrk g$ fd dqy es ls efgyk
dfeZ!ksa dh la)!k >DL> esa >E/WW i2fr#kr ls 367dj >DJ>
esa >D/NL ,a >DD> esa WW/WL i2fr#kr dks rks i*js @kZ
dk!Z feyrk g$aF fd0rq 'uesa ls N/WE i2fr#kr ,slh ZekftZuy
dZlZ[ g$a ft0gsa @kZ ds vk/kh v<kk 'lls de fg;ls
esa gh dk!Z feyrk g$% tks ekftZuy dZlZ g$a 'uds
vuqikr esa >DJ> r<kk >DD> ds 3h? 36ks8rjh gqbZ g$%
>DJ> esa K/NV i2fr#kr gh ekftZuy dZlZ <kh tks v3 N/WE
i2fr#kr g$%
dqy ekftZuy dfeZ!ks dh f;<kfr ns)kh tk, rks 'uesa ls
DV i2fr#kr rks efgyk\, gh gksrh g$% dqy efgyk dfeZ!ksa
esa ls OE/WW i2fr#kr d`f@k etn*j xZ dh g$% d`f@k etn*j
efgykvksa dh la)!k tks >DJ> esa EN/OE i2fr#kr <khF 'lesa
dq& fxjkG vkbZ g$ r<kk >DDE esa !g la)!k EE/DO i2fr#kr
gks xbZ%
jkstxkj la3a/kh dfAukb!k\ B= la3a/k esa TlskT ls
la3` ,d v/!!u ls irk ?yrk g$ fd !Xfi efgyk\, vius jkstxkj ds
fy, rjg=rjg ds dk!Z 3Ih esgur ls djrh g$ fQj "kh 'l dke
ls gksus kyh vk! vk$j equkQs dks vius jkstxkj esa kil
yxkus ds 3kjs esa r<kk 3ktkj dh f;<kfr dk lgh vanktk u
gksus ds 3kjs esaF fglk3=fdrk3 esa detksjh dh tks
vQkerk\, gksrh g$ 'uds dkj:k 'udk bl EL jkf#k dh tks
bij dksbZ fu!aP:k ugha jg tkrk g$% 'uds ifjkj ds iq:@k
gh vf/kdrj uxn jkf#k j)krs g$ r<kk 'lesa ls
<kksIh=<kksIh efgykvksa dks le!=le! ij 'iyC/k djkrs
g$a%
d`f@k esa efgyk\, B= vius dke dh ryk#k esa
efgyk\, ,sls=,sls ;<kkuksa ij "kh d`f@k etn*j ds :i esa
dk!Z djus dks 3k/! gksrh g$ tgk\ 'udk vkf<kZd 'kks@k:k
gksrk g$% k;r esa d`f@k esa efgykvksa dh eg8i*:kZ
"k*fedk g$% s d`f@k la3a/kh dkeksa esa dqy yxus kys
le! esa ls nks=frgkbZ le! nsrh g$% t3fd iq:@kksa dk blesa
fg;lk ,d frgkbZ gh gksrk g$% 'nkgj:k ds fy, iq:@kksa Skjk
tks dk!Z fd, tkrs g$a s "k*fe dh tqrkbZ=3qvkbZF
fla?kbZ ds fy, ukfy!k\ 3ukuk vkfn g$a vk$j efgykvksa ds
tks dk!Z gksrs g$a s tehu dh r$!kjhF )kjirkjF fudkyukF
Qly dkGukF Qly dh dGkbZF 'ldk "k:Ikj:k vkfn gksrs g$a
tks fd 3jk3j ds gh eg8i*:kZ gksrs g$a fQj "kh Td`@kdT
uke ls ges#kk iq:@kksa dks gh tkuk tkrk g$% k;r esa
efgykvksa ds Skjk d`f@k esa tks dke fd, tkrs g$a s 3gqr
gh Jelk/! vk$j d"kh=d"kh )krjukd "kh gksrs g$a%
igkI7h esa vf/kdrj d`f@k dk!Z efgykvksa ds gh ftHes
gksrk g$% 'uds fy, lqf/kktud e#khus ugha gksus ls
'0gsa l3 dk!Z gk<kksa ls gh djus iIrs g$a%
