Lactation Risk Categories Pregnancy Risk Categories

L1 (Paling Aman)
L2 (Aman)
L3 (Cukup Aman)
L4 (Kemungkinan Barbahaya)
L5 (Kontra Indikasi)
A (studi terkontrol menunjukkan tanpa resiko)
B (tidak ada bukti risiko pada manusia)
C (risiko tidak dapat dikesampingkan)
D (bukti positif resiko)
X (dikontraindikasikan untuk Ibu Hamil)

Generic name Trade Name AAP approved?*
Pregnancy
Risk
Category**
Lactation
Risk
Category**
Analgesics (Pain-killers) [more]
Acetaminophen Tylenol Approved/diseujui B L1
Colchicine Colchicine Approved D L4
Nefopam Acupan Approved - NR
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) [more]
Azapropazone (apazone) Rheumox Approved - L2
Dipyrone (banned in the US &
UK)
- Approved - NR
Flufenamic acid - Approved - NR
Ibuprofen
Advil, Nuprin,
Motrin, Pediaprofin
Approved
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
D (3rd trim.)
L1
Indomethacin Indocin Approved
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
D (3rd trim.)
L3
Ketorolac Toradol, Acular Approved
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
D (3rd trim.)
L2
Mefenamic acid Ponstan, Ponstel Approved - NR
Naproxen
Anaprox, Naprosyn,
Naproxen, Aleve
Approved B
L3
L4 (for chronic
use)
Phenylbutazone Butazolidine Approved - NR
Piroxicam Feldene Approved B L2
Suprofen Profenal Approved - NR
Tolmetin Tolectin Approved C L3
Narcotic analgesics [more]
Butorphanol Stadol Approved
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
D (3rd trim.)
L3
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3
Fentanyl Sublimaze Approved B L2
Meperidine Demerol Approved B
L2
L3 (if used
early
postpartum)
Methadone Dolophine Approved B L3
Morphine Morphine Approved B L3
Propoxyphene
Darvocet N,
Propacet, Darvon
Approved C L2
Anesthesia, Anesthetics [more] [contents]
Halothane Fluothane Approved C L2
Lidocaine Xylocaine Approved C L2
Methohexital Brevital Approved B L3
Thiopental Pentothal Approved C L3
Antacids, GI meds [contents]
Cimetidine (Antacid) Tagamet Approved B L2
Cisapride (GI tract stimulant) Propulsid Approved C L2
Domperidone (used for nausea &
vomiting, stimulates lactation)
[more]
Motilum Approved - L1
Antibiotics [contents]
Amoxicillin Larotid, Amoxil Approved B L1
Aztreonam Azactam Approved B L2
Cefadroxil Ultracef, Duricef Approved B L1
Cefazolin Ancef, Kefzol Approved B L1
Cefotaxime Claforan Approved B L2
Cefoxitin Mefoxin Approved B L1
Cefprozil Cefzil Approved C L1
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime, Fortaz,
Taxidime
Approved B L1
Ceftriaxone Rocephin Approved B L2
Ciprofloxacin [more] Cipro Approved C L3
Clindamycin Cleocin Approved B L3
Erythromycin
E-Mycin, Ery-tab,
ERYC, Ilosone
Approved B
L1
L3 early
postnatal
Fleroxacin - Approved - NR
Gentamicin Garamycin Approved C L2
Kanamycin Kebecil, Kantrex Approved D L2
Moxalactam Moxam Approved - NR
Nitrofurantoin Macrobid Approved B L2
Ofloxacin Floxin Approved C L2
Penicillin - Approved B L1
Streptomycin Streptomycin Approved D L3
Sulbactam - Approved - NR
Sulfisoxazole
Gantrisin, Azo-
Gantrisin
Approved C L2
Tetracycline
Achromycin,
Sumycin,
Terramycin
Approved D L2
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin, Ticar,
Timentin
Approved B L1
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Proloprim, Trimpex Approved C L3
Anticoagulants [contents]
Bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) - Approved - NR
Warfarin
Coumadin,
Panwarfin
Approved D L2
Anticonvulsants [contents]
Carbamazepine Tegretol, Epitol Approved C L2
Ethosuximide Zarontin Approved C L4
Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1
Phenytoin Dilantin Approved D L2
Valproic acid
Depakene,
Depakote
Approved D L2
Antifungals [contents]
Fluconazole [more] Diflucan Approved C L2
Ketoconazole
Nizoral Shampoo,
Nizoral
Approved C L2
Antihistamines [more] [contents]
Dexbrompheniramine maleate
with d-isoephedrine
- Approved - NR
Fexofenadine Allegra Approved C L2
Loratadine Claritin Approved B L1
Terfenadine Seldane Approved - NR
Triprolidine Actidil, Actifed Approved C L1
Antivirals [contents]
Acyclovir [more] Zovirax Approved C L2
Interferon-alpha [more]
Alferon N,
Interferon Alpha
Approved C L2
Arthritis meds (see also: pain meds) [contents]
Gold salts
Ridaura,
Myochrysine,
Solganal
Approved C L5
Asthma meds (see also: steroids) [contents]
Dyphylline
Dilor, Lufyllin,
Dyphylline
Approved C L3
Terbutaline Bricanyl, Brethine Approved B L2
Theophylline
Aminophylline,
Quibron, Theo-Dur
Approved C L3
Contraceptives, Hormones [more] [contents]
Estradiol
Estratab, Permarin,
Menest
Approved X
L3 (may
interfere with
milk
production)
Clogestone - Approved - NR
Contraceptive pill with
estrogen/progesterone
Preven, Seasonale,
Norinyl, Norlestin,
Ortho-Novum,
Ovral, Lunelle
injection, Ortho-
Evra patch, etc.
