Elixirs Extracts

John Uri Lloyd (c.
1862)
As an apprentice for W.J.M.Gordon,
Druggists (Background)
John Uri Lloyd, 1929, at eighty
Pictures from The American Druggist, January, 1929

EDITOR’S NOTE: John Uri Lloyd (1849-1936) founded Lloyd Brothers Pharmacy
in Cincinnati, and was responsible for the formulation of a body of plant extracts
called Specific Medicines (following the recommendations of Scudder). The
pharmacy closed in the early 1960’s, but his legacy is still present as the Lloyd
Library, (the largest library of medical plant books in the world), the Lloyd
Extractor, his pioneering work in colloidal chemistry, and several bestselling works
of fiction, including “Stringtown on the Pike and the mystical “Etidorhpa”.
He began as a raw apprentice in 1862 to W.J.M.Gordon in Cincinnati.
When he finished the apprenticeship (a three or four-year stint), he re-apprenticed
with ANOTHER pharmacist, George Eger, in order to learn German pharmacy .
By the time he met up with two famous medical radicals, Dr. John King and Dr.
J.M.Scudder, he was so expert at PHYSICAL pharmacy that, now in his late 20’s,
he was offered the position as the director of the H.M.Merrell and Co.
Laboratories, at that time the primary manufacturer for both Eclectic and Physio-
Medical pharmaceuticals. He and his ill-fated brother (the premier mycologist of
the age) eventually bought out Merrill...and Lloyd Brothers was begun.
The three editions of Elixir Formulæ were written to attempt codification of
a wildly chaotic...and dangerous state of affairs in American Medicine. They
became THE standards for 15 years...and helped lead the way for the first National
Formulary of 1888. Because of his alliance with medical radicals (“the Loyal
Opposition”) he was blacklisted from the first N.F. congress, locked out by
hardliners in the American Pharmaceutical Association. Since the whole thing was
his brainchild, and he was de-facto editor of the first N.F., the uproar amongst
REAL pharmacists was so great (they ALL used his book) that the old guard was
promptly booted out and he was elected for the first time as President of A.P.A.
Shunned again ten years later (again for his association with the “Enemies of
Medicine”), the rank-and-file AGAIN re-elected him president. EIGHT times in 45
years the attempt was made to kick him out as a member of the American
Pharmaceutical Association...all attempts soundly failed, since he was the most
famous supporter of the working pharmacist...a grass-roots druggist whose soda-
fountain recipes were famous.
The culmination of his work (in my opinion) was the Third Revision of
“King’s American Dispensatory” in 1898, 2200 pages of the best PLANT
Pharmacy ever assembled. For the last 20 years of his life, he expended his near-
mythic reputation in pharmacy writing curmudgeonly emeriti-type articles in
Pharmaceutical journals in futile attempts to draw his fellow pharmacists away from
chemical reductionism and back into viewing plants as entities, not sources of drug
compounds. That he was twice elected president of the American Pharmaceutical
Association is a stunning tribute to his stature, since he was an infamous gadfly and
“irregular”, always proudly flaunting his lack of formal education, devotion to plant
medicines, and Eclectic roots, mostly moribund issues in his later years, since
“regular” medicine had clearly prevailed. This was the equivalent of Dr. Andrew
Weill being appointed Surgeon General or Adelle Davis being elected President of
the American Medical Association.
Radical though he was, he was still a MAN of his times, and should be
forgiven his failure to acknowledge the existence of TWO genders in pharmacy
He was perhaps the only true American alchemist. Michael Moore
PREFACE.
WERE pharmacists united in opposition to elixirs, and

sufficiently independent to warrant them in saying that they are
unnecessary preparations, and that they would not manufacture or
dispense them; or could pharmacists so influence and control
physicians as to positively prevent them from prescribing elixirs; or
were the past numbers of all our pharmaceutical journals possessed by,
or readily accessible to, each and every pharmacist in the country—
there would then be no necessity for, nor utility in, the publication of a
work upon elixirs and the methods of preparing them. At the present
time there undoubtedly exists a demand for this class of preparations,
and, in order to improve, as well as retain, their legitimate trade, our
pharmacists are, in a measure, compelled to dispense them, as they do
not desire to displease their medical patrons by any indications of what
might be considered as offensive dictation. Such being the case, and as
a large number of the pharmacists of this country are not possessors of
the past numbers of pharmaceutical journals, we have been induced to
prepare this little work.
In presenting these formulæ, the result of years of actual
laboratory experience, and the careful study of the back numbers of all
our pharmaceutical journals, we cannot doubt that they will be
valuable to pharmacists, and that the investment will quickly return to
each purchaser more than the outlay for the book.
Upon this question of elixirs we find our American
pharmacists greatly divided: some decidedly object to them, no matter
under what considerations or circumstances, and obstinately refuse to
listen to a favorable word for any one of them; others uphold that
carefully prepared elixirs, in which the disagreeableness and
offensiveness of certain drugs entering into their composition are
more or less masked, are to be commended. Not infrequently the
opponents of elixirs are quite violent in their denunciation of them,
and more especially as being of too complex a character; and yet these
very objectors will favor other mixtures and preparations that are still
more complex, and fully as unscientific as the majority of compound
elixirs. On the other hand, the advocates of elixirs frequently associate
incompatibles in their preparations, thereby rendering them valueless.
By this course they weaken the cause they are endeavoring to sustain,
as the articles they present to the public prove to be unreliable. In our
opinion, there is an intermedium, a conservative position, between
those who unreservedly condemn and those who indiscriminately
recommend, and it will be found that there are many excellent
pharmacists occupying this position who argue that, with judgment in
selection and skill in manipulation, a line of elixirs may be produced
that will favorably compare with the products of other sections of
pharmacy, and that in their preparation as much science and
competency may be displayed as in making other classes of
pharmaceuticals.
In the present work we have endeavored to point out defects,
as well as incompatible combinations; and though at first glance the
impression may be conveyed that we entertain a positive hostility to
elixirs, yet, as it must be admitted by every one that there is
considerable room for friendly pruning, we trust that our remarks will
be received in the same kind spirit as that in which they are made, and
that we will not be reproached for being unnecessarily censorious. And
notwithstanding that our criticisms may appear to be severe, we
believe them to be fair and unprejudiced, and of such a character that
both the advocate and the opponent of " American Elixirs " may derive
both satisfaction and benefit from their perusal.
J. U. L.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

WITHIN three months from the appearance of the first
edition of this book, the publishers have notified us that a second is
demanded. This encourages us to believe that our work is not wholly
unappreciated. We issued the first edition with misgivings. We feared
that the class of preparations embraced under the name elixir would
not prove sufficiently interesting and valuable to warrant the
publication of a work devoted exclusively to this subject. Then, too,
various problems arose when we attempted to untangle the intricate
elixir history, to reconcile incompatibles, to criticize judiciously, and to
prevent our prejudices from occasionally influencing our remarks.
These and other points rendered our labor by no means pleasant.
However, the favor with which the first edition has been received, and
the many words of approval regarding it, lead us to believe that our
labor has not been lost. We cordially invite pharmacists to notify us of
any troublesome formula in this book, to correspond with us
concerning elixirs in local use, if omitted by it, and to advise us of any
historical oversight.
J. U. L.
PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISED

EDITION.
As two former revisions of this little work have each been honored
with a call for several editions, and as there is at the same time a
palpable decrease in the sale of trade elixirs, there seems to be ample
room for the conclusion that preparations of this class are passing from
the hands of manufacturing chemists into those of the pharmacists
themselves. This fact, notwithstanding an admitted decrease in the
consumption of elixirs, will suffice to account for a third revision.
The addition of about thirty new formulæ brings the total of the
present edition to two hundred and seventy one; and, with the benefit
of experience, many of the older formulæ have been modified and
improved. Thanks to the cordial interest with which it has been
favored by the profession, and friendly correspondence received from
many of its members, we are enabled to present with each revision
many valuable alterations in the processes. We desire at once to thank
them heartily, and to beg them to show a continued interest in the
same friendly way.
J. U. L..........CINCINNATI, November 10th, 1891.
ELIXIRS.
THROUGH the courtesy of Dr. Charles Rice, to whom
application was made by the author for notes on the derivation of the
word "elixir," we are enabled to present his reply verbatim, and in
addition presume to say a few words concerning the "elixir" of the past
and of the present which may interest the reader:
DEAR FRIEND:—In reply to your inquiry concerning the

etymology of the word " elixir," I would say that the word is
proximately derived from the Arabic , being composed
of the article (al or el) and .

The latter is an arabicized form of the Greek word
(xirion, the ( ) being pronounced like e e ). This derivation was first
recognized and announced by Fleischer in 1839, but it seems to have
been overlooked by later writers. Hermann Kopp, the historian of
chemistry, in his "Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie" (1869, p. 209),
quotes a number of passages from later Greek authors and from writers
of the alchemistic school, in which he shows that the Greek and
the Arabic are identical in signification, but he fails to notice
their etymological identity. The Arabs cannot pronounce an initial
(x) without placing an auxiliary or supporting vowel in front of the
double consonant, thus making . This peculiarity of avoiding an
initial double consonant (sc, sp, etc.) occurs also in other languages, for
instance in Spanish, where we have espera, escila, espiritu, etc.
The word , in medical works, means any "dry powder"
(from , dry), such as is used for dusting wounds. In alchemy it
was used to denote the magical transformation powder so much
sought after, a pinch of which would convert a whole mass of base
metal into gold. IksÎr, in this sense, is identical with another
interesting Arabic term, viz., from which our word
chemi-stry is derived, but which is itself derived from the Greek). This
was also applied to a concrete thing, namely, the substance supposed to
be capable of making gold. For instance, we meet such expressions as
, "the making of the kimiya," and
, " the making of the iksÎr,,"both meaning

the same thing.
In later, technical language, "Elixir" was used to denote
various preparations more or less alchemistic. It was, for instance,
synonymous with " Liquid Tincture," the first step in the preparation
of the philosopher’s stone; and there was a white and a red elixir
distinguished. Or, it designated any compound preparation of
supposed " sublime " properties, reputed to prolong life and to ward off
disease. Sincerely yours, CHARLES RICE.
By referring to the letter of Dr. Rice it will be seen that at an

early period the term elixir designated "the magical transformation
powder so much sought after, a pinch of which would convert a whole
mass of base metal into gold." Afterward the word was used " to
denote various preparations more or less alchemistic," and it is to be
presumed that curious or potent liquids were gradually introduced and
included among powders. Finally, the word elixir was applied only to
liquids, but these, like the original magical powder, were supposed to
possess the power of transmuting base metals into noble metals.
Dr. Rice states that particular emphasis was once placed on a
white and a red elixir. From a curious little work in our possession,
bearing date 1682, we present, for the reader’s inspection, a facsimile of
the processes recommended for making these preparations; and that
the quaint formulæ may be rendered more intelligible, we give a
facsimile of a table which explains the characters employed in the book,
as follows:
An Explication of Characters used in this Book."
1 This name was applied to Tin when the book was written
2 This name was applied to Copper when the book was written.
It will be observed that the white elixir, “Elixir Album,” can
only produce silver, while the red elixir, “Elixir Rubrum,” will
transmute mercury into pure gold. We call attention to the red powder
which is formed near the completion of the process in making elixir
rubrum, and which is used to prepare the magical “oyl,” and to the
assertion that this same red powder “cureth most diseases in man’s
body.” Here we have an approach to the elixir of life (elixir vitæ) of the
alchemists, together with the properties ascribed to the philosopher’s
stone. In this connection, a quotation from the writings of that
celebrated author of the eighteenth century, Boerhaave, is of interest
concerning the elixir vitæ, which, in Boerhaave’s language, was “one
of the chief things which the alchemists promise.” Their aim was to
“discover an artificial body of such virtue and efficacy, as that being
applied to any body of any of the three kingdoms, it shall improve its
natural inherent virtues, so as to make it the most perfect thing in its
kind. Thus, for instance, if applied to the human body, it will be come
an universal medicine, and make such a change, both in the solid and
fluid parts thereof, as shall render it perfectly sound, and even
maintain it in that state, until the parts being slowly worn away and
spent, death gently and without a struggle takes possession.”
We find, therefore, that the alchemists, by the term elixir,
intended to designate substances which could either convert base
metals into gold or silver, or could prolong life and heal the sick, or
embody both properties; and also, that this substance might be either a
liquid or a solid. We do not generally accredit the alchemists with a
desire to heal diseases after the manner of physicians of the present
day, and doubtless the majority searched only for riches. However,
while they mostly desired gold and silver, they realized that the use of
only an ordinary amount could be enjoyed in the usual lifetime
allotted to man. Again, many of these infatuated men were on the
brink of the grave when their hopes seemed most likely to be realized,
and of vital importance would be the possession of a substance which
could prolong life. Hence we find that some of them were searching
directly for gold, or the philosopher’s stone by means of which all base
metal could be changed into gold, while others desired most the elixir
of life, “elixir vitæ.” which could extend life and change old age into
youth. Indeed, as incentives to their labors were the assertions that
these wonderful elixirs had been discovered by others, and we quote
from “The Birth of Chemistry” that “S. Thomas Aquinas was, like his
master (Albertus Magnus), a magician. We are told that between them
they constructed a brazen statue, which Albertus animated with his
elixir vitæ.”
Culi asserted that “he converted fifty thousand pounds weight
of base metals into gold,” and is said to have furnished his king with
six millions of money. Paracelsus (born 1493, died 1541) is generally
accredited with instituting a new era in the study, for he was
prominent in showing that alchemy, which flourished in his day, and
of which he was a zealous student, could be of value to physicians, and
that the knowledge derived from their investigations could be turned
to advantage in the treatment of disease. Like the old alchemists,
however, Paracelsus surrounded his process with mysterious
expressions, and disjointed them until they were incomprehensible.
Paracelsus undoubtedly borrowed freely from those who preceded him,
and failed to credit them for such instruction. Good authorities trace the
application of chemistry in the healing of diseases far back of the day of
Paracelsus. “M. C. Clerc thinks there are indications of chemical medicines in
Thaddeus the Florentine, who lived in the thirteenth century, in Albertus
Magnus, Friar Bacon, and Isaac Hollandus. Helmont has taken pains to show
that Basil Valentine was prior to Paracelsus by a hundred years”
(Boerhaave).. Of Basil Valentine the same author remarks: “He would seem
to have been the first who applied chemistry to medicine; for after every
preparation he never fails to give some medicinal use thereof. Paracelsus,
Helmont, the elder Lemery, and many others of modern fame, owe a great part
of what is valuable in them to this autllor; so that it is not without reason that
he is judged the father of the modern chemists and the founder of the chermical
pharmacy.” “About the middle of the fifteenth century lived Basil Valentine,
a German Benedictine monk, who led the way to the internal administration of
metallic rnedicines by a variety of experirnents on the nature of antimolly”
(Dunglison).
He originated the “Elixir Proprietatis,” stating that it was so potent as

“to continue health and long life to the utmost possible limits”
(Boerhaave). This wonderful elixir was concocted by cumbersome
processes from such simples as saffron, aloes, and myrrh; and
notwithstanding Paracelsus claimed that by using the vaunted elixir
proprietatis “he should live as long as Methuselah,” he died a broken
wreck in his forty-seventh year. We find that this elixir, which is a
record of Paracelsus’ egotism, has been recognized in our dispensatories
and in the older pharmacopœias, with more or less alteration, even to
the present day. Boerhaave gave five different processes for making it,
each of which produced, in his opinion, a most potent remedy. As a
curiosity, and to illustrate the wonderful properties attributed to these
concoctions in those days, and to the virtues of which even such a
chemist as Boerhaave could certify, we reproduce from his “Elementa
Chemiae,” which was published in 1724, the formula and uses of his
ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS WITH DISTILLED VINEGAR.
“Take choice aloes, saffron, and myrrh, of each half an ounce,

cut and bruise them, put them into a tall bolt-head, pour twenty times
their own weight of the strongest distilled vinegar thereon, let them
simmer together in our little wooden furnace for twelve hours: now
suffer the whole to rest, that the fæces may subside, and gently strain
off the pure liquor through a thin linen; put half the quantity of
distilled vinegar to the remainder, boil and proceed as before, and
throw away the fæces. Mix the two tinctures together, and distil with a
gentle fire till the whole is thickened to a third; keep the vinegar that
comes over for the same use; and what remains behind is the Elixir
Proprietatis, made with distilled vinegar.
THE USES.
“Thus we obtain an acid, aromatic medicine, of great use in

the practice of physic; for when externally applied, it cleanses and heals
putrid, sinuous, and fistulous old ulcers, defends the parts from
putrefaction, and preserves them by a true embalming virtue; it also
heals ulcers, and cures gangrenes in the lips, tongue, palate, and jaws.
It has the same effects in the first passages, when used internally, as
often as putrefied matter, corrupted bile, concreted phlegm, worms,
and numberless distempers proceeding from these four causes, are
lodged or seated therein. Again, it has nearly the same effects in the
blood and viscera, as may easily appear from knowing the virtues of
the three ingredients when dissolved in a subtile vinegar. It is to be
taken in a morning upon an empty stomach, at least twelve hours after
eating; it is given from a drachm to two or three for a dose in sweet
wine or mead, or the like, walking after it, or having the belly gently
rubbed. If taken in a larger dose, and with a somewhat cooler regimen,
it always purges; if in a less dose, and often repeated, it cleanses the
blood by secreting thick urine; and generally performs both these
operations successively. But if taken plentifully, while the patient is in
bed and the body well covered, it acts as an excellent sudorific; and
afterward usually purges, and proves diuretic, and thus becomes very
useful; whence I conceive that this is the best acid elixir proprietatis,
good in numerous cases, and at the same time safe.
“Paracelsus declared that an elixir made of aloes, saffron, and
myrrh would prove a vivifying and preserving balsam, able to
continue health and long life to the utmost possible limits; and hence
he calls it by a lofty title ‘the elixir of propriety’ to man, but concealed
the preparation, in which Helmont asserts the alcahest is required.”
Through the eighteenth century elixirs were numerous, and

although their former alchemistic properties were cast aside, physicians
seemed to attribute to them virtues scarcely less than those ascribed to
the famous elixir vitæ. They were also surrounded with mysteries, and
their compositions were most carefully concealed. Prominent
physicians individualized themselves by attaching their names to
tinctures of herbs extracted with spirit of wine or with acid solutions,
and these names have been handed down to us and are still in use. It
must not be inferred, however, that these men gave their treasures
openly to competitors, for we find that great care was employed to
cover their processes and to conceal the constituents of these
compounds, and at the present day we find it difficult to decide as to
the authenticity of such as Daffey’s Elixir, Helmont’s Elixir, Mynsicht’s
Elixir, Vigani’s Elixir, etc., etc. Indeed, many of the old works give
several formulæ for preparing a single elixir, and often all the processes
were impracticable. Thus we find that with each revision of the older
pharmacopœias and dispensatories these formulæ have been altered
and simplified, and as the outcome we refer to some of our well
known tinctures, which have sprung from and are modifications of
ancient elixirs:
ELIXIR SALUTIS gave us Compound Tincture of Senna.