t$ls=xqIkbZF fuankbZF 3q3kbZF lQkbZF "kjkbZF e-dk
ds nkus vyx djuk vkfn%
x2keh:k ;rj ij y1kq ,!lk!ksa dk i2lkj B= efgykvksa
ds ;/ jkstxkj ds 3gqr ls yk"k g$% ?qus gq, nksuksa esa
36rh gqbZ dk!Zjr tula)!k !g 3rykrh g$a fd "kf@! esa
x2keh:k r<kk 3kgjh nksuksa gh QksPksa esa l*Qe vk$j y1
kq ,!lk!ksa ds 3gqr ls vlj '8i0u gksxsa% !g QksP
rZeku esa i2fr@kZ >VFVVFVVVY= u, dk!Z ds vlj i2nku
dj jgk g$% yxkus !ks5! i*\th vk$j lkQkjrk ds v"kk ds
dkj:k efgyk\, ;=jkstxkj ds fy, l*Qe 'Xksx ls af?r u gks
tk\, blds fy, i2!kl t:jh g$%
"kkjr dh lkekftd vk$j vkf<kZd n#kk dks ns)krs gq, !g
"kh i2rhr gksrk g$ fd vf/kdrj !gk\ efgykvksa dks l*Qe
'Xksx vius 1kj ds vanj gh ?yk, tkus esa lqf/kk gksrh
g$% -!ksfd buds lk<k=lk<k s vius jkstejkZ ds t:jh
dkeksa dks "kh vklkuh ls fuiGk ysrh g$% de ykxr ls 'kq:
gks ldus kys ;=jkstxkjksa ds vljksa dh efgykvksa dks
3gqr vf/kd 'i!ksfxrk gksxh% '8ikfnr ;rqvksa ds fM!
ds lan"kZ esa dq#ky i$afdx vkfn "kh t:jh g$% vrR,
efgykvksa dk bu QksPksa esa i2f#kQk:k djkuk vk#!d
gksxk%
>/9:k dh lqy"krk%
W/f3Mh ds fy, vklku ,!;<kk%
O/,!lk!h dk$#ky ds fy, i2f#kQk:kF ftlesa lkQkjrk vk$j
lek0! laxAu gks%
E/rduhdh ekx2Zn#kZu ftlesa vk#!d e#khus )kjhnus ds
fy, ;<kku v<kk ek\Iy dh tkudkjh nh tk,s%
K/&ksGh = &ksGh ;rqvksa ds fuekZ:k ds fy, d]?k
eky r<kk 'udh f3Mh ds i*Z "k:Ikj:k ds fy,
;<kku%
N/3hekjh v<kk laif8r ds fuf@Gdj:k vkfn ds
ifjf;<kfr!ksa esa lqjQkk fuf/k v<kk 3hek lskvks dk
i2nk!%
laxfAr QksP esa efgyk,\= laxfAr QksP esa >DDO esa
efgykvksa dk i2fr'krF dqy dk!Z!r yksxks fd rqyuk esa
i2fr'kr jgk% v<kkZrR WL> yk)k esa ls dsy EV yk)k buesa
ls WE yk)k efgyk,\ lkZtfud fudk!ksa vkfn esa dk!Z!r <kh
r<kk 'ks@k futh QksaP esa <kh% laxf!r xZ dh efgyk
dfeZ!ksa esa ls KV i2fr#kr lkekftd v<kk ,!f-rxr lskvksa
esa lay5u <khF >N i2fr#kr !krk!r lqf/kkvksaF "k:Ikj:kF
la?kjF f88kF thu lqjQkkF vk\?y laif88k ds ffue! v<kk
3$afdx lskvksa esa lay5u <kh%
dqy dk!Z!r iqc@kksa esa ls >V i2fr'kr laxfAr QksP esa
dk!Z!r g$a% fd0rq efgykvksa ds lan"kZ esa !g i2fr#kr esa
!g i2fr#kr dqy !gh g$a%
1kGuk vuqikrB= bl lnh esa i2fr gtkj iqc@kksa ij
efgykvksa dh la)!k @kZ >DE> ls >DK> r<kk >DL> ls >DJ>
ds n#kd dks &ksI7dj l"kh n#kdksa esa 1kGh g$a% "kkjr
