United S ta tes P a tent [ 1 9 ]

Ma rch
4 , 0 1 4 , 3 2 1
Ma r. 2 9 , 1 9 7 7
[ l l ]
[ 4 5 ]
[ 5 4 ]
NON-INVAS IVE GLUCOS E S ENS OR
S YS TEM
OTHER P UBLICATIONS
Na tu re, v o l . 2 1 4 , J u ne 3 , 1 9 6 7 , p p . 9 8 6 -9 8 8 .
[ 7 6 ] Inv ento r: Wa yne F. Ma rch, 2 5 1 7 Ru gby Ro a d, c If - - ' 1 9 6 3 , 1 9 8 N _ 6 ,
Da yto n, Ohio 4 5 4 0 6 3 2 8 5 1 -3 1 2 1 1 7 1 ? ! Medicine, J u ne, , v o . , 0 , P R
Oct. 6 , Dia betes , V0 1 . 2 1 , 2 , p p . ' P rim a ry Exa m iner-Ky1 e L. Ho w el l
[ 2 1 ] Ap p l ' No " 6 1 9 3 5 4 Atto rney, Agent, o r Firm -A1 ter a nd Weis s
Rel a ted US . Ap p l ica tio n Da ta [ 5 7 ] ' ABS TRACT
[ 6 3 ] Co ntinu a tio n-im p a rt o f S er. No . 5 2 6 , 5 8 1 , No v . 2 5 , u niq u e gl u co s e s ens o r to deter-[ ru ne th-e gl u co S -e l ev el
1 9 7 4 , P a t No _ 3 9 5 8 5 6 0 _ in p a tients , fo r exa m p l e, fo r u s e in trea ting o r dia gno s
ing dia betes . The p a tient s eye is a u to m a tica l l y s ca nned
[ 5 2 ] US . Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 A; 1 2 8 / 2 L; u s ing a du a l s o u rce o f p o l a riz ed ra dia tio n, ea ch tra ns
1 2 8 / 2 T; 3 5 6 / 3 9 m itting a t a different w a v el ength a t o ne s ide o f the
[ 5 1 ] Int. Cl . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6 1 B 5 / 0 0 co rnea o f the p a tient- A s ens o r l o ca ted a t the o ther s ide
[ 5 8 ] Fiel d o f S ea rch . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 A, 2 L, 2 T, 2 E, o f the co rnea detects the o p tica l ro ta tio n o f the ra dia
l 2 8 / 2 . 1 E; 3 5 1 / 9 ; 3 5 6 / 3 9 -4 1 , 5 1 tio n tha t p a s s ed thro u gh the co rnea . The l ev el o f gl u
_ co s e in the bl o o ds trea m o f the p a tient is a fu nctio n o f
[ 5 6 ] References Cited the a m o u nt o f the o p tica l ro ta tio n o f the ra dia tio n
UNITED S TATES P ATENTS detected a t the o ther s ide o f the co rnea o f the p a tient.
_ The res u l t is tra ns m itted to a rem o te receiv er tha t is
3 , 4 1 2 , 7 2 9 1 1 / 1 9 6 8 S m l I-h, J 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 L co u p l ed to a rea do u t dev ice to thereby p ro v ide no n_
3 , 5 1 2 , 5 1 7 5 / 1 9 7 0 Ka dl s h et a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 E - - - - - - -
3 6 3 8 6 4 0 2 / 1 9 7 2 S ha w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 L m ya s l ye gl u co s e determ m a no ns o f high s p ecl ? cl ty a nd
3 , 6 4 8 , 6 8 5 3 / 1 9 7 2 Hep p et a 1 . 1 2 8 / 2 L reha bl htY
3 , 7 6 9 , 9 6 1 1 1 / 1 9 7 3 Fa tt et a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 T
3 , 9 6 3 , 0 1 9 6 / 1 9 7 6 Qu a ndt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 / 2 T 1 5 Cl a im s , 5 Dra w ing Figu res