ELIXIR PAREGORICUM gave us Camphorated Tincture of Opium.
ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS gave us Compound Tincture of Aloes.
ELIXIR STOMACHICUM gave us Compound Tincture of Gentian.
ELIXIR SACRUM gave us Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes.
With one exception the name elixir has become obsolete with
the foregoing tinctures, and that one, paregoric, will doubtless, in a
moderate period of time, exist as a relic of history.
The elixir of the period we have just considered was in reality
a compound tincture, or a modification of what we call a compound
tincture. Hooper’s Medical Dictionary of 1820 defines the elixir as “a
term formerly applied to many preparations similar to compound
tinctures.” We find, also, that the old elixirs were disagreeable and
bitter. There was no desire to render them pleasant; indeed, the aim
seemed to be the concoction of mixtures as nauseating as possible, and
the physician who could produce the nastiest, and which were
followed by the most severe torture to the patient, seemed the best
man. His motto might well have been—
“I puke. I purge, I sweat ’em,
And if they die, I let ’em.”
In connection with this phase of the elixir question, we find

that of the elixirs named in the “New Dispensatory,” London, 1770, but
one contained sugar or any form of sweetening. This view of the elixir
is still prevalent in Europe, and the German Pharmacopœia of 1879
recognized twelve preparations under the name of elixir, none of
which were sweetened. The idea accepted in our country at the present
time regarding what should be the attributes of an elixir is strictly an
Americanism. The term Cordial would better define the sweetened
and flavored pharmaceuticals which we shall now consider historically
as
AMERICAN ELIXIRS.
One of the popular elixirs of the present day is advertised to

have been introduced in the year 1830. Our respected friend Mr. Chas.
A. Heinisth writes us as follows:
“I send you a copy of an old label for a ‘Cordial Elixir of
Quinine’ my father formerly made. This label I remember appeared
old when I first worked in the store in 1838. How long it had been used
is more than I can say or remember. This Cordial Elixir of Calisaya was
composed of quinine, cloves, cinnamon, bitter orange peel, capsicum,
sugar, and dilute alcohol.“
Mr. Heinisth enclosed us a copy of the original label, taken
from one of the bottles which was in the cellar of the store in 1838. We
take the liberty to reproduce it, and our readers will note that it closely
resembles the elixir labels of the present day:
“CORDIAL ELIXIR OF QUININE.
“This excellent preparation is particularly recommended to

persons of delicate habit and weak stomach. It increases the appetite,
facilitates digestion, and is well adapted to all persons living in low and
marshy countries, where ague and fever prevail, and also for those
who are exposed to damp and wet weather. It is taken with success by
persons weakened by fever and ague, or by a copious perspiration
produced by the heat of summer. Persons recovering from bilious
fever should use it freely, to prevent a relapse. From half a wineglass
to a wineglassful is to be taken once or twice a day, as occasion may
require.
“Prepared and sold by John T. Heinisth, Druggist, East King
St., Lancaster, Pa.”
The first of these trade preparations which the writer can

recall was thrown upon the market in this city (Cincinnati) about 1863,
under the name “Sim’s Cordial Elixir of Calisaya.”
The first published formula that I have found for any of this class of
preparations, under the name Elixir, is the formula we give for Elixir of
Calisaya by Mr. Alfred B. Taylor, from the Journal of Pharmacy, January, 1859.
The Druggists’ Circular of same date states that up to that time no formula for
that preparation had been published.
It was of a beautiful red color, nicely flavored, and very

pleasant to the taste, and it was the forerunner, or at least among the
first, of the line of pharmaceuticals subsequently scattered so
abundantly over our country. Afterward the “Elixir of Calisaya and
Pyrophosphate of Iron” appeared, and then “Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of
Iron, and Strychnine.” Soon traveling agents for pharmaceutical
houses began to court physicians and so licit them to specify particular
brands when prescribing, thus necessitating duplicates upon the
apothecaries’ shelves of the same preparation, and about the year 1874
the elixir mania was at its height. The burden thus thrown upon our
pharmacists was considerable—more in the aggregate than most of us
can realize. Elixirs of the same name, and which should have been
identical, were duplicated, or multiplied, in the same store, and each
differed in appearance and flavor from all the others. If a prescription
was filled with an elixir of calisaya prepared by one maker, it could not
be refilled with that of another, since such a course would render it
liable to be returned by the purchaser as a different medicine from that
obtained at first. Physician of the highest reputation were accustomed
to specify the brand of elixir desired, and the writer can remember that
time and again he has hurried to distant portions of the city searching
for an elixir of a particular make and which was not in stock, although
several substitutes for what should have been the same preparation
were on the shelves. In addition to the above-named aggravation,
combinations, or rather associations, of substances incompatible under
all ordinary conditions were advertised under the name elixir, and
substances perfectly insoluble in the menstruum employed were
represented as being dissolved; and to add to these questionable
features, quinine and combinations of quinine were asserted to be in a
soluble form and nearly tasteless. It is needless to consider this phase
of the subject longer, for all are familiar with the result. The burden
was too great; elixirs as a class were severely criticized, and many
pharmacists and physicians included those which were worthy among
those which were indifferent and bad. The reaction which followed
was disastrous to the interests of the men who unintentionally brought
it about (elixir manufacturers), for physicians largely ceased ordering
elixirs of special make, and pharmacists threw their influences against
the preparations compounded by manufacturers of these specialties.
The writer aims simply to give a brief synopsis of the history of the
class of pharmaceuticals under consideration, and does not wish to
argue in favor or against them; and the elixir of the present day has
been reached.
Throughout this country the preparation of elixirs is gradually
passing from a few wholesale manufacturers into the hands of the
many pharmacists. Quantities of elixirs are prescribed, but their
preparation has extended over the entire country instead of being
confined to a few localities. Physicians have their favorite elixirs and
prescribe them, but these elixirs must, as a rule, be unquestionable. In
many instances, however, incompatibles are undoubtedly brought
together at the expense of the final product, drugs insoluble in the
menstruum are supposed to be represented by the resultant elixir, and
tedious, round about methods are employed where simple, direct
processes can be substituted. Before considering elixirs individually, it
is but just to review their history during the past twenty years, for
many pharmacists have not the necessary works at their command,
and reference is constantly made to the action of the societies which
considered them and the men who early made them a study.
The Committee on Unofficinal Preparations appointed by the
American Pharmaceutical Association in 1870, was Professor J. Faris
Moore, M.D., who included in his report to the Society (1871) a series of
elixirs, and this was the first general recognition these preparations
received from that body. In the year following the appointment of the
committee (1871), Mr. Ottmar Eberbach read a volunteer paper before
the Society at its meeting in Cleveland. Ohio, in which he gave the
result of his analysis of several commercial elixirs. The paper
provoked considerable discussion, and resulted in the following:
“Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the
President to take into consideration the subject of elixirs and similar
unofficinal preparations in all its bearings upon pharmacy, and, if
deemed proper, to report suitable formulæ for the guidance of the
members of this Association.”
In 1872 Professor C. Lewis Diehl contributed an interesting

paper on the elixir subject. It was read before the Louisville College of
Pharmacy, and afterward published by the pharmaceutical journals,
and by this means several admirable formulæ were introduced. Many
of these processes are still used and accepted as standard, being
preferred by pharmacists to those afterward offered as improvements.
Next (1873) the committee appointed by the American Pharmaceutical
Association made a minority report (including many formulæ), which
was that of the chairman of the committee, Mr. J. F. Hancock, and
which, after some discussion, was adopted, and the following
resolutions were offered by Professor J. M. Maisch:
“Resolved, That the report be adopted, with the

recommendation that these formulæ be used by the members of the
Association, and that the Secretary be instructed to send a printed copy
with the report to the medical societies of the United States, with the
suggestion that physicians, if prescribing elixirs at all, prescribe only
such formulæ as have been adopted by this Association. The object is
to attain, as nearly as possible, a uniformity in the United States.”
“Resolved, That Mr. J. F. Hancock be appointed the
Committee on unofficinal Formulas.”
At the meeting of the Society which followed, in Louisville,

Ky.. 1874, the Committee on Unofficinal Formulæ failed to introduce
elixirs. However, Mr. Ebert, of Chicago, presented a series of elixir
formulæ, based upon those of Professor C. Lewis Diehl, and prepared by
a committee under the supervision of the Chicago College of
Pharmacy, and suggested that they be revised or adopted by the Society
for general use. After an animated discussion, Mr. Peixotto offered a
resolution, which, amended by Mr. Roberts, was adopted, as follows:
“Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed, to whom

shall be referred the formulæ of elixirs presented by the Chicago
College of Pharmacy, said committee to examine the formulæ and
carefully compare them with the formulæ adopted at the last annual
meeting, or which may be submitted to them, to modify any or all
formulæ if necessary, and to report to the next meeting.”
At the next meeting, 1875, the committee reported a number

of formulæ, some differing from those previously adopted by the
Society, others new. Since that time many formulæ have been
introduced through the “Report on the Progress of Pharmacy,” which
is the portion of the Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical
Association devoted to a review of the advance of pharmacy during the
year, but there has been no other official consideration of these
preparations.
In reviewing the work to which we have referred, we shall
simply say that in many instances experience has demonstrated that
there are defects in the formulæ which may be overcome. It was not to
be expected that the work of these committees could be perfect, and
while from necessity we often deviate in manipulation from the
formulæ offered by the committees, we feel that, inasmuch as the
proportions of the medicinal ingredients are retained by us, our
formulæ may be considered as answering the requirements of the
American Pharmaceutical Association. Twenty, nineteen, and sixteen
years have passed since these committees successively reported, fully
the time required between two revisions of our Pharmacopœia, and
doubtless the members of the committees have individually revised
many of their processes, profiting by these years of experience and by
the criticisms of others. In connection with the elixir question and the
American Pharmaceutical Association, we must not overlook the
valuable paper presented by Mr. R. W. Gardner at the meeting in
Saratoga, 1880, and which embraces more formulæ than had elsewhere,
to our knowledge, been compiled at that time, and to which we often
refer in the work which follows. We must not overlook the series of
formulæ adopted by the Newark Pharmaceutical Association in 1876,
and those adopted by the Associated Committees of the National
College of Pharmacy and the Medical Society of the District of
Columbia. The formulæ recommended by both of these bodies were
published in the various pharmaceutical journals and served a good
purpose.
Lastly (1884), the “New York and Brooklyn Formulary”
appeared and presented an excellent (though limited in number) line
of elixir formulæ, which work being adopted by the American
Pharmaceutical Association, Pittsburgh, l885, and enlarged under the
title “National Formulary " (1888), is now the most complete
authoritative treatise on elixirs. In this edition of our work we have
made the proportions of the drug ingredients conform to those of that
publication for such elixirs as are common to both. We will add that
the “National Formulary” should be in the hands of every pharmacist.
Compound elixirs have now multiplied until their number is
such as to be burdensome. The problem regarding proportion of
ingredients was one that early commanded our attention, and which
we endeavored to systematize, in the absence of authority, so as to
conform, if possible, to some general rule. The necessity for some such
action may be illustrated as follows:
Elixir of phosphate of quinine contains one grain of quinine
in each fluidrachm.
Elixir of pyrophosphate of iron contains two grains of
pyrophosphate of iron in each fluidrachm.
What shall be the proportion of phosphate of quinine and of
pyrophosphate of iron in each fluidrachm of elixir of phosphate of
quinine and pyrophosphate of iron? Again,
Elixir of phosphate of quinine contains one grain of quinine
in each fluidrachm.
Elixir of phosphate of cinchonidine contains one grain of
cinchonidine in each fluidrachm.
Elixir of phosphate of cinchonine contains two grains of
cinchonine in each fluidrachm.
What shall be the proportion of the several ingredients in the
elixir of phosphate of quinine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine ?
If each fluidrachm of this last elixir contains the amount of
each ingredient which is present in the same amount of the simple
elixir of that substance, we will have four grains of the combined
alkaloids, an unreasonable quantity for a preparation of the character of
an elixir.
In consequence of examples similar to those above named,
and which demanded some regular plan of procedure, if such could be
devised, we have for many years attempted to systematize the matter,
and our efforts have met with some success. In making compound
elixirs, where it was possible, we have represented in each fluidrachm
the aggregate amount of alkaloids which would be present were the
several elixirs mixed together in equal quantities. We believe that, as a
rule, under the conditions which confront us in the problem of
compound elixirs, physicians desire the associated action of smaller
amounts of the several ingredients rather than the full dose of each. It
is true that, for obvious reasons, this rule cannot always be upheld, but
where it has been practicable we have endeavored to carry it out.
The proportion of strychnine in the elixirs of commerce has
never been uniform, and even the men who seem to have made elixir
formulæ a special consideration vary one from another. Some use one
grain of strychnine to sixteen fluidounces of the finished elixir, which
is the one-hundred and-twenty-eighth part of a grain to each
fluidrachm, while others use severally one-hundredth, one-sixtieth,
and one-fifty-first of a grain. Strychnine is far too violent and
poisonous a substance for such a range of proportions, and in our
opinion it is to be regretted that, even though ignoring elixirs as a
class, our Committee upon Revision of the Pharmacopœia did not
authorize some proportion which pharmacists could adopt in order to
further a uniformity in these preparations.
Since the foregoing was written the National Formulary has
authorized the making of elixirs containing strychnine compounds in
which one and one-quarter grains of strychnine or of the strychnine
salt are used in preparing sixteen fluidounces of the elixir. Thus the
authoritative proportion of strychnine has been accepted
approximately as the one-hundredth part of a grain to each fluidrachm.
In accordance therewith, in the body of the present edition of our work
on elixirs, the strychnine proportions in these elixirs are made to
conform to that strength.
In making solutions of strychnine we usually convert it into a
soluble salt by means of acetic acid. This forms a combination which in
our experience is best for associating strychnine with the entire list of
substances which are used to form the compound elixirs containing
that alkaloid. In some instances the elixir in which the strychnine is to
be placed has an alkaline reaction and may decompose the salt; yet as
the elixir contains some alcohol, and besides has as a menstruum a
solvent action different from that of water, it does not necessarily
follow that precipitation of the alkaloid will result. However, it is well
to be cautious, and should a white, flocculent precipitate occur in elixirs
containing strychnine and which are alkaline in reaction, this
precipitate should be considered as dangerous and care exercised in
dispensing the elixir.
In all the formulæ where it is practicable we have introduced
fluid extracts instead of crude drugs. This we consider advantageous
for several reasons, and fluid extracts may now be readily obtained to
represent nearly every plant used in medicine. In many instances we
object to certain drugs under any consideration as the foundation of an
elixir, and we have not hesitated to criticize freely where the medicinal
principles of the drug cannot in our opinion be extracted or held in
solution by the elixir. However, if the menstruum precipitates these
principles from the fluid extract, it will probably refuse to extract them
from the crude drug, so that little if any advantage will accrue in this
direction from the use of the crude material. We vary from the
methods employed by the committee appointed by the American
Pharmaceutical Association regarding the manner of mixing a tincture
or fluid extract with the menstruum. If they are mixed directly
together, precipitation results immediately of much of such substances
as are insoluble in the resultant menstruum. This produces a
preparation which pharmacists and physicians refuse to accept as an
elixir. True it is that these substances may be inert and that filtration
will separate them; yet the nature of the case is such that filtration is
only of temporary benefit, and even after several filtrations the
precipitation continues. This trouble may be overcome to a great
extent by following the old process for making medicated waters, that
is, by triturating the fluid extract or tincture with magnesium
carbonate, or with some other inert powder if this substance is
inadmissible, after which the simple elixir is added and the mixture
filtered. By this process the insoluble materials are separated at once,
which is preferable to having the precipitation extend over days and
weeks. Besides, the surface exposure caused by the trituration of the
fluid extract with the magnesium carbonate may favor the saturation
of the menstruum in the manner it does with essential oils under the
same conditions.
We have adopted a simple elixir which practically agrees with
that of our Pharmacopœia (1883), although the method of
manipulation differs somewhat. We object to elixirs which contain
cinnamon, caraway, coriander, cardamom, or cloves (unless used as
aromatic elixirs), for many persons are prejudiced against certain of
these substances, and it is not unusual to meet persons with whom the
flavor of one of the foregoing is unbearable. The simple elixir should,
in our opinion, be as nearly as possible pleasant to the majority of
persons, and we have no record of an objection to the flavor of lemon
or of orange, separate or combined. Our formula for simple elixir,
therefore, associates these substances in such proportion as to produce a
very acceptable and grateful combination, the orange preponderating.
When we consider that in the pages which follow we find
processes for making 271 different elixirs, we are confronted with the
fact that these elixirs alone would fill the shelves of an ordinary
storeroom. The problem to be considered by pharmacists is that of
finding the most convenient method which will enable them to
dispense these combinations in a creditable manner without
overstocking their shelves. This has been and is a consideration of
pressing importance to the writer, and the trouble has been overcome,
to a very great extent, by adopting a system which would permit the
preparation of compound elixirs from those more simple, and in
studying how to make the different elixirs from compatible
ingredients. In many instances this is impossible without injury to the
product, and yet, in the large majority of cases, pharmacists are able to
extemporize and supply most demands from their stock of standard
elixirs, which are those in most common use.
Some elixirs may be called permanent, but this term cannot be
applied to the larger number. Associations of the alkaloids in acid
solution only, or elixir of pyrophosphate of iron in alkaline solution,
or others under certain conditions, might possibly be claimed as fairly
permanent. However, the elixir of pyrophosphate of iron will
decompose if exposed to the sunlight or even strongly diffused
daylight, and it may gelatinize after a time if of acid reaction, while
alterations will follow with the solutions of the alkaloids. Few organic
bodies are permanent in solutions containing far more alcohol than is
permissible with the modern elixir, and in consequence many elixirs
will alter in appearance, or even precipitate, if they contain the
substances which are supposed to be present.
In reviewing the formulæ which follow, the reader may
criticize the number of different elixirs presented. This, we admit, is a
fault, but one beyond our control, and some of the elixirs are seldom
used, some are simply curiosities. This country is large, however, and
if the reader will regard a certain preparation as one which should
have been omitted, he may be surprised to learn that in other localities
it is very much in demand. Time and again we have been surprised on
learning of the local consumption of substances we scarcely thought
commanded a sale, and, upon the other hand, we have excited
comment over certain preparations scarcely known to others and yet
made by us in quantities. In connection with this phase of the subject,
we feel that our position is not that of a judge—a position occupied by
certain committees—but that, as our subject is “elixirs,” it is our duty to
consider them as a body.
We desire to call attention to the fact that it was our first
intention to give the several processes and criticisms which have been
made regarding each elixir introduced during the past twenty years.
This proved to be impracticable, and we were forced to draw the line
sharply. If the reader will select as an example any one of the
prominent elixirs, and hunt up the reviews, different formulæ, etc.,
regarding it which have appeared in the various pharmaceutical
journals and the Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical
Association during that period, he will doubtless be astonished at the
magnitude of the matter; and when it is remembered that recent years
have given us several new and worthy pharmaceutical journals, and
that elixirs are more or less considered by all of them, it will be seen
that to give an intelligent and faithful r e s u m e in a work like ours
would be impracticable.
Our aim has been to credit those who introduced special
combinations and the journals whose pages we consulted to find their
records, and yet it is likely that unintentional oversights and errors
have been made.
In conclusion, we may say that we trust pharmacists will find
our formulæ to present some advantages over a line of compilations,
for they are not simply abstracts from the work that others have done.
ELIXIR FORMULÆ
1. ELIXIR ADJUVANS.
Fluid extract of orange peel,....j fluidounces