esa efgykvksa dk 1kGrk vuqikr lekt ds 'udh fuHurj n#kk
dks n#kkZrk g$a% rst jdrkj ls gks jgh i2xfrF tkx:drk esa
`f`F vkfn ds dkj:k vk#kk rks !g dh tkuh ?kfg,F fd vuqikr
efgykvksa ds i2fr gtkj iq:@kksa ij efgykvksa dh la)!k DOW
<kh tks fd >DD> esa 1kGdj DWL jg xbZ% ,d i2lax#k
efgyk,\ iq:@kksa dh visQkk vf/kd nh1kZ thh gksrh g$a%
efgykvksa dh vk$lr vk!q NO @kZ g$a t3fd iq:@kksa dh NW
@kZ f#k#kq=e`8!q nj 3kfydkvksa r<kk 3kydks nksuksa ds
fy, i2fr >VVV t0e ds ih&s J> g$a%
ifjkj dk eqf)k!k B= x2keh:k QksP esa yx"kx WV i2fr#kr
ifjkjksa esa efgyk gh vki dekus kyh ln;!rk gksrh g$a
v<kk gh eqf)k!k gksrh g$a% ,sls ifjkjks dh vkf<kZd
f;<kfr f#ks@k :Ck ls f3&I7h gqbZ g$a% lekt esa
efgykvksa ds i2fr tks j$!k g$a 'ldk bu ifjkjks ij
lkZf/kd fijhr i2"kk iI7rk g$a%
3sjkstxkjh B= efgykvksa dh 3sjkstxkjh nj uxjh! QksPksa
esa x2keh:k QksP dh 'isQkk vf/kd g$a% 'nkgj:k ds fy,
>DJL=JJ rd uxjh! QksP esa N/> i2fr#kr iq:@kksa ds
eqdk3ys esa J/K i2fr#kr efgyk,\ 3sdkj <kh% @kZ >DDE rd
jkstxkj dk!kZy!ksa esa jkstxkj ds fy, iathd`r efgykvksa dh
la)!k JVFDV yk)k <kh%
O/"kkjr esa l*Qe 9:kksa dh
'iyC/krk
l*Qe 9:k g 9:k g$a ftlds >VVVVY= v<kk vf/kdre >K
ls WK gtkj rd ds dk!ZMe vkrs g$a= -!ksfd ,d fu/kZu 'kf-r
u rks blls vf/kd jkf#k la"kky ldrk g$aF u gh 'ldh Qkerk
,slh 9:k jkf#k dks le!kuqlkj C!kt lfgr yk$Gkus dh gksrh
g$a% 3I7h jkf#k ds fu!kstu ds fy, 3I7h !kstuk vk$j 3I7k
laxAu vk#!d gksrk g$aF "kkjr esa xjh3h=fukj:k ds fy,
efgykvksa dks viuk !ksxnku nsuk t:jh g$a% vk$j 'uds fy,
jkstxkj ds vlj feyus esa dfAukbZ!k\ "kh i!kZCr g$a
gekjk ds0n2 f30nq xjh3hx2;r efgyk,\ g$a= ftuds lk<k
3I7s ifjkjF lk)kjrk dk v"kkF i2kd`frd r<kk laif88k ds
v0! lk/kuksa dk v"kk=!s l"kh fd(i i2#u tqI7s gq,
g$a%
dsf0n2h! 'kklu ds efgyk d(!k:k dk!ZMe r<kk
ia?@khZ! !kstuk, B=
;raPrk i2kfCr ds 3kn ls gh 'kklu esa efgykvksa ds
d(!k:k dh f?ark g$F !Xfi bl 'nnRs#! -!k ,a d$lh ennR dh
tk, blds 3kjs esa f?kjksa esa ifj:kfr vkrh jgh g$a% lk<k
gh lekt esa lsh la;<kkvksa dh lekt esa -!k "k*fedk gks
ldrh g$F 'l 3kjs esa "kh f?kjksa esa ifjrZu vk jgk
g$a% tgk. i2<ke ia?@khZ! !kstuk esa bl vksj bu 'kCnksa
esa /!ku vkdf@kZr fd!k x!k <kk UUlektUU d(!k:k ds
