Mitosis Powerpoint

10X Magnification of Stained Human Cheek Cells
Parts of the Human Cheek Cell at 40X Magnification
Cell DivisionMitosis Notes

Cell Division process by which
a cell divides into 2 new cells
Why do cells need to divide?
1.Living things grow by
producing more cells, NOT
because each cell increases in
size
2.Repair of damaged tissue
3.If cell gets too big, it cannot
get enough nutrients into the
cell and wastes out of the cell
The original cell is called the parent cell; 2 new cells are
called daughter cells
Before cell division occurs , the cell replicates (copies) all
of its DNA, so each daughter cell gets complete set of
genetic information from parent cell
Each daughter cell is exactly like the parent cell same
kind and number of chromosomes as the original cell
2
Daughter
Cells
Parent Cell
Many organisms, especially unicellular

organisms, reproduce by means of cell division
called asexual reproduction Ex: bacteria
DNA
DNA is located in the nucleus and controls all cell
activities including cell division
Long and thread-like DNA in a non-dividing cell is called
chromatin
Doubled, coiled, short DNA in a dividing cell is called
chromosome
Consists of 2 parts: chromatid and centromere
Do I have a chromosome from my

grandpa?
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/typesauto/
o 2 identical sister
chromatids attached at
an area in the middle
called a centromere
o When cells divide,
sister chromatids
separate and 1 goes to
each new cell
Chromatin to chromosomes illustration:
Chromatin
Duplicates
itself
Why does DNA need to change

from chromatin to chromosome?
Coils up into
chromosomes
More efficient division
Chromosome number
Every organism has its own specific number of
chromosomes
Examples: Human = 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Dog = 78 chromosomes or 39 pairs
Goldfish = 94 chromosomes or 47 pairs
Lettuce = 18 chromosomes or 9 pairs
All somatic (body) cells in an organism have the same

kind and number of chromosomes
Examples: Human = 46 chromosomes
Human skin cell = 46 chromosomes
Human heart cell = 46 chromosomes
Human muscle cell = 46 chromosomes
Fruit fly = 8 chromosomes
Fruit fly skin cell = 8 chromosomes
Fruit fly heart cell = 8 chromosomes
Fruit fly muscle cell = 8 chromosomes
Stems for the Cell Cycle

Inter
Between, among
Interphase,
Interstate,
Intercept
Pro
Before
Prokaryote,
Prophase,
Prologue
Meta
Change, between
Metaphase,
Metamorphosis
Ana
Up, back
Anaphase, Analysis
Telo / Tele
Far, distant
Telophase, telephone
Cyto
Cell
Cytokinesis, Cytoplasm,
Cytology
Kine
Motion, division
Cytokinesis, Kinetic
energy
View of onion root tip under low power
MITOSIS ONION ROOT TIP
Interphase
Prophase
Early Anaphase
Anaphase
Later Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Later Telophase
Cell Cycle- series of events cells go

through as they grow and divide.
Interphase
Mitosis
(4 phases)
Cytokinesis
The cell spends
most of its life
cycle in
Interphase
Interphase
Interphase
DNA replication
(copying) occurs
Cells grow, carry out

normal cell activities,
and replicate all other
organelles
4 phases of mitosis directed by the cells DNA

(PMAT)
Prophase
Metaphase(Middle)
Anaphase(Apart)
Anaphase(Apart)
Telophase(Two)
Prophase
Chromosomes coil
up
Nuclear envelope
disappears
Centrioles form
Spindle fibers
Metaphase(Middle)
Chromosomes line up
in middle of cell
Spindle fibers connect
to chromosomes
Anaphase(Apart)
Chromosome
copies divide
Spindle fibers pull

chromosomes to
opposite poles
Telophase(Two)
Chromosomes uncoil
Nuclear envelopes
form
2 new nuclei are

formed
Spindle fibers
disappear
Cytokinesis the division of the rest of the cell

(cytoplasm and organelles) after the nucleus
divides
In animal cells the cytoplasm
pinches in
In plant cells a cell plate forms
After mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell returns to

Interphase to continue to grow and perform
regular cell activities
Summary: Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis (4 stages)
Cytokinesis
When cells become old or damaged, they die and

are replaced with new cells
Remember- Cell death (apoptosis) eventually
happens.
Cell Division Control

DNA controls all cell
activities including cell
division
Some cells lose their ability
to control their rate of cell
division the DNA of
these cells has become
damaged or changed
(mutated)
These super-dividing cells
form masses called tumors
Cancer: Unregulated Cell Division
Benign tumors are masses of cells that do not

spread to other parts of the body
Malignant tumors are masses of cells that break
loose and can invade and destroy healthy tissue
in other parts of the body (called metastasis)
Cancer is not just one

disease, but many
diseases over 100
different types of
cancers
PBS Cancer Warrior
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/cancerwarrior.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adamcurtis/2010/0
6/the_undead_henrietta_lacks_and.html
Phase
Chromosome
Appearance & Location
Important Events
Interphase
DNA copies itself; chromatin
DNA replication, cell grows

and replicates organelles
Chromosomes coil up
Nuclear envelope
disappears, spindle fibers
form
Chromosomes line up in
the middle
Spindle fibers connect to

chromosomes
Anaphase
Chromosome copies divide

and move apart
Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil back

into chromatin
Cytokinesis
Chromatin
Spindle fibers pull

chromosome copies apart
to opposite poles
Nuclear envelopes reform,
2 new nuclei are formed,
spindle fibers disappear
Division of the rest of the
cell: cytoplasm and
organelles
Prophase
Metaphase

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10X Magnification of Stained Human Cheek Cells

Parts of the Human Cheek Cell at 40X Magnification

Cell DivisionMitosis Notes

Many organisms, especially unicellular

Do I have a chromosome from my

Chromatin to chromosomes illustration:

Why does DNA need to change

More efficient division

All somatic (body) cells in an organism have the same

Stems for the Cell Cycle

View of onion root tip under low power

MITOSIS ONION ROOT TIP

Cell Cycle- series of events cells go

Cells grow, carry out

4 phases of mitosis directed by the cells DNA

Spindle fibers pull

2 new nuclei are

Cytokinesis the division of the rest of the cell

After mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell returns to

Summary: Cell Cycle

When cells become old or damaged, they die and

Cell Division Control

Cancer: Unregulated Cell Division

Benign tumors are masses of cells that do not

Cancer is not just one

PBS Cancer Warrior

DNA copies itself; chromatin

DNA replication, cell grows

Spindle fibers connect to

Chromosome copies divide

Chromosomes uncoil back

Spindle fibers pull

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