Fluid extract of coriander,........k fluidounces
Fluid extract of caraway,...........k fluidounces
Fluid extract of wild-cherry bark,1 fluidounces
Fluid extract of licorice root,... 1j fluidounces.
Simple elixir,..............................14 fluidounces
Alcohol, ...................................... fluidounces.
Carbonate of magnesium,....... a sufficient quantity.
Mix the fluid extracts and evaporate them to one-half of their

bulk, at a temperature not exceeding 150° F. Triturate the remaining
liquid in a capacious mortar with carbonate of magnesium in amount
sufficient to form a creamy mixture, then gradually add the simple
elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol.
The ingredients for this elixir were named in the Druggists’ Circular,
1879.
The National Formulary presents a process for making this
preparation in which the crude drugs are percolated and the elixir
prepared from the percolate.
2. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM.
Bromide of ammonium,......... .... 640 grains.

Simple elixir,..............................15 fluidounces.
Dissolve the bromide of ammonium in the simple elixir, and

filter if necessary.
Each teaspoonful of the finished elixir contains five grains of
bromide of ammonium.
The National Formulary directs the addition of thirty grains
of citric acid to sixteen fluidounces of this elixir.
3. ELIXIR ALOES.
(COMPOUND TINCTURE OF ALOES.)
Aloes,...............................3 troy ounces

Saffron.............................3 troy ounces
Tincture myrrh,.................. 2 pints.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate in the

alcohol for fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day;
then filter.
(“The New Dispensatory,” London, 1770.)
4. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM.
Valerianate of ammonium........ 256 grains.

Simple elixir, ammonia water, carmine solution,
of each a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the valerianate of ammonium in twelve fluid

ounces of simple elixir, and bring this to the measure of sixteen
fluidounces by the addition of a sufficient amount of simple elixir.
Then cautiously add ammonia water until in slight excess, and color
with solution of carmine until decidedly red. Each fluidrachm
(teaspoonful) of the finished elixir represents two grains of valerianate
of ammonium, the same as that adopted by the American
Pharmaceutical Association, 1873.
Valerianate of ammonium, especially if the valerianic acid is
in excess, has, to most persons, a very offensive odor. This the addition
of the ammonia water tends to subdue, but wherever valerianate of
ammonium is free, or in aqueous solution, the odor will remain. If
dissolved in officinal alcohol, however, it is scarcely apparent, but such
a solution will not conform to our modern “elixir.” The addition of
water to the alcoholic solution revives the odor.
The history of this elixir is of interest, since it was among the
first of the popular elixirs introduced, and has retained its prestige to
the present day. In an essay by Mr. Trovillo H. K. Enos, read before the
Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1861, the statement is made that “a
preparation known as Pierlot’s solution of valerianate of ammonium
has long been used among physicians in Philadelphia; but the
disagreeable taste and odor of the solution having been found
objectionable to patients, the pharmacists have been led to suggest
some mode of disguising both, and presenting the preparation in an
agreeable form for administration, without materially altering its effect;
and the form of an elixir has been adopted." Mr. Enos then gave his
formula, which was as follows:
Valerianic acid,...........................1 fluidrachm.

Simple syrup,............................. 1 fluidounces.
Extract of sweet orange peel,... 2 fluidrachms.
Alcohol,.......................................1 fluidounces.
Orange-flower water,................j fluidounces.
Distilled water, carbonate of ammonium,
............................. of each a sufficient quantity.
Dilute the valerianic acid with one-half fluidounces of water,

and neutralize it with the carbonate of ammonium, add the alcohol,
having previously mixed it with the fluid extract of orange peel, and
then add the other ingredients and filter.
In 1863 Mr. Joseph Roberts accepted a query in the American
Pharmaceutical Association, reading as follows: “What is the best
formula for Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium which shall be nearly
free from valerianic odor, and elegantly aromatized ?” Having failed
to reply, in 1865 Mr. J. Faris Moore gave a formula to the Society which
in substance agreed with that of Mr. Enos, the principle being the
formation of valerianate of ammonium from valerianic acid, by
saturating it with carbonate of ammonium. At this day valerianate of
ammonium is employed instead of the valerianic acid.
SOLUTION OF CARMINE.—This preparation has been used some twelve

years by the writer, in preference to any “tincture” of cochineal. The fat in cochineal
causes such preparations to putrefy in warm weather; and to extract the fat by means of
ether from the powdered cochineal, previous to tincturing, is expensive and tedious.
The term “tincture of cochineal” is scarcely appropriate as applied to the aqueous
solutions made of cochineal, cream of tartar, and alum, and, as the object is simply to
secure a coloring matter, the term might with equal propriety be applied to our solution
of carmine, made as follows:
Carmine, No. 40,.......................................60 grains.
Distilled water, glycerin, of each,... ... 4 fluidounces.
Ammonia water,..............................a sufficient quantity.
Powder the carmine and triturate with the water, gradually adding
ammonia water until the carmine disappears and a dark-red liquid, free from insoluble
matter, remains. To this add the glycerin, and mix. Should this solution ever become
murky, a little ammonia water will restore its transparency.
Solution of carmine is necessarily alkaline, and cannot be employed to color
acid liquids. For all neutral or alkaline solutions it is admirable, and for soda-water
syrups is far preferable to aniline red.
5. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONIDINE .

(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA.)
Cinchonidine (alkaloid), ............. 128 grains.

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,
acetic acid,.............................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the cinchonidine in a mortar with acetic acid in

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and add to this liquid elixir of
valerianate of ammonium until the product measures sixteen
fluidounces. If not of acid reaction, add cautiously acetic acid until it
will redden blue litmus paper, and filter if necessary.
(All of the combinations of valerianate of ammonium and the alkaloids in
elixir form should have an acid reaction. It is, therefore, to be understood, with the
formulæ of this character which follow, that in case the elixir is alkaline it must be
acidulated with acetic acid.)
Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, and one grain of
cinchonidine as the acetate of that alkaloid.
6. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH

CINCHONIDINE AND CINCHONINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA AND CINCHONIA.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammonium

with cinchonidine, ..............8 fluidounces.
with cinchonine, .................. 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

two grains of valerianate of ammonium, and a half grain each of
cinchonidine and cinchonine as acetates of these alkaloids.
CINCHONIDINE, CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA, CINCHONIA,
AND STRYCHNIA. )

with cinchonidine,..................8 fluidounces.
with cinchonine,..................... 8 fluidounces.
Strychnine,........................................1k grains.
Acetic acid,.................................. a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and add the elixirs, having
previously mixed them together. Filter if necessary.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain each of
cinchonidine and cinchonine, and one hundredth grain of strychnine.
The alkaloids are in form of acetates.

CINCHONIDINE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA AND IRON.)

with cinchonidine,................8 fluidounces.
with pyrophosphate of iron,..8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one grain of pyrophosphate
of iron, and one-half grain of cinchonidine, the latter in the form of an
acetate.
CAUTION.—Excess of acid will cause the pyrophosphate of
iron to gelatinize. Excess of alkali precipitates the cinchonidine. The
elixir should be made as nearly neutral as possible, and remain
transparent, by the use of acetic acid and ammonia water, as indicated
by litmus paper.
9. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHO-
NIDINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIA, CINCHONIDIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA )

with cinchonidine, ................8 fluidounces.
with pyrophosphate of iron,..8 fluidounces.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and add this to the elixirs,
having previously mixed them together. Use precautions suggested
with elixir of valerianate of ammonium with cinchonidine and
pyrophosphate of iron.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of
pyrophosphate of iron, one-half grain of cinchonidine, and one-
hundredth grain of strychnine. The alkaloids exist as acetates.
10. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONINE.

(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIA.)
Cinchonine (alkaloid), ............ .... 128 grains.

Elixir of valerianate of Ammonium
diluted acetic acid, ............... of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the cinchonine in a mortar with the acetic acid in

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and mix with this elixir of
valerianate of ammonium until the product measures sixteen
fluidounces. If not of acid reaction, add cautiously acetic acid until it
will redden litmus paper, and filter if necessary.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, and one grain of cinchonine
as the acetate of that alkaloid.
NINE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, CINCHONIA, AND IRON.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammonium with

cinchonine, .............................8 fluidounces
Elixir of valerianate of ammonium with
pyrophosphate of iron,..........8 fluidounces
Mix them together. Use precautions suggested with elixir of

valerianate of ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of
iron.
of iron, and one-half grain of cinchonine as the acetate of that alkaloid.

NINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNINE
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, ClNCHONIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammo nium with cinchonine

and pyrophosphate of iron,..16 fluidounces.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and then add the elixir of
valerianate of ammonium with cinchonine and pyrophosphate of
iron. Observe precautions suggested with elixir of valerianate of
ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.
of iron, one-half grain of cinchonine, and one-hundredth of a grain of
strychnine. The alkaloids exist as acetates. This preparation should be
as nearly neutral in reaction as it is possible to make it.
CINCHONlNE AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, CINCHONIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammo-

nium with cinchonine,.........16 fluidounces.
Strychnine, .......................................1k grains.

sufficient amount to effect its solution, then add the elixir of
valerianate of ammonium with cinchonine, and filter if necessary. If
not of acid reaction, acidulate slightly with acetic acid.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one grain of cinchonine, and
one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine as the acetate of that alkaloid.

PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA AND IRON.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,8 fluidounces.

" pyrophosphate of iron, .............8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

one grain each of valerianate of ammonium and of pyrophosphate of
iron. It should have a slightly alkaline reaction.
15. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM AND QUININE.
Quinine (alkaloid),.......................... 32 grains.

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,
diluted acetic acid,............... of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the quinine in a mortar with a sufficient amount of

the acetic acid to effect its solution, then mix the liquid with enough
elixir of valerianate of ammonium to produce sixteen fluidounces. If
not of acid reaction, add acetic acid until it will change the color of blue
litmus paper to red.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, and one-fourth grain of
quinine as the acetate of that alkaloid.
The National Formulary directs that thirty-two grains of
hydrochlorate of quinine be dissolved in sixteen fluidounces of elixir of
valerianate of ammonium. Thus each fluidrachm contains one-fourth
grain of hydrochlorate of quinine. In former editions of our work we
directed that one hundred and twenty-eight grains of quinine be used
in making sixteen fluidounces in this elixir, but in the present edition,
recognizing the authority of the National Formulary, have adopted the
foregoing strength.
16. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE

AND CINCHONIDINE
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH QUINIA AND CINCHONIDIA.)

and quinine,............................ 8 fluidounces.
and cinchonidine,.................. 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

cinchonidine, and one-eighth grain of quinine, as acetates of these
alkaloids.
17. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE,

CINCHONIDINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, CINCHONIDIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammo-
nium with quinine and cincho-
nidine,.......................................16 fluidounces.
sufficient amount to effect its solution, then mix with the elixir of
valerianate of ammonium with quinine and cinchonidine.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of cincho-
nidine, one-eighth grain of quinine, and one-hundredth of a grain of
strychnine. The alkaloids are in the form of acetates.

CINCHONIDINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, CINCHONIDIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA. )

with quinine and pyrophosphate
of iron,...................................... 8 fluidounces.
with cinchonidine and pyro-
phosphate of iron,..................8 fluidounces.

sufficient quantity to effect its solution, and add this to the elixirs,
having previously mixed them together; and filter if necessary.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-fourth grain of cincho-
nidine, one-eighth grain of quinine, one grain of pyrophosphate of
iron, and one-hundredth grain of strychnine. The alkaloids exist as
acetates. This elixir should be as nearly neutral as it is possible to make
it.

QUININE AND CINCHONINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH QUINIA AND CINCHONIA.)

and quinine,............................ 8 fluidounces.
with cinchonine,.................... 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of cinchonine,
and one-eighth grain of quinine, as acetates of these alkaloids.

CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)

with quinine and cinchonine,..16 fluidounces.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and add this to the elixir of
valerianate of ammonium with quinine and cinchonine.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-eighth grain of quinine,
one-half grain of cinchonine, and one-hundredth of a grain of
strychnine. The alkaloids exist as acetates.

AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH QUINIA AND IRON. )

with quinine,...........................8 fluidounces.
with pyrophosphate of iron,...8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of pyro-
phosphate of iron, and one eighth grain of quinine. Observe the
precautions suggested with elixir of valerianate of ammonium with
cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.
PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of valerianate of ammonium with quinine

and pyrophosphate of iron,..16 fluidounces.
Strychnine, .......................................1k grains.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and mix this liquid with the
elixir of valerianate of ammonium with quinine and pyrophosphate of
iron, and filter if necessary.
pyrophosphate of iron, one-eighth grain of quinine, and one-
hundredth of a grain of strychnine, the alkaloids being in the form of
acetates. Observe the precautions suggested with elixir of valerianate of
ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.

AND STRYCHNINE.

and quinine,.............. 16 fluidounces.
Strychnine,........................ 2j grains.
Acetic acid................ a sufficient quantity.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and mix this liquid with the
elixir of valerianate of ammonium.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, one-fourth grain of quinine,
and one-fiftieth of a grain of strychnine as an acetate of that alkaloid.
24. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH STRYCHNINE.

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,16 fluidounces.
Acetic acid................................... a sufficient quantity.
sufficient amount to effect its solution, and mix this with the elixir of
valerianate of ammonium. If not of acid reaction, add enough acetic
acid to change blue litmus paper to red.
two grains of valerianate of ammonium, and one-hundredth of a grain
of strychnine as an acetate of that alkaloid.
25. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH SUMBUL.

(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH MUSK ROOT.)
Fluid extract of sumbul,...........2 fluidounces.

Elixir of valerianate of
ammonium, ...........................14 fluidounces
Triturate the fluid extract of sumbul in a capacious mortar

with carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy
mixture, then gradually add the elixir of valerianate of ammonium,
stirring well, and filter.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents two grains of
valerianate of ammonium. and according to this formula each
fluidrachm should contain the active principles of seven and one-half
minims of fluid extract of sumbul. But, as a matter of fact, that amount
will not dissolve in that quantity of the menstruum, the excess
remaining in the filter paper.
26. ELIXIR ANTIGLAIREUX.
(ELIXIR FOR GLENORRHEA. LAVOLLEY’S PURGATIVE ELIXIR.

TINCTURA PURGGAS. TINCTURA JALAPÆ COMPOSITAS.)
Jalap,............................................ .8 troyounces.
Turpeth root,...............................1 troyounce.
Scammony,.................................2 troyounces.
Diluted alcohol,......................... 96 fluidounces.
Mix the drugs and reduce them to a coarse powder, and

macerate this in the diluted alcohol for ten days, stirring the mixture
thoroughly each day; then filter.
(American Journal of Pharmacy, 1881.)
27. ELIXIR ANTIGOUTTEUX DE VILLETTE.

(DE VILLETTE’S GOUT ELIXIR.)
Brown cinchona bark, ............. 25 troyounces.

Poppy petals, ..............................12j troyounces.
Sassafras bark, ............................6k troyounces.
Guaiac resin, ..............................12j troyounces.
Jamaica rum, ............................. ..... 62j pints.
Syrup of sarsaparilla, ............... ......... 39 pints

macerate in the previously mixed Jamaica rum and syrup of
sarsaparilla for fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day;
then filter.
(HAGER.—See New Remedies, 1878.)
28. AROMATIC ELIXIR.
Fluidextract of sweet orange peel,....j fluidounces.

