WSH (General Provisions) Regulation

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS
WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT

(CHAPTER 354A, SECTION 65)
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In exercise of the powers conferred by section 65 of the Workplace Safety and Health Act, the
Minister for Manpower hereby makes the following Regulations:
Arrangement of Provisions
PART I
PRELIMINARY
1 Citation
2 Definitions
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PART II
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO HEALTH
3 Infectious agents and biohazardous material
4 Overcrowding
5 Ventilation
6 Lighting
7 Drainage of floors
8 Sanitary conveniences
9 Reduction of vibration
10 Protection against excessive heat or cold and harmful radiations
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PART III
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO SAFETY
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11 Prime movers
12 Electric generator, motor, transmission machinery, etc.
13 Removal of fencing from machinery
14 Electrical installation and equipment
15 Construction and maintenance of fencing or other safeguards
16 Lock-out procedures
17 Protective measures relating to tanks, structures, sumps or pits containing dangerous substances
18 Self-acting machines
19 Hoists and lifts
20 Lifting gears
21 Lifting appliances and lifting machines
22 Register of lifting gears, etc.
23 Measures to be taken to prevent falls
24 Storage of goods
25 (Deleted with effect from 01/11/2009)
26 Precautions with regard to explosive or flammable dust, gas, vapour or substance
27 Conditions before steam boiler, steam receiver, air receiver or refrigerating plant pressure receiver
may be used
28 Steam boilers
29 Steam receivers
30 Steam containers
31 Air receivers
32 Periodical examinations when authorised examiner is not available
33 Pressure vessel containing hazardous substance
34 Pipes and equipment conveying certain substances
35 Gas plants
36 Repair of pressure vessel
37 Prevention of fire
38 Safety provisions in case of fire
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PART IV
SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE
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39 Toxic dust, fumes or other contaminants

40 Permissible exposure levels of toxic substances
41 Hazardous substances
42 Warning labels
43 Safety data sheet
44 Exclusion from regulations 41, 42 and 43
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PART V
MISCELLANEOUS
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45 Offence
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FIRST SCHEDULE
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVELS OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
SECOND SCHEDULE
(Deleted with effect from 01/03/2010)
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Actual Provisions
PART I
PRELIMINARY
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Citation
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Workplace Safety and Health (General Provisions)
Regulations.
Definitions
2. In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires
competent person means a person who has sufficient experience and training to perform the work
required to be carried out, and has passed such courses as the Commissioner may require for that work;
electrical equipment
(a) means any machine, appliance, apparatus or lighting fitting which consumes or utilises electricity in its
operation or use; and
(b) includes any cable, wire and other device necessary to enable it to be connected to a source of
electricity supply;
hazardous substance means any hazardous substance specified in Part II of the Fifth Schedule to the
Act;
PEL (Long Term) means the permissible exposure level over an 8-hour working day and a 40-hour work
week;
PEL (Short Term) means the permissible exposure level over a 15-minute period during any working
day;
permissible exposure level means the maximum time weighted average concentration of a toxic
substance to which any person may be exposed;
plant means any machinery, vessel, pipe or other apparatus or combination thereof which is connected
or used for the purpose of making a product;
safe working load means
(a) the safe working load specified in the certificate of test and examination obtained for the purposes of
regulation 19, 20 or 21; or
(b) where there is no such certificate, the safe working load as ascertained by an authorised examiner;
safe working pressure means the pressure specified in the report of examination referred to in
regulation 28, 29 or 31;
tank includes any pipe and valve thereof and all its fittings and attachments;
time weighted average concentration means the concentration determined by adding together the
products of each concentration and the corresponding time over which that concentration was measured,
and dividing the sum by the total time over which the measurements were taken;
toxic substance means any substance which may cause irritation, bodily injury or any harmful effect to a
person through ingestion, inhalation or contact with any body surface, and includes any substance
specified in the First Schedule;
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transmission machinery means every shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of fast and loose pulleys,
coupling, clutch, driving-belt or other device by which the motion of a prime mover is transmitted to or
received by any machine or appliance.
PART II
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO HEALTH
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Infectious agents and biohazardous material

3. (1) Where any person at work in any workplace carries out any process, operation or work involving
exposure to any infectious agents or biohazardous material which may constitute a risk to his health, it
shall be the duty of the employer of that person to take effective measures to protect that person from
their harmful effects.
(2) In this regulation, biohazardous material includes
(a) any substance which contains toxins;
(b) any biological waste;
(c) any culture medium;
(d) any contaminated blood, urine or faeces;
(e) any infected tissue or organ; and
(f) any infected animal.
Overcrowding
4. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that while work is carried on in the
workplace, the workplace is not overcrowded so as to pose safety and health risks to the persons at work
therein.
Ventilation
5. (1) Subject to paragraph (3), it shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that every
workroom of the workplace is provided with adequate ventilation.
(2) Where gases, vapours or other impurities are generated in the course of any process or work carried
out in a workplace which may be injurious to health, it shall be the duty of the occupier of the workplace to
provide effective and suitable ventilation
(a) for securing and maintaining the circulation of fresh air in the workplace; and
(b) to render harmless, so far as is reasonably practicable, all such gases, vapours or other
impurities.
(3) This regulation shall not apply to any workplace where it is impracticable to make provision for
adequate ventilation and where suitable air-supplied breathing apparatus is provided to persons at work
in the workplace.
Lighting
6. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to provide and maintain sufficient and suitable
lighting, whether natural or artificial, in every part of the workplace in which persons are at work or
passing.
Drainage of floors
7. In any workplace where any process is carried on which renders the floor liable to be wet, it shall be
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the duty of the occupier of the workplace to provide and maintain, so far as is reasonably practicable,
effective means for draining off the wet.
Sanitary conveniences
8. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace
(a) to provide, maintain and keep clean, sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences for
the persons at work in the workplace; and
(b) to provide and maintain sufficient and suitable lighting for these sanitary
conveniences.
Reduction of vibration
9. In any workplace where persons are at work in any process or operation which involves exposure to
vibration which may constitute a risk to their health, it shall be the duty of the occupier of the workplace to
provide, so far as is reasonably practicable, effective means to reduce the vibration.
Protection against excessive heat or cold and harmful radiations
10. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to take all reasonably practicable measures to
ensure that persons at work in the workplace are protected from excessive heat or cold and harmful
radiations.
PART III
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO SAFETY
Prime movers
11. Subject to regulation 13, it shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that in every
workplace where a prime mover is used, every flywheel connected to the prime mover and every moving
part of the prime mover is securely fenced, whether the flywheel or prime mover is situated in the engine
house or not.
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Electric generator, motor, transmission machinery, etc.

12. (1) Subject to regulation 13, it shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that every
dangerous part (including any flywheel) of any electric generator, motor, transmission machinery or other
machinery in the workplace is securely fenced unless the dangerous part of the generator, motor or
machinery
(a) is in such a position or of such construction as to be safe to every person at work in
the workplace as it would be if securely fenced; or
(b) is made safe for persons at work in the workplace by other effective means which will
protect the persons from being injured by the dangerous part when that part is in
motion or in use.
(2) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that in any room or place in the workplace
where transmission machinery is used, there is provided and maintained efficient devices or appliances in
that room or place by which the power can promptly be cut off from the transmission machinery.
(3) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (1), it shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace
to ensure that any part of a stock-bar used in a workplace which projects beyond the headstock of a lathe
is securely fenced or is otherwise made safe to every person at work in the workplace.
Removal of fencing from machinery
13. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the fencing or other effective means referred to in regulations 11 and
12 (1) which are used to render machinery safe may be removed to such extent as is necessary when
(a) a person is carrying out in the workplace, while the part of machinery is in motion
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(i) any examination of the machinery or part of the machinery; or