Approved X
L3 (may
interfere with
milk
production)
Levonorgestrel
Norplant, Mirena,
Plan B
Approved X L2
Medroxyprogesterone
Provera, Depo-
Provera, Cycrin
Approved D
L1
L4 (if used
first 3 days
postpartum)
Norethynodrel Enovid Approved X L2
Progesterone
Crinone,
Prometrium
Approved - L3
Cough meds [more] [contents]
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3
Noscapine - Approved - NR
Decongestants [more] [contents]
Pseudoephedrine
Sudafed, Halofed,
Novafed, Actifed
Approved C
L3 (for acute
use)
L4 (for chronic
use)
Diabetes meds [contents]
Note: Insulin has not been reviewed by the AAP. Pregnancy risk category = B; Lactation risk category =
L1.
Tolbutamide Oramide, Orinase Approved D L3
Diarrhea meds [contents]
Loperamide
Imodium, Pepto
Diarrhea Control,
Maalox
Approved B L2
Antidiarrheal
Caplets, Kaopectate
II Caplets,
Immodium
Advanced
** Note: Pepto-Bismol & Kaopectate (bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in both) are not
recommended for routine use by nursing moms, due to the association of salicylates with Reyes
syndrome in children. [more]
Diuretics [contents]
Acetazolamide Dazamide, Diamox Approved C L2
Bendroflumethiazide Naturetin Approved D
L4 (may
inhibit
lactation)
Chlorothiazide Hydrodiuril Approved D L3
Chlorthalidone Hygroton Approved D L3
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrodiuril, Esidrix,
Oretic
Approved D L2
Spironolactone Aldactone Approved D L2
Galactagogues (milk supply) [more] [contents]
Domperidone Motilum Approved - L1
Heart, Blood Pressure meds
(Antiarrhythmics, Antihypertensives, Cardiac stimulants)
[contents]
Antiarrhythmics
Disopyramide Norpace, Napamide Approved C L2
Flecainide Tambocor Approved C L3
Mexiletine Mexitil Approved B L2
Procainamide Pronestyl, Procan Approved C L3
Quinidine
Quinaglute,
Quinidex
Approved C L2
Antihypertensives
Captopril Capoten Approved D
L3 (if used
after 30 days)
Diltiazem/Diltiazem HCL
Cardizem Sr,
Dilacor-XR,
Diltiazem, Cardizem
CD
Approved C L3
Enalapril/Enalapril Maleate Vasotec Approved
C (1st trim.)
D (2nd, 3rd
trim.)