Fluidextract of coriander seed,..........k fluidounces.
Fluidextract of angelica seed,.............k fluidounces.
Carmine color, carbonate of mag-
nesium,....................................of each a sufficient quantity.
Mix the fluid extracts and triturate them in a capacious mortar

mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well, and filter.
Lastly, add solution of carmine, enough to give a nice red color.
This elixir is used as a flavor, and may be used instead of
simple elixir if desired, as it is acceptable to many persons. The Newark
Pharmaceutical Association (1871) recommended a formula on which
the above is based.
The National Formulary commends a formula in which
aromatic spirits is the base, practically as follows:
Aromatic spirits,........................16 fluidounces.
Syrup and water, of each, ........24 troyounces
Purified talcum,..........................1 troyounce.
Mix the aromatic spirits with the syrup, then add the water
and the purified talcum. Shake well together and agitate occasionally
for several days. Finally filter the mixture. This elixir is of the same
strength as that recommended by the National Formulary.
29. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY.
Solution of iodide of arsenic and mer-

cury (Donovan’s solution),.. .256 minims.
Simple elixir,..............................a sufficient quantity.
Mix the solution of iodide of arsenic and mercury with

enough simple elixir to produce sixteen fluidounces.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir contains two minims of
solution of iodide of arsenic and mercury. Dose, one fluidrachm
(teaspoonful), increased carefully to two or three fluidrachms, if
necessary.
30. ELIXIR OF BEEF.
Extract of beef,................................. 256 grains.

Distilled water,...........................j fluidounces.
Triturate the extract of beef with the water, then gradually add
the simple elixir, and filter.
two grains of extract of beef. This formula was based on one given in
the Druggists’ Circular, l878.
31. ELIXIR OF BEEF AND CITRATE OF IRON.

(ELIXIR OF BEEF AND IRON.)
Elixir of beef,...............................16 fluidounces.

Water,.......................................... j fluidounces.
Citrate of iron and ammonium,....128 grains.
Dissolve the citrate of iron in the water, add the elixir of beef,
and filter if necessary.
two grains of extract of beef and one grain of citrate of iron.
This preparation is far from permanent. It deposits a
precipitate by age, which evidently results from the reaction between
the chloride of sodium, present in large amount in the beef extract, and
the citrate of iron. The substitution; of chloride of iron for the citrate
might prove advantageous. but the demand is for an elixir of beef with
citrate of iron.
32. ELIXIR OF BEEF, IRON, AND CINCHONA.
Elixir of beef with citrate of iron,......8 fluidounces.

Elixir of cinchona (alkaloidal),..........8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

one grain of extract of beef and represents two grains of officinal
calisaya bark.
33. ELIXIR OF BLACK HAW.

(ELIXIR OF VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM.)
Fluid extract of viburnum pruni-

folium,................................................2 fluidounces.
Compound tincture of cardamom, .....l fluidounces.
Simple elixir,.......................................13 fluidounces.
Mix the liquids, allow them to stand a few days, and filter.
Each fluidrachm represents about seven and one-half grains of black
haw.
ELIXIRS CONTAINING AMMONIO-CITRATE
OF BISMUTH.
Ammonio-citrate of bismuth is not always entirely soluble in
water, owing to the fact that it parts with ammonia and assumes a
partially insoluble condition. It is well, therefore, to remember that a
little ammonia water will facilitate the complete solution of ammonio-
citrate of bismuth, unless the decomposition has proceeded beyond a
certain limit.
In consideration of the above fact, elixirs containing excess of
acids are incompatible with it, and the same is true of solutions of salts
of the mineral acids. However, excess of acetic acid does not
decompose it immediately, and salts of acetic acid are compatible with
solutions of ammonio-citrate of bismuth, which is one reason why in
elixir formulae we use acetic acid in making solutions of alkaloids.
If an elixir containing ammonio-citrate of bismuth in
connection with pepsin is not alkaline in reaction, or at least neutral,
decomposition of the salt results, followed by precipitation. If it is
alkaline, destruction of the pepsin follows.
If an elixir containing ammonio-citrate of bismuth and salts of
the alkaloids is alkaline, the alkaloids are likely to precipitate; and if
acid, precipitation results from decomposition of the bismuth salt.
These incompatibles can only be associated by carefully avoiding any
considerable excess of either acid or alkali. The alkali to be used in
order to effect neutralization is ammonia water, and the acid, acetic
acid.
We call attention occasionally to the above facts, in
connection with special combinations which we are forced to consider,
and we trust that the repetition will be excused, as we prefer to repeat
rather than omit a word of warning where it may be necessary.
34. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH.

(ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH. ELIXIR OF BlSMUTH.)
Ammonio-citrate of bismuth, .... 256 grains.

Simple elixir, ammonia water,
of each a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the ammonio-citrate of bismuth in twelve fluid-

ounces of simple elixir, adding cautiously enough ammonia water to
render the solution slightly alkaline, then bring to the measure of
sixteen fluidounces by the addition of a sufficient quantity of simple
elixir.
Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir represents
two grains of ammonio citrate of bismuth, and is the same in strength
as that adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1875.
During warm weather the ammonia escapes to a greater or less extent
from solutions of ammonio-citrate of bismuth; hence the addition of
the ammonia water in order to insure a perfect solution. Should this
elixir become cloudy from escape of ammonia, the addition of a little
ammonia water will restore its transparency. It is incompatible with
acids and salts of the mineral acids. The first formula brought to our
attention, for an elixir of bismuth, was by Mr. Wm. C. Bakes in the
American Journal of Pharmacy, 1867.
35. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH WITH

PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
ELIXIR OF BISMUTH AND IRON. ELIXIR OF BISMUTH FERRATED.
ELIXIR OF IRON AND BISMUTH )
Elixir of citrate of ammonium and

bismuth,................................... 8 fluidounces.
Elixir of pyrophosphate of iron,.8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

Each teaspoonful of the finished elixir contains one grain each
of ammonio-citrate of bismuth and of pyrophosphate of iron. This
elixir should have an alkaline reaction.
.
36. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH

WITH PEPSIN
(ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH AND PEPSIN.
ELIXIR OF BISMUTH AND PEPSIN. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND BISMUTH.)

Elixir of pepsin,..........................8 fluidounces.
Mix them together, and if of acid reaction, cautiously add
ammonia water until it is neutral or slightly alkaline.
one grain each of pepsin and citrate of ammonium and bismuth.
This preparation, we believe, is indebted for its value to the
bismuth salt and alcohol. We doubt if the pepsin retains any of its
digestive power, and in connection with the subject we direct attention
to our remarks concerning pepsin.
37. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH WITH

PEPSIN AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH, PEPSIN, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, BISMUTH, AND STRYCHNIA.)

bismuth with pepsin,............ 16 fluidounces.
Acetic acid,.................................. a sufficient, quantity.

sufficient amount to effect its solution, and then add the elixir of citrate
of ammonium and bismuth with pepsin. If of acid reaction, cautiously
add ammonia water until it is neutral or even slightly alkaline.
one grain each of pepsin and ammonio-citrate of bismuth, and one-
hundredth grain of strychnine.
The remarks we have made concerning strychnine and
pepsin, in their respective positions, will apply with pertinence to this
preparation; and although this elixir embraces a mass of
pharmaceutical incongruities, it is among the most popular elixirs used
by physicians. Were it not for this fact, the combination would not
deserve a position.
38. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH
WITH STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BlSMUTH AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF BlSMUTH AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of citrate of ammonium with

Triturate the strychnine in a mortar, cautiously adding acetic

acid until the alkaloid is dissolved, then add the elixir of citrate of
ammonium with bismuth.
two grains of citrate of ammonium and bismuth, and about one-
hundredth of a grain of strychnine as the acetate of that alkaloid.
Strychnine is incompatible with alkaline solutions, and if a
precipitate should occur while the elixir has an alkaline reaction, care
must be taken that this precipitate is thoroughly mixed with the liquid
before each dose is administered, inasmuch as the ammonio-citrate of
bismuth is incompatible with an acid, this elixir must have an alkaline
or at least a neutral reaction. However, although one and one-fourth
grains of strychnine refuse to dissolve in sixteen fluidounces of water,
it seems that the menstruum composing this elixir has the property of
holding in solution the strychnine, even though it (the elixir) is
alkaline, and thus the general incompatibility of the constituents is
overcome.
39. BITTER ELIXIR.

(ELIXIR AMARUM.)
Extract of buck-bean,................. 2 troyounces.

Extract of orange peel,...............2 troyounces.
Dissolve them in a mixture of—
Diluted alcohol,......................... 16 troyounces.
Peppermint water,.....................16 troyounces.
And add of—
Spirit of ether (Hoffman’s anodyne), 1 troyounce.
This formula is that of the German Pharmacopoeia, 1872.

40. ELIXIR OF BLACKBERRY.
Fluid extract of blackberry,.......2 fluidounces.

Alcohol,.......................................j fluidounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of blackberry in a capacious mortar

Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents seven and
one half minims of fluid extract of blackberry. A formula for this elixir,
containing blackberry root, cinnamon, and cloves, was suggested in the
Druggists’ Circular, 1880.
41. ELIXIR OF BOLDO.
Fluid extract of boldo, ..............4 fluidounces

Alcohol,.......................................2 fluidounces
Triturate the fluid extract of boldo with carbonate of mag-

nesium sufficient to produce a creamy mixture, then gradually add the
simple elixir, filter, and add the alcohol.
Verne recommended an elixir of boldo in the Pharmaceutical
Journal and Transactions, but, as the virtues of boldo are imperfectly
extracted by an aqueous liquid, we do not admire such a preparation.
According to this formula each fluidrachm should contain the active
principles of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of boldo. But,
as a matter of fact, that amount will not dissolve in that quantity of the
menstruum, the excess remaining in the filter paper.
42. ELIXIR OF BRANDY.

Nutmegs,........................................... 40 grains.
Cardamom,....................................... 60 grains.
Rhubarb,............................................ 60 grains.
Lavender flowers,............................ 60 grains.
Cinnamon,........................................ 60 grains.
Ginger,......................................... ...... 60 grains.
Powdered extract of licorice,........ 360 grains.
Brandy,.........................................16 fluidounces.
Water,.......................................... 8 fluidounces.

macerate this in the mixed brandy and water for fourteen days, stirring
the mixture thoroughly each day; then filter. It may also be prepared by
percolation.
This elixir was once sold as a proprietary remedy, under the
name “Dr. Butler’s Elixir of Brandy.” We are informed, however, by a
writer in the Druggists’ Circular (1858), that Dr. Butler was a “fictitious
character,” coined by a couple of young men who made a sale for “Dr.
Butler’s Medicines.”
43. ELIXIR OF BUCHU.
Fluid extract of buchu,..............2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of buchu with carbonate of mag-
nesium in sufficient amount to form a creamy mixture, then gradually
add the simple elixir, and filter.
According to this formula each fluidrachm should contain the
active principles of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of
buchu. But, as a matter of fact, that amount will not dissolve in that
quantity of the menstruum, the excess remaining in the filter paper. In
our opinion, fluid extract of buchu should be made with alcohol of the
specific gravity 0.820, and the addition of water lessens its value as a
menstruum for extracting buchu and retaining its desirable principles,
in proportion to the amount of water added. Hence it is that the elixir
of buchu is inferior to an equivalent amount of the fluid extract of
buchu used in making it, providing the fluid extract was reputable.
4 1. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF BUCHU.
Compound fluidextract of buchu, 4 fluidounces.

Triturate the compound fluid extract of buchu with carbonate
of magnesium in sufficient amount to form a creamy mixture, then
gradually add the simple elixir, and filter.
This elixir is similar to that commended by the National
Formulary, and is of the same strength.
45. ELIXIR OF BUCKTHORN.

(ELIXIR OF FRANGULA.)
Fluid extract of frangula,..........4 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract in enough magnesium carbonate to

form a creamy mixture, then add the simple elixir, and filter. Each
fluidrachm represents fifteen grains of buckthorn.
46. ELIXIR OF CAFFEINE.
Caffeine,........................................... 128 grains.

Dilute hydrobromic acid, U. S. P. .32 grains.
Syrup of coffee,...........................4 fluidounces.
Simple elixir, enough to make,16 fluidounces.
Triturate the caffeine in a mortar with the dilute hydrobromic

acid and sufficient simple elixir to dissolve it, then add the syrup, and
lastly enough simple elixir to make sixteen fluidounces. This formula
is similar to the one commended by the National Formulary, and is of
the same strength.
47. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF CALCIUM.
Bromide of calcium,................. .... 640 grains.

Simple elixir,..............................15.5 fluidounces.
Dissolve the bromide of calcium in the simple elixir, and filter

if necessary.
five grains of bromide of calcium. This proportion was recommended
by Robert W. Gardner, 1880.
ELIXIR OF IODO-BROMIDE OF CALCIUM.

This is private property. Under the above name a preparation
has been introduced and extensively advertised, and through courtesy
to the proprietors we refrain from interfering.
48. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITE OF CALCIUM.
Hypophosphite of calcium,......... 256 grains.

Citric acid,.......................................... 30 grains.
Simple elixir,....................enough to make l 6 fluidounces.
Dissolve the hypophosphite of calcium in the simple elixir,

add the citric acid, and filter. Each fluidrachm contains two grains of
hypophosphite of calcium.
49. ELIXIR OF LACTOPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM.
Lactophosphate of calcium,......... 128 grains.

Lactic acid, syrupy,.....................1 fluidrachm.
Mix the simple elixir with the lactic acid, and dissolve therein
the lactophosphate of calcium, and filter. Each fluidrachm of the
finished elixir contains one grain of lactophosphate of calcium. This
elixir corresponds in strength to that of previous editions of our work,
and also to that of the National Formulary. In our opinion, the process
commended herein is preferable to the others, and the product is
practically identical. The substance sold in commerce by chemical
manufacturers under the name lacto-phosphate of calcium, although
not a definite salt, is probably as effective therapeutically as the
pharmaceutical preparation made by dissolving either phosphate of
calcium in lactic acid, or lactate of calcium in phosphoric acid.
50. ELIXIR OF MONO-BROMATED CAMPHOR.
Mono-bromated camphor,...... .... 128 grains.

Dissolve the mono-bromated camphor in the alcohol, and stir

this solution slowly in the simple elixir.
one grain of mono-bromated camphor. Mr. T. Mundy, of Paris, has
recommended an elixir of mono-bromated camphor containing nine
grains in fifteen fluidrachms, but the amount of alcohol is very great.
However, as alcohol is the best common solvent for this substance, we
prefer a simple alcoholic solution to an elixir, as the water present in
the elixir favors precipitation.
51. ELIXIR CAMPHOR MONO-BROMATED, COMPOUND.
Butyl chloral,..........................................3 grains.

Essence of cinnamon,................1j drachms.
Dissolve the butyl chloral in the essence of cinnamon,and add—
Tincture of gelsemium,........... ...10 minims.
Simple (red) elixir,.................... 1j fluidrachms.
Simple syrup,
a sufficient quantity to make.....1 fluidounces.
Then triturate two grains of mono-bromated camphor and

dissolve in the above liquid.
According to the Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions,
this elixir is often prescribed in Paris.
Each fluidrachm contains about one-third grain of butyl
chloral, one minim of tincture of gelsemium, and one-fourth grain of
mono-bromated camphor.
52. COMPOUND CATHARTIC ELIXIR.

Fluid extract of rhubarb,...........2 fluidounces.
Sulphate of magnesium,......... 2 troyounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of rhubarb in a capacious mortar

mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, having previously
dissolved in it the magnesium sulphate; stir well, and filter.
one-half minims of fluid extract of rhubarb, and contains seven and
one-half grains of magnesium sulphate.
In the year 1876 an anonymous correspondent furnished the
Druggists’ Circular with a mixture for making the above elixir. It was
much more complex and presented no advantages over our formula.
The National Formulary makes this elixir of a mixture of
senega, podophyllum, leptandra, jalap, and Rochelle salt. It is an
imperfect pharmaceutical preparation.
53. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CELERY.
Take of fluid extracts of celery, coca, kola, and black haw bark,
of each one fluidounces. Mix the fluid extracts, add two fluidounces of
alcohol and enough simple elixir to make sixteen fluidounces. After
standing a few days, with occasional agitation, filter the mixture. This
elixir is of the same strength as that of the compound elixir of celery of
the National Formulary. It deposits a sediment and is not a perfect
preparation.
54. ELIXIR OF WILD CHERRY.
Fluid extract of wild cherry,.... 2 fluidounces.

Alcohol,....................................... fluidounces.
Carbonate of magnesium, . a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extract of wild cherry in a capacious mortar

Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir will contain the
medicinal principles of seven and one-half grains of wild- cherry bark.
55. ELIXIR OF WILD CHERRY WITH CHLORIDE OF IRON

AND CITRATE OF AMMONIUM.
(ELIXIR OF WILD CHERRY AND CHLORIDE OF IRON.
FERRATED ELIXIR OF WILD CHERRY. )
Elixir of wild cherry,................. 16 fluidounces.

Tincture of chloride of iron,... fluidounces.
Solution of citrate of ammonium, fluidounces.
Mix the tincture of chloride of iron with the solution of citrate

of ammonium, and add this to the elixir of wild cherry.
seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of wild cherry, and about
two minims of tincture of chloride of iron.
This formula is based upon Mr. J. Creuse’s experiments with
“tasteless chloride of iron,” and to him we are indebted for the
improved process (citrate of ammonium mixed with chloride of iron)
for associating iron with vegetable astringents. Should the foregoing
produce an inky liquid, increase the amount of solution of citrate of
ammonium. Since fluid extracts vary, the proportion of our formula is
sometimes incorrect.
56. ELIXIR OF HYDRATE OF CHLORAL.

(ELIXIR OF CHLORAL.)
Chloral hydrate,............................. 640 grains.

Dissolve the chloral hydrate in the simple elixir, and filter if

necessary.
five grains of hydrate of chloral, which is one-half the amount present
in syrup of chloral of the British Pharmacopœia.
57. ELIXIR OF CIMICIFUGA.
(ELIXIR OF MACROTYS. )
Fluid extract of cimicifuga,......2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of cimicifuga in a capacious mortar

Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir should contain seven
and one-half minims of fluid extract of cimicifuga. But, as a matter of
fact, that amount will not dissolve in that quantity of the menstruum,
the excess remaining in the filter paper. The remarks we make
concerning elixir of grindelia robusta apply with equal pertinence to
this.
58. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CIMICIFUGA.

(COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MACROTYS. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF BLACK COHOSH.)
Fluid extract of cimicifuga,......4 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of wild-cherry bark,2 fluidounces.
Fluid extract of licorice,............1 fluidounces.
Fluid extract of senega,.............1 fluidounces.
Fluid extract of ipecac,.............. fluidounces.
Mix the fluid extracts together and evaporate the mixture to

three fluidounces. Triturate this in a capacious mortar, with carbonate
of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy mixture, then
gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well, and filter.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents (subject to
remarks concerning elixir of cimicifuga) fifteen minims of fluid extract
of cimicifuga, together with seven and one half minims of fluid extract
of wild-cherry bark, about four minims each of fluid extract of licorice
and senega, and nearly two minims of fluid extract of ipecac.
59. CLAUDER’S ELIXIR
Carbonate of potassium,.......... .1 troyounce.

Chloride of ammonium,......... .1 troyounce.
Elder-flower water,...........................1 pints.
Dissolve and add—
Aloes,........................................... .1 troyounce.
Myrrh,...........................................1 troyounce.
Saffron,........................................ ....2 drachms.
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter.—Pideret.
60. ELIXIR OF COCA.
Fluid extract of coca,..................2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of coca in a capacious mortar with

carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy
one-half minims of fluid extract of coca.
61. ELIXIR OF COCA AND GUARANA.

Fluid extract of guarana,.......... 2 fluidounces.
Purified talcum,............................. 240 grains.
Triturate the mixed fluid extracts with the purified talcum,

gradually add the simple elixir, shaking well together, and agitate
occasionally for twenty-four hours, then filter
Each fluidrachm represents seven and one-half grains each of
coca and guarana.
62. ELIXIR OF COLUMBO.
Fluid extract of columbo,.........2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of columbo in a capacious mortar

one-half minims of fluid extract of columbo.
63. ELIXIR OF COLUMBO, CITRATE OF IRON, AND RHUBARB.

(ELIXIR OF COLUMBO, IRON, AND RHUBARB.)
Citrate of iron,............................ troyounce.

Solid extract of columbo,......... troyounce.
Solid extract of rhubarb,........... troyounce.
Distilled water,...........................4 fluidounces.
Dissolve the citrate of iron in the distilled water and triturate

the solid extracts with this liquid until they are dissolved. Filter the
solution and mix the filtrate with the brandy and simple elixir.
This mixture was given through the Druggists’ Circular, 1873,
by Mr. W. Turpin Swentsell.
64. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CORYDALIS.
Fluid extract of corydalis,.........1 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of stillingia,.........1 fluidounces.
Fluid extract of prickly-ash berries, fluidounces.
Fluid extract of blue flag-root,.. fluidounces.
Iodide of potassium,................. .... 384 grains.
Simple elixir, carbonate of magne-
sium,.................................. of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the mixed fluid extracts in a capacious mortar with
mixture, then gradually add simple elixir enough to produce sixteen
fluidounces, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the
alcohol, and dissolve the iodide of potassium in the liquid.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents the
proportion which the menstruum will dissolve of about four minims
each of fluid extract of corydalis and of stillingia, about two minims of
fluid extract of prickly-ash berries, and two minims of fluid extract of
blue flag-root; together with three grains of iodide of potassium.
We have little faith in the power of the above menstruum to
dissolve the desirable principles of the drugs, corydalis, perhaps,
excepted; but the elixir may be therapeutically worthy, since iodide of
potassium alone is valuable.
The above formula is nearly identical with that offered by the
joint committee of the National College of Pharmacy and the Medical
Society of the District of Columbia.
65. ELIXIR o@ COTO.
Fluid extract of coto,..................2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of coto with magnesium carbonate

until a creamy mixture results, then gradually add the simple elixir,
and filter. Each fluidrachm of this elixir represents such an amount of
seven and one-half grains of coto as will dissolve in the liquid.
66. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CHLOROFORM.

(CHLOROFORM PAREGORIC OF DR. HARTSHORNE.)
Chloroform,................................1 fluidounces.
Tincture of opium,....................1 fluidounces.
Tincture of camphor,................1 fluidounces.
Aromatic spirit of ammonia,..1 fluidounces.
Best brandy,.................................2 fluidounces.
Mix together. Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir contains

eleven and one-fourth minims of each of the medicinal ingredients. It
should be dispensed cautiously.
This preparation was originally used under the name
“chloroform paregoric of Dr. Hartshorne,” and the formula was
published in the book of formulæ issued in 1867 by the joint committee
of the Medical and Pharmaceutical Associations of the District of
Columbia. In former editions of our work this compound was entitled
“Elixir of Chloroform.”
67. ELIXIR CHLOROFORMIQUE OF BOUCHUT.

(BOUCHUT’S ELIXIR OF CHLOROFORM.)
Chloroform,.....................................8 minims.
Alcohol,..........................................64 minims.
Simple elixir,...............................225 minims.
Mix in the order given. Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir

contains one and three-fifths of a minim of chloroform.
(Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1862.)
68. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CRAMP BARK.

(COMPOUND ELIXIR OF VIBURNUM OPULUS.)
Fluid extract of cramp bark,.....1 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of beth root,.........2 fluidounces.
Fluid extract of aletris,..............1 fluidounces.
Compound elixir of taraxacum,11 fluidounces.
Mix them and allow the mixture to stand a few days, and then
filter.
69. ELIXIR OF CROTON.
Croton chloral hydrate,................ 128 grains.

Dissolve the croton chloral hydrate in the water, and add the
simple elixir (Druggists’ Circular, 1875). Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful)
of the finished elixir contains one grain of croton chloral hydrate.
ELIXIRS OF CALISAYA OR CINCHONA BARK
AND ITS ALKALOIDS.
These include the most popular elixirs, and which are
prescribed most freely by physicians. The original “cordial elixir of
calisaya” contained all of the principles of the bark which were soluble
in the menstruum used in making it, and, as a simple elixir of calisaya,
is preferred by many physicians at the present day. When combina-
tions of calisaya bark and the various iron preparations were
introduced, a demand was created for an elixir of calisaya which could
be mixed with certain iron salts without precipitation or inky disco-
loration, and this was followed by the introduction of “detannated
elixir of calisaya,” which would answer this purpose. However, in
making the detannated elixir the natural combination of the alkaloids
is destroyed and the cincho-tannic acid is separated, and we prefer to
use the alkaloids of calisaya direct. The use of the alkaloids, by
pharmacists, instead of the bark, will certainly give a more definite
preparation, as variation in quality is thus overcome, and we do not
know that the name “elixir of calisaya” is very inappropriate under
these conditions. Hence it is that we direct the “elixir of calisaya from
the alkaloids” in this work; but if the operator prefers, the detannated
elixir can be substituted.
It must be remembered that the alkaloids of calisaya are
almost insoluble in a slightly alkaline or neutral aqueous menstruum,
and, as a consequence, the elixir of these alkaloids should have an acid
reaction. However, some outside combinations, especially with
pyrophosphate of iron and ammonio-citrate of bismuth, will not admit
of a strong acid reaction, and the operator should endeavor to have
these associations as nearly neutral as it is possible and retain the
several ingredients in solution. With a little experience the skillful
pharmacist will learn to associate many of these incongruities; but
there is no doubt that oft times the filter paper is the real pharmacist,
when some of the incompatibles we might name are supposed to be
associated in a transparent, permanent condition, and that upon the
filter paper may be found the bulk of the medicinal ingredients.
PREPARATIONS OF ALKALOIDS.
In following the directions for making elixirs by this work, it

will be observed that we refer to alkaloid cinchonidine, and alkaloid
quinine, as well as alkaloid cinchonine. The last is in general use, but
the others must often be prepared extemporaneously. In reviewing the
processes which have been heretofore recommended, we find consid-
erable trouble in manipulation. The plan of our Pharmacopœia (1970)
is that of dissolving the sulphate of the alkaloid in water, by means of
sulphuric acid, and then precipitating with ammonia water, after
which the precipitated alkaloid is washed with water. In following this
process we find a very bulky, amorphous precipitate, and which
requires a large amount of water before it can be thoroughly freed from
ammonium sulphate. Again, when we attempt to dry this precipitate,
if the weather is moderately warm, it runs together, agglutinates, and
finally forms a transparent, horn-like mass which adheres closely to
the paper. In order to overcome these troubles, the writer has devised
the following process, which yields an alkaloid which answers every
purpose required by the class of preparations under consideration:
ALKALOID QUININE OR ALKALOID CINCHONIDINE.
Sulphate of quinine or sulphate of

cinchonidine,1 ounce.
Distilled water,32 fluidounces.
Ammonia water,j fluidounces.
Mix the ammonia water with the distilled water, and having
placed the sulphate of the desired alkaloid in a mortar, gradually
triturate it with a sufficient amount of the liquid, so as to form a thin,
creamy mixture, then add the remainder of the mixed waters. Permit
this to stand half an hour, and transfer to a filter paper; then, after the
precipitate has drained, return it to the mortar, and mix it again with a
liquid composed of—

Ammonia water,.......................k fluidounces.
Permit this mixture to stand for half an hour, and then

transfer it to a muslin strainer, squeeze. it until the liquid is expressed,
and then dry it by hanging it in the atmosphere, without, however,
removing the strainer.
The foregoing process offers several advantages over the old,
not the least being the ready production of an alkaloid in a porous and
finely divided form. If the strainer is permitted to remain during the
process of drying, the liquid carries the dissolved sulphate of ammo-
nium to the surface, as it evaporates, and deposits it upon the muslin.
This process is often followed by the writer with regard to other
precipitates which contain coloring matters and impurities that ordinary washing
seems not to separate. By spreading them in thin layers upon muslin, and pressing a
sheet of muslin upon their surface, the impurities are carried by the liquid to the
surface.
70. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA (OR CINCHONA. See No. 71).

(CORDIAL ELIXIR OF CALISAYA. ELIXIR OF BARK.)
Calisaya bark,.............................. 4 troyounces

Fresh orange peel,..................... 2 troyounces.
Ceylon cinnamon,......................1 troyounce.
Coriander seed,.......................... .1 troyounce.
Fennel seed,................................ k troyounce.
Caraway seed,............................. k troyounce.
Cardamom seed,........................ k troyounce.
Cochineal,................................... k troyounce.
Brandy,.........................................40 troyounces.
Alcohol,.......................................16 troyounces.
Water,.......................................... 56 troyounces.
Simple syrup,............................. 40 troyounces..
Reduce the orange peel to a pulp by concussion in an iron

mortar, and mix the pulp with the remainder of the drugs, having
previously reduced them to a coarse powder. Mix the brandy, alcohol,
and water, and moisten the powder with an amount sufficient of this
menstruum to prepare it for percolation. Pack the moistened powder
in a suitable percolator, and extract it by percolation with the remainder
of the menstruum. Lastly, mix this percolate with the simple syrup.
This formula was furnished the American Journal of Phar-
macy, January, 1859, by Mr. Alfred B. Taylor, excepting that the
manipulation has been slightly modified by us. This process furnishes
a very palatable preparation, and at one time it was popular under the
name “cordial elixir of calisaya.” However, a slight precipitate occurs in
it after standing, and, as a rule, pharmacists prefer an elixir made of the
alkaloids. In our opinion, this elixir is often the preferable elixir of
calisaya, but out of respect to the demands of trade, and combinations
to be made, we shall recognize under compounds of calisaya an elixir
made with cinchona alkaloids, as follows:
71. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA.
The National Formulary uses the title Elixir of Cinchona

instead of Elixir of Calisaya. That preparation is somewhat different
from the typical elixirs that have been fashionable under the name
elixir of calisaya, and we therefore give to the elixir of cinchona a
separate position, although the distinction is not technically correct.
The formula of the National Formulary is essentially as follows:
Tincture of cinchona, U.S.P.,.. 2j fluidounces.

Syrup,........................................... 6 fluidounces.
Water,.................................enough to make 16 fluidounces.
The liquids are to be mixed together, and, after having stood

for twenty-four hours, the purified talcum is to be added and shaken
therewith. The mixture is then to be filtered. Each fluidounces
represents about fourteen grains of yellow cinchona.
72. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA ALKALOIDS.

(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA BARK ELIXIR OF BARK.)

Quinine (alkaloid),.......................... 12 grains.
Cinchonine (alkaloid),............. ........ 6 grains.
Mix the alkaloids, and triturate them in a mortar with one

fluidounces of simple elixir, and then gradually add acetic acid in
amount sufficient to effect their solution; then add the remainder of
the simple elixir. Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir
contains alkaloids sufficient to represent four grains of officinal calisaya
bark. The preparation is that adopted by the American Pharmaceutical
Association, 1875. The elixir has a distinct, bitter taste, and we have
reason to believe that any substance which will overcome the
bitterness will do so at the expense of the alkaloids, rendering them
insoluble. Various plans have been recommended, from time to time,
for detannating calisaya bark, usually by means of hydroxide of iron,
first suggested by Mr. Meier, of New York, in 1867. These processes are
tedious, and the product presents little, if any, advantage over a simple
solution of the alkaloids. For this reason we consider this formula a
practical substitute for “detannated elixir of calisaya,” which follows.
73. DETANNATED ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK.

(DETANNATED ELIXIR OF CINCHONA BARK. DETANNATED ELIXIR OF BARK.
Calisaya bark,..............................24 troyounces.

Curaçoa orange peel,.................16 troyounces.
Coriander,................................... 4 troyounces.
Cardamom,.................................1j troyounces.
Ceylon cinnamon,.....................3 troyounces.
Anise,...........................................1 troyounces.
Cocoa (Baker’s),..........................8 troyounces.
Reduce to a moderately fine powder; displace with a mixture

consisting of one part, by measure, of alcohol and three parts of water,
until two and one-half gallons of percolate are obtained.
Meanwhile, prepare hydrated sesquioxide of iron from six
pints of solution of tersulphate of iron, according to the
Pharmacopœial process, measure it, and add to every four measures
one measure of alcohol; then add of this sufficient to the percolate,
obtained as above, to deprive it of its cincho-tannic acid. The absence of
the latter is readily ascertained by the addition of a drop of tincture of
chloride of iron to a filtered portion of the liquid in operation, which
should not be colored by such addition. Should coloration result, the
intensity or faintness will serve as a guide to the further quantity of
hydrated sesquioxide of iron necessary to completely detannate the
preparation. As soon as this result is obtained, strain the mixture upon
a muslin strainer, and when the liquid ceases to pass, wash the residue
upon the strainer, with sufficient of a mixture of one measure of
alcohol to three of water to make the strained liquid measure five
gallons. Now triturate together oil of orange one-half fluidounces,
carbonate of magnesium four troyounces. When thoroughly mixed,
incorporate it with the strained liquid obtained as above, agitate well,
and filter through paper; express the filter between muslin, filter the
expressed liquid, and mix with the previous filtrate, in which dissolve
fifteen pounds avoirdupois of sugar. If necessary, filter the elixir thus
obtained; but simple straining will usually answer.
The above formula is that of Prof. C. Lewis Diehl, as presented
to the Louisville College of Pharmacy, January 16th, 1872.
about two grains of calisaya bark of the quality employed by the
operator.
The first record we can find of detannating the percolate from
calisaya bark by means of hydrated sesquioxide of iron, for the purpose
of making an elixir, was the communication to the Druggists’ Circular,
1867, by Mr. Meier, of New York. He used solution of ferric chloride to
prepare the hydroxide. Detannated elixir of calisaya was introduced to
supply a solution of the alkaloids of calisaya which could be mixed
with iron salts without precipitation or inky discoloration. We are
sure that pharmacists, generally, will meet with better success,
regarding the quality if the product, by using an elixir directly from the
alkaloids; hence we favor that form of “elixir of calisaya” in this work.
We cannot say that there is actually much difference in the finished
preparation, since the natural combination of the alkaloids is broken
when the cincho-tannic acid is removed, and all must admit that the
calisaya barks of commerce are uncertain in quality. The elixir of the
alkaloids is of definite strength.
74. DESLAURIER’S ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND COFFEE.
Yellow cinchona bark,..............2j troyounces.

Brown cinchona bark,.............. .1 troyounce.
Browned (slightly) coffee,........2 troyounces.
Sugar,........................................... 12j troyounces
Sherry wine,............................... 32 troyounces.
Citric acid,......................................... 150 grains
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and mix all the above-
named ingredients. Allow the mixture to macerate for a few days in a
warm location, then bring it to a boil, cool and filter it. Dissolve in the
filtrate ten and one-half ounces of sugar, and add two fluidounces of
alcohol. The above is taken from New Remedies, 1878, and is known
as elixir Deslaurier’s toni-febrifuge au quinquina et café.
75. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA WITH LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.
(ELIXIR OF CINCHONA WITH LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.
ELIXIR OF LACTOPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM WITH CALISAYA.)
Elixir of Calisaya (alkaloidal),...................8 fluidounces.

Elixir of lactophosphate of calcium,......8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

one-half grain of lactophosphate of calcium, and represents two grains
of calisaya.
76. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND CHLORIDE OF IRON

WITH AMMONIUM CITRATE.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND CHLORIDE OF IRON.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA AND CHLORIDE OF IRON.)
Elixir of calisaya,........................ 15 fluidounces.

Solution of citrate of ammonium,j fluidounces.
Tincture of chloride of iron,............j fluidounces.
Mix the solution of citrate of ammonium with the tincture of

chloride of iron, and add the elixir of calisaya.
about two minims of tincture of chloride of iron, and represents nearly
four grains of calisaya. The addition of the solution of citrate of
ammonium prevents discoloration of mixtures of this elixir, and
substances containing vegetable tannates. To the fact that this mixture
could accomplish the aforenamed result we are indebted to Mr. J.
Creuse, who has written several interesting articles on the subject, and
we refer the reader to the back numbers of the Druggists’ Circular and
Journal of Pharmacy, if particularly interested in the subject.
77. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, CITRATE OF IRON, AND BEEF.

(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, AND BEEF.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, IRON AND BEEF. )
Elixir of beef with citrate of iron,.......8 fluidounces.