(ii) any lubrication or adjustment shown by such examination to be immediately
necessary, being an examination, a lubrication or an adjustment which is
necessary to be carried out while the part of machinery is in motion; or
(b) a person is carrying out in the workplace any lubrication or any mounting or shifting
of belts in respect of any part of a transmission machinery and if
(i) the Commissioner has determined that, owing to the continuous nature of such
process, the stopping of that part would seriously interfere with the carrying on
of the process in the workplace; and
(ii) the lubrication or mounting or shifting of belts is carried out by such methods
and in such circumstances and subject to such conditions as the Commissioner
may determine.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall only apply where
(a) the relevant examination, lubrication or other operation is carried out by a person who
(i) has attained the age of 18 years;
(ii) has been trained to carry out, and is acquainted with the dangers of moving
machinery connected with the relevant examination, lubrication or other
operation; and
(iii) is wearing clothing which has no loose ends and which is fastened by means
having no exposed loose ends;
(b) another person, instructed as to the steps to be taken in case of an emergency, is
immediately available within sight or hearing of the person carrying out the relevant
examination, lubrication or other operation; and
(c) any ladder or work platform in use for the carrying out of the relevant examination,
lubrication or other operation is securely fixed or lashed, or is firmly held by a person
stationed at the foot of the ladder.
Electrical installation and equipment
14. (1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that every electrical installation and
electrical equipment in the workplace
(a) is of good construction, sound material and free from defects; and
(b) is used and maintained in such manner so that it is safe to use.
(2) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that all reasonably practicable measures
are taken to protect any person against the risks of electric shock arising from or in connection with the
use at work of any electrical installation or equipment in the workplace.
Construction and maintenance of fencing or other safeguards
15. (1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that all fencing or other safeguards
required to be provided for the purposes of regulations 11 and 12 are
(a) of substantial construction;
(b) properly maintained; and
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(c) kept in position and properly adjusted to render the machinery safe for any person
while the parts required to be fenced or safeguarded are in motion or in use.
(2) Paragraph (1) (c) shall not apply where
(a) the parts mentioned in that paragraph are necessarily exposed in motion for
examination and for any lubrication or adjustment shown by such examination to be
immediately necessary; and
(b) all the conditions specified in regulation 13 (2) are complied with.
Lock-out procedures
16. (1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to establish and implement lock-out
procedures relating to the inspection, cleaning, repair or maintenance of any plant, machinery, equipment
or electrical installation in the workplace that, if inadvertently activated or energised, is liable to cause
bodily injury to any person.
(2) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that every person carrying out any
inspection, cleaning, repair or maintenance of any plant, machinery, equipment or electrical installation in
the workplace is fully instructed on the lock-out procedures for that work before commencing that work.
(3) In this regulation, lock-out procedures means a set of procedures
(a) to ensure that all energy sources to the relevant plant, machinery, equipment or
electrical installation are isolated, disconnected or discharged; and
(b) to prevent any part of the plant, machinery, equipment or electrical installation from
being inadvertently activated or energised.
Protective measures relating to tanks, structures, sumps or pits containing dangerous
substances
17. (1) Where any tank, structure, sump or pit in a workplace contains any scalding, burning, corrosive
or toxic liquid and the edge of the tank, structure, sump or pit is less than one metre above the highest
ground or platform from which a person might fall into it, it shall be the duty of the occupier of the
workplace to ensure that
(a) the tank, structure, sump or pit is securely covered or is securely fenced to a height of
at least one metre above that ground or platform; or
(b) where by reason of the nature of the work, neither secure covering nor secure fencing
to that height is practicable, all reasonably practicable steps are taken by covering,
fencing or other means to prevent any person from falling into the tank, structure,
sump or pit.
(2) Where any tank, structure, sump or pit in a workplace contains any scalding, burning, corrosive or
toxic liquid but is not securely covered, it shall be the duty of the occupier of the workplace to ensure that
no ladder, stair or gangway is placed above, across or inside it unless the ladder, stair or gangway is
(a) at least 500 millimetres wide; and
(b) securely fenced to a height of at least one metre and securely fixed.
(3) Where any such tank, structure, sump or pit in a workplace referred to in paragraph (2) adjoins
another tank, structure, sump or pit, and
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(a) the space between them, clear of any surrounding brick or other work, is less than 500
millimetres in width; or
(b) each tank, structure, sump or pit is not securely fenced to a height of at least one
metre, it shall be the duty of the occupier of the workplace to ensure that secure
barriers are so placed as to prevent passage between them.
(4) For the purposes of this regulation, a ladder, stair or gangway shall not be considered to be securely
fenced unless it is provided either with sheet fencing or with an upper and a lower rail and toe boards.
(5) Where any tank, structure, sump or pit in a workplace contains any scalding, burning, corrosive or
toxic liquid, it shall be the duty of the occupier of the workplace to ensure that a warning notice indicating
the nature of the danger and in a form readily understood by persons at work in that workplace
(a) is marked on or attached to the tank, structure, sump or pit; or
(b) if this is not reasonably practicable, is posted nearby.
Self-acting machines
18. (1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to take all reasonably practicable steps to
ensure that any self-acting machine in the workplace poses no risk to the safety and health of any person
working in the workplace.
(2) The reasonably practicable steps include the following:
(a) ensuring that no traversing part of any self-acting machine nor any material carried
thereon shall, if the space into which it runs is a space over which any person
(whether or not at work) is liable to pass, be less than 500 millimetres measured from
any fixed structure not being part of the machine to the furthest point of its inward or
outward traverse;
(b) ensuring that no person at work in the workplace shall, when the machine is in
operation, be in the space between any traversing part of the machine and any fixed
part of the machine towards which the traversing part moves on the inward run; and
(c) displaying on such machinery or at a place nearest to the process or work a notice
written in languages understood by the persons at work using such machinery or in
any such process or work describing the safety measures to be observed.
Hoists and lifts
19. (1) No hoist or lift shall be used in a workplace unless an authorised examiner has
(a) tested and examined the hoist or lift after its installation; and
(b) issued and signed a certificate of test and examination, specifying the safe working
load of the hoist or lift.
(2) The certificate of test and examination referred to in paragraph (1) (b) shall be kept available for
inspection.
(3) Subject to paragraph (10) (c), every hoist or lift used in a workplace shall be thoroughly examined by
an authorised examiner at least once every 6 months or at such other intervals as the Commissioner may
determine.
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(4) Every hoistway or liftway used in a workplace shall be efficiently protected by a substantial enclosure
fitted with gates that will, when the gates are shut, prevent any person from falling down the way or
coming into contact with any moving part of the hoist or lift.
(5) Subject to paragraph (10) (b), any gate referred to in paragraph (4) shall be fitted with efficient
interlocking or other devices to ensure that
(a) the gate cannot be opened except when the cage or platform is at the landing; and
(b) the cage or platform cannot be moved away from the landing until the gate is closed.
(6) Every hoist or lift and every enclosure referred to in paragraph (4) shall be so constructed as to
prevent any part of any person or any goods carried in the hoist or lift being trapped between
(a) any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed structure; or
(b) the counterbalance weight and any other moving part of the hoist or lift.
(7) Every hoist or lift shall be marked conspicuously with the maximum working load which it can safely
carry.
(8) No hoist or lift shall be used in a workplace to carry a load exceeding its maximum working load.
(9) The following additional requirements shall apply to lifts used in a workplace:
(a) efficient automatic devices shall be provided and maintained to prevent the cage or
platform from over-running;
(b) every cage shall, on each side from which access is afforded to a landing, be fitted
with a gate with efficient devices to ensure that, when persons or goods are in the
cage, the cage
(i) cannot be raised or lowered unless all the gates are closed; and
(ii) will come to rest when a gate is opened; and
(c) where the cage or platform of the lift is suspended by rope or chain
(i) the cage or platform shall be separately connected with at least 2 ropes or
chains, each rope or chain and its attachments being capable of carrying the
whole weight of the cage or platform and its maximum working load; and
(ii) efficient devices shall be provided and maintained which will support the cage
or platform with its maximum working load in the event of a breakage of the
ropes or chains or any of their attachments.
(10) In the case of a hoist or lift used in a workplace which is not powered with mechanical power
(a) paragraph (9) shall not apply;
(b) the gate referred to in paragraph (4) shall be kept closed and fastened except when the
cage or platform is at rest at the landing; and
(c) a thorough examination of the hoist or lift shall be carried out at least once every year
by an authorised examiner.
(11) Where a hoistway or liftway inside a workplace passes through 2 or more floors
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(a) the hoistway or liftway shall be completely enclosed with fire-resisting materials,
except that the top shall be enclosed only by some material easily broken in case of
fire, or be provided with a vent; and
(b) all means of access to the hoist or lift shall be fitted with doors of fire-resisting
materials.
(12) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace in which a hoist or lift is used to comply with
paragraphs (1) to (11).
(13) It shall be the duty of an authorised examiner to
(a) issue and sign a certificate, in a form determined by the Commissioner, of the result of
the examination referred to in paragraph (3);
(b) provide the certificate referred to in sub-paragraph (a) to the occupier of the
workplace;
(c) inform the Commissioner
(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, if the examination shows that the hoist or
lift cannot continue to be used safely unless repairs are made; or
(ii) in any other case, within 28 days of the completion of the examination, of the
results of the examination in a manner acceptable to the Commissioner; and
(d) exercise all due diligence in making any certification or in conducting any test or
examination of any hoist or lift under this regulation.
(14) For the purposes of this regulation, no lifting machine or appliance shall be considered to be a hoist
or lift unless it has a cage or platform and the direction of movement of the cage or platform is restricted
by a guide or guides.
(15) This regulation shall not apply to any lift which has been inspected and tested under the Building
Maintenance and Strata Management (Lift and Building Maintenance) Regulations 2005 (G.N. No. S
194/2005) and for which a Certificate of Lift Maintenance and Testing has been lodged with the
Commissioner of Buildings.
Lifting gears
20. (1) No lifting gear of whatever material shall be used in a workplace unless an authorised examiner
has
(a) tested and examined the lifting gear; and
(b) issued and signed a certificate of test and examination, specifying the safe working load of the
lifting gear.
inspection.
(3) Every lifting gear used in a workplace shall be thoroughly examined by an authorised examiner at
least once every year or at such other intervals as the Commissioner may determine.
(4) Subject to paragraph (5), every lifting gear shall be annealed at the following intervals:
(a) if in regular use
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(i) in the case of chains used in connection with molten metal or molten slag, at
least once every 6 months; or
(ii) in any other case, at least once every year; or
(b) if not in regular use, only when necessary.
(5) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to the following classes of lifting gear:
(a) chains made of malleable cast iron;
(b) plate link chains;
(c) chains, rings, hooks, shackles and swivels made of steel or of any non-ferrous metal;
(d) pitched chains working on sprocket or pocketed wheels;
(e) rings, hooks, shackles and swivels permanently attached to pitched chains, pulley
blocks or weighing machines;
(f) hooks and swivels having screw-threaded parts or ball-bearings or other casehardened parts;
(g) socket shackles secured to wire ropes by white metal capping;
(h) bordeaux connections;
(i) rope or rope sling; and
(j) any chain or lifting tackle which has been subjected to the heat treatment known as
normalising instead of annealing.
(6) No lifting gear shall be loaded beyond its safe working load except by an authorised examiner or an
inspector for the purpose of testing such lifting gear.
(7) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace in which a lifting gear is used to comply with
paragraphs (1) to (4) and (6).
(8) Paragraphs (1) and (3) do not apply to any lifting gear which consists of natural fibre ropes or natural
fibre slings.
workplace;
(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, if the examination shows that the lifting
gear cannot continue to be used safely unless repairs are made; or
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examination of any lifting gear under this regulation.
(10) It shall be the duty of the owner of a lifting gear to ensure that it is
(a) of good construction, sound material, adequate strength and free from patent defect;
and
(b) properly maintained.
(11) An inspector may at any time test any lifting gear and may prohibit its further use if he is not satisfied
that the lifting gear is safe for the use to which it is put.
(12) Any person who contravenes any prohibition of an inspector under paragraph (11) shall be guilty of
an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding 2 years or to both.
Lifting appliances and lifting machines
21. (1) No lifting appliance or lifting machine shall be used unless an authorised examiner has
(a) tested and examined the lifting appliance or lifting machine; and
(b) issued and signed a certificate of test and examination, specifying the safe working
load of the lifting appliance or lifting machine.
inspection.
(3) Every lifting appliance and lifting machine shall be thoroughly examined by an authorised examiner at
least once every year or at such other intervals as the Commissioner may determine.
(4) Every crane, crab and winch shall be provided with a readily accessible and efficient brake or other
safety device
(a) which will prevent the fall of the load when suspended; and
(b) by which the load can be effectively controlled while being lowered.
(5) Every hand winch shall be fitted with an efficient pawl capable of sustaining the safe working
load.
(6) Every lifting appliance and lifting machine
(a) shall be conspicuously marked with its safe working load or loads and a distinctive
number or other means of identification; and
(b) in the case of a jib crane so constructed that the safe working load may be varied by
the raising or lowering of the jib, shall have an accurate indicator, which must be
placed so as to be clearly visible to the driver of the jib crane, that shows the radius of
the jib at any time and the safe working load corresponding to that radius.
(7) No lifting appliance or lifting machine shall be loaded beyond its safe working load except by an
authorised examiner or an inspector for the purpose of testing such lifting appliance or lifting machine.
(8) Every lifting appliance and lifting machine shall be adequately and securely supported and
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(a) every rope, chain or wire;