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3 ) READOUT
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FIGS
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FIG. 2
US . P a tent Ma r. 2 9 , 1 9 7 7 S heet2 0 1 * 2 4 , 0 1 4 , 3 2 1
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FIG. 5
WAVE LENGTH IN MILRONS
4 , 0 1 4 , 3 2 1
1
NON-INVAS IVE GLUCOS E S ENS OR S YS TEM
This inv entio n rel a tes to dia gno s tic a nd/ o r cu ra tiv e
ins tru m ents u til iz ed by m o dern m edicine a nd m o re
p a rticu l a rl y, to no n-inv a s iv e a u to m a tic gl u co s e s ens ing
s ys tem s , a nd is a co ntinu a tio n in p a rt o f m y p a tent
a p p l ica tio n entitl ed NON-INVAS IVE AUTOMATIC
GLUCOS ES ENS ORY S YS TEM, fil ed o n No v . 2 5 ,
1 9 7 4 a nd bea ring' S eria l No . 5 2 6 , 5 8 1 w hich is s u ed a s
U. S . P a t. No . 3 , 9 5 8 , 5 6 0 , o n Ma y 2 5 , I9 7 6 . . .
At the p res ent, to determ ine the a m o u nt o f gl u co s e in
the p a tients s ys tem fo r thereby determ ining w hether o r
no t the p a tient ha s dia betes o r ha s need o f ins u l in, u rine
o r bl o o d s p ecim ens a re exa m ined. It is w el l kno w n tha t
the gl u co s e l ev el v a ries in p eo p l e. It is es p ecia l l y im p o r
ta nt to kno w w ha t the gl u co s e l ev el is in p eo p l e a f
? icted w ith dia betes . In the dia betics the l ev el o ften
rea ches the p o int , w here it is neces s a ry to p ro v ide the
p a tient w ith ins u l in.
The p res ent m etho d o f detecting a nd trea ting dia
betic p a tients ' is fo r the p a tient to p ro v ide the ho s p ita l ,
do cto r o r l a b technicia n w ith the s p ecim ens o f u rine
a nd/ o r bl o o d . w hich a re a na l yz ed. If dia betes is then
fo u nd, ins u l in is p res cribed. S ince the gl u co s e l ev el in
ea ch indiv idu a l is v a ria bl e, the a m o u nt o f ins u l in w hich
the p a tient ta kes do es no t neces s a ril y co rrel a te to the
a v era ge gl u co s e l ev el . No nethel es s , there is no p res ent
m etho d o f rel ia bl y indica ting to the p a tient tha t it is
neces s a ry fo r him to ta ke ins u l in a t a certa in tim e o r fo r
rea dil y determ ining the gl u co s e l ev el in the p a tient s
bl o o d. Thu s , m a ny p a tients do no t ta ke the neces s a ry
ins u l in w hen they rea l l y need it w ith the co ns eq u ent
a dv ers e effects . Al tem a tiv el y, m a ny p a tients ta ke m o re
ins u l in tha n they need a nd s u ffer fro m hyp o gl ycem ia .
Thu s , the p res ent s ys tem s a re ina deq u a te beca u s e,
a m o ng o ther things , they o nl y giv e ins ta nta neo u s rea d
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
ings . Fu rther, the bl o o d s a m p l e m etho d req u ires p u nc- '
tu ring the s kin w ith a hyp o derm ic dev ice w hich is in
co nv enient, tim e co ns u m ing a nd bo thers o m e. Fu rther,
a s p o inted o u t, the bl o o d s u ga r v a ries w idel y w ith v a ri
a bl es in the da il y ro u tine, s u ch a s a cu te il l nes s , diet,
p hys ica l exercis e, etc. This m ea ns , tha t the ro u tine
ins u l in do s e m a y be to ta l l y inco rrect fo r a da y tha t is
no t ro u tine. ,
Acco rdingl y, a n o bj ect o f the p res ent inv entio n is to
p ro v ide co nv enient m etho ds a nd eq u ip m ent fo r co ntin
u o u s l y m o nito ring the co ntro l o f gl u co s e l ev el in dia
betics .
A fu rther o bj ect o f the p res ent inv entio n is to p ro v ide
s ens itiv e, no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r m ea ns w hich ca n
dia gno s e new ca s es o f dia betes .
Yet a no ther o bj ect o f the p res ent inv entio n is to
p ro v ide gl u co s e s ens ing dev ices tha t giv e a u to m a tic
rea do u ts s ho w ing ho w m u ch gl u co s e is p res ent s o tha t
a p ers o n w ith a m inim u m o f tra ining, s u ch a s the p a
tient him s el f, o r a s im p l e co m p u ter ca n rel ia bl y deter
m ine the dia betic co ntro l , a nd therefo re, kno w w hether
o r no t to a dm inis ter ins u l in.
