Stakeholder vs. Shareholder

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STAKEHOLDER vs.

SHAREHOLDER

The central objective of the firm and its managers is making optimal tradeoffs and that of value
maximization, i.e. maximizing total market value of the firm. There are two theories proposed to achieve the
firms objective which are the Stakeholder Theory and Shareholder Theory.
Stakeholder Theory assumes that values are necessarily and explicitly a part of doing business and the
manager needs to take into account the interest of all the stakeholders while taking decisions on the other
hand the view that businesses do not have any moral obligations or social responsibilities at all, other than to
maximize their own profit is the objective of Shareholder theory.
Shareholder theory has been criticized by many, stating that its not the right way towards value
maximization as it fails to provide an objective function.
Separation thesis is rejected and argued over the fact that profits are a critical part of business, but concern
for profits is the result rather than the driver in the process of value creation. Its also known that
shareholders are a part of shareholders. In shareholders view, the managers have more resources and greater
deal of challenge, as they offer not only financial rewards, but language and action to show that they value
relationship. The theory also says that the process of creating value for shareholders along with stakeholders
by not only relying on shareholder but also customers and suppliers. Some examples of successful
implications of stakeholder theory are J&J, eBay; Google etc. provide compelling examples of how
managers understand the core insights of stakeholder theory and use them to create outstanding business.
Enlightened value maximization theory given by Jenson which was similar to enlightened stakeholder
theory which uses the structure of stakeholder theory but accepts maximization of long-run value of the firm
as the criterion for making the requisite tradeoffs among its stakeholders. Enlightened stakeholder theory,
main objective is long-term value maximization of the firm. Hence it solves the multiple objective problems
arising from the traditional stakeholder theory. Hence we can conclude that long term market value
maximization of a firm is not possible if we ignore any important constituent and the vision of enlightened
value maximization is not the vision or purpose but the scorecard of the firm.

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