(b) every part of a stage, framework or other structure; and
(c) every mast, beam, pole or other article of plant supporting any part of the lifting
appliance or lifting machine,
shall be of good construction, sound material and adequate strength, having regard to the nature of the
lifting appliance, its lifting and reaching capacity and the circumstances of its use.
(9) All rails on which a travelling crane moves, and every track on which the carriage of a transporter or
runway moves shall
(a) be of proper size and adequate strength;
(b) have an even running surface;
(c) be properly laid, adequately supported or suspended; and
(d) be properly maintained.
(10) If any person at work at any place in a workplace is on or near the wheel tracks of an overhead
travelling crane where he would be liable to be struck by the crane, effective measures shall be taken to
ensure that the crane does not approach within 6 metres of that place.
(11) If any person at work in a workplace is not on or near the wheel tracks of an overhead travelling
crane but is in a place above floor level where he would be liable to be struck by an overhead travelling
crane, or by any load carried by the crane, effective measures shall be taken to warn him of the approach
of the crane unless the work of the person is so connected with or dependent on the movements of the
crane as to make the warning unnecessary.
(12) A lifting machine shall not be operated except by
(a) a person trained and competent to operate that machine; or
(b) a person under training who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person.
(13) No person below the age of 18 years shall be at work
(a) operating any lifting machine driven by mechanical power; or
(b) giving signals to the operator of any lifting machine.
(14) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace in which any lifting appliance or lifting machine is
used to comply with paragraphs (1) to (13).
workplace;
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(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, if the examination shows that the lifting
appliance or lifting machine cannot continue to be used safely unless repairs are
made; or
examination of any lifting appliance or lifting machine under this regulation.
(16) It shall be the duty of the owner of a lifting appliance or lifting machine to ensure that it is
(a) of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength; and
(b) properly maintained.
(17) An inspector may at any time test any lifting appliance or lifting machine and may prohibit its further
use if he is not satisfied that the lifting appliance or lifting machine is safe for the use to which it is put.
(18) Any person who contravenes any prohibition of an inspector under paragraph (17) shall be guilty of
an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding 2 years or to both.
Register of lifting gears, etc.
22. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to keep a register containing such particulars as the
Commissioner may specify with respect to the lifting gears, lifting appliances and lifting machines to which
regulations 20 and 21 apply.
Measures to be taken to prevent falls
23. (1) All openings in floors of a workplace shall be securely covered or fenced unless the nature of
the work renders such covering or fencing impracticable.
(2) For every staircase in a workplace or which affords a means of exit from the
workplace, a substantial handrail shall be provided and maintained, which
(a) if the staircase has an open side, shall be on that side; and
(b) if the staircase has 2 open sides, shall be on both sides.
(3) Any open side of a staircase in a workplace shall be guarded by the provision and
maintenance of a lower rail or other effective means.
(4) Every teagle opening or similar doorway used for hoisting or lowering goods or materials in a
workplace, whether by mechanical power or otherwise, shall be
(a) securely fenced; and
(b) provided with a secure handhold on each side of the opening or doorway.
(5) Any fencing referred to in paragraph (4) shall
(a) be properly maintained; and
(b) except when goods or materials are being hoisted or lowered at the opening or
doorway, be kept in position.
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(6) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1) to (5).
(7) Subject to paragraph (8), any person who has to work at a place from which he would be
liable to fall
(a) a distance of more than 2 metres; or
(b) into any substance which is likely to cause drowning or asphyxiation, shall be
provided with a secure foothold and handhold at the place so far as is reasonably
practicable for ensuring his safety.
(8) Where it is not reasonably practicable to provide a secure foothold or handhold as required
under paragraph (7), other suitable means such as a safety harness or safety belt shall be
provided for ensuring the safety of every person working at such places.
(9) Where a safety harness or safety belt is provided under paragraph (8)
(a) there shall be sufficient and secured anchorage, by means of a life line or otherwise for the safety
harness or safety belt; and
(b) the anchorage shall not be lower than the level of the working position of the person wearing the
safety harness or safety belt.
(10) It shall be the duty of the employer of the person referred to in paragraph (7) to comply with
paragraphs (7), (8) and (9).
(11) It shall be the duty of the employer of a person who is exposed to the risk of falling into water and of
drowning to provide
(a) equipment and means of rescuing and resuscitating drowning persons; and
(b) suitable life jackets or other equipment for keeping such persons afloat in the event
that they fall into the water.
(12) No person shall require, permit or direct any person to work at a place from which he would be liable
to fall
(a) a distance of more than 2 metres; or
(b) into any substance which is likely to cause drowning or asphyxiation,
unless the requirements of paragraphs (7), (8) and (9) have been complied with.
(13) Any person who contravenes paragraph (12) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.
Storage of goods
24. (1) All goods, articles and substances which are stored, stacked or placed in a workplace shall be
stored, stacked or placed
(a) in such manner as not to interfere with
(i) the adequate distribution of natural or artificial light;
(ii) the proper operation of any machinery or other equipment;
(iii) the unobstructed use of passageways or traffic lanes; and
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(iv) the efficient functioning of sprinkler systems or the use of other fire-fighting
equipment;
(b) on a firm foundation not liable to settle;
(c) in such manner as not to overload the foundation or floors; and
(d) in such manner, and using such supporting structures as may be necessary, as to
ensure the stability, and to prevent the collapse, of the goods, articles or substances.
(2) Any goods, articles or substances which are stored, stacked or placed in a workplace shall not be
stored, stacked or placed against a wall or partition unless the wall or partition is of sufficient strength to
withstand the pressure.
(3) If loads are to be suspended from the roof of any workplace, the roof shall be of sufficient strength to
carry the loads.
(4) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1), (2) and (3).
25. Deleted by S 463/2009, wef 01/11/2009.
Precautions with regard to explosive or flammable dust, gas, vapour or substance
26. (1) Where any process in a plant used in a workplace gives rise to dust, gas, vapour or substance
that may escape into any place of work and the dust, gas, vapour or substance that may escape is of
such a character and is to such an extent as to be liable to explode on ignition
(a) all reasonably practicable steps shall be taken to prevent such an explosion
(i) by enclosure of the plant used in the process;
(ii) by removal or prevention of accumulation of the dust, gas, vapour or
substance;
(iii) by exclusion or effective enclosure of possible sources of ignition; or
(iv) by the use of suitable flame-proof equipment; and
(b) unless the plant in which the process is carried out is so constructed as to withstand
the pressure likely to be produced by any such explosion, all reasonably practicable
steps shall be taken to restrict the spread and effects of such an explosion by the
provision of chokes, baffles and vents, or other equally effective appliances in the
plant.
(2) Where any part of a plant in a workplace contains any explosive or flammable gas or vapour under
pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, that part shall not be opened, unless it is positively isolated,
depressurised and vented to a safe location, and where necessary, purged to remove any residual gas or
vapour.
(3) No plant, tank or vessel in a workplace that contains, or has contained, any explosive or flammable
substance shall be subjected to
(a) any welding, brazing or soldering operation;
(b) any cutting operation which involves the application of heat; or
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(c) any operation involving the application of heat for the purpose of taking apart or removing the
plant, tank or vessel or any part of it,
until all reasonably practicable steps have been taken to remove the substance and any fumes, gas or
vapour arising from it, or to render the substance and fumes non-explosive and non-flammable.
(4) If any plant, tank or vessel in a workplace has been subjected to any operation referred to in
paragraph (3) (a), (b) or (c), no explosive or flammable substance shall be allowed to enter the plant, tank
or vessel until the metal has cooled sufficiently to prevent any risk of igniting the substance.
(5) No plant, tank or vessel in a workplace which contains, or has contained, any explosive or flammable
substance shall be subjected to any operation referred to in paragraph (3) (a), (b) or (c) unless such plant,
tank or vessel has been inspected and a competent person has certified that
(a) it is free from
(i) any explosive or flammable substance; and
(ii) any fumes, gas or vapour arising from any such substance; or
(b) any explosive or flammable substance, and any fumes, gas or vapour arising from
any such substance, have been rendered non-explosive and non-flammable,
and that it is safe for the operation to be carried out.
(6) Any certificate issued by a competent person under paragraph (5) in respect of any workplace referred
to in that paragraph shall be kept available at all times for inspection by an inspector.
(7) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace referred to in paragraphs (1) to (6) to comply with
those paragraphs.
(8) It shall be the duty of a competent person to exercise all due diligence in making any inspection and
certification under this regulation.
Conditions before steam boiler, steam receiver, air receiver or refrigerating plant pressure
receiver may be used
27. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), it shall be the duty of the owner of any steam boiler, steam receiver,
air receiver or refrigerating plant pressure receiver (referred to in this regulation as relevant equipment)
who intends to put the relevant equipment into use in a workplace to
(a) obtain, in such form and manner as may be determined by the Commissioner, the
approval of the Commissioner to use the relevant equipment;
(b) ensure that such examination and test by an authorised examiner as may be specified
by the Commissioner has been satisfactorily carried out;
(c) obtain from the authorised examiner a report of the examination and test referred to in
sub-paragraph (b), specifying the safe working pressure of the relevant equipment and
stating the nature of the tests to which the relevant equipment and its fittings have
been submitted;
(d) keep the report referred to in sub-paragraph (c) available for inspection; and
(e) mark the relevant equipment so as to enable it to be identified as the relevant
equipment to which the report refers.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to
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(a) any steam boiler referred to in regulation 28 (20) (a) or (21);