-_ S til l a no ther, o bj ect o f the p res ent inv entio n is to
p ro v ide gl u co s e s ens ing dev ices o f p rev io u s l y u nhea rd
o f s p eci? city. -
In a cco rda nce w ith a p referred em bo dim ent o f the
inv entio n a v a ria tio n o f s a ccha rim etry is u s ed to , deter
m ine the p res ence' a nd l ev el o f gl u co s e in the p a tient s
bl o o d. A co nta ct l ens s ha p ed to ? t o v er the co rnea is
p ro v ided w ith bu il t-in co l l im a ted ra dia tio n s o u rces ,
s u ch a s du a l l a s er tra ns m itters o n o ne s ide thereo f a nd
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 5
2
a ' detecto r o n the o ther s ide. The l a s er bea m s a re tra ns
m itted thro u gha ? rs tp o l a ro id ? l ter. A s eco nd p o l a ro id
? l ter ro ta ted w ith res p ect to the? rs t ? l ter is p ro v ided
in fro nt. o f the detecto r A p o w er s o u rce is a l s o m o u nted
in the co nta ct l ens . The l a s er tra ns m itters a re a im ed to
ca u s e the ra dia tio n to p a s s thro u gh the' co rnea a nd the
a q u eo u s hu m o r to the detecto r. A tel em etry tra ns m it
ter is m o u nted a dj a cent to the detecto r a nd co u p l ed
thereto fo r tra ns m itting a s igna l tha t is a fu nctio n o f the
o p tica l ro ta tio n o f the l a s erbea m ca u s ed by the gl u
co s e. A rem o te receiv er fu nctio ns to receiv e the s igna l
tra ns m itted a nd co u p l es tha t s igna l to a rea do u t dev ice
w hich a u to m a tica l l y p ro v ides a rea do u t determ ina tiv e
o f the gl u co s e co ntent in the a q u eo u s hu m o r w hich is
directl y p ro p o rtio na l to the gl u co s e co ntent o f the
bl o o d. .
Thes e a nd o ther p ro j ects a nd fea tu res o f the inv en
tio n w il l be no w exp l a ined w ith the a id o f the a cco m p a
nying dra w ings , in w hich:
FIG. 1 is a fro nt v iew o f the p a tient s eyeba l l ha v ing
a co nta ct l ens thereo n w hich is eq u ip p ed w ith the gl u
co s e s ens o r s ys tem ;
FIG. 2 is a s ide v iew o f the eyeba l l o f FIG. 1 ha v ing
the l ens thereo n w ith the no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r
s ys tem m o u nted thereto ; .
FIG. 3 is a bl o ck dia gra m s ho w ing o f a receiv ing
s ys tem p ro v iding a rea do u t o f the gl u co s e co ntent a s
determ ined by the no n-inv a s iv e s ens o r s ys tem ;
FIG. 4 is a s im p l i? ed s chem a tic o f the gl u co s e s ens o r
s ys tem ; a nd
FIG. 5 is a gra p h il l u s tra ting the o p tica l ro ta ry dis p er
s io n o f a 1 0 % gl u co s e s o l u tio n to a id in u nders ta nding
the inv entio n. . ,
As s ho w n in FIGS . 1 a nd 2 , the eye, genera l l y s ho w n
a s 1 1 , is eq u ip p ed w ith a no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r
s ys tem , genera l l y s ho w n a s 1 2 . The gl u co s e s ens o r
s ys tem is m o u nted into a co nta ct l ens 1 3 . The co nta ct
l ens is p referra bl y a s o ft s cl era l co nta ct l ens w hich
p erm its v is ibl e l ight to p a s s bu t no infra red. The l ens
? ts o v er the co rnea a nd p a rt o f the s cl era l 2 7 , co v ering
the iris 1 4 .