Elixir of calisaya (alkaloidal),.............8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.
one grain of extract of beef, one-half grain of citrate of iron, and
represents two grains of officinal calisaya.
The remarks concerning elixir of beef and citrate of iron may
be applied to this preparation.
78. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH

AMMONIUM CITRATE AND GENTIAN.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, AND GENTIAN.)
Elixir of calisaya,........................ 8 fluidounces.

Tincture of chloride of iron,... fluidounces.
Solution of citrate of ammonium,.. fluidounces.
Fluid extract of gentian,........... fluidounces.
Distilled water, carbonate of mag-
nesium,.............................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extract of gentian in a mortar with

carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a thick paste,
and then gradually add eight fluidounces of distilled water, filter, and
bring the filtrate to the measure of seven fluidounces by addition of
distilled water. Mix the solution of citrate of ammonium with the
tincture of chloride of iron, and add to the gentian filtrate, and then
add the elixir of calisaya.
about one minim each of tincture of chloride of iron and of fluid
extract of gentian, and represents about two grains of calisaya.
The remarks applied to elixir of calisaya and chloride of iron
with ammonium citrate, are applicable to this preparation.
The National Formulary prepares this substance from tincture
of citro-chloride of iron. The product is similar to that produced by our
formula.
79. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, CITRATE OF IRON, BEEF, AND

STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, BEEF, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, IRON, BEEF, AND STRYCHNIA. )
Elixir of calisaya, citrate of iron,
and beef,...................................16 fluidounces.

sufficient amount to effect its solution; then add the elixir.
one grain of extract of beef, one-half grain of citrate of iron, one-
hundredth grain of strychnine, and represents two grains of calisaya. It
is not a permanent preparation, for explanation of which assertion see
our remarks on elixir of beef with citrate of iron.
80. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH CITRATE OF

PROTOXIDE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND PROTOXIDE OF IRON. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK
AND FERROUS CITRATE. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA AND PROTOXIDE OF IRON.)
Sulphate of iron, crystallized,. .... 256 grains.

Bicarbonate of sodium,............ .... 200 grains.
Citric acid, distilled water, elixir of calisaya bark
(alkaloidal),......................of each a. sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the sulphate of iron and the bicarbonate of sodium

separately, each in sixteen fluidounces of cold, freshly distilled water,
and mix the solutions. Pour the mixtures into a bottle, which must be
filled to the stopper (using more distilled water if necessary), and
permit it to rest for twenty-four hours. Decant the clear solution and
refill the bottle with freshly distilled water, shaking well, and permit it
to stand as before. After twenty-four hours decant the clear solution,
pour the residue upon a fine muslin strainer and squeeze the liquid
from it. Dissolve the precipitate by trituration in a mortar, with citric
acid in sufficient amount, and then add enough elixir of calisaya bark
to make sixteen fluidounces, and filter.
of citrate of protoxide of iron an amount which is equivalent to two
grains of crystallized sulphate of iron, and it represents about three
grains of calisaya bark.
The name (elixir of protoxide of iron) is a misnomer, if
applied to a preparation like this, and all the processes we have seen
give a solution of a salt of protoxide of iron. This fact has been
repeatedly noticed in the Druggists’ Circular and other journals, and
such authorities as Mr. Creuse, Prof. Diehl, and Prof. Oldberg have
called particular attention to the misnomer. Notwithstanding all of
which, we find physicians, and even pharmacists, insist on using the
term, and we therefore place it among our synonyms.
81. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE

OF IRON AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, PROTOXIDE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF BARK, PROTOXIDE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, FERROUS CITRATE, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA AND CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.)
Elixir of calisaya with citrate of

protoxide of iron,....................16 fluidounces.

acid until it is dissolved, then mix with the elixir of calisaya and citrate
of protoxide of iron.
grains of sulphate of iron and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine,
and represents about three grains of calisaya bark. This preparation is
unstable.
82. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.

(ELIXIR OF CINCHONA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK AND IRON.
ELIXIR OF BARK AND IRON.
FERRATED ELIXIR OF CALISAYA.)
Elixir of calisaya (alkaloidal),.. 14 fluidounces.

Distilled water,...........................2 fluidextracts
Pyrophosphate of iron,................. 256 grains.
Dissolve the pyrophosphate of iron in the distilled water, add

the elixir of calisaya, and filter if necessary. If not neutral in reaction,
bring it to a neutral condition by addition of either acetic acid or
ammonia water.
two grains of pyrophosphate of iron and represents about four grains of
officinal: calisaya bark. The proportion is that recommended by the
American Pharmaceutical Association, 1875.
In 1862 Mr. James T. Shinn published (American Journal of
Pharmacy) a process for making the above elixir, employing crude
materials upon the principle of Mr. Taylor’s elixir of calisaya. In
speaking of it Mr. Shinn uses the following language: “Among the
pharmaceutical novelties recently brought to the notice of physicians,
this preparation of iron, cinchona, and brandy is one of the most
agreeable, and possibly may prove very popular with patients.” The
result proves Mr. Shinn’s surmise to have been correct, although the
original preparations have been replaced with those more pleasing to
the eye.
83. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF

IRON AND CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, AND BISMUTH.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, IRON, AND BISMUTH.
ELIXIR OF BARK, IRON, AND BISMUTH.
FERRATED ELIXIR OF BARK AND BISMUTH.)
Ammonio-citrate of bismuth, .... 128 grains.

Elixir of calisaya bark with iron,
....................................a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the ammonio-citrate of bismuth in the distilled

water, cautiously adding ammonia water if necessary; then add elixir of
calisaya bark with iron, sufficient to make sixteen fluidounces. Should
a precipitate follow, the addition of either ammonia water or acetic
acid, as the case may demand, to render the liquid neutral, will
redissolve it.
one grain of ammonio-citrate of bismuth, about two grains of
pyrophosphate of iron, and represents nearly four grains of officinal
calisaya bark.
84. ELIXIR Of CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON,
CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, STRYCHNIA, AND BISMUTH.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, IRON, STRYCHNIA, AND BISMUTH.
ELIXIR OF BARK, IRON, STRYCHNIA, AND BISMUTH.
FERRATED ELIXIR OF BARK, STRYCHNIA, AND BISMUTH.)
Elixir of calisaya bark with pyrophosphate of iron, citrate

of ammonium, and bismuth,.16 fluidounces.
Strychnine,....................................... 1 grains.
Powder the strychnine and dissolve it in a sufficient amount

of acetic acid, and mix this with the elixir.
one grain of ammonio-citrate of bismuth, about two grains of pyro-
phosphate of iron, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine, and
represents nearly four grains of officinal calisaya bark.
85. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON

AND LACTOPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, AND LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, IRON, AND LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.)
Elixir of calisaya with iron, . . 8 fluidounces.

Elixir of lactophosphate of lime, . 8
Mix them together.

one-half grain each of lactophosphate of lime and pyrophosphate of
iron, and represents two grains of officinal calisaya. An elixir similar to
the above, which is also about the same as “Wheeler’s Elixir,” was
introduced by Mr. G. F. Butler in 1881.
The National Formulary uses lactate of calcium, phosphoric
acid, and elixir of cinchona and iron. The strength of the elixir,
however, conforms to that of our publication.
86. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE
OF IRON AND PEPSIN.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, IRON, AND PEPSIN. ELIXIR OF BARK, IRON, AND
PEPSIN. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND PEPSIN.)
Elixir of calisaya bark with pyro-

phosphate of iron,..................8 fluidounces.
Mix them together and neutralize, or render slightly alkaline,

if necessary, by means of ammonia water.
one grain each of pyrophosphate of iron and saccharated pepsin, and
represents about two grains of officinal calisaya bark.
87. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE

OF IRON AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA. ELIXIR OF BARK, IRON, AND
STRYCHNIA. FERRATED ELIXIR OF BARK WITH STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of calisaya bark with pyro-

phosphate of iron,.................16 fluidounces.
Powder the strychnine, dissolve it in a sufficient amount of

acetic acid, and add the elixir of calisaya bark with pyrophosphate of
iron, and, if necessary, ammonia water to neutralization.
two grains of pyrophosphate of iron, about one-hundredth of a grain of
strychnine, and represents four grains of officinal calisaya bark. This
preparation is that recommended by the American Pharmaceutical
Association, 1875.
In former editions of this book (see page 17) the strength of
this elixir was given as one-fiftieth of a grain of strychnia in each
fluidrachm. In order to confirm the work of the National Formulary
committee we have changed the proportion to one-hundredth of a
grain.
88. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA AND HYPOPHOSPHITES.

Hypophosphite of sodium,..... .... 128 grains.
Elixir of cinchona,
....... enough to make 16 fluidounces.
The citric acid and hypophosphites are to be dissolved in the

water, and the solution mixed with enough elixir of cinchona to make
sixteen fluidounces, and then filtered. Each fluidrachm contains one
grain each of the hypophosphites of calcium and sodium. This
formula is identical in strength with that of the National Formulary.
89. DETANNATED ELIXIR OF CINCHONA.
Detannated tincture of cin-

chona,.......................................2 fluidounces.
Water, enough to make........... 16 fluidounces.
Mix the liquids, allow the mixture to stand twenty-four hours

or longer, then add the purified talcum. Shake well together, and filter.
Each fluidounce represents fourteen grains of yellow cinchona. This
formula is similar to that of the National Formulary, and the product
is of the same strength.
90. ELIXIR OR CINCHONINE.
Cinchonine (alkaloid),............. .... 256 grains.

Simple elixir, phosphoric acid (U. S. P.,
1872),..........................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the powdered cinchonine in a mortar with three

fluidounces of simple elixir, and dissolve it by the gradual addition of a
sufficient amount of phosphoric acid; then mix this solution with a
sufficient amount of simple elixir to make the whole measure sixteen
fluidounces, and filter if necessary.
of phosphate of cinchonine an amount which is equivalent to two
grains of cinchonine.
91. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONINE AND

CINCHONIDINE.
Mix equal amounts, by measure, of elixir of phosphate of

cinchonine and elixir of phosphate of cinchonidine.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir contains of phosphate
of cinchonidine an amount which is equivalent to one-half grain of
cinchonidine, and of phosphate of cinchonine an amount which is
equivalent to one grain of cinchonine
92. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONINE AND STRYCHNINE
Elixir of phosphate of cinchonine, 16 fluidounces.
Phosphoric acid (U. S. P., 1872),
............................a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the powdered strychnine in a mortar with sufficient

phosphoric acid, gradually added, to effect its solution; then add the
elixir of phosphate of cinchonine.
and filter if necessary.
of phosphates of cinchonine and strychnine an amount which is
equivalent to two grains of cinchonine and one-hundredth of a grain
of strychnine.
93. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDINE.

(ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDIA. ELIXIR OF CINCHONIDIA.)
Cinchonidine (alkaloid),.............. 128 grains.

1872), .........................of each a sufficient quantity.
Powder the cinchonidine, and triturate it in a mortar with two
fluidounces of simple elixir. When a smooth, creamy mixture results,
continue the trituration, and gradually add of phosphoric acid an
amount sufficient to dissolve the cinchonidine; then mix this solution
with a sufficient amount of simple elixir to make the whole measure
sixteen fluidounces, and filter if necessary.
of phosphate of cinchonidine an amount which is equivalent to one
grain of cinchonidine.
94. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONIDINE, CINCHONINE,

AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF CINCHONIDIA, CINCHONIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of phosphates of cinchonidine
and cinchonine,....................16 fluidounces.
.....................................a sufficient quantity.

phosphoric acid to effect its solution, then add the elixir of phosphates
of cinchonidine and cinchonine, and filter if necessary.
of phosphates of cinchonidine, cinchonine, and strychnine an amount
which is equivalent to one-half grain of cinchonidine, one grain of
cinchonine, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
95. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONIDINE AND

STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF CINCHONIDIA AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of phosphate of cinchonidine,16 fluidounces.
.....................................a sufficient quantity.

phosphoric acid to effect its solution; then add the elixir of
cinchonidine, and filter if necessary.
of phosphates of cinchonidine and strychnine an amount which is
equivalent to one grain of cinchonidine and one-hundredth of a grain
of strychnine.
96. ELIXIR OF ACETATE OF CHINOIDINE.

(ELIXIR OF CHINOIDINE.)
Chinoidine,..................................... 256 grains.

Acetic acid, simple elixir, of each a sufficient quantity.
Powder the chinoidine and dissolve it in the distilled water by

the addition of a sufficient amount of acetic acid, then add of simple
elixir until sixteen fluidounces are produced, and filter.
two grains of chinoidine.
97. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CHINOIDINE.
Elixir of chinoidine,..................8 fluidounces.

Elixir of dandelion,................... 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together. This agrees, practically, with the formula

adopted by the joint committee of the National College of Pharmacy
and the Medical Society of the District of Columbia.
one grain of chinoidine and represents about four minims of fluid
extract of dandelion.
98. ELIXIR OF BISULPHATE OF QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF SULPHATE OF QUINIA.)
Sulphate of quinine,..................... 128 grains.

Dilute sulphuric acid,...............a sufficient quantity.
Mix the sulphate of quinine with four fluidounces of simple
elixir, and add enough dilute sulphuric acid to effect its solution. Then
add the remainder of the simple elixir, and filter if necessary.
one grain of sulphate of quinine.
The addition of the excess of sulphuric acid actually produces
bisulphate of quinine; hence the term elixir of bisulphate of quinine is
admissible, although sulphate of quinine is employed.
99. ELIXIR OF HYDROBROMATE OF QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF QUINIA.)
Hydrobromate of quinine,........... 128 grains.

Simple elixir, hydrobromic acid, of each a sufficient quantity.
Mix the hydrobromate of quinine with the simple elixir, and

cautiously add of hydrobromic acid an amount sufficient to effect its
solution. Filter, if necessary.
one grain of hydrobromate of quinine.
The term often used for this substance—”bromide of quinine”
—is incorrect, since alkaloids combine bodily with acids.
100. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF QUININE. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUINIA )
Quinine (alkaloid),........................ 128 grains.

1872),...............................of each a sufficient quantity.
Powder the quinine, and triturate it in a mortar with two

fluid-ounces of simple elixir. When a smooth, creamy mixture results,
continue the trituration, and gradually add of phosphoric acid an
amount sufficient to dissolve the quinine. Then mix this solution
with a sufficient amount of simple elixir to make the whole measure
sixteen fluidounces.
of phosphate of quinine an amount which is equivalent to one grain of
quinine.
101. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF QUININE.
Sulphate of quinine,....................... 16 grains.

Sulphate of cinchonidine,....... ......... 8 grains
Sulphate of cinchonine,.................... 8 grains
Aromatic elixir, .........................16 fluidounces.
Dissolve the alkaloidal salts in the aromatic elixir by agitating

them together, and then filter. Each fluidounce contains one grain of
sulphate of quinine and one-half grain each of the sulphates of
cinchonidine and cinchonine. The above formula conforms in
strength with that of the National Formulary.
102. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND CINCHONIDINE.
Elixir of phosphate of quinine and elixir of phos-

phate of cinchonidine,......... equal amounts by measure.
Mix them together.

of phosphate of quinine and of phosphate of cinchonidine an amount
which is equivalent to one-half grain each of quinine and of
cinchonidine.
103. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND CINCHONINE.

(ELIXIR OF QUINIA AND CINCHONIA.)
Elixir of phosphate of quinine and

elixir of phosphate of cinchonine,
.........of each equal amounts by measure.
Mix them together.

of phosphate of quinine an amount which is equivalent to one-half
grain of quinine, and of phosphate of cinchonine an amount which is
equivalent to one grain of cinchonine.
104. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF QUININE, CINCHONIDINE,
AND CINCHONINE.
Elixir of phosphate of quinine, elixir of phosphate

of cinchonidine, and elixir of phosphate of cinchonine,
.........of each equal amounts by measure.
Mix them together.

of phosphate of quinine an amount which is equivalent to one-third of
a grain of quinine, and of phosphate of cinchonidine an amount which
is equivalent to one-third of a grain of cinchonidine, and of phosphate
of cinchonine an amount which is equal to two-thirds of a grain of
cinchonine.
105. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE WITH CITRATE

OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON WITH QUINIA.
ELIXIR OF QUININE AND FERROUS PHOSPHATE.)
Elixir of protoxide of iron,.......8 fluidounces.

Elixir of phosphate of quinine,...8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

one-half grain of quinine, and as much citrate of protoxide of iron as
corresponds with one grain of sulphate of iron. This elixir is not very
stable.
106. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE WITH CITRATE

OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF QUINIA AND PROTOXIDE OF IRON AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF QUININE, FERROUS CITRATE, AND STRYCHNINE.)
Elixir of phosphate of quinine

with citrate of protoxide of iron,....16 fluidounces.
acid in amount sufficient to effect its solution, and mix this with the
elixir of phosphate of quinine and citrate of protoxide of iron.
one-half grain of quinine, as much citrate of protoxide of iron as
corresponds with one grain of sulphate of iron, and one-hundredth of
a grain of strychnine.
The term " protoxide of iron " is a misnomer. See our remark
concerning elixir of calisaya bark with protoxide of iron. This
preparation is unstable.
107. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.

(ELIXIR OF QUINIA AND STRYCHNIA.)

Strychnine,...................................... 1 grains.
Simple elixir, phosphoric acid (U. S..P.,
1872),.............................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the powdered strychnine in a mortar with two

fluidounces of simple elixir, and dissolve by addition of a sufficient
amount of phosphoric acid. Now add the quinine (previously
powdered), and then, continuing the trituration, gradually add of
phosphoric acid an amount sufficient to dissolve the quinine. Then
mix this solution with a sufficient amount of simple elixir to make the
whole measure sixteen fluidounces, and filter if necessary.
of phosphate of quinine and phosphate of strychnine an amount
which is equivalent to one grain of quinine and one-hundredth of a
grain of strychnine.
1O8. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF QUININE.
Valerianate of quinine,............ ..... 128 grains

Valerianic acid,.......................... a sufficient quantity.
Powder the valerianate of quinine in a mortar and gradually

add the simple elixir. Then cautiously drop into the mixture valerianic
acid sufficient to render the liquid transparent, stirring continually, and
This formula conforms to that by Prof. C. Lewis Diehl (1872),
read before the Louisville College of Pharmacy.
one grain of valerianate of quinine.
109. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF QUININE WITH STRYCHNINE.