(b) any steam receiver referred to in regulation 29 (11);
(c) any air receiver that has been examined in accordance with regulation 31 (5) and
reported on in accordance with regulation 31 (10) or any air receiver referred to in
regulation 31 (12); and
(d) any refrigerating plant pressure receiver where the safe working pressure does not
exceed 0.5 bar or the product of its safe working pressure and volume does not
exceed 100 bar-litre.
Steam boilers
28. (1) Every steam boiler shall be
(a) of good construction, sound material and adequate strength;
(b) free from patent defects; and
(c) properly maintained.
(2) Every steam boiler, whether separate or one of a range
(a) shall have attached to it (i) a suitable safety valve which is
(A) separate from and incapable of being isolated by any stop-valve;
(B) adjusted so as to prevent the boiler from being worked at a pressure greater than the safe working
pressure; and
(C) fixed directly, or as close as practicable, to the boiler;
(ii) a suitable stop-valve connecting the boiler to the steam pipe;
(iii) a correct steam pressure gauge, connected to the steam space and easily visible by the boiler
attendant, which
(A) indicates the pressure of steam in the boiler; and
(B) is marked, in a distinctive colour, with the safe working pressure;
(iv) at least one water gauge of transparent material or any other type approved by the Commissioner
thereof which
(A) shows the water level in the boiler; and
(B) if the gauge is of the glass tubular type and the working pressure in the boiler normally exceeds 275
kilo-newtons per square metre, is provided with an efficient guard that does not obstruct the reading of
the gauge; and
(v) where it is one of 2 or more boilers, a plate bearing a distinctive number which shall be easily visible;
(b) shall be provided with means for attaching a test pressure gauge; and
(c) shall be provided with
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(i) a suitable fusible plug; or

(ii) an efficient low-water alarm device.
(3) Paragraph (2) (a) (ii) shall not apply to any economiser.
(4) Paragraph (2) (a) (iii), (iv) and (v), (b) and (c) shall not apply to any economiser or superheater.
(5) Paragraph (2) (a) (iv), (b) and (c) shall not apply to any steam boiler
(a) which uses electricity as the only form of power;
(b) which has a maximum steam volume of not more than 40 litres and a safe working
pressure of not more than 4 bars; and
(c) into which water is fed manually at the start of the steam generation process and
cannot be fed continuously from a potable water main.
(6) Every
(a) steam boiler referred to in paragraph (5), including all its fittings and attachments,
shall be thoroughly examined by an authorised examiner at least once every 2 years
and also after any extensive repair; and
(b) surface of the external shell of a steam boiler referred to in paragraph (5) shall be
examined by an authorised examiner at least once every 6 years, and for the purpose
of such examination, the insulation on the shell shall be removed completely.
(7) For the purposes of paragraph (2), a lever-valve shall not be considered to be a suitable safety valve.
(8) No steam boiler (other than a steam boiler using electricity as the only form of power) shall be
operated except by or under the control of a person who has successfully completed a training course
acceptable to the Commissioner on the operation of that steam boiler.
(9) Any steam boiler using electricity as the only form of power shall
(a) have attached to it a steam pressure control device which shall be set to the pressure at
or below the maximum permissible working pressure of the boiler; and
(b) have a safety valve attached to the boiler which shall be examined and tested by a
competent person at least once a month, and the report on every such test shall be
recorded and shall be made available for inspection at any time by an inspector.
(10) No person shall enter or be in any steam boiler that is one of a range of 2 or more steam boilers
(a) unless all inlets through which steam or hot water might otherwise enter the boiler from any
other part of the range are disconnected from the part; or
(b) unless
(i) all valves or taps controlling such steam and hot water entry are closed and securely locked;
and
(ii) where the boiler has a blow-off pipe in common with one or more other boilers or which
delivers into a common blow-off vessel or sump, the blow-off valve or tap on each such boiler is
so constructed that it can only be opened by a key which
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(A) cannot be removed until the valve or tap is closed; and