ff"k00k QksPksa esa t$lk= fd efgykvksa vk$j 3]]kksa
dk d(!k:kF lkekftd f#kQkkF leqnkf!d laxAu dh xa"khj
ftHHsnkjh ;k"kkfd :i ls futh ;$f]&d la;<kkvksa ij
iI7rh g$a% !s futh la;<kkvksa 3gqr le! ls vius v(i
lk/kuksa lsF f3uk fdlh lgk!rk ds viuh uhfr!ksa vk$j
laxAuksa ds lgkjs vius 'nnRs#!ksa ds fy, dk!Z dj jgh g$aF
gha fSrh! vk$j r`rh! ia?@khZ! !kstukvksa us bl
f?kj/kkjk esa !g vk$j tksI7k fd ;sf]&d la;<kkvksa
dh !g "kh "k*fedk g$a% fd g detksj xksZ dh
dfAukbZ!kas dks n*j djs turk ikGhZ ds 'kklu dky esa
!kstuk vf"kys)kksa esa rks !gk. rd '((ks)k fd!k x!k <kk%
UUlekt ds l"kh dkj:kksa dks lq/kkjus esa l3ls eg8i*:kZ
r<! !g g$a fd ,slh uhfr!k. vk$j !kstuk,\ 3ukbZ tk,\ fd
fu/kZu yksx laxfAr gks lds vk$j 'u yk"kksa dks tku lds
tks 'uds fy, fufgr g$a%UU vkaAh ia?@khZ! !kstuk
n;rkst esa igyh 3kj ;$f]&d la;<kkvksa ij ,d i2<ke v/!k!
fy)kk x!k vk$j !g vk'kk ,!-r dh xbZ fd bu la;<kkvksa dks
ff"k00k jkstxkj r<kk fdklks0eq)k dk!ZMeksa esa
'udh "kkxhnkjh ds fy, jkf'k v#! nh tk,xh% dq& eq)!
!kstuk,\ uh?s fyf)kr g$a%
lesfdr x2keh:k fdkl !kstuk ZvkbZ/vkj/
Ih/ih/ [ B=

!g dk!ZMe vius i2dkj dkF f# dk xjh3h '0e*yu ds fy,
f#kk(!re dk!ZMe dgyk ldrk g$aF ftlesa x2keh:k ;/
jkstxkjksa fy, 9:k lk<k=lk<k vuqnku "kh lqy"k djk!k
tkrk g$a% bl dk!ZMe dh 'kq:vkr LV ds n#kd esa dh tkdj
>DJV rd !g l"kh fdkl )k:Iksa esa ykx* dj fn!k x!k <kk%
bl dk!ZMe ds v/khu xjh3h ds vk/kkj ij ?!fur x2keh:k
igjkjksa ds vuqnku r<kk f88kh! la;<kkvksa ls vf/kd
9:k fnykdj f88kh! lgk!rk ds tfj, df3F vk$Xksfxd ,a
lskvkasF rhuks QksPkas eas ,!lk! dh lqf/kk gsrq jkf#k
'iyC/k djkbZ tkrh g$ l"kh jkstxkjks0eq)k dk!ZMekas ds
fy,F tks vkxs '8iknu esa v<kk jkstxkj 3uk, j)kus es lgk!d
gksF ifjlaif8r!k. vk$j fus#k 'iyC/k djk, tkrs g$a !kstuk dk
yQ! leqg xjh3h js)kk ds uh?s kys ifjkj g$%
jkf'k B= !kstuk ds v/khu vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr
,!f-r!ksa ds fy, dqy esa ls KV i2fr#kr ifjkj dk yQ! j)kk x!k
g$ r<kk lgk!rk=i2kfCr yksxksa esa ls EV i2fr#kr efgyk\,
gks !g "kh yQ! j)kk x!k g$% &ksGs fdlkuksa dks dqy
i2ksts-G dk WK i2fr#kr=lhekar fdlkuksa dks ,a x2keh:k
dkjhxjksa dks OO/>YO i2fr#krF vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr r<kk