(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF QUINIA AND STRYCHNIA )
Elixir of valerianate of quinine,.......14 fluidounces.

Distilled water,2 fluidounces.
Strychnine,.... ........................................1 grains.
Powder the strychnine in a mortar and add the water, and

then enough valerianic acid to effect the solution of the strychnine.
Lastly, add the simple elixir, and filter if necessary.
Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) will contain about one grain of
valerianate of quinine and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
In former editions of our publication the proportion was one-
fiftieth of a grain of strychnine to each fluidrachm. In this edition we
conform to the strength established by the National Formulary.
110. ELIXIR OF COCA

Triturate the fluid extract of coca with the purified talcum,

and gradually add the elixir, shaking well together and agitating
occasionally for twenty-four hours, then filter.
Each fluidrachm represents seven and one-half grains of coca.
111. ELIXIR OF CURAÇOA.
Syrup of Curaçoa,...................... .120 minims.

Orris root, powdered,...................... 30 grains.
Deodorized alcohol,..................4 fluidounces.
Purified talcum,............................ 120 Grains.
Water,...........................enough to make 16 fluidounces.
Mix the syrup of Curaçoa with the alcohol, add the orris and
purified talcum and three fluidounces of water. After twelve hours,
agitating occasionally, pour the mixture on a wetted filter, returning
the first portions of the filtrate until it runs clear, and follow the filtrate
with enough water to make eight fluidounces in all. In this dissolve
the citric acid, and finally add the syrup. This elixir is practically
identical with that of the National Formulary, the proportions of
ingredients being the same.
112. ELIXIR OF DANDELION.

(ELIXIR OF TARAXACUM.)
Fluid extract of dandelion,...... 2 fluidounces.

Carbonate of magnesium,......a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extract of dandelion in a capacious mortar

one-half minims of fluid extract of dandelion.
113. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF DANDELION.

(COMPOUND ELIXIR OF TARAXACUM. )
Fluid extract of dandelion,.....................1 fluidounce.

Fluid extract of wild-cherry bark,........ fluidounce.
Fluid extract of gentian,.......................... fluidounce.
Fluid extract of bitter orange peel,..... fluidounce.
Fluid extract of cinnamon,..................... fluidounce.
Fluid extract of licorice,........................... fluidounce.
Powdered anise,........................................20 grains.
Powdered caraway,...................................20 grains.
Powdered coriander,................................20 grains.
Simple elixir,.........................................14 fluidounces.
Carbonate of magnesium,..................a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the mixed fluid extracts and powdered drugs in a

capacious mortar with carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to
form a creamy mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring
well, and cover the mixture and permit it to macerate an hour, then
filter it. This elixir was devised by Prof. P. C. Candidus, of Mobile, and
the formula was presented at the meeting of the American
Pharmaceutical Association, 1869. Prof. Candidus stated that this elixir
completely masks the bitter taste of sulphate of quinine, and he
recommended it as a vehicle for administering that substance. Since
one of the ingredients is licorice (see elixir of glycyrrhizin), we may
suppose that glycyrrhizin aids in overcoming the bitterness, and our
remarks concerning quinine and glycyrrhizin should be applicable to
this elixir. The formula we present does not materially vary from that
offered by Prof. Candidus, excepting in the substitution of fluid extracts
for crude drugs.
114. ELIXIR OF DANDELION WITH QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF TARAXACUM AND QUINIA.)
Elixir of dandelion,8 fluidounces.

Elixir of phosphate of quinine,8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

three and one-fourth minims of fluid extract of taraxacum and one-
half grain of quinine.
In the year 1873 Mr. James W. Long furnished the American
Journal of Pharmacy with a process for making the foregoing
preparation.
115. DAFFY’S ELIXIR.
(DILLY’S DAFFY; ELIXIR OF HEALTH.—New Dispensatory, 1770 )
Senna,.......................................... ........4 ounces

Guaiac wood,......................................2 ounces
Elecampane root,...............................2 ounces
Anise seed,..........................................2 ounces
Caraway seed,.....................................2 ounces
Coriander seed,.......................... ........2 ounces
Licorice root,.......................................2 ounces
Raisins,........................................ ........8 ounces
Diluted alcohol,......................... ........... 6 pints
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and mix them with the
diluted alcohol. Then seed the raisins, chop them fine, add to the
mixture, and macerate fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly
each day; then filter (Supplement to London Pharmacopœia, 1821). A
number of compounds have been offered as “Daffy’s Elixir,” and from
among them we have selected the preceding.
116. ELIXIR OF DAMIANA.
Fluid extract of damiana,.........2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of damiana in a capacious mortar

Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents nine and
one-half minims of fluid extract of damiana.
117. ELIXIR DEWBERRY COMPOUND.
(ELIXIR RUBI TRIVIALIS COMPOSITUM. )
Dewberry root,............................4 troyounces.

Nutgalls,..........................................4 drachms.
Kino,.................................................4 drachms.
Cinnamon,......................................2 drachms.
Cloves,......................................... ..... 1 drachm.
Capsicum,.......................................... 10 grains.
Tincture opium,........................ 1 fluidounce.
Essence peppermint,.................1 fluidrachms.
Sugar,........................................... 14 troyounces.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and macerate in the

brandy for fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day,
then filter, and dissolve the sugar in the filtrate.
(New Remedies, 1880.)
118. ELIXIR OF EUCALYPTUS.
Fluid extract of eucalyptus,......2 fluidounces.

Alcohol,....................................... fluidounce.
Triturate the fluid extract of eucalyptus with carbonate of

magnesium in sufficient amount to form a creamy mixture, then
gradually add the simple elixir, and filter. Lastly, mix the alcohol with
the filtrate.
Each fluidrachm of the finished preparation will contain such
proportion of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of eucalyptus
as will dissolve in that amount of the menstruum. In our opinion, the
proper menstruum for extracting the medicinal principles of
eucalyptus is alcohol of specific gravity 0.820. The addition of water
detracts from its value as a dissolving medium, in proportion to the
amount of water present. Therefore elixir of eucalyptus does not
represent the fluid extract of eucalyptus employed in making it.
The proportions of eucalyptus upon which the foregoing
elixir was based will be found in the Druggists’ Circular, 1877.
119. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF EUCALYPTUS.
Fluid extract of eucalyptus,......2 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of licorice root,... fluidounce.
Fluid extract of wild cherry,.... fluidounce.
Mix the fluid extracts, and triturate them in a capacious

mortar with carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a
creamy mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well,
then filter.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents such an
amount of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of eucalyptus as
will dissolve in one fluidrachm of the finished menstruum, and about
two minims each of the fluid extracts of licorice root and wild cherry.
This preparation is intended as a pleasant mode of
administering eucalyptus; but the proportion of eucalyptus represented
is uncertain, owing to the fact that alcohol of specific gravity 0.820 is the
proper solvent for the medicinal principles of the leaves. The formula
we present is based upon ingredients suggested in the Druggists’
Circular, 1877.
120. ELIXIR DE GlARUS.
Myrrh,................................................ 90 grains.
Aloes,........................................... ...... 90 grains.
Cloves,......................................... .... 180 grains.
Nutmegs,......................................... 180 grains.
Saffron,........................................ .... 480 grains.
Cinnamon,...................................... 360 grains.
Alcohol,............................................... 12 pints.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, mix this with the

alcohol, and distill nine pints. Reserve this.
Maidenhair,................................4 troyounces.
Licorice root,............................... troyounce.
Figs,...............................................3 troyounces.
Infuse these in eight pints of boiling water, strain with
expression, and dissolve in the liquid twelve avoirdupois pounds of
sugar.
Equal parts, by weight, of this syrup and of the distilled spirit
produce " elixir de garus," according to the Supplement to the London
Pharmacopœia, 1821.
This cumbersome and unscientific mixture, a relic of ancient
polypharmacy, is happily nearly obsolete.
121. ELIXIR OF GENTIAN.
Fluid extract of gentian,........... 2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of gentian in a capacious mortar

one-half minims of fluid extract of gentian.
122. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF GENTIAN.
Compound fluid extract of gentian,......2 fluidounces.

Simple elixir,..........................................16 fluidounces
Carbonate of magnesium,....... .........a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the compound fluid extract of gentian with

carbonate of magnesium in sufficient amount to form a creamy
mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, and filter.
Each fluidrachm of this elixir represents the virtues of seven
and one-half minims of compound fluid extract of gentian.
The National Formulary prepares this substance from the
solid extract of gentian. The product is similar to that of our formula.
123. ELIXIR OF WILD GINGER.
Fluid extract of wild ginger,.... 1 fluidounce.

Fluid extract of pleurisy root,.. fluidounce.
Fluid extract of juniper berries, fluidounce.
Fluid extract of anise (or powdered
anise, 120 grains),.................. fluidounce.
Fluid extract of caraway (or pow-
dered caraway, 120 grains),. fluidounce.
Simple elixir...............................14 fluidounces.
Alcohol, ...................................... fluidounce.
Triturate the mixed fluid extracts in a capacious mortar, with

Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents about three
and one-half minims of fluid extract of wild ginger, and one and three-
fourths each of fluid extract of pleurisy root and juniper berries. This
compound was suggested in 1877, by Mr. T. F. Thorworth, in the
Druggists’ Circular.
124. ELIXIR OF GLYCYRRHIZIN.
Ammoniacal glycyrrhizin,...... .... 128 grains.

Dissolve the glycyrrhizin in the simple elixir, and filter if

necessary.
one grain of ammoniacal glycyrrhizin. This elixir is used to disguise
the bitterness of quinine; but it must be remembered that quinine will
not dissolve in it, and that quinine is precipitated by ammoniacal
glycyrrhizin from solutions which are not strongly acid. Hence the
reason for the tastelessness of quinine under these conditions is largely
due to its insoluble state. Such mixtures should be shaken before
taking each dose, and under no condition should the mixture be
filtered, as the quinine will then remain on the filter paper. The above
formula is that of Prof. Joseph P. Remington.
125. ELIXIR OF GLYCYRRHIZIN (AROMATIC)
Coriander seed,.......................... .... 108 grains.

Caraway seed,................................. 108 grains.
Cinnamon,......................................... 93 grains
Star anise,........................................... 62 grains
Tonka bean,................................ ....... 62 grains
Canella,............................................... 31 grains
Nutmeg,...................................... ....... 31 grains
Cloves,......................................... ....... 31 grains
Ammoniacal glycyrrhizin,...... ..... 620 grains
Oil of orange,..................................31 minims
Distilled water,...........................16 fluidounces
Simple syrup,............................. 48 fluidounces
Dissolve the oil of orange in the alcohol and add the distilled
water, and, having properly moistened the mixed and powdered drugs
with a portion of this menstruum, pack them in a suitable percolator
and exhaust with the remainder of it. Dissolve the ammoniacal
glycyrrhizin in a small amount of boiling water, and add the syrup, mix
this with the percolate previously obtained, and then add of distilled
water an amount sufficient to make the whole measure eighty
fluidounces. Filter if necessary.
This elixir was also devised by Prof. Joseph P. Remington, and
is used as a vehicle for the administration of quinine. The remarks we
have made concerning “elixir of ammoniacal glycyrrhizin” may be
applied with propriety to this preparation.
126. ELIXIR OF GRINDELIA ROBUSTA.

(ELIXIR OF GRINDELIA.)
Fluid extract of grindelia robusta, 1 fluidounce.

Triturate the fluid extract of grindelia in a capacious mortar

amount of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of grindelia
robusta as will dissolve in the menstruum. Grindelia robusta contains
a resin which is precipitated by water; hence we do not consider an
elixir of this plant to be desirable.
The National Formulary adopted the foregoing strength, and
we confirm that proportion. In former editions of our publication we
have used twice that amount of grindelia.
127. ELIXIR OF GUARANA.
Fluid extract of guarana,.......... 3 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of guarana in a capacious mortar

seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of guarana, and is
essentially the same as that recommended by the American
Pharmaceutical Association, 1875. In the same year Mr. George W.
Kennedy, through the American Journal of Pharmacy, gave a formula
for this elixir, each fluidrachm of which represented fifteen grains of
guarana.
The National Formulary authorizes the above proportion of
guarana. In former editions of this work two fluidounces of the fluid
extract were employed. Each fluidrachm represents about eleven
grains of guarana.
128. ELIXIR OF GUAIACUM.
Gum guaiacum (pulverized),. 2 troyounces.

Balsam of Peru,..........................2 fluidrachms.
Oil of sassafras,........................... 1 fluidrachm.
*Volatile oily spirit,.................. ............1 pint.
“Digest the gum guaiacum and balsam of Peru in the volatile
oily spirit for six days, in a closely stopped vial which is now and then
shaken; afterwards strain the tincture and add it to the essential oil of
sassafras.”
(Edinburgh Pharmacopœia, 1770.)
*Volatile oily spirit was made as follows: Take of—
Volatile sal-ammoniac,.............................. 8 ounces.
Essential oil of rosemary,......................... 1 ounces.
Oil of amber,................................... ............ 1 ounce.
Essence of lemon peel,...................... ............ ounce
French brandy,................................ ........1 gallons
Draw off by distillation, in the heat of a water bath, near one gallon
(Edinburgh Pharmacopœia, 1770.)
129. ELIXIR ACIDUM HALLERI.

(HALLER’S ACID ELIXIR.)
Sulphuric acid,............................1 troyounce.

Add the sulphuric acid to the alcohol, drop by drop, stirring

constantly. Preserve the finished elixir in glass-stoppered bottles. This
is the process of the German Pharmacopœia, 1872, and is essentially the
same as elixir acidum Dippelii, which contains one part of sulphuric
acid to two parts of alcohol.
130. HELMONT’S ELIXIR.
1 Any fixed alkaline salt,...........8 troyounces.

Socotrine aloes,...........................1 troyounce.
Saffron,........................................ .1 troyounce.
Myrrh,...........................................1 troyounce.
Sal-ammoniac,................................6 drachms
2 Mountain wine,................................. 2 pints.
Macerate without heat for a week or longer, then filter

through paper.
(London Pharmacopœia, 1770.)
l FIXED .ALKALINE SALT.—This was impure potassium carbonate. To give the
definition of the New Dispensatory, 1770: “The ashes of most vegetables, steeped or
boiled,in water, give out to it a saline substance, separable in a solid form by
evaporating the water. This kind of salt never preexists in the vegetables, but is
always generated during the burning. It is called fixt alkaline salt.”
2 .Mountain wine of that day was Vinum album, Lond. Pharm., or Vinum album
Hispanicum, Edinb. Pharm.
131. ELIXIR OF HELONIAS.
Compound fluid extract of helonias,

...........................................2 fluidounces.
Simple elixir,..............................14 fluidounce.
Triturate the compound fluid extract of helonias with

mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, and filter. Mix the
alcohol with the filtrate.
Each fluidrachm of the finished preparation will contain such
proportion of seven and one-half minims of compound fluid extract of
helonias as will dissolve in one fluidrachm of the menstruum.
132. HOFFMANN’S STOMACH ELIXIR.

(ELIXIR VISCERALE HOFFMANNI.)
Orange peel,...........................................6 parts.

Cassia bark,.............................................2 parts.
Carbonate of potassium,.......... ............ 1 part.
Sherry wine,............................... ..........50 parts
Macerate for eight days, express, and strain. To the colature

add of—
Extract of gentian,.................................. 1 part.
Extract of wormwood,.............. ............ 1 part.
Extract of buck-bean,................. ............ 1 part.
Extract of cascarilla,................... ............ 1 part.
After repose, filter.

It forms a clear liquid of a brown color, having a peculiar,
aromatic odor and a bitter taste. It should be preserved in a well-closed
vessel.
(German Pharmacopœia, 1872.)
133. ELIXIR OF HOPS.
Fluid extract of hops,................ 2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of hops in a capacious mortar with

amount of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of hops as will
dissolve in the menstruum. The remarks concerning compound elixir
of hops may be applied to this preparation.
134. ELIXIR OF HOPS AND CHIRETTA.
Fluid extract of hops,................ 1 fluidounce.

Fluid extract chiretta,................1 fluidounce.
Alcohol,....................................... fluidounce
Mix the fluid extracts, and triturate in a capacious mortar with

amount of three and one-half minims each of fluid extract of hops and
of chiretta as will dissolve in the menstruum used in its preparation.
Our remarks regarding compound elixir of hops may be applied with
equal pertinence to this.
135. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF HOPS.
Fluid extract of hops,................ 2 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of orange peel,.... fluidounces.
Alcohol,....................................... fluidounce
Mix the fluidextracts, and triturate them in a capacious mortar

amount of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of hops as will
dissolve in the menstruum.
The ingredients for the above mixture were named by the
Druggists’ Circular, 1876. We do not consider an aqueous menstruum
to be well adapted to the purpose of exhausting the medicinal
principles of hops, hence we think that this elixir is not a desirable
preparation.
136. HUFELAND’S ELIXIR.
Extract of blessed thistle,.......... troyounce.

Extract of bittersweet,................ troyounce.
Fennel water,..............................8 fluidounces.
Cherry-laurel water,..................1 fluidounce.
Mix the extracts in a mortar, and dissolve them by trituration

with the mixed fennel and cherry-laurel waters, and then filter.
137. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITES.