(B) is the only key in use for that set of blow-off valves or taps; and
(C) until the particular boiler has been sufficiently cooled to make it safe for the person
entering or being in the particular boiler.
(11) No work shall be permitted in any boiler-furnace or boiler- flue until it has been sufficiently cooled by
ventilation or by other means to make it safe for the persons at work to work there.
(12) Subject to paragraphs (6) and (14) and regulation 31A, every steam boiler shall be examined by an
authorised examiner
(a) at least once every year; and
(b) after any extensive repairs.
(13) It shall be the duty of the owner of a steam boiler used in a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1),
(2), (6) and (8) to (12).
(14) An authorised examiner may, in his discretion, arrange to make the examination referred to in
paragraph (12) within 3 months after the one year has expired.
(15) (Deleted wef 10th Sep 2011)
(16) Any examination in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (12) shall consist
(a) of an examination of the boiler when it is cold and the interior and exterior have been
prepared in the manner specified by the Commissioner; and
(b) except in the case of an economiser or a superheater, of an examination when it is
under normal steam pressure which
(i) must be made as soon as possible after the examination of the boiler when
cold; and
(ii) must include an examination to determine whether the safety valve is so
adjusted as to prevent the boiler from being worked at a pressure greater than
the safe working pressure, unless prior written permission has been obtained
from the Commissioner.
(a) issue and sign a report, in a form determined by the Commissioner, of the result of the
examination referred to in paragraph (12);
(b) provide a copy of the report referred to in sub-paragraph (a) to the owner of the steam
boiler;
(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, if the examination shows that the steam
boiler cannot continue to be used safely unless repairs are carried out; or
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(d) exercise all due diligence in making any report or in conducting any examination of
any steam boiler under this regulation.
(18) Where the report of any examination under this regulation specifies conditions for securing the safe
working of a steam boiler, it shall be the duty of the owner of the steam boiler to ensure that the boiler is
not used except in accordance with those conditions.
(19) For the purposes of any report to be made under paragraph (17) or regulation 27 (1) (c), the
examination of a steam boiler when it is cold and its examination when it is under steam pressure shall be
treated as separate examinations.
(20) Paragraphs (12) and (14) to (19) shall not apply to
(a) any steam boiler with a maximum permissible working pressure not exceeding 0.5
bar; and
(b) any steam boiler referred to in paragraph (5).
(21) This regulation shall not apply to any steam boiler of a locomotive which is the property of or used by
the railway administered by the Government of Malaysia.
Steam receivers
29. (1) Every steam receiver shall be
(2) Every steam receiver that is not constructed and maintained to safely withstand either the safe
working pressure of the steam boiler or the maximum pressure which can be obtained in the pipe
connecting the receiver with any source of supply, shall be fitted with
(a) a suitable reducing valve or other suitable automatic appliance to prevent the safe
working pressure of the receiver being exceeded;
(b) a suitable safety valve so adjusted as to permit the steam to escape as soon as the safe
working pressure is exceeded, or a suitable appliance for cutting off automatically the
supply of steam as soon as the safe working pressure is exceeded;
(c) a correct steam pressure gauge indicating the pressure of steam in the receiver;
(d) a suitable stop-valve; and
(e) except where only one steam receiver is in use, a plate bearing a distinctive number
which shall be easily visible.
(3) The safety valve and steam pressure gauge referred to in paragraph (2) shall be fitted either
(a) on the steam receiver; or
(b) on the supply pipe between the receiver and the reducing valve or other appliance to
prevent the safe working pressure from being exceeded.
(4) For the purposes of paragraph (2) (a) to (d), any set of receivers supplied with steam through a single
pipe and forming part of a single machine may be treated as one receiver if the set of receivers is fitted on
the single pipe.
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(5) For the purposes of paragraph (2) (a), (b) and (c), any other set of receivers supplied with steam
through a single pipe may be treated as one receiver if the set of receivers is fitted on the single pipe,
provided that the reducing valve or other appliance to prevent the safe working pressure being exceeded
is fitted on that single pipe.
(6) Subject to paragraph (7) and regulation 31A, every steam receiver shall be examined by an
authorised examiner
(a) at least once every 2 years; and
(b) after any extensive repairs.
paragraph (6) within 3 months after the 2 years have expired.
(9) It shall be the duty of the owner of a steam receiver used in a workplace to comply with paragraphs
(1), (2), (3) and (6).
(b) provide a copy of the report referred to in sub-paragraph (a) to the owner of the steam
receiver; and
(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, if the examination shows that the steam
receiver cannot continue to be used safely unless repairs are carried out; or
any steam receiver under this regulation.
(11) Paragraphs (6), (7), (8) and (10) shall not apply to any steam receiver where the safe working
pressure does not exceed 0.5 bar or the product of its safe working pressure and volume does not
exceed 100 bar-litre.
Steam containers
30. The owner of every steam container used in a workplace shall ensure that the steam container shall
be so maintained as to secure that the outlet is at all times kept open and free from obstruction.
Air receivers
31. (1) Every air receiver shall be of sound construction and properly maintained.
(2) Every air receiver shall
(a) be conspicuously marked with its safe working pressure;
(b) in the case of a receiver connected with an air compressing plant
(i) be so constructed as to withstand with safety the maximum pressure which can
be obtained in the compressor; or
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(ii) be fitted with a suitable reducing valve or other suitable appliance to prevent
the safe working pressure of the receiver from being exceeded;
(c) be fitted with a suitable safety valve so adjusted as to permit the air to escape as soon
as the safe working pressure is exceeded;
(d) be fitted with an accurate pressure gauge indicating the pressure in the receiver;
(e) except in the case of a receiver in which substance in the form of solid or liquid is
stored and from which it is forced by compressed air, be fitted with a suitable
appliance for draining the receiver;
(f) be provided with a suitable manhole, handhole or other means which will allow the
interior to be thoroughly cleaned; and
(g) where there is more than one receiver in use in the workplace, bear a distinguishing
mark which shall be easily visible.
(3) For the purpose of paragraph (2) (c) or (d), but subject to paragraph (4), any set of air receivers
supplied with air through a single pipe may be treated as one receiver.
(4) Where a suitable reducing valve or other suitable appliance to prevent the safe working pressure from
being exceeded is required to be fitted on the air receiver, the valve or appliance must be fitted on the
single pipe.
(5) Subject to paragraph (6) and regulation 31A, every air receiver shall be
(a) thoroughly cleaned; and
(b) examined by an authorised examiner at least once every 2 years.
paragraph (5) within 3 months after the 2 years have expired.
(8) For the purpose of paragraph (5), where the receiver is of solid drawn construction and is constructed
so that the internal surface cannot be thoroughly examined, a suitable hydraulic test of the receiver shall
be carried out in lieu of internal examination.
(9) It shall be the duty of the owner of an air receiver used in a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1),
(2), (4), (5) and (8).
(b) provide a copy of the report referred to in sub-paragraph (a) to the owner of the air
receiver; and
(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, if the examination shows that the air
receiver cannot continue to be used safely unless repairs are carried out; or
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any air receiver under this regulation.
(11) Any person who charges an air receiver used in a workplace from the cylinder of an internal
combustion engine shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding
$20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.
(12) Paragraphs (5) to (8) and (10) shall not apply to any air receiver where the safe working pressure
does not exceed 0.5 bar or the product of its safe working pressure and volume does not exceed 100 barlitre.
Extension of time for examination of steam boilers, steam receivers and air receivers
31A.(1) The Commissioner may, on an application made by the owner of a steam boiler, steam
receiver or air receiver, allow the time delimited by regulation 28, 29 or 31 for the examination by an
authorised examiner of the steam boiler, steam receiver or air receiver, as the case may be, to be
extended subject to such conditions as the Commissioner may determine in any particular case.
(2) An application made under paragraph (1) shall be accompanied by
(a) the payment of a non-refundable fee to the Commissioner of $115; and
(b) a certificate issued by a competent person appointed by the owner of the steam boiler,
steam receiver or air receiver, as the case may be, recommending the extended period
within which the examination of the steam boiler, steam receiver or air receiver is to
be made.
(3) It shall be the duty of the competent person referred to in paragraph (2)(b)
(a) before issuing the certificate referred to in paragraph (2)(b), to take so far as is
reasonably practicable such measures that are necessary to assess and examine the
steam boiler, steam receiver or air receiver, as the case may be, to ensure that it is safe
for its intended use during the extended period; and
(b) to issue, as soon as is reasonably practicable, to the owner of the steam boiler, steam
receiver or air receiver, as the case may be, the certificate referred to in paragraph
(2)(b).
(4) Any competent person referred to in paragraph (2)(b) who, without reasonable excuse, contravenes
any duty imposed on him under paragraph (3) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine
not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6months or to both.
Periodical examinations when authorised examiner is not available
32. (1) If any person required under these Regulations to arrange for an authorised examiner to carry
out any periodical examination is unable to locate an authorised examiner willing to carry out the
inspection within the required time, the person shall
(a) immediately inform the Commissioner of that fact in such form as the Commissioner
may specify;
(b) provide the Commissioner with
(i) particulars of the machinery or plant which is to be examined;
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(ii) the date on which the machinery or plant was last examined by an authorised
examiner; and
(iii) the particulars of the person who last carried out the examination; and
(c) ensure that the machinery or plant is examined as required by these Regulations by an
authorised examiner within 30 days of the Commissioner informing him of an
authorised examiner who is willing to carry out the examination.
(2) Any person who complies with paragraph (1) shall not be guilty of any offence in respect of the
contravention of the provision in these Regulations requiring the examination by an authorised examiner.
Pressure vessel containing hazardous substance
33. (1) It shall be the duty of the owner of a pressure vessel used in any workplace that contains any
hazardous substance to ensure that it is
(b) free from patent defects;
(c) properly maintained; and
(d) inspected by a competent person before use and thereafter within such period as the
Commissioner may specify.
(2) The owner of a pressure vessel shall
(a) maintain a record of the inspection referred to in paragraph (1) (d); and
(b) keep such record available for inspection by an inspector.
(3) It shall be the duty of a competent person to exercise all due diligence in conducting any inspection
under this regulation.
Pipes and equipment conveying certain substances
34. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to ensure that every pipe, pump, compressor and
other equipment in the workplace used to convey steam, air, refrigerant or any hazardous substance, and
each part and fitting of, and attachment to, every pipe, pump, compressor and other equipment is
Gas plants
35. (1) Every gas plant shall be of sound construction and properly maintained.
(2) Every gas plant shall be inspected by a competent person before use and thereafter within such
period as the Commissioner may specify.
(3) Every water-sealed gasholder which has a storage capacity of not less than 25 cubic metres shall be
examined externally by a competent person at least once every 2 years.
(4) A record of the examination referred to in paragraph (3) containing such particulars as the
Commissioner may determine shall be entered in or attached to a register.
(5) No gasholder shall be repaired or demolished except under the direct supervision of a person who
(a) by his training and experience; and
(b) with his knowledge of the necessary precautions against risks of explosion and of
persons being overcome by gas,
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is competent to supervise the work.

(6) No gas filling shall be allowed except under the direct supervision of a person who
(a) by his training and experience; and
(b) with his knowledge of the necessary precautions against any risk,
is competent to supervise the work.
(7) No gas cylinder shall be filled unless
(a) the cylinder has been examined or tested by a competent person
(i) where the cylinder is for corrosive gases, at least once every 2 years; or
(ii) where the cylinder is for other gases, at least once every 5 years; and
(b) the result of such examination or test is entered in a register and kept for inspection by an inspector.
(8) It shall be the duty of the owner of a gas plant used in a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1) to
(7).
(9) It shall be the duty of a competent person to exercise all due diligence in conducting any test or
examination under this regulation.
Repair of pressure vessel
36. If repairs to any pressure vessel used in a workplace are likely to cause a dangerous occurrence if
improperly carried out, it shall be the duty of the owner of the pressure vessel to obtain the written
approval of the Commissioner before the repairs are carried out.
Prevention of fire
37. (1) All reasonably practicable steps shall be taken in a workplace to keep sources of heat or ignition
separate from
(a) flammable materials in the workplace; or
(b) any process carried on at the workplace that gives rise to any flammable gas or
vapour.
(2) There shall be provided and maintained in a workplace means of extinguishing fire which shall be
(a) readily accessible;
(b) adequate and suitable having regard to the circumstances of each case; and
(c) tested by a competent person at such regular intervals as the Commissioner may
determine.
(3) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1) and (2).
Safety provisions in case of fire
38. (1) There shall be provided in a workplace such means of escape in case of fire for the persons at
work in the workplace
(a) as may be reasonably required in the circumstances of each case; and
(b) which shall be properly maintained and kept free from obstruction.
(2) The contents of any room in which persons are at work shall be so arranged or disposed that there is
a free passageway for all persons at work in the room to a means of escape in case of fire.
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(3) In every workplace, all doors affording any person at work in a workplace means of exit from
(a) the workplace;
(b) any room in the workplace; or
(c) any building or enclosure in which the workplace is situated,
shall only be locked or fastened in such a manner that the doors can easily and immediately be opened
from the inside.
(4) In every workplace, all doors affording means of exit from the workplace for the persons at work in the
workplace shall, except in the case of sliding doors, be constructed to open outwards.
(5) Every exit affording means of escape in case of fire or giving access to such means of escape shall be
conspicuously marked with an exit sign of an adequate size.
(6) In every workplace, effective steps shall be taken to ensure that all the persons at work in the
workplace are familiar with
(a) the means of escape in case of fire and their use; and
(b) the routine to be followed in case of fire.
(7) In every workplace, there shall be effective warning devices that
(a) are capable of being operated without exposing any person to undue risk;
(b) are maintained and tested at least once every month;
(c) give warning in case of fire; and
(d) are clearly audible throughout the workplace.
PART IV
SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE
10B
1B
Toxic dust, fumes or other contaminants