'kkjhfjd :i ls fdykaxksa dks bl !kstuk ds v/khu esa :/
EVVVY= r<kk e:;<kyh QksPksa esa :/ KVVVY= vk$j
vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr!ksa ds ifjkjksa ds fy, r<kk
fdykaxksa ds fy, :/ NVVVY= g$% !kstuk dh r$!kjh
;<kkuh! lalk/kuksa vk$j ifjkjksa dh kf@kZd vk! vk$j
dk!Z dq#kyrkvksa dks ns)krs bls x2keh:k fdkl ,tsafl!ksa
ZIh/vkj/Ih/,/[ ds ek/!e ls fM!kafr fd!k tkrk g$
kf:kf+!d 3$adksaF lgdkjh 3$adksa vk$j QksPh! x2keh:k
3$adksa Skjk fgrx2kfg!ksa dks la;<kkvksa Skjk 9:k
'iyC/k djk!k tkrk g$%
dk!ZMe ds i2kja"k ls @kZ >DDO rd dk!ZMe ds fy,
NJJV djksI :/ ds dqy vkaGu ls EWW yk)k ifjkjksa dks
lgk!rk nh xbZ vk$j '0gsa KE >>JEJ/O djksI :/ dk 9:k
lqy"k djk!k x!k% >DDK/DN rd bl !kstuk ds v/khu yx"kx LV
yk)k efgykvksa dks yk"kkf0r fd!k tk ?qdk g$% @kZ
>DDD ls bl !kstuk dk uke ifjfrZr djrs gq, r<kk 'lesa ik\?
v0! !kstukvksa bk-jkF GekblseF xaxk d(!k:k=thu
/kkjk='0ur &*y fdG !kstukvksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq, bls
lkZ t!arh x2keh:k ; jkstxkj !kstuk v<kk esa le*gksa
dks 3gqr eg8 fn!k x!k g$ r<kk dgk x!k g$ fd yx"kx KV
i2fr#kr !kstukarxZr lgk!rk efgyk le*gksa ds ek/!e ls gh nh
tk,xh%
!kstuk ds v/khu !g "kh i2k/kku g$ fd vkbZ/vkj/Ih/
ih/ ds yk"kkf<kZ!ksa dh lgdkjh lfefr!ksa dks tks KV
i2fr#kr vuql*f?r tkfrYtutkfr dh gks ,a le*g dh dqy EV
i2fr#kr ln;!rk efgykvksa dh gks dh KV i2fr#kr rd vuqnku
feysxk% !g !kstuk 'u yksxksa ds fy, g$a rks xjh3h js)kk ls
uh?s jgrs g$a% xjh3h js)kk ds ekin:Iksa esa gky gh esa
ifjrZu fd!k x!k g$F r<kk i28!sd nksuks dh vk#!d
;rqvksa dk vkdyu dj js)kk fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ g$% i*Z
esa ekin:I !g <kk fd x2keh:k QksP esa :/ >>VVVY= r<kk
'kgjh QksP esa :/ >>KVVY= ls de kf@kZd vk! kys ifjkj
js)kk ds uh?s le4s tkrs <ks% v3 yx"kx i2fr ln;! WKV :/
i2frekg u ,!! dj ldus kys ifjkj xjh3 ekus tkrs <ks%
bk-jk Zx2keh:k efgyk vk$j 3ky fdkl
!kstuk[ B=
bk-jk !kstuk xjh3h 'ue*yu dk!ZMeksa ds v/khu
efgyk xZ dh lqn`6 3ukus ds fy, !*uhlsQ ds lg!ksx ls
nksuks ds ?qus gq, KV ftyks esa >DJW esa ,d i2k!ksfxd :i
ls akq: dh xbZ <kh r<kk vkAh ia?#khZ! !kstuk ds var rd
nksuks ds l"kh ftyks esa ykx* dj nh xbZ% bl !kstuk dk
i2kjaf"kd yQ! x2ke ;rj ij xjh3 ifjkjksa dh >V ls >K
