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    Signals and Systems: BITS Pilani

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    rajeev
    This document summarizes a lecture on sampling and signal reconstruction. It discusses Fourier analysis of sampled signals, the ideal low pass filter, and practical difficulties in sampling. Specifically, it covers the spectrum of sampled signals, the sampling theorem, interpolation using an ideal low pass filter, physical realizations of interpolation, generalized interpolation, and the need for an anti-aliasing filter to band-limit signals before sampling.

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    Signals and Systems: BITS Pilani

    Uploaded by

    rajeev
    15 views15 pages
    This document summarizes a lecture on sampling and signal reconstruction. It discusses Fourier analysis of sampled signals, the ideal low pass filter, and practical difficulties in sampling. Specifically, it covers the spectrum of sampled signals, the sampling theorem, interpolation using an ideal low pass filter, physical realizations of interpolation, generalized interpolation, and the need for an anti-aliasing filter to band-limit signals before sampling.

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    fOURIER tRansform

    Original Title

    Fourier

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    This document summarizes a lecture on sampling and signal reconstruction. It discusses Fourier analysis of sampled signals, the ideal low pass filter, and practical difficulties in sampling. Specifically, it covers the spectrum of sampled signals, the sampling theorem, interpolation using an ideal low pass filter, physical realizations of interpolation, generalized interpolation, and the need for an anti-aliasing filter to band-limit signals before sampling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views15 pages

    Signals and Systems: BITS Pilani

    Uploaded by

    rajeev
    This document summarizes a lecture on sampling and signal reconstruction. It discusses Fourier analysis of sampled signals, the ideal low pass filter, and practical difficulties in sampling. Specifically, it covers the spectrum of sampled signals, the sampling theorem, interpolation using an ideal low pass filter, physical realizations of interpolation, generalized interpolation, and the need for an anti-aliasing filter to band-limit signals before sampling.

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    SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

    EEE F243 / INSTR F243

    Lecture 16

    BITS Pilani
    Pilani Campus

    Sampling

    Todays Session

    Fourier Analysis of Sampled Signals


    Ideal Low Pass Filter
    Signal Reconstruction
    Practical Difficulties in Sampling

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Fourier Analysis of Sampled Signals

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Sampling Realization

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Spectrum of Sampled Signal


    f S (t ) = f (t ) T (t ) =

    f (nT ) (t nT )

    n =

    1
    FS ( ) =
    F ( n S )

    T n =
    Sampling Theorem: Nyquist Rate ,
    Nyquist Interval,

    FS ( ) = 2 B
    T =

    1
    2B

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Example

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Interpolation

    The Process of signal reconstruction or signal recovery of a continuoustime signal from its samples is known as interpolation.
    Signal reconstruction is achieved through ideal low pass filter (LPF).

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Ideal Low Pass Filter

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Physical Realization of
    Interpolation
    Simple Interpolation using a zero- order hold circuit:

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Improvement over Interpolation


    First order hold circuit:

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Generalized Interpolation

    H ( ) = Trect

    4B

    f (t ) = f (t ) sin c (2Bt k )
    k

    Signal values between samples as a weighted sum at the sample values.


    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Practical Difficulties
    Causality of the ideal low pass filter.

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Practical Difficulties
    Filter gain must be zero beyond the first cycle.

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Practical Difficulties

    Treachery of Aliasing
    Solution: Anti Aliasing Filter: Band width

    FS
    1
    =
    2
    2T

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

    Features of Sampling
    Sampling a signal in time domain introduces periodicity in the
    frequency domain.

    Sampling at a rate less than the Nyquist rate yield Aliasing.

    Signal should be band - limited before it is send to sampler.

    Band limiting is achieved by passing the signal through a low pass


    filter.

    BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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