39. (1) Where any process or work carried on in any workplace is likely to produce or give off any toxic
dust, fumes, gas, vapour, mist, fibre or other contaminants, all reasonably practicable measures shall be
taken to
(a) prevent their accumulation in the workplace; and
(b) protect persons at work in the workplace against exposure to the toxic dust, fumes,
gas, vapour, mist, fibre or other contaminants through inhalation, ingestion or skin
contact.
(2) The measures to be taken under paragraph (1) shall, where appropriate, include one or more of the
following:
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(a) carrying out the process or work in isolated areas where persons not connected with
the process or work are prohibited from being present;
(b) carrying out the process or work in closed vessels or systems to prevent persons at
work in the workplace from coming into contact with the toxic dust, fumes, gas,
vapour, mist, fibre or other contaminants;
(c) providing adequate ventilation to dilute the fumes, gas, vapour, mist, fibre or other
contaminants;
(d) providing local exhaust ventilation to remove the toxic dust, fumes, gas, vapour, mist,
fibre or other contaminants at their sources of emission; and
(e) carrying out the process or work wet.
(3) The local exhaust ventilation system referred to in paragraph (2) (d) shall be so designed, constructed,
operated and maintained that the toxic dust, fumes, gas, vapour, mist, fibre or other contaminants are
safely and effectively removed at the source of generation and are not dispersed or scattered in the
surrounding air.
(4) Accumulation of toxic dust, fibre or waste on the floors, walls, work benches or other surfaces in any
workplace shall be removed by washing, vacuum cleaning or other suitable means in a manner that will
not make the toxic dust, fibre or waste airborne.
(5) No stationary internal combustion engine shall be used unless provision is made for conducting the
exhaust gases from the engine into the open air.
(6) The atmosphere of any place of work in which toxic substances are manufactured, handled, used or
given off shall be tested by a competent person at sufficient intervals to ensure that toxic dust, fumes,
gases, vapours, mists or fibres are not present in quantities liable to injure the health of persons at work.
(7) Notwithstanding paragraph (6), the Commissioner may, by order in writing, require the occupier of a
workplace to engage a competent person
(a) to monitor, test or assess the environment of any workplace for potential health
hazards; and
(b) to take air samples in the breathing zone of the persons who are exposed to toxic dust,
fumes, gases, vapours, mists, fibres or other contaminants by using appropriate
personal sampling equipment.
(8) A record of the result of every test carried out under paragraphs (6) and (7) shall be kept available for
inspection by an inspector for at least 5 years from the date of the test or such other period as the
Commissioner may specify in writing.
(9) Paragraphs (1), (2), (6) and (7) shall not apply to any workplace where
(a) it is impracticable to comply with such requirements; and
(b) suitable air-supplied breathing apparatus is used by every person at the workplace.
(10) The air-supplied breathing apparatus used under paragraph (9) shall be supplied with air
(a) of a temperature and humidity comfortable for breathing; and
- 28 -
(b) which has been suitably treated to remove particles of any material, oil mist, vapour,
odour, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
(11) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to comply with paragraphs (1) to (6), (8) and (10).
(12) It shall be the duty of a competent person to exercise all due diligence in conducting any test under
this regulation.
Permissible exposure levels of toxic substances
40. (1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace to take all reasonably practicable measures to
ensure that no person at work in the workplace is exposed to the toxic substances specified in the First
Schedule in excess of the permissible exposure levels specified in that Schedule.
(2) Where the PEL (Short Term) of a toxic substance is not specified in the First Schedule, the PEL (Short
Term) of the substance shall be deemed to be exceeded if the time weighted average concentration of
the substance measured over a 15-minute period during any working day exceeds 5 times the PEL (Long
Term) of that substance as specified in that Schedule.
(3) Where there is exposure to more than one toxic substance at the same time and the substances have
similar harmful effects, the permissible exposure level shall be deemed to have been exceeded if the sum
of the ratios between the time weighted average concentration and the permissible exposure level of
each substance exceeds one.
Hazardous substances
41. (1) All hazardous substances in a workplace shall be placed under the control of a competent
person who has adequate knowledge of the properties of the hazardous substances and their dangers.
(2) Adequate warning notices in languages understood by all persons at work in a workplace specifying
the nature of the danger of the hazardous substances shall be placed
(a) at all entrances to any workroom; and
(b) at appropriate locations,
where the hazardous substances are used or present.
(3) Persons at work in a workplace who are liable to be exposed to hazardous substances shall be
warned of the hazards involved and the precautionary measures to be taken.
(4) All hazardous substances in a workplace shall be kept, stored, used, handled or disposed of in such a
manner as not to pose a risk to the health and safety of any person at work in the workplace.
(6) Any person at work in a workplace who wilfully or recklessly does any act that may result in any other
person being exposed to hazardous substances shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.
Warning labels
42. It shall be the duty of the occupier of a workplace in which there is any container of hazardous
substances to ensure that, so far as reasonably practicable, every such container is affixed with one or
more warning labels that conform with
(a) any Singapore Standard relating to the classification and labelling of hazardous substances; or
(b) such other standards, codes of practice or guidance relating to the classification and labelling of
hazardous substances as is issued or approved by the Council.
- 29 -
Safety data sheet

43. (1) Where any hazardous substance is used, handled or stored in a workplace, it shall be the duty
of the occupier of the workplace to
(a) obtain a safety data sheet of the substance;
(b) assess the information in the safety data sheet and take precautionary measures to
ensure the safe use of the substance; and
(c) make available the safety data sheet to all persons at work in the workplace who are
liable to be exposed to the substance.
(2) Where any hazardous substance is sold to any person for use in a workplace, it shall be the duty of
the seller or any agent of the seller who caused or procured the sale to provide the buyer with a safety
data sheet for the substance that
(a) gives accurate and adequate information on the substance; and
(b) conforms with any Singapore Standard relating to safety data sheets or such other standards,
codes of practice or guidance as is issued or approved by the Council.
(3) Any seller or agent of any seller who fails to provide a safety data sheet under paragraph (2) or any
person who provides inaccurate, inadequate or misleading information in a safety data sheet shall be
guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Exclusion from regulations 41, 42 and 43
44.(1) Regulations 41, 42 and 43 shall not apply in respect of the use, handling or storage in a
workplace, or the sale for use in a workplace, of any hazardous substance that is in a consumer package
and that is intended for retail sale.
(2) In this regulation
consumer package means a container that is intended for retail display and sale to households or
offices, and includes a container that is transported or distributed as part of a larger consolidated
container that consists of a number of identical consumer packages;
container means anything in or by which substances are or have been wholly or partly encased,
covered or packed.
PART V
MISCELLANEOUS
12B
13B
Offence
45. Any person who contravenes any provision of these Regulations which imposes a duty on him for
which no penalty is expressly provided shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a
fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.
FIRST SCHEDULE
Regulations 2 and 40
14B
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVELS OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES

15B
- 30 -
Toxic Substance
Permissible Exposure Level (PEL)

PEL
(Long Term)
PEL
(Short Term)
ppma
mg/m3 b
ppma
mg/m3 b
Acetaldehyde
25
45
Acetic acid
10
25
15
37
Acetic anhydride
21
750
1780
1000
2380
Acetone cyanohydrin
4.7
Acetonitrile
40
67
60
101
Acetophenone
10
49
Acetylene tetrabromide
14
Acrolein
0.1
0.23
0.3
0.69
Acrylamide
0.03
Acrylic acid
5.9
Acrylonitrile (Vinyl cyanide)
4.3
Adipic acid
Adiponitrile
8.8
Aldrin
0.25
Allyl alcohol
4.8
9.5
Allyl chloride
Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)
23
10
47
Allyl propyl disulfide
12
18
Metal dust
10
Pyro powders, as Al
Welding fumes, as Al
Soluble salts, as Al
Alkyls, as Al
Aluminium oxide
10
2-Aminopyridine
0.5
1.9
Amitrole
0.2
Ammonia
25
17
35
24
Ammonium chloride fume
10
20
Ammonium perfluorooctanoate
0.01
Ammonium sulfamate
10
n-Amyl acetate
100
532
sec-Amyl acetate
125
665
7.6
0.1
0.5
Acetone
Aluminium
Aniline
Anisidine
- 31 -
Antimony and compounds, as Sb
0.5
Antimony trioxide, as Sb
0.5
Arsenic, elemental and inorganic compounds, as

As
0.01
0.05
0.16
Asbestos (all forms)
0.1 (fibre/cc)
Asphalt (petroleum) fumes
Atrazine
Azinphos-methyl
0.2
Barium, soluble compounds, as Ba
0.5
Barium sulfate
10
Benomyl
0.84
10
Benzene
3.18
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl chloride
5.2
Beryllium and compounds, as Be
0.002
Biphenyl
0.2
1.3
Undoped
10
Se-doped
Anhydrous
Decahydrate
Pentahydrate
Boron oxide
10
Boron tribromide
10
Boron trifluoride
2.8
Bromacil
10
Bromine
0.1
0.66
0.2
1.3
Bromine pentafluoride
0.1
0.72
Bromoform
0.5
5.2
4.4
800
1900
50
152
sec-Butanol
100
303
tert-Butanol
100
303
2-Butoxyethanol (EGBE)
25
121
n-Butyl acetate
150
713
200
950
sec-Butyl acetate
200
950
tert-Butyl acetate
200
950
Arsine
Bismuth telluride,
Borates, tetra sodium salts
1,3-Butadiene
Butane
n-Butanol
- 32 -
n-Butyl acrylate
10
52
n-Butylamine
15
tert-Butyl chromate, as CrO3
0.1
n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE)
25
133
0.1
n-Butyl lactate
30
0.5
1.8
o-sec-Butylphenol
31
p-tert-Butyl toluene
6.1
Elemental
0.01
Compounds
0.002
Calcium carbonate (Limestone, Marble)
10
Calcium chromate, as Cr
0.001
Calcium cyanamide
0.5
Calcium cyanide
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium oxide
Calcium silicate
10
Calcium sulfate
10
Camphor
12
19
Dust
Vapour
23
10
46
Captafol
0.1
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
0.1
Carbon black
3.5
Carbon dioxide
5000
9000
30,000
54,000
Carbon disulfide
10
31
Carbon monoxide
25
29
Carbon tetrabromide
0.1
1.4
0.3
4.1
Carbon tetrachloride
(Tetrachloromethane)
31
10
63
Carbonyl fluoride
5.4
13
Catechol (Pyrocatechol)
23
Cellulose
10
Cesium hydroxide
Chlordane
0.5
Chlorinated camphene (Toxaphene)
0.5
Butyl mercaptan (Butanethiol)
Cadmium, as Cd
Caprolactam
- 33 -
Chlorinated diphenyl oxide
0.5
Chlorine
0.5
1.5
2.9
Chlorine dioxide
0.1
0.28
0.3
0.83
Chlorine trifluoride
0.1
0.38
Chloroacetaldehyde
3.2
Chloroacetone
3.8
2-Chloroacetophenone (Phenacyl chloride)
0.05
0.32
Chloroacetyl chloride
0.05
0.23
0.15
0.69
Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene)
10
46
o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
0.05
0.39
Chlorobromomethane
(Bromochloromethane)
200
1060
Chlorodifluoromethane
1000
3540
Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
0.5
Chloroform (Trichloromethane)
10
49
bis (Chloromethyl) ether
0.001
0.0047
1-Chloro-1-nitropropane
10
Chloropentafluoroethane
1000
6320
Chloropicrin (Trichloronitromethane)
0.1
0.67
-Chloroprene (2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene)
10
36
2-Chloropropionic acid
0.1
0.44
o-Chlorostyrene
50
283
75
425
o-Chlorotoluene
50
259
Chlorpyrifos
0.2
Metal and Cr III compounds
0.5
Water-soluble Cr VI compounds
0.05
Insoluble Cr VI compounds
0.01
0.025
0.16
Clopidol
10
Coal, respirable dust
Coal tar pitch volatiles (Polycylic aromatic

hydrocarbons), as benzene solubles
0.2
Cobalt, elemental and inorganic compounds, as