efgykvksa ds le*gksa dk fuekZ:k djuk g$ ftlls '0gsa 9:k
vk$j gquj i2f#kQk:k lqy"k djk!k tk lds vk$j ; jkstxkj 'kq:
djus ds fy, '0gsa vk/kkj "k*r lgk!rk vk$j udn jkf#k
'iyC/k djkbZ tk lds% !g ekudj ?yk tkrk g$ fd le*g ?ykus
ds lk<k=lk<k efgykvksa dks lk;<!F f#kQkkF f#k#kqF
ns)k"kkyF iks@kkgkjF ;]& is!ty vk$j x2keh:k ;]&rk
t$lh e*y"k*r 3krksa ij vk#!d tkudkjh ,a lsk\, 'iyC/k
djkbZ tk ldsxh%
jkf#k B= !kstuk ds v/khu ,d i$dst ds tfj, efgykvksa dks
Gekblse !kstuk ds v/khu i2f#kQk:k vk$j vkbZ/vkj/Ih/ih/
ds v/khu vuqnku "kh fn!k tk ldrk g$ lk<k gh 'ugsa le*g
ds ek/!e ls >KVVVY=:/ dh jkf#k i2fr le*g ds eku ls f;rkj
deZ?kjh ds lg!ksx ls 'iyC/k djkbZ tkrh g$% efgyk
ln;!ksa esa f<k2-GYMfIG xfrff/k!ksa dks i2ks8lkfgr
djus ds fy, lef0r x2keh:k fdkl dk!ZMe ZvkbZ/vkj/Ih/
ih/[ ds rgr le*g dh 3?r ds 3jk3j vf/kdre >K gtkj :/
esaf?ax va#knku fn!k tkrk gs$% efgyk '8ikndksa ds fy,
ftyk lCykbZ ,a fi:ku lkslkbGh dh ;<kkiuk "kh djkbZ
xbZ g$%
visQkk dh tkrh g$ fd le*gksa Skjk fdlh "kh '8iknd
xfrff/k ds fy, vuqnku dh jkf#k dk b;rseky fd!k tk ldrk g$
r<kk yk"k dk va#k ln;!ksa esa 3k\Gus ds 3kn le*g fuf/k
iquB le*g esa sf@Gr dj nh tkrh g$a% bl !kstuk ds v/khu
@kZ >DDW ls >DDK rd OLDNE le*gksa ds ek/!e ls KDWVWN
efgykvksa dks y"kkf0r fd!k x!k g$%
QksPh! x2keh:k 3$ad Zvkj/vkj/3h/[ B= QksPh!
x2keh:k 3$ad dh ;<kkiuk >DLN dks dh xbZ g$% !s $ls
rks kf:kf+!d 3$ad g$a fd0rq budk eq)! 'nRns#! g$ fd !s
lekt ds detksj xksZ dks gh viuk 9:k igq\?k, t$ls fd
&ksGs ,a d`f@k=etn*jF f#k(idkjF &ksGs ,!klkf!d r<kk
&ksGs=eksGs ,!kikjksa esa yxs gq, yksx 3$ad dk
dk!ZQksP ,d !k nks !k 'lls dq& vf/kd ftys esa gksrk g$%
b0gsa ;<kkfir djus dk i2<ke 'nnRs#! !g <kk fd ftu ftyksa
esa 9:kksa dh )kir 3gqr de <kh v<kk tgk\ lgdkfjrk
vkanksyu "kh i*jh rjg igq\?k ugha <kk gk\ 'uls
'ijks-r xZ ds ,!f-r!ksa dks 9:k i2nk! djk\, tk,\%
fd0rq rZeku esa l"kh ftyksa ds fy, !s 3$ad ;<kkfir fd, x,
g$a ;<kkfir 3$adksa dh la)!k >DN g$%
QksPh! x2keh:k 3$ad dk 'nRns#! B=
>/3$ad lskvksa dks ,sls x2keh:kksa ds Skj rd
igq\?kukF ft0gs v3 rd vlaxfAr 9:kksa dh 'kj:k ysuh
iI7rh g$% x2keh:k 3?rksa dks ,dy djuk vk$j vk$j
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