L2
Hydralazine Apresoline Approved C L2
Labetalol
Trandate,
Normodyne
Approved C L2
Methyldopa Aldomet Approved C L2
Metoprolol
Toprol XL,
Lopressor
Approved B L3
Minoxidil
Loniten, Minodyl,
Rogaine
Approved C
L2 (topically)
L3 (orally)
Nadolol Corgard, Nadolol Approved C L4
Nifedipine Adalat, Procardia Approved C L2
Oxprenolol
Apsolox, Slow-
Trasicor, Trasicor
Approved - NR
Propranolol Inderol Approved C L2
Sotalol Betapace Approved B L3
Timolol Blocadren Approved C L2
Verapamil
Calan, Isoptin,
Covera-HS
Approved C L2
Cardiac stimulants
Digoxin Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps Approved C L2
Laxatives [more] [contents]
Cascara/Cascara Sagrada - Approved C L3
Danthron - Approved - NR
Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1
Senna - Approved - L3
Malaria meds [contents]
Chloroquine
Aralen, Novo-
chloroquine
Approved C L3
Hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil Approved C L2
Pyrimethamine Daraprim Approved C L4
Quinine Quinamm Approved D L2
Medical Testing [more] [contents]
Diatrizoate - Approved - NR
Fluorescein - Approved C L3
Gadopentetic (Gadolinium) - Approved C L2
Iohexol Omnipaque Approved B L2
Iopanoic acid Telepaque Approved D L2
Metrizamide Amipaque Approved B L2
Metrizoate Isopaque Approved B L2
Migraine meds (see also: pain meds) [more] [contents]
Sumatriptan Imitrex Approved C L3
Sedatives [more] [contents]
Chloral hydrate Aquachloral, Noctec Approved C L3
Methyprylon (withdrawn from use
in US & Canada)
- Approved - NR
Bromide - Approved D L5
Secobarbital Seconal Approved D L3
Sleep Aids [contents]
Zolpidem/Zolpidem Tartrate Ambien Approved B L3
Steroids [contents]
Methylprednisolone
[ high dosage
methylprednisolone]
Solu-Medrol, Depo-
Medrol, Medrol
Approved C L2
Prednisolone - Approved C L2
Prednisone
Deltasone,
Meticorten, Orasone
Approved C L2
Thyroid meds [more] [contents]
Carbimazole - Approved D L3
Methimazole (active metabolite of
carbimazole)
Tapazole Approved D L3
Propylthiouracil PTU Approved D L2
Thiouracil - Approved - NR
Levothyroxine
Synthroid,
Levothroid, Thyroid,
Levo-T, Levoxyl
Approved A L1
Tuberculosis meds [contents]
Cycloserine Seromycin Approved C L3
Ethambutol
Ethambutol,
Myambutol
Approved B L2
Isoniazid INH, Laniazid Approved C L3
Rifampin Rifadin, Rimactane Approved C L2
Vitamins [more] [contents]
B-1 (thiamin) - Approved - NR
B-12 (Cyanocobalamin) - Approved A L1
B-6 (pyridoxine) - Approved A
L2; L4 in high
doses (may
inhibit
lactation)
D, vitamin Calciferol, Delta-d Approved A
L3 (do not
overdose)
Folic acid - Approved
A (1st, 2nd
trim.)
C (3rd trim.)
L1
K-1, vitamin (Phytonadione) - Approved C L1
Riboflavin/B
2
- Disetujui A L1
Miscellaneous [contents]
Acitretin (Anti-psoriasis) Soriatane Disetujui - NR
Alcohol/Ethanol [more] - Disetujui D L3
Allopurinol Zyloprim, Lopurin Disetujui C L2
Antimony - Disetujui - NR
Atropine (Anticholinergic, drying
agent)
Belladonna,
Atropine
Disetujui C L3
Azapropazone/apazone
(Antirheumatic)
Rheumox Disetujui - L2
Baclofen (muscle relaxant) Lioresal, Atrofen Disetujui C L2
Barbiturate - Disetujui - NR
Caffeine [more]
Vivarin, NoDoz,
Coffee
Disetujui B L2
Carbetocin (Antihemorrhagic) Duratocin Disetujui - NR
Chloroform - Disetujui - NR
Cisplatin (Anti-cancer) Platinol Disetujui D L4
Dapsone (Antileprosy) Avlosulfon, DDS Disetujui C L4
Hydroxychloroquine
(Antirheumatic, lupus)
Plaquenil Disetujui C L2
Iodides - Disetujui - NR
Iodine - Disetujui - NR
Iodine (povidone-iodine, eg, in a
vaginal douche)
- Disetujui - NR
Ivermectin (Antiparasitic) Mectizan Disetujui C L3
Nalidixic acid (Urinary Anti-
infective)
NegGram Disetujui B L4
Norsteroids - Disetujui - NR
Pyridostigmine (Muscle stimulant) Mestinon, Regonol Disetujui C L2
Scopolamine (Motion sickness) Transderm Scope Disetujui C L3
Sulfapyridine Dagenan Disetujui - NR
Timolol (glaucoma med) Blocadren Disetujui D L3

* Per the AAP Policy Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk,
revised September 2001.
Approved: (Table 6) Maternal Medication Usually Compatible With Breastfeeding
Caution: (Table 5) Drugs That Have Been Associated With Significant Effects on Some Nursing
Infants and Should Be Given to Nursing Mothers With Caution
NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by the AAP.
** Per Medications' and Mothers' Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2004 edition).
Lactation Risk Categories Pregnancy Risk Categories
L1 (Paling Aman)
L2 (Aman)
L3 (Cukup Aman)
L4 (Kemungkinan Barbahaya)
L5 (Kontra Indikasi)
A (studi terkontrol menunjukkan tanpa resiko)
B (tidak ada bukti risiko pada manusia)
C (risiko tidak dapat dikesampingkan)
D (bukti positif resiko)
X (dikontraindikasikan untuk Ibu Hamil)
NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has