Co
0.02
Cobalt carbonyl, as Co
0.1
Cobalt hydrocarbonyl, as Co
0.1
0.2
Chromium, metal and inorganic compounds, as

Cr
Chromyl chloride
Copper
Fume
- 34 -
Dusts and mists, as Cu
Cotton dust, raw
0.2
Cresol
22
Crotonaldehyde
5.7
Crufomate
Cumene
50
246
Cyanamide
Cyanogen
10
21
Cyanogen chloride
0.3
0.75
Cyclohexane
300
1030
Cyclohexanol
50
206
Cyclohexanone
25
100
Cyclohexene
300
1010
Cyclohexylamine
10
41
Cyclonite
1.5
Cyclopentadiene
75
203
Cyclopentane
600
1720
Cyhexatin (Tricyclo hexyltin)
DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
Decaborane
0.05
0.25
0.15
0.75
Demeton
0.01
0.11
Diacetone alcohol
(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone)
50
238
Diazinon
0.1
Diazomethane
0.2
0.34
Diborane
0.1
0.11
2-N-Dibutylaminoethanol
0.5
3.5
Dibutyl phenyl phosphate
0.3
3.5
Dibutyl phosphate
8.6
17
Dibutyl phthalate
Dichloroacetylene
0.1
0.39
o-Dichlorobenzene
25
150
50
301
p-Dichlorobenzene
10
60
1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
0.005
0.025
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1000
4950
0.2
0.4
1,1-Dichloroethane
(Ethylidene chloride)
100
405
1,2-Dichloroethylene
(Acetylene dichloride)
200
793
29
10
58
1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin
Dichloroethyl ether
- 35 -
Dichlorofluoromethane
10
42
1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane
12
1,3-Dichloropropene
4.5
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
5.8
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
1000
6990
Dichlorvos
0.1
0.90
Dicrotophos
0.25
Dicyclopentadiene
27
Dicyclopentadienyl iron
10
Dieldrin
0.25
0.46
Diethylamine
15
15
45
2-Diethylaminoethanol
9.6
Diethylene triamine
4.2
200
705
Difluorodibromomethane
100
858
Diglycidyl ether (DGE)
0.1
0.53
Diisobutyl ketone (2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone)
25
145
Diisopropylamine
21
N,N-Dimethyl acetamide
10
36
Dimethylamine
9.2
15
27.6
Dimethylaniline
(N,N-Dimethylaniline)
25
10
50
Dimethylformamide
10
30
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
0.5
1.2
Dimethylphthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
0.1
0.52
Dinitolmide (3,5-Dinitro-o-toluamide)
Dinitrobenzene
0.15
1.0
Dinitro-o-cresol
0.2
Dinitrotoluene
0.15
Dioxane
25
90
Dioxathion
0.2
Diphenylamine
10
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
100
606
150
909
Dipropyl ketone
50
233
Total dust
0.5
Respirable dust
0.1
Diethanolamine
Diethyl ketone
Diethyl phthalate
Diquat
- 36 -
Di-sec-octyl phthalate (Di (-2-ethylhexyl)

phthalate)
10
Disulfiram
Disulfoton
0.1
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
10
Diuron
10
Divinyl benzene
10
53
Emery
10
Endosulfan
0.1
Endrin
0.1
Enflurane
75
566
Epichlorohydrin (1-Chloro-2, 3-epoxypropane)
7.6
EPN
0.1
1000
1880
Ethanolamine
7.5
15
Ethion
0.4
2-Ethoxyethanol (EGEE)
18
2-Ethoxyethyl acetate (EGEEA)
27
Ethyl acetate
400
1440
Ethyl acrylate
20
15
61
Ethylamine
9.2
15
27.6
Ethyl amyl ketone (5-Methyl-3-heptanone)
25
131
Ethyl benzene
100
434
125
543
Ethyl bromide
22
Ethyl butyl ketone (3-Heptanone)
50
234
1000
2640
Ethylene chlorohydrin
3.3
Ethylenediamine (1,2-Diaminoethane)
10
25
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane)
10
40
Ethylene glycol
50
127
0.05
0.31
1.8
Ethylenimine
0.5
0.88
Ethyl ether (Diethyl ether)
400
1210
500
1520
Ethyl formate
100
303
Ethylidene norbornene
25
Ethyl mercaptan (Ethanethiol)
0.5
1.3
N-Ethylmorpholine
24
Ethyl silicate
10
85
Fenamiphos
0.1
Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol)
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Ethylene oxide
- 37 -
Fensulfothion
0.1
Fenthion
0.2
Ferbam
10
Ferrovanadium dust
Fibrous glass dust
10
Fluorides, as F
2.5
Fluorine
1.6
3.1
Fonofos
0.1
Formaldehyde
0.3
0.37
Formamide
10
18
Formic acid
9.4
10
19
Furfural
7.9
Furfuryl alcohol
10
40
15
60
Gasoline
300
890
500
1480
Germanium tetrahydride
0.2
0.63
Glutaraldehyde
0.2
0.82
Glycerin mist
10
Glycidol (2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol)
25
76
Grain dust (oat, wheat, barley)
Graphite, respirable dust
Hafnium
0.5
Halothane
50
404
Heptachlor and Heptachlor epoxide
0.05
400
1640
500
2050
Hexachlorobenzene
0.025
Hexachlorobutadiene
0.02
0.21
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.01
0.11
Hexachloroethane
9.7
Hexachloronaphthalene
0.2
Hexafluoroacetone
0.1
0.68
0.005
0.034
1,6-Hexanediamine
0.5
2.3
Hexane (n-Hexane)
50
176
Other isomers
500
1760
1000
3500
sec-Hexyl acetate
50
295
Hexylene glycol
25
121
Hydrazine
0.1
0.13
Hydrogenated terphenyls
0.5
4.9
Hydrogen bromide
9.9
Hydrogen chloride
7.5
Heptane
Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- 38 -
Hydrogen cyanide
4.7
Hydrogen fluoride
2.6
Hydrogen peroxide
1.4
Hydrogen selenide
0.05
0.16
Hydrogen sulfide
10
14
15
21
Hydroquinone (Dihydroxy benzene)
2-Hydroxypropyl acrylate
0.5
2.8
Indene
10
48
Indium and compounds, as In
0.1
Iodine
0.1
1.0
Iodoform
0.6
10
Iron oxide dust and fume, as Fe
Iron pentacarbonyl, as Fe
0.1
0.23
0.2
0.45
Iron salts, soluble, as Fe
Isoamyl acetate
100
532
Isoamyl alcohol
100
361
125
452
Isobutyl acetate
150
713
Isobutyl alcohol
50
152
Isooctyl alcohol
50
266
Isophorone
28
0.005
0.045
Isoproproxyethanol
25
106
Isopropyl acetate
250
1040
310
1290
Isopropyl alcohol
400
983
500
1230
Isopropylamine
12
10
24
N-Isopropylaniline
11
Isopropyl ether
250
1040
310
1300
Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IGE)
50
238
75
356
Kaolin, respirable dust
Ketene
0.5
0.86
1.5
2.6
Lead, inorganic dusts and fumes, as Pb
0.15
Lead arsenate
0.15
as Pb
0.05
as Cr
0.012
Lindane
0.5
Lithium hydride
0.025
1000
1800
Magnesite
10
Magnesium oxide fume
10
Isophorone diisocyanate
Lead chromate
L.P.G. (Liquified petroleum gas)
- 39 -
Malathion
10
0.25
1.0
Dust and compounds
Fume
Manganese cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl, as Mn
0.1
Alkyl compounds
0.01
0.03
Aryl compounds
0.1
Inorganic forms including metallic mercury
0.025
Mesityl oxide
15
60
25
100
Methacrylic acid
20
70
Methanol (Methyl alcohol)
200
262
250
328
Methomyl
2.5
Methoxychlor
10
2-Methyoxyethanol (EGME)
16
2-Methoxyethyl acetate (Ethylene glycol methyl

ethyl acetate, EGMEA)
24
4-Methoxyphenol
Methyl acetate
200
606
250
757
Methyl acetylene (Propyne)
1000
1640
Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture

(MAPP)
1000
1640
1250
2050
Methyl acrylate
10
35
Methylacrylonitrile
2.7
1000
3110
Methylamine
6.4
15
19
Methyl n-amyl ketone (2-Heptanone)
50
233
N-Methyl aniline
0.5
2.2
Methyl bromide
19
Methyl-tert butyl ether
40
144
Methyl n-butyl ketone (2-Hexanone)
20
Methyl chloride
50
103
100
207
Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate
9.1
18
Methylcyclohexane
400
1610
Methylcyclohexanol
50
234
0-Methylcyclohexanone
50
229
75
344
2-Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese
tricarbonyl, as Mn
0.2
Methyl demeton
0.5
0.005
0.051
Maleic anhydride
Manganese, as Mn
Mercury
Methylal (Dimethoxymethane)
Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI, Diphenyl
- 40 -
methane diisocyanate)
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)
50
174
4,4-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline)

