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    Phylum Echinodermata

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    Echinoderms are spiny-skinned marine animals with five-part radial symmetry and internal skeletons. They include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and sea lilies. Echinoderms have tube feet and come in various forms, including carnivores, herbivores, filter feeders, and detritus feeders. They exhibit regeneration, reproduce externally, and play important roles in marine ecosystems.

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    Phylum Echinodermata

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    api-255334265
    528 views32 pages
    Echinoderms are spiny-skinned marine animals with five-part radial symmetry and internal skeletons. They include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and sea lilies. Echinoderms have tube feet and come in various forms, including carnivores, herbivores, filter feeders, and detritus feeders. They exhibit regeneration, reproduce externally, and play important roles in marine ecosystems.

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    phylum echinodermata

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    Echinoderms are spiny-skinned marine animals with five-part radial symmetry and internal skeletons. They include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and sea lilies. Echinoderms have tube feet and come in various forms, including carnivores, herbivores, filter feeders, and detritus feeders. They exhibit regeneration, reproduce externally, and play important roles in marine ecosystems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    528 views32 pages

    Phylum Echinodermata

    Uploaded by

    api-255334265
    Echinoderms are spiny-skinned marine animals with five-part radial symmetry and internal skeletons. They include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, and sea lilies. Echinoderms have tube feet and come in various forms, including carnivores, herbivores, filter feeders, and detritus feeders. They exhibit regeneration, reproduce externally, and play important roles in marine ecosystems.

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    Phylum Echinodermata

    Introduction
    Echinoderms are spiny skinned animals
    Characteristics
    Spiny skin
    5 part radial symmetry
    Internal skeleton
    Water vascular system
    Tube feet

    Introduction cont.
    Shared characteristics with us.
    Internal skeleton
    Certain stages of development
    similar to ours.

    Introduction Continued
    Diverse living areas
    Starfish and sand dollars live in
    shallow water.
    Others live in coral reefs or the floor
    of the ocean.

    Form and Function


    Feeding
    Carnivores- include many species of starfish

    Tube feet pry open shells of bivalves


    Flips stomach inside out
    Digestive juices flow out
    Begin to digest prey inside the preys
    own shell,

    Form and Function Continued


    Feeding continued
    Stomach comes back to normal once
    finished
    Leaves empty bivalve shell behind.
    They eat: clams, scallops, snails,
    corals and other echinoderms.

    Form and Function Continued


    Feeding continued:
    Filter Feeders
    Sea lillies, basket stars, brittle stars
    Use tube feet located on flexible
    arms to capture plankton that float
    by on water currents.

    Brittle Star

    Basket Star

    Sea Lilly

    Form and Function cont.


    Feeding continued
    Herbivores- Sea Urchins
    Scrape algae from rocks using
    their jaw.

    Sea Urchin w/ Spines

    Sea Urchin without Spines

    Form and Function


    Feeding continued
    Detritus Feeders- Sea cucumbers
    Move like a bulldozer across the
    ocean floor.
    Take in sand and ocean soil.
    Digest organic materials then rest
    passes out of organism.

    Different Species of Sea


    Cucumber

    Form and Function cont.


    Respiration
    Tube FeetDiffusion of CO2
    and O2

    Form and Function cont.


    Respiration continued
    Skin Gills- some species have, look like
    bumps.

    Form and Function cont.


    Excretion
    Solid waste- feces exits through the
    anus (except Brittle Stars, their feces
    exits through the mouth)
    Excrete ammonia through the tube
    feet or gills.

    Form and Function


    Response
    They do not have a head, they have a
    primitive nervous system.
    Nerve ring that surrounds the mouth,
    radial nerves that connect to the rest of the
    body.
    Eyespots located at the tip of each arm.

    Form and Function


    Protection
    Spiny skin not very protective.
    Adaptations:
    Basket stars, feather stars, spiny sea
    urchins move very slow
    Hide under rocks
    Some fish will turn echinoderms over to
    expose their soft underside and chow
    down.

    Form and Function


    Movement
    Tube feet are attached to plates of the
    exoskeleton with long skinny muscles to
    help them move.
    Sand dollars and sea urchins skeleton is
    fused together so spines are attached to
    skleton which are used to creep along.

    Form and Function


    Movement continued
    Brittle stars and Feather stars have flexible
    joints so they can use their arms for
    locomotion
    Feather stars swim for short distances.
    Sea cucumbers crawl like worms because
    endoskeleton is very reduced.

    Form and Function


    Reproduction
    Most are separate sexes, some are
    hermaphroditic
    External fertilization

    Form and Function


    Regeneration
    If a starfish is pulled into pieces each
    piece can grow into a new animal.
    Used to cause problems for
    fishermen- would cut up when they
    were in their nets then wonder they
    were twice as many when they came
    back.

    Echinoderm Classes
    Only found in marine environments- no
    freshwater or terrestrial.
    Starfish
    Common starfish is also known as (aka)
    Sea Stars
    5+ arms
    Carnivores, prey on bivalves

    Leather Sea Star,

    Dermasterias imbricata

    Echinoderm Classes
    Brittle Stars
    Tropical seas, especially coral reefs
    Longer, flexible arms
    Shed 1 or more arms when attacked
    or just run away.
    Filter & detritus feeders
    Hide during the day, hunt at night.

    Echinoderm Classes
    Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
    Eat large amounts of algae
    Heart Urchins and Sand Dollars hide in
    burrows.
    Sea urchins wedge themselves in rock
    crevices during the day and come out at
    night.
    Sharp spines- some have poison sacks
    to make them painful.

    Sea Urchin

    Echinoderm Classes
    Sea Cucumber
    Look like bumpy moving pickles.
    Detritus feeders
    Found on ocean floor- very deep
    One particular sea cucumber releases a
    glue-like substance when they are
    attacked. Causes the attackers to become
    stuck in a huge ball of glue.

    Echinoderm Classes
    Sea Lilies and Feather Stars
    Filter feeders
    50 plus long feathery arms
    Ancient species
    Not common, but used to be (Found in the
    fossil record)

    Place in the World


    Starfish control population of bivalves.
    Sea urchins control algae population.
    Sea urchin eggs, sea cucumbers are
    considered delicacies in some parts of
    the world.
    Useful research subjects.

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