As ca n be s een, p a rticu l a rl y, in FIG. 2 , the co rnea 1 0
co v ering the iris l 4 a nd the p u p il 1 S res em bl es - a
m o u nd in tha t it ha s a different ra diu s o f cu rv a tu re; a nd
therefo re, ris es a bo v e the l ev el o f the res t o f the eye
ba l l . The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem is s ho w n
m o u nted a t the p erip hery o f the iris . Ra dia tio n s o u rce
m ea ns a re p ro v ided. Fo r exa m p l e, a ra dia tio n s o u rce
1 6 incl u ding ra dia tio n tra ns m itters 1 6 a a nd 1 6 b a re
s ho w n m o u nted inthe co nta ct l ens a t o ne s ide o f the
iris ? tted w ith a p o l a riz ing ? l ter 2 3 . The s o u rces s ho w n
em it infra red ra dia tio n s ho w n a t 1 7 , w hich p a s s es
thro u gh a s eco nd p o l a riz ing ? l ter 2 4 a nd is receiv ed by
the infra red ra dia tio n detecto r 1 8 . The a m o u nt o f ra di
a tio n receiv e by the infra red ra dia tio n detecto r 1 8 is a
fu nctio n o f the gl u co s e in the p a tient s bl o o d.
Al s o , s ho w n is a p o w er s o u rce 1 9 m o u nted in the
co nta ct l ens w hich m a y be a ny w el l kno w n s m a l l nickel
ca dm iu m ba ttery; fo r exa m p l e, co u p l ed to the s o u rce
1 6 a nd to detecto r 1 8 to p ro v ide it w ith the neces s a ry
p o w er.
One p referra bl e s o u rce o f infra red ra dia tio n is a ga l
l iu m a rs enide indiu m l a s er. Tw o l a s ers m a y be u s ed to
genera te infra red ra dia tio n a t tw o w a v el engths , s u ch a s
0 . 9 8 a nd 0 . 7 8 m icro n. An a dv a nta ge o f u s ing tw o l a s er
bea m s o f different w a v el engths is tha t tel em etering the
ra tio o f ra dia tio n detected a t the tw o . w a v el engths in
crea s es the s p eci? cityo f the eq u ip m ent thereby p re
4 , 0 1 4 , 3 2 1
3
cl u ding erro rs du e to o ther s u bs ta nces , s u ch a s l a cta te,
in the a q u eo u s . Ea ch s u bs ta nce ca u s es its o w n cha ra c
- teris tic o p tica l a ctiv ity a t ea ch different w a v el ength.
The p o l a riz ing ? l ters in a p referred em bo dim ent o f
the inv entio n a re Gl a n-Tho m p s o n typ e p ris m s . The "
em itters u s ed a re m o del s F1 ? 3 2 5 circu its a nd the s il i
co n detecto r u s ed to a typ e DDV 3 2 5 circu it a s p ro
v ided by Meret, Inc. o f S a nta Mo nica , Ca l ifo rnia . It
s ho u l d be u nders to o d tha t o ther ra dia tio n em itting,
? l tering, a nd detecting m ea ns a re w ithin the s co p e o f
the inv entio n. >
The detecto r 1 8 is s ho w n a t the o ther s ide o f the iris
m o u nted in the co nta ct l ens . When the l a s er bea m s
p a s s thro u gh the a q u eo u s hu m o r, they a re o p tica l l y
ro ta ted a s a fu nctio n o f the gl u co s e therein. Therefo re,
the infra red ra dia tio n tha t is receiv ed is a fu nctio n o f
the s u ga r co ntent. The ro ta tio n o ccu rs beca u s e the
hydro xyl in gl u co s e a bs o rbs the p o l a riz ed infra red
bea m in a n o p tica l l y a ctiv e m a nner, thereby ro ta ting
the bea m .
Mea ns a re p ro v ided fo r tra ns m itting the detected
o u tp u t. Mo re p a rticu l a rl y, a tra ns m itter 2 8 s ends the
detected s igna l thro u gh a ntenna 2 1 . The detected s ig
na l is receiv ed a t a ' receiv er, s u ch a s receiv er' 2 9 . As
s chem a tica l l y s ho w n in FIG. 3 the s igna l fro m the re
ceiv er is a m p l i? ed a t a m p l i? er 3 1 w hich is co nnected
to a l o gic a nd rea do u t dev ice 3 2 .
As s ho w n in FIG. 4 a n o s cil l a to r circu it 2 5 is em bed~
ded w ithin the co nta ct l ens fo r the p u rp o s e o f p u l s ing
the l a s er circu its . .
One p referred em bo dim ent u til iz ed a 5 0 na no s eco nd
p u l s e ev ery m il l is eco nd. This rel a tiv el y l a rge p u l s ew ith
a nd freq u ency ba nd ca n effectiv el y be p o w ered by
ba tteries req u iring o nl y 3 0 0 m il l iw a tts to p ro du ce 6
w a tts o f ra dia tio n. The p u l s e ra tes a re the s a m e fo r bo th
l a s ers , bu t the p u l s es a re m a de to o ccu r a t different
p o ints o f the cycl e to a v o id a ny co nfu s io n.
Am p l ifying circu its w ithin the tra ns m itter 2 8 a m p l ify
the detected s igna l p rio r to the tra ns m is s io n thro u gh
co il 2 1 . It s ho u l d be u nders to o d tha t a s im p l e tra ns m it
ting circu it is s ho w n. Ho w ev er, m o re co m p l ica ted s ys
tem s u s ing m o du l a tio n a re w ithin the s co p e o f the in
v entio n.
The circu it o f a s u ita bl e p ha s el o ck tel em etry re
ceiv er, s u ch a s s chem a tica l l y s ho w n in FIG. 3 is de
s cribed in a bo o k entitl ed BIOMEDICAL TELEME
TRY by R. S . Ma cka y p u bl is hed by J o hn Wil ey & S o ns ,
v Inc. in 1 9 7 0 . The l o gic dev ice 2 9 m a y be m o del 7 5 6
circu it a v a il a bl e fro m Ana l o g Dev ices , Inc. in No r
1 0
2 0
2 5
4
0 . 1 1 0 .
w herein:
c =Co ncentra tio n o f gl u co s e in %
a , =Op tica l ro ta tio n in degrees a t 0 . 9 8 m icro n
' a 2 =Op tica l ro ta tio n in degrees a t 0 . 7 8 m icro n
k =P ro p o rtio na l ity co ns ta nt ,
II =Am p l itu de o f tel em etry s igna l res u l ting fro m
l a s er o p era ting a t a w a v el ength o f 0 . 9 8 m icro n
I2 =Am p l itu de o f tel em etry s igna l res u l ting fro m
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
6 0
l a s er o p era ting a t a w a v el ength o f 0 . 7 8 m icro n
S TEP EQUATION DERIVATION
A co s ' a =I Fro m P o l a riz ed Li t
W A. S hu rcl iff a nd
S S . Ba l l a rd,
Va n No s tra nd ,
p 6 7 , I9 6 4 .
B co s a j im tz e? Identity
_ ez ia -l - 5 ' 2 "! 1
C co s a 4 +T
ez ia ' i' fz n +1 . . - 1 Fro m A a nd C
4 2 _
el iv ez m z 1 1 ( 1 - 1 ) 1
D _ In [ 2 1 +2 il gl -i) 1 ]
G .
2 :
bu t
Ekc. =a
a nd
k, =0 . 0 9 o , 1 < , =0 . 0 3 5 . . . Exp erim enta l l y determ ined
_ a 1 _ 0 ' 2
c _ 0 . 0 5 5
In [ 2 1 , +2 MI, l ) 1 ] In [ 2 I, +2 M1 , ? 1 ) l ]
c: 2 " _ 2 i '
0 . 0 5 5
S u bs titu ting fo r a fro m s tep D.
In FIG. 4 the o s cil l a to r 2 5 is s ho w n co nnected to the
p o w er s u p p l y 1 9 thro u gh z ener regu l a to r 3 6 . The p u l s e
s igna l s a re co nnected to the l a s er em itting circu its 1 6 .
The l a s er bea m 1 7 p a s s es thro u gh the p o l a riz ing ? l ter
2 3 o f the em itter u nit 1 6 a nd to the p o l a riz ing u nit 2 4
o f the detecto r 1 8 . '
In a p referred em bo dim ent o f the, inv entio n, o ne o f
the l a s ers o p era tes a t 0 . 9 8 m icro ns a s indica ted by Ll
w o o d, Ma s s a chu s etts . The l o gic dev ice is u s ed to deter- 6 5 o n the gra p h o f FIG. 5 . The o ther l a s er o p era tes a t 0 . 7 8
m ine the co ncentra tio n o f gl u co s e fro m the tel em etry
s igna l s . The dev ice s o l v es the , fo l l o w ing eq u a tio n,
w ho s e deriv a tio n is s ho w n a s fo l l o w s ;
m icro ns a s indica ted by L2 o n the gra p h.