[MOCA]
0.01
0.11
Methylene bis (4-cyclo-hexylisocyanate)
0.005
0.054
4,4-Methylene dianiline
0.1
0.81
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, 2-Butanone)
200
590
300
885
0.2
1.5
100
246
150
368
Methyl hydrazine
0.2
0.38
Methyl iodide
12
Methyl isoamyl ketone
50
234
Methyl isobutyl carbinol (Methyl amyl alcohol)
25
104
40
167
Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone)
50
205
75
307
Methyl isocyanate
0.02
0.047
Methyl isopropyl ketone
200
705
Methyl mercaptan (Methanethiol)
0.5
0.98
Methyl methacrylate
100
410
0.2
200
705
250
881
Methyl silicate
Methyl styrene
50
242
100
483
Metribuzin
Mevinphos (Phosdrin)
0.01
0.092
0.03
0.27
Mica, respirable dust
Mineral wool fiber
10
Soluble compounds
Insoluble compounds
10
Monocrotophos
0.25
Morpholine
20
71
Naled (Dimethyl-1,2-dibromo-2,2 dichloroethyl

phosphate)
Naphtha
300
1370
Naphthalene
10
52
15
79
Metal
Insoluble compounds, as Ni
Soluble compounds, as Ni
0.1
0.05
0.12
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Methyl formate
Methyl parathion
Methyl propyl ketone (2-Pentanone)
Molybdenum, as Mo
Nickel
Nickel carbonyl, as Ni
Nickel sulfide, as Ni
- 41 -
Nicotine
0.5
Nitrapyrin (2-Chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine)
10
20
Nitric acid
5.2
10
Nitric oxide
25
31
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
p-Nitrochlorobenzene
0.1
0.64
Nitroethane
100
307
Nitrogen dioxide
5.6
9.4
Nitrogen trifluoride
10
29
Nitroglycerin (NG)
0.05
0.46
Nitromethane
20
50
1-Nitropropane
25
91
2-Nitropropane
10
36
Nitrotoluene
11
Nitrous oxide
50
90
Nonane
200
1050
Nuisance particulates
10
Octachloronaphthalene
0.1
0.3
300
1400
375
1750
10
0.0002
0.0016
0.0006
0.0047
Oxalic acid
Oxygen difluoride
0.05
0.11
Ozone
0.1
0.20
Paraffin wax fume
Total dust
0.5
Respirable dust
0.1
Parathion
0.1
0.005
0.013
0.015
0.039
Pentachloronaphthalene
0.5
Pentachloronitrobenzene
0.5
Pentachlorophenol
0.5
Pentaerythritol
10
Pentane
600
1770
750
2210
Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene)
25
170
100
685
Perchloromethyl mercaptan
0.1
0.76
Perchloryl fluoride
13
25
Perfluoroisobutylene
0.01
0.082
Octane
Oil Mist, mineral
Osmium tetroxide, as Os
Paraquat
Pentaborane
- 42 -
Perlite
10
Phenol
19
Phenothiazine
Phenylenediamine
0.1
Phenyl ether
14
Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE)
0.1
0.6
Phenylhydrazine
0.1
0.44
Phenyl mercaptan
0.5
2.3
Phenylphosphine
0.05
0.23
Phorate
0.05
0.2
Phosgene
0.1
0.40
Phosphine
0.3
0.42
1.4
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorus
0.02
0.1
Phosphorus oxychloride
0.1
0.63
Phosphorus pentachloride
0.1
0.85
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus trichloride
0.2
1.1
0.5
2.8
Phthalic anhydride
6.1
m-Phthalodinitrile
Picloram
10
Picric acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)
0.1
Pindone (2-Pivalyl-1,3-indandione)
0.1
Piperazine dihydrochloride
Metal
Soluble salts, as Pt
0.002
Portland cement
10
Potassium cyanide
Potassium hydroxide
Propargyl alcohol
2.3
-Propiolactone
0.5
1.5
Propionic acid
10
30
Propoxur
0.5
n-Propyl acetate
200
835
250
1040
n-Propyl alcohol
200
492
250
614
Propylene dichloride
(1,2-Dichloropropane)
75
347
110
508
Propylene glycol dinitrate
0.05
0.34
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
100
369
150
553
Platinum
- 43 -
Propylene imine
4.7
Propylene oxide (1,2-Epoxypropane)
20
48
n-Propyl nitrate
25
107
40
172
Pyrethrum
Pyridine
16
Quinone
0.1
0.44
Resorcinol
10
45
20
90
Metal
Insoluble compounds, as Rh
Soluble compounds, as Rh
0.01
Ronnel
10
Rotenone
Rouge
10
Selenium and compounds, as Se
0.2
0.05
0.16
10
Diatomaceous earth (uncalcined)
10
Precipitated silica
10
Silica, fume, respirable dust
Silica, fused, respirable dust
0.1
Silica gel
10
Cristobalite, respirable dust
0.05
Quartz, respirable dust
0.1
Tridymite, respirable dust
0.05
Tripoli, respirable dust
0.1
Silicon
10
Silicon carbide
10
Silicon tetrahydride
6.6
Metal
0.1
Soluble compounds, as Ag
0.01
Respirable dust
Total dust
Sodium azide as Hydrazoic acid
0.29
vapour
0.11
Sodium bisulfite
Rhodium
Selenium hexafluoride
Sesone
Silica-Amorphous
Silica-Crystalline
Silver
Soapstone
- 44 -
Sodium cyanide
Sodium fluoroacetate
0.05
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium metabisulfite
Starch
10
Stearates
10
Stibine
0.1
0.51
Stoddard solvent
100
525
Strontium chromate
0.0005
Strychnine
0.15
Styrene, monomer (Phenylethylene, vinyl

benzene)
50
213
100
426
Subtilisins
0.00006
Sucrose
10
Sulfometuron methyl
Sulfotep
0.2
Sulfur dioxide
5.2
13
1000
5970
Sulfuric acid
Sulfur monochloride
5.5
Sulfur pentafluoride
0.01
0.10
Sulfur tetrafluoride
0.1
0.44
Sulfuryl fluoride
21
10
42
Sulprofos
Talc
Tantalum, metal and oxide, as Ta
Tellurium and compounds, as Te
0.1
0.02
0.10
Temephos
10
Terephthalic acid
10
0.004
0.047
0.53
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane
500
4170
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
500
4170
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
6.9
Tetrachloronaphthalene
Tetraethyl lead, as Pb
0.1
200
590
250
737
Tetramethyl lead, as Pb
0.15
Tetramethyl succinonitrile
0.5
2.8
Sulfur hexafluoride
Tellurium hexafluoride
TEPP
Terphenyls
Tetrahydrofuran
- 45 -
Tetranitromethane
0.005
0.04
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Tetryl (2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl methylnitramine)
1.5
Thallium, elemental and soluble compounds, as

Ti
0.1
4,4-Thiobis (6-tert-butyl-m-cresol)
10
Thioglycolic acid
3.8
Thioyl chloride
4.9
Thiram
Metal
Oxide inorganic compounds, as Sn
Organic compounds, as Sn
0.1
0.2
Titanium dioxide
10
Toluene (Toluol)
50
188
0.005
0.036
0.02
0.14
8.8
Tributyl phosphate
0.2
2.2
Trichloroacetic acid
6.7
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
37
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform)
350
1910
450
2460
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
10
55
Trichloroethylene
50
269
100
537
Trichlorofluoromethane
1000
5620
Trichloronaphthalene
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
10
60
1000
7670
1250
9590
Triethanolamine
Triethylamine
4.1
20.7
1000
6090
Trimellitic anhydride
0.04
Trimethylamine
12
15
36
Trimethyl benzene
25
123
Trimethyl phosphate
10
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
0.5
Triorthocresyl phosphate
0.1
Triphenyl amine
Triphenyl phosphate
10
Tin
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)
Toluidine
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Trifluorobromomethane
Tungsten, as W
Insoluble compounds
- 46 -
Soluble compounds
100
566
Soluble & Insoluble compounds, as U
0.2
0.6
n-Valeraldehyde
50
176
Vanadium pentoxide Respirable dust or fume
0.05
Vegetable oil mists
10
Vinyl acetate
10
35
15
53
Vinyl bromide
22
Vinyl chloride (Chloroethylene)
13
4-Vinyl cyclohexene
0.1
0.4
Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide
10
57
Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene)
20
20
79
Vinyl toluene
50
242
100
483
Warfarin
0.1
Welding fumes
Hard wood
Soft wood
10
100
434
150
651
m-Xylene , 1-diamine
0.1
Xylidine (dimethylaminobenzene)
0.5
2.5
Yttrium metal and compounds, as Y
Zinc chloride fume
Zinc chromates, as Cr
0.01
Fume
10
Dust
10
Zirconium and compounds, as Zr
10
Turpentine
Uranium
Wood dust
Xylene
Zinc oxide
Notes:
(a) ppm means parts of the substance per million parts of contaminated air by volume; and
(b) mg/m 3 means milligrammes of the substance per cubic metre of contaminated air.
SECOND SCHEDULE
Deleted by S 609/2009, wef 01/03/2010.
16B
Made this 8th day of September 2011.
- 47 -
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Legislation is reproduced on this website with the permission of the Government of Singapore. Acts of
Parliament are available without charge, and updated monthly, at the Singapore Statute Online at
http://statutes.agc.gov.sg.
57H
As a user of this website, you may only make copies incidental to your access of this websites. You may
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WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

39 Toxic dust, fumes or other contaminants

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

Infectious agents and biohazardous material

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

Electric generator, motor, transmission machinery, etc.

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

(i) any examination of the machinery or part of the machinery; or

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

(a) every rope, chain or wire;

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

(a) any steam boiler referred to in regulation 28 (20) (a) or (21);

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

(i) a suitable fusible plug; or

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

(A) cannot be removed until the valve or tap is closed; and

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

is competent to supervise the work.

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

Toxic dust, fumes or other contaminants

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

Safety data sheet

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVELS OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

Permissible Exposure Level (PEL)

Acrylonitrile (Vinyl cyanide)

Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)

Allyl propyl disulfide

Ammonium chloride fume

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

Antimony and compounds, as Sb

Arsenic, elemental and inorganic compounds, as

Asbestos (all forms)

Asphalt (petroleum) fumes

Barium, soluble compounds, as Ba

Beryllium and compounds, as Be

Borates, tetra sodium salts

WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH (GENERAL PROVISIONS) REGULATIONS

tert-Butyl chromate, as CrO3

n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE)