Wireless Access in 2006

and Beyond
Matt Kolon
Mobility Architect
matt@juniper.net

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

Proprietary and Confidential

www.juniper.net

Agenda
Mobile technology overview

GSM, GPRS/EDGE and transition to UMTS WCDMA

CDMA and CDMA2000 transition to 3G
WLAN and mobile integration
Planning considerations for wireless access

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

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Mobile Packet Networks

Service Domain

WiFi/WiMax

Host
Subscriber
Server (HSS)

Emergency
Alert System
(EAS)

Access Point

Call Session
Control
Function
(CSCF)

Site Router

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Base Station
Controller (BSC)

Base Switching Station

(GSM/EDGE)

Mobile
Switching
Center (MSC)

UTRAN (WCDMA)

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

Media
Resource
Function (MRF)

Media
Gateway

Transit
Switching
Center (TSC)

PSTN/
ISDN

Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)

Mobile Packet Backbone

Network

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Radio Network
Controller (RNC)

IP Multimedia Subsystem

Multimedia
Gateway

Gateway
GSN

Intranets/
Internet
WLAN Access
Server

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Wireless evolution: 3 major streams

2G

2.5G

3G

IS-95B
CDMA

CDMA
IS-95A

1xRTT

1xEV-DO

1xEV-DV

CDMA2000
3xRTT

HSCSD
GSM

GSM

GPRS

WCDMA
Multiple phases

EDGE
Wireless
Broadband

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

WiFi

WiMAX

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GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)
GSM
9.6kbps (one timeslot)
GSM Data
Also called CSD

GSM

HSCSD

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution

Uses 8PSK modulation
3x improvement in data rate on short distances
Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances
Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps
Can also be combined with HSCSD

GPRS

General Packet Radio Services

Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

WCDMA
EDGE

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CDMA2000 evolution to 3G
IS-95B
Uses multiple code channels
Data rates up to 64kbps
Many operators gone direct to 1xRTT

IS-95B

CDMA
IS-95A
IS-95A
14.4 kbps
Core network
re-used in
CDMA2000

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data Optimised

Third phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Standardised version of Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)
Adds TDMA components beneath code components
Good for highly asymmetric high speed data apps
Speeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a 3G system
Use new or existing spectrum

1xEV-DO
1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xRTT: single carrier RTT
First phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Easy co-existence with IS-95A air interface
Release 0 - max 144 kbps
Release A max 384 kbps
Same core network as IS-95

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1xEV-DV

CDMA2000
3xRTT

CDMA2000 1x Evolved DV
Fourth phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Still under development
Speeds to 5Mbps+ (more than 3xRTT!)
Possible end game.

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3G Release 99 Packet switched

SCP
RNC

Iu r

AAL2
NodeB

Iu b

TDM

Iu cs
PSTN

IP/AAL5

USIM

3G MSC

Iu ps

HLR

AUC

IP

Gn

3G SGSN
Packet transfer to & from serving area
Registration, authentication
Mobility management
logical links to RNC, tunnel to GGSN
QoS

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

Gi

Internet
Corporate

3G GGSN
Multiple PDP contexts
QoS (GPRS extensions for
real time traffic classes etc)

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3G Release 4

TS 23.205 Split
TS 29.414 Bearer
BICC

Mc
H.248
MEGACO

Circuit switched
call control server
(MSC Server)

Nb

NodeB
USIM

Media
Gateway

IP/AAL5

TDM
ATM
IP

Media
Gateway

PSTN

(CS-MGW)

Split MSC into bearer and control

Bearer independent CS
New MGCP, new CS call control

Internet
Corporate

Streaming MMS service using PS

streaming service 26.233

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3G Release 5

23.228 IMS
25.933 IP UTRAN
BICC

SIP
STACK

RTP
or
AAL2

UDP/IP or AAL2
NodeB

Iu cs

Iu b

Circuit switched
call control server

H.248

TDM
ATM
IP

PSTN

Iu ps

USIM

IP/AAL5

Native IP UTRAN option

Call Session Control Function
IP multimedia control sub system
(IMS) IPv6, SIP based

Internet
Corporate

SIP IP Multimedia
CSCF

QoS enhancements (end-to-end)

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Mobile IP Applications
WiMAX networks
WLAN to cellular roaming

Inter GGSN or PDSN roaming

Wi-Fi
FA
Mobile
Node

WAP

Internet

ESS

FA

RAN

Mobile
Core

HA
Home
Network

SGSN

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Mobile IP Interworking with UMTS/GPRS

Recommends use of FA Care Of Addresses (CoA), not collocated, to conserve IPv4 addresses

Source:
3GPP

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Tight integration proposed by 3GPP

HLR

GPRS Tunneling Protocol

Client

Authenticator
EAPoL

Access Controller, RADIUS/SS-7

RADIUS Relay
GW

HLR

GGSN

GGSN

RADIUS
RADIUS

Client Authentication

Gr Interface

Create PDP Context {IP, transparent mode APN,

IMSI/NSAPI, MSISDN, dynamic address requested}
Create PDP Context Response {End User Address}
DHCP Discover

Client
IP Address
Assignment

DHCP Offer
DHCP Request
DHCP Ack {address = End User
address from GGSN}

Lease
expiration
Delete PDP Context Request

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High Level IMS Architecture

SERVICE
PLANE

ABBREVIATIONS
SCIM: Service Capability Interaction Manager

SCIM
(Service Broker Platform)

MRFC: Multimedia Resource Function Controller

CSCF: Call Session Control Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register

MRFC

PDF: Policy Decision Function

I-CSCF

MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function

MGW: Media Gateway
GGSN: Gateway P\GPRS Support Node

BTS

RAN

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WLAN

RNC

BSC

MRFP

HLR

P-CSCF

BGCF

PDF

MGCF

SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node

Node B

HSS

MG
W

MG
W

SGSN

GGSN

CONTROL
PLANE

BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function

S-CSCF

PSTN
PLMN
Intranet/
Internet

TRANSPORT PLANE

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Thank You

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Backup Slides

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3GPP2 Reference Architecture

MSC/VLR

HLR

SS7
A
Reference
Point

Radio
Network
(RN)

A1

A2 A5

Source
BSC

Ater
Reference
Point

A11

A9
A8

A3
A7

Aquinter
Reference
Point

PCF

A10

Pi

External IP
Network

PDSN

Aquater
Reference
Point

(R-P Interface)

Source
BTS
Target
BSC

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

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GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

Circuit
Switched
Um

BTS

SIM

SCP
BSC

& PCU

Abis

TDM

A
PSTN

Packet
Switched
Core

FR
Gb

IP Network
Gn

Packet Control Unit

(PCU)

Serving GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)

Forward data frames from

TDM BSS to packet core

Packet transfer to, from serving area

New hardware in BSC

Registration, authentication, mobility

management / handover, CDRs
logical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

AUC

HLR

Gi

Internet
Corporate

Gateway GPRS Support

Node (GGSN)
Gateway to external IP
networks (VPN/ISP etc)
IP network security
GPRS session mgmt, AAAA
CDRs for charging

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17