The gra p h w a s deriv ed by exp erim enta tio n u s ing a
1 0 % gl u co s e s o l u tio n. This co m p a res to a no rm a l gl u
4 , 0 1 4 , 3 2 1
5
co s e co ncentra tio n in the a q u eo u s hu m o ro f 0 . 1 %. It
s ho u l d be no ted tha t it ha s been fo u nd' tha t a t 0 . 9 8
m icro n the o p tica l ro ta tio n ca u s ed by o ther s u bs ta nces
in the a q u eo u s hu m o r, s u ch a s l a cta te, is p ra ctica l l y
negl igibl e. The o p tica l ro ta tio n ca u s ed in the exp eri
m enta l gl u co s e s o l u tio n a t 0 . 9 8 m icro n w a s fo u nd to be
1 8 ( S ee FIG. 5 ) . The o p tica l ro ta tio n a t 0 . 7 8 m icro n
w a s fo u nd to be a p p ro xim a tel y 7 . The ra dia tio n in the
exp erim ent w ent thro u gh a tu be 2 decim eters in l ength.
S ince this tu be is a p p ro xim a tel y 2 0 tim es the l enth o f
the co rnea , a fa cto r o f o ne-tw entieth m u s t be inco rp o
ra ted in the co ns ta nt. Then the eq u a tio n s o l v ed by the
l o gic bl o ck o f FIG. 3 giv es the co ncentra tio n o f the
gl u co s e in the a q u eo u s hu m o r.
Mea ns a re p ro v ided fo r s creening o u t extra neo u s
infra red ra dia tio n. Mo re p a rticu l a rl y, the co nta ct l ens
p referra bl y ha s different a dditiv es m ixed in the p l a s tic
du ring the m a nu fa ctu ring o f the l ens . This p ro du ces a
l ens m a teria l tha t is o p a q u e to infra red, bu t p o s s es s es
o nl y a s l ight bl u e tint. The co m p o nents o f the no n-inv a
s iv e gl u co s e s ys tem a re p l a ced in the p l a s tic a s it is
cu red.
The co l l im a ted p o l a riz ed ra dia tio n is tra ns m itted
thro u gh the gl u co s e co nta ining a q u eo u s a nd is ro ta ted,
v a rying the a m o u nt o f ra dia tio n p a s s ing thro u gh the
receiv ing p ris m to the detecto r. S igna l s indica ting the
a m o u nt o f l ight a re tra ns m itted thro u gh a receiv er to a
l o gic circu it w hich is s et to s o l v e a n eq u a tio n p ro v iding
a n ins ta nta neo u s rea do u t o f the co ncentra tio n o f the
gl u co s e in the a q u eo u s .
Thu s , the no n-inv a s iv e m etho d a nd eq u ip m ent de
s cribed herein in o p era tio n detects the gl u co s e co ncen
tra tio n ins ta nta neo u s l y in the a q u eo u s hu m o r o f the eye
in v iv o by m ea s u ring the o p tica l ro ta tio n a t tw o w a v e
l engths o f p o l a riz ed l ight detected thro u gh the a nterio r
cha m ber o f the eye. '
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
Whil e the p rincip l es o f the inv entio n ha v e been de- ,
s cribed a bo v e in co nnectio n w ith s p eci? c a p p a ra tu s
a nd a p p l ica tio ns , it is to - be u nders to o d tha t this de
s crip tio n is m a de by w a y o f exa m p l e, a nd no t a s a l im i
ta tio n o n the s co p e o f the inv entio n.
I cl a im : ' - I
1 . A no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem fo r deter
m ining the s u ga r co ntent in a ' u s er s bl o o d,
s a id s ys tem co m p ris ing ra dia tio n em itting m ea ns fo r
em itting ra dia tio n o f certa in w a v el engths ,
ra dia tio n detecting m ea ns fo r detecting the em itted
ra dia tio n,
s a id ra dia tio n detecting m ea ns s p a ced a p a rt fro m bu t
in l ine w ith s a id ra dia tio n em itting m ea ns ,
m ea ns fo r m o u nting s a id ra dia tio n em itting m ea ns
a nd ra dia tio n detecting m ea ns s o tha t s a id ra dia
tio n is ca p a bl e o f being tra ns m itted thro u gh the
co rnea o f the u s er s eye, a nd
ena bl ing m ea ns fo r ena bl ing s a id detecting m ea ns to
determ ine the o p tica l ro ta tio n o f the ra dia tio n o c
cu rring in the co rnea .
2 . The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 1
w herein s a id ena bl ing m ea ns co m p ris es a n o p tica l p o
l a riz ing s ys tem ,
s a id o p tica l p o l a riz ing s ys tem incl u ding ? rs t p o l a riz
ing m ea ns fo r p o l a riz ing s a id em itted ra dia tio n
p rio r to the tra ns m is s io n thereo f thro u gh the co r
nea , a nd I ' v " ' -
s eco nd p o l a riz ing m ea ns m o u nted o n the detecto r
s ide o f s a id co rnea a nd ro ta ted w ith res p ect to s a id
? rs t p o l a riz ing m ea ns .
4 0
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
- v 7 . The no n-inv a s iv e
3 . The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 1
w herein s a id ra dia tio n em itting m ea ns co m p ris es a p a ir
o f l a s er em itters o p era ting a t different w a v el engths .
4 . The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 1
w herein s a id m ea ns fo r m o u nting s a id ra dia tio n em it
ting m ea ns a nd s a id ra dia tio n detecting m ea ns co m
p ris es co nta ct l ens m ea ns . .
5 _ . > The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 4
w herein s a id co nta ct l ens m ea ns a reo p a q u e to infra red
ra dia tio n a nd w herein the ra dia tio n tra v el ing fro m s a id
ra dia tio n em itting m ea ns to s a id ra dia tio n detecting
m ea ns do es no t p a s s thro u gh s a id co nta ct l ens m ea ns .
6 . The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 5
w herein s a id co nta ct l ens m ea ns is a s o ft s cl era l co nta ct
l ens . . . _
gl u co s es ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 1
w herein m ea ns a re p ro v ided fo r tra ns m itting a s igna l
tha t is a fu nctio n o f the detected ra dia tio n o bta ined
fro m s a id ra dia tio n detecto r m ea ns . a nd receiv ing
m ea ns fo r receiv ing s a id-tra ns m itted s igna l to p ro v ide
a n indica tio n o f the. gl u co s e co ntent o f the u s er s bl o o d.
8 . The no n-inv a s iv e gl u co s e s ens o r s ys tem o f cl a im 7
w herein s a id receiv ing m ea ns incl u des l o gic m ea ns fo r
p ro v iding the s o l u tio n to the fo l l o w ing eq u a tio n:
In [ 2 1 1 +2 1 1 G, I) l ]
c:
0 . 1 1
1 . 1 1 2 8 1 , +2 . . 1 . 0 , 1 ) l ]
_ , 0 . 1 1 - _
w herein: '
c =Co ncentra tio n o f gl u co s e in % "
a , =Op tica l ro ta tio n in degrees ' a t 0 . 9 8 m icro n
o n =Op tica l ro ta tio n in degrees a t 0 . 7 8 m icro n
k =P ro p o rtio na l ity co ns ta nt '
I1 =Am p l itu de o f tel em etry s igna l res u l ting fro m l a s er
o p era ting a t a w a v el ength o f 0 . 9 8 m icro n
1 2 ' =Am p l itu de o f tel em etry s igna l res u l ting fro m
l a s er o p era ting a t a w a v el ength o f 0 . 7 8 m icro n
S TEP EQUATION DERIVATION
A co s a =I Fro m P o l a riz ed Light
W. A. S hu rcl i? ' a nd
S . S . Ba l l a rd;
Va n No s tra nd ,
p 6 7 , 1 9 6 4 .
B co s a eia +2 e_ m Identity
C 2 _ eZiu q . e-Zl a J
4 , -0 1 -4 3 2 1
7
k. =0 . 9 0 ' , k, =0 . 0 3 5 . . . Exp erim enta l l yidetennined
c: 0 . 0 5 5 I
v : ' S u bs titu ting fo r a fro m s tep D.
9 . A m etho d o f o bta ining the s u ga r co ntent o f a ' p er
s o n no n-inv a s iv el yQ " ' ' '
s a id m etho d co m p ris ing the s tep s o f:
J genera ting a p a ir o f ra dia tio n ra ys a nd p o l a riz ing s a id
' 5 p a ir o f ra dia tio n ra ys ; ' v '
tra ns m itting s a id p o l a riz ed ra dia tio n ra ys thro u gh the
co rnea o f a p a tient s eye; - ' ' '
? l tering s a id p o l a riz ed ra dia tio n ra ys receiv edfro m
s a id co rnea thro u gh a p o l a riz ed ? l ter; a nd
detecting the ? l tered p o l a riz ed ra dia tio n ra ys w hich
' ha v e been p a s s edithro u gh the co rnea o f the p a
tients eyes ; a nd " = <
tra ns l a ting the detected ra dia tio n ra ys to o bta in a
rea do u t indica tiv e o f the s u ga r co ntent o f the p a
1 0 . The m etho d o f cl a im 9 w herein s a id p a ir o f ra dia
tio n ra ys co m p ris es a ? rs t ra dia tio n m y ha v ing a w a v e
l ength o f 0 . 9 8 m icro n a nd a s eco nd ra dia tio n ra y ha v
ing a w a v el ength o f 0 . 7 8 m icro n.
1 1 . The m etho d o f cl a im 9 incl u ding the s tep o f
bl o cking o u t extra neo u s infra red ra dia tio n. I .
' 1 2 . The m etho d o f cl a im 9 w herein s a id ra dia tio n
I5
2 0
2 5
3 0
w herein: I I
8
m o u ntingi' s a idtra dia tio n genera ting a nd tra ns m itting
m ea ns t' a ndo p tica l ro ta tio n detecting m ea ns a s w el l
w a s tra ns m itter m ea ns o nto a co nta ct l ens a nd p l a c
ing the co nta ct l ens in the . p a tient s eyel
1 4 . The m etho d o f cl a im 9 incl u ding the s tep s o f:
tra ns m itting a s igna l tha t is a fu nctio n' o f the detected
ra dia tio n; ' I_ I
receiv ing the s igna l tha t is a fu nctio n o f the detected
s igna l ; a nd _ I I " _ I
tra ns l a ting the receiv ed s igna l into a digita l rea do u t
indica tiv e o f the s u ga r co ntent o f the ' p ers o n s
bl o o d. ' ' ' -
1 5 . The m etho d o f cl a im 1 4 w herein s a id tra ns l a ting
co m p ris es s o l v ing the' eq u a tio n:
0 . 1 1 v 0 . 1 1
c =Co ncentra tio n o f gl u co s e in' % . i
a :l _ I=_ Op tica l ' ro ta tio n ind egrees a t, 0 . 9 8 m icro n
a , =Op tica l , p ro ta tio n in degrees a t 0 . 7 8 m icro n
ra ys a re tra ns m itted fo r 5 0 na no s eco nds ev ery m il l is ec- 3 5 k~~=_ _ p ro p o r. u o na hty co ns ta nt - . ' ' .
o m i I I VI I p _ I I1 - Am p l itu de o f tel em etry s igna l res u l ting fro m
' 1 3 . The m etho d o f cl a im 1 2 incl u ding the s tep o f: 1 3 8 "" P Fa m g a a fa v tl engih 9 f 0 ' 9 3 "9 cm "
_ H ' ' I I, =Am p l itu de o f tel em etry s igna l res u l tl ng fro m
" ' ' i l a s er o p era ting a t a w a v el ength o f 0 . 7 8 m icro n
S TEP EQUATl ON ' " DERIVATION
A o o s a =I Fro m P o l a riz ed a Linight
W. A. S hu rcl iff
- S . S . =Ba l l a rd,
Vo n No s tra nd Co . ,
_ p . 6 7 ,
co m _ _ eio q . 2 8 -1 0 1 Identity
C co s a b-l 2 exa l t-2 n +%
Za ne-Zia +-%-=1 ' . l ~' ro m A&Cv
2 i< 1 =2 1 +2 1 1 ( 1 - 1 ) -1
D 2 i
bu t '
E I kc =a
a nd
s :r z c =a .
' l gc kz z c =1 1 , a , S u btra cting G fro m F
kl =0 . 9 0 , k, =0 . 0 3 5 I Exp erim enta l l y determ ined
I a
II
. c O m m
S u bs titu ting fo r a fro m '
i " . v j Is ? eP Dq r _ , y . I
0 0 5 5 -" -