Hypophosphite of potassium, .... 128 grains.
Compound spirit of cardamom, fluidounce.
Aromatic elixir, enough to make 16 fluidounces.
The hypophosphites and the citric acid are to be dissolved in
the water; then the alcohol, compound spirit of cardamom, and
enough aromatic elixir to make sixteen fluidounces are to be added.
Filter if necessary. Each fluidrachm contains three grains of
hypophosphite of calcium and one grain each of the hypophosphites of
sodium and potassium. This formula is similar to that adopted by the
National Formulary.
138. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITES WITH IRON.
Hypophosphite of calcium,.......... 188 grains

Hypophosphite of sodium,..... ..... 128 grains
Hypophosphite of potassium, ....... 64 grains
Sulphate of iron, in crystals,... ....... 96 grains
Citric acid,........................................... 30 grains
Aromatic elixir, enough to make 16 fluidounces.
Dissolve the hypophosphites in three fluidounces of water

and add the syrup. Dissolve the sulphate of iron in the remainder of
the water, then mix the solutions. To this add six fluidounces of
aromatic elixir and allow the mixture to stand in a cool place for twelve
hours, then filter it. Finally, dissolve the citric acid in the filtrate and
pass enough aromatic elixir through the filter to make sixteen
fluidounces. Each fluidrachm contains about one-half grain of ferrous
hypophosphite, about one grain each of the hypophosphites of calcium
and sodium, and one-half grain of hypophosphite of potassium. This
formula is similar to that of the National Formulary and identical in
strength.
139. ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF IRON.

(ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF IRON.)
Ammonio-citrate of iron (soluble cit-

rate),.............................................. 256 grains.
Dissolve the ammonio-citrate of iron in twelve fluidounces of

simple elixir, and bring this to the measure of sixteen fluidounces by
the addition of a sufficient quantity of simple elixir.
two grains of ammonio-citrate of iron, the same as that adopted by the
140. ELIXIR OF IPECAC.
Powdered ipecac,........................ troyounce

Balsam of Tolu,.......................... troyounce
Benzoic acid,....................................2 drachms
Opium,..............................................2 drachms
Saffron,........................................ .....2 drachms
Camphor,.................................... ......2 scruples
Oil of anise,.................................1 fluidrachm
Alcohol,.................................................. 2 pints
Macerate the drugs in the alcohol for fourteen days, stirring

the mixture thoroughly each day, then filter, and dissolve the camphor
and oil of anise in the filtrate.
141. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF IRON.
Bromide of iron,............................ 256 grains.

Dissolve the bromide of iron in the simple elixir by triturating

them together in a mortar, and then filter. Should the bromide of iron
fail to completely dissolve (as is often the case), the product will be
accordingly deficient in strength.
two grains of bromide of iron.
142. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF IRON WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
Citrate of iron and quinine,.... .... 256 grains.

Citrate of iron and strychnine,....................... 128 grains.
Dissolve the citrates in the distilled water, using a moderate
heat if required; then add the simple elixir, and filter if necessary.
two grains of citrate of iron and quinine and one grain of citrate of iron
and strychnine. The above proportions were announced in N e w
R e m e d i e s , 1878.
143. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.

(ELIXIR OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON. ELIXIR OF FERROUS CITRATE.)
Crystallized sulphate of iron,...... 256 grains.

Citric acid, distilled water,
...................................of each a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the bicarbonate of sodium and the sulphate of iron

separately, each in sixteen fluidounces of cold, freshly distilled water,
and mix the solutions; pour the mixture into a bottle, which must be
filled to the stopper, using more distilled water if necessary, and permit
it to rest for twenty four hours. Decant the clear solution and refill the
bottle with freshly distilled water, shaking well, and permit it to stand
as before. After twenty-four hours decant the solution, pour the
residue upon a fine muslin strainer and squeeze the liquid from it.
Dissolve the precipitate by trituration in a mortar with citric acid in
sufficient amount, and then add enough simple elixir to make sixteen
fluidounces, and filter.
grains of crystallized sulphate of iron. The name “elixir of protoxide of
iron” is a misnomer. It is the elixir of a salt of protoxide of iron.
Among the first of the modern elixirs introduced to the
medical profession was one under the name “elixir of bark and
protoxide of iron.” This preparation is private property, and we are not
acquainted with the formula and process employed in making it. Since
its introduction this elixir has enjoyed a popularity which commands
for it a constant sale among physicians, and we caution physicians
against confusing it with the elixirs we give formulæ for, and which
are not elixirs of protoxide of iron, although in commerce they have
acquired that title.
144. ELIXIR OF CITRATE AND LACTATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF CITRO-LACTATE OF IRON.)
Lactate of iron,.................................. 96 grains.

Citrate of iron,.................................. 96 grains.
Essence of lemon,..........................96 minims
Essence of cloves,.............................. 1 minim
Mix the distilled water and syrup, and dissolve in it the lactate
of iron, then add and dissolve the citrate of iron; cool, and mix with
this solution the simple syrup and the alcohol, having previously
mixed the alcohol and essences together. Lastly, color the product with
caramel until it is about the color of brandy, and then filter it. Lactate
of iron is often only partially soluble in water, but the syrup aids its
solution. If it refuses to entirely dissolve, there will be a deficiency of
this substance.
The foregoing elixir acquired, we are told, considerable
reputation in France, where it was devised by “Robineaud of
Bordeaux,” and who finally published the formula. (See Proceedings of
the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1871, p. 321.)
145. ELIXIR OF CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH

AMMONIUM CITRATE AND GENTIAN.
(ELIXIR OF GENTIAN AND IRON. FERRATED ELIXIR OF GENTIAN.)
Fluid extract of gentian,....................... fluidounce

Solution of citrate of ammonium,.....1 fluidounce
Tincture of chloride of iron,................ fluidounce
Simple elixir, carbonate of magnesium,
distilled water,.....................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extract of gentian in a mortar with

carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a thick paste,
and then gradually add four fluidounces of distilled water and filter.
Mix the tincture of chloride of iron with the solution of citrate of
ammonium and add to the preceding filtrate, and then add of simple
elixir a sufficient amount to make the whole measure sixteen
fluidounces.
about two minims each of tincture of chloride of iron and fluid extract
of gentian. The citrate of ammonium is introduced to prevent
blackening of the elixir, as explained under elixir of calisaya and
chloride of iron with citrate of ammonium. ’
Elixir of gentian and chloride of iron was mentioned first in
the Druggists’ Circular, 1871, and afterward (1873) Prof. Joseph P.
Remington presented a process through the American Journal of
Pharmacy. The Newark Pharmaceutical Association (1871)
recommended an elixir of gentian and pyrophosphate of iron, and at a
still earlier date Mr. William B. Thompson had presented a process for
this elixir through the Druggists’ Circular.
146. ELIXIR OF CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH HYDROCHLORATE

OF QUININE AND ARSENIOUS ACID.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, QUINIA, AND ARSENIC.)
Hydrochlorate of quinine,............. 64 grains.

Solution of arsenious acid (U. S. P.,
1883),..........................................128 minims.
Tincture of chloride of iron,... 1 fluidounce.
Hydrochloric acid,..................... a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the hydrochlorate of quinine in a mortar with four

fluidounces of simple elixir, and add of hydrochloric acid an amount
sufficient to effect its solution; then add the remainder of the simple
elixir and the other ingredients. Filter if necessary. If hydrochlorate of
quinine cannot be obtained, use quinine alkaloid instead, and
hydrochloric acid enough to dissolve it.
about three and one-half minims of tincture of chloride of iron, one-
half grain of hydrochlorate of quinine, and one minim of officinal
solution of arsenic.
Our formula introduces the hydrochlorate of quinine,
chloride of iron, and solution of arsenious acid in hydrochloric acid.
Too great caution cannot be employed to prevent the precipitation of
arsenic, and by using hydrochloric acid this tendency to separation is
avoided.
147. ELIXIR OF PROTOCHLORIDE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF FERROUS CHLORIDE.)
Crystallized sulphate of iron,...... 256 grains.

Hydrochloric acid, simple elixir, dis-
tilled water,......................of each a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the sulphate of iron and bicarbonate of sodium

separately, each in sixteen fluidounces of distilled water, and mix the
solutions; pour the mixture into a bottle, which must be filled to the
stopper, using more distilled water if necessary, and permit it to rest
twenty-four hours; decant the clear solution and refill the bottle with
freshly distilled water, shaking well, and permit it to stand as before.
After twenty-four hours decant the solution; pour the residue upon a
fine muslin strainer and squeeze the liquid from it. Dissolve the
precipitate by trituration in a mortar with hydrochloric acid in
sufficient amount, and then add enough simple elixir to make sixteen
fluidounces, and filter it.
of chloride of protoxide of iron (ferrous chloride) an amount which is
equivalent to two grains of crystallized sulphate of iron.
This elixir may also be made by the action of hydrochloric acid
on metallic iron, using the same amount of acid, two hundred grains
of iron, two fluidounces of water, and a sufficient quantity of simple
elixir. Digest the iron, water, and acid together until the action ceases;
filter, and mix the filtrate with simple elixir in amount sufficient to
form sixteen fluidounces. This preparation is unstable.
148. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITE OF IRON.

Citrate of potassium,........................ 96 grains
Solution of chloride of iron (ferric chlo-
ride), simple elixir, distilled water,
.................................of each a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the hypophosphite of calcium in four fluidounces of

distilled water, and carefully add solution of chloride of iron until in
very slight excess. Collect the precipitate and wash it until nearly free
from chloride of calcium.
Dissolve the magma produced by the foregoing operation in
eight fluidounces of simple elixir, by the aid of the citrate of potassium,
and then add enough simple elixir to bring the whole to the measure
of sixteen fluidounces.
three-fourths of a grain of ferric hypophosphite. This improved
method for making solution of hypophosphite of iron was introduced
by Prof. C. Lewis Diehl in a paper read before the Kentucky
Pharmaceutical Association, 1882. The original was not in our
possession, and we received the abstract presented in the Proceedings of
the American Pharmaceutical Association just in time to insert this
one formula.
149. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF IRON WITH IODIDE OF QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF IRON AND QUINIA. )
Iodide of iron,................................... 16 grains.

Iodide of quinine,............................ 16 grains.
Triturate the iodides in a mortar with the simple elixir adding

a little hydriodic acid if necessary, and, when they are dissolved, filter if
desirable.
one-eighth grain each of iodide of iron and of iodide of quinine. This
formula was announced in the Druggists’ Circular, 1867.
150. ELIXIR OF LACTATE OF IRON.
Lactate of iron,................................ 128 grains.

Lactic acid, simple elixir,
...................................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the lactate of iron in a mortar with fourteen

fluidounces of simple elixir, and add of lactic acid a quantity sufficient
to render the liquid distinctly acid; then add enough simple elixir to
bring the whole to the measure of sixteen fluidounces, and filter.
one grain of lactate of iron.
The National Formulary recommends that one hundred and
twenty-eight grains of lactate of iron, in crusts, and three hundred and
eighty-four grains of citrate of potassium be dissolved in enough
aromatic elixir to make sixteen fluidounces. Each fluidrachm contains
one grain of lactate of iron. This formula is preferable to the foregoing.
151. ELIXIR OF LACTATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN.
Elixir of lactate of iron,8 fluidounces.

Elixir of pepsin,8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

two grains each of lactate of iron and saccharated pepsin.
152. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON.
Phosphate of iron, soluble (U. S. P.

1883),...............................................256 grains.
Simple elixir,...................................12 fluidounces.
Distilled water,.................................4 fluidounces.
Dissolve the phosphate of iron in the distilled water and add

the simple elixir.
two grains of phosphate of iron.
In former editions of this work each fluidrachm represented
one grain of phosphate of iron. The National Formulary has
established two grains as the preferable amount, and in this edition we
have accepted that quantity.
153. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON AND QUINIA.)
Elixir of phosphate of iron,..............................8 fluidounces.

Elixir of phosphate of quinine,.......................8 fluidounces
Mix them together.
one-half grain each of phosphate of iron and phosphate of quinine.
154. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PHOSPHATE OF

QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON, QUINIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of phosphate of iron and quinine,....16 fluidounces.

Strychnine,..................................................................1 grains.
Acetic acid,...........................................a sufficient quantity.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and then add the elixir. Filter if
necessary.
one-half grain each of phosphates of iron and quinine, and one-
hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
In 1878 Mr. J. Creuse contributed an article to the Druggists’
Circular regarding a preparation sold under the name of the foregoing
elixir, which proved to be an elixir of pyrophosphate of iron. It is also
true that other preparations containing pyrophosphate of iron are
sometimes dispensed where phosphate is specified, and physicians
should be careful and use the abbreviation phos. only when the
phosphate is desired.
ELIXIRS WITH PYROPHOSPHATE
OF IRON.
Pyrophosphate of iron furnishes a line of combinations which
are extensively used. It is not unpleasant to the taste, and is quite
permanent, especially if in neutral or slightly alkaline solution.
However, an excess of mineral acids or certain mineral salts
decomposes it, and the excess even of acetic acid causes its solution to
gelatinize after a time. This difficulty can be overcome by adding to the
gelatinized elixir enough ammonia water to restore the alkaline
reaction.
Pyrophosphate of iron is incompatible with solutions of
alkaloidal salts, unless the resultant liquid is neutral or can dissolve
the alkaloid and have an alkaline reaction. If this fact is remembered
the pharmacist may save some expense and inconvenience. If, for
example, the elixir of pyrophosphate of iron and quinine has
gelatinized from escape of ammonia, the cautious addition of
ammonia water will restore it to the original condition. If, upon the
other hand, the elixir has been made of alkaline reaction and the
alkaloid has separated, the cautious addition of acetic acid will restore
the transparency.
Solutions of pyrophosphate of iron cannot be exposed to
sunlight without decomposition, and the same, to an extent, is true
even of daylight, without the direct rays of the sun. Those who have
reason to associate pyrophosphate of iron, pepsin, and salts of the
alkaloids will find that considerable skill is necessary to make
presentable and reputable preparations, and often some of these
combinations are very trying to the patience of the operator. The
reader is referred to remarks under the head of pepsin and elixirs of
calisaya bark and the alkaloids.
155. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.

Simple elixir,...............................a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the pyrophosphate of iron in the distilled water by

the aid of a heat not exceeding 180° F., and add to the solution enough
simple elixir to bring the whole to the measure of sixteen fluidounces,
and filter if necessary. If it has an acid reaction, neutralize, or even
render it slightly alkaline, by means of ammonia water.
two grains of pyrophosphate of iron. This process is essentially that
adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association (1875). The
formula for elixir of pyrophosphate of iron, adopted by the joint
committee of the Medical and Pharmaceutical Associations of the
District of Columbia (1867), contained three hundred and twenty grains
of pyrophosphate of iron in twelve fluidounces of the finished elixir.
156. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH BISMUTH AND PEPSIN.

(ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH WITH PEPSIN AND IRON.
ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, BISMUTH, AND IRON. )

bismuth with pepsin,........... 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

one grain of pyrophosphate of iron and only one half grain each of
pepsin and of ammonio-citrate of bismuth. The solution has an
alkaline reaction, and the pepsin, under these conditions, is of
uncertain quality.
157. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH CINCHONIDINE.

(ELIXIR OF IRON AND CINCHONIDIA.)
Elixir of cinchonidine,..............8 fluidounces.

Mix them together, and then gradually add of ammonia water

or acetic acid an amount sufficient to render the liquid of neutral
reaction and transparent, then filter it if necessary.
one grain of pyrophosphate of iron and one-half grain of cinchonidine.
The remarks concerning elixir of pyrophosphate of iron with
strychnine are adapted to this preparation.
158. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH
CINCHONIDINE AND STRYCHNINE
(ELIXIR OF IRON, CINCHONIDIA, AND STRYCHNIA. )
Elixir of pyrophosphate of iron
with cinchonidine,................16 fluidounces.
Powder the strychnine and gradually add acetic acid until it is

dissolved, then mix with this solution the elixir of pyrophosphate of
iron with cinchonidine. Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished
elixir contains one grain of pyrophosphate of iron, acetate of
cinchonidine equivalent to one-half grain of cinchonidine, and one-
hundredth of a grain of acetate of strychnine.
The National Formulary prepares this elixir with phosphate
of iron, citrate of potassium, sulphate of cinchonidine, and sulphate of
strychnine. The finished product resembles that of our formula, the
amount of iron, however, being twice as great.
159. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE,

CINCHONIDINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, QUINIA, CINCHONIDIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of pyrophosphate of iron with

quinine,.................................... 8 fluidounces
cinchonidine,.......................... 8 fluidounces
Strychnine,........................................ 1 grains
Mix the elixirs, and add the strychnine previously dissolved

by trituration with a sufficient amount of acetic acid. Each fluidrachm
(teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains one-fourth grain of
cinchonidine and one-half grain of quinine as the acetates of these
alkaloids, one grain of pyrophosphate of iron, and one-hundredth of a
grain of strychnine.
160. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH
CINCHONINE .
(ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND CINCHONIA )

Elixir of cinchonine,................. 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together, and then gradually add of ammonia water

or acetic acid an amount sufficient to render the liquid of neutral
reaction and transparent.
one grain each of pyrophosphate of iron and cinchonine. Our remarks
concerning elixir of pyrophosphate of iron and strychnine may be
applied with equal pertinence to this preparation.
161. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF IRON AND QUINIA. )

Pyrophosphate of iron,.................. 256 grains
Simple elixir, distilled water, diluted
acetic acid,...................of each a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the quinine in a mortar, gradually adding the acetic

acid until in sufficient amount to effect its solution. Dissolve the
pyrophosphate of iron in two fluidounces of warm water, and add
enough simple elixir to make ten fluidounces. To this add the solution
of acetate of quinine, and then simple elixir until in amount sufficient
to make the whole measure sixteen fluidounces.
Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of this preparation contains
two grains of pyrophosphate of iron and the salt formed from one
grain of quinine. The Newark Pharmaceutical Association (1871)
adopted a formula which resembled the above, but which contained
only one hundred and sixty grains of pyrophosphate of iron to the pint.
As two hundred and fifty-six grains is the accepted amount of the
American Pharmaceutical Association, we employ that proportion.
162. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE
AND CINCHONIDINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, QUINIA, AND CINCHONIDIA.)

quinine,8 fluidounces.
cinchonidine,8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

two grains of pyrophosphate of iron and the equivalent of one-half
grain of quinine and one-fourth grain of cinchonidine as the acetates of
these alkaloids.

AND CINCHONINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, QUINIA, AND CINCHONIA.)

quinine,................................... 8 fluidounces.
cinchonine,.............................8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of this elixir contains two
grains of pyrophosphate of iron and the equivalent of one-half grain of
quinine and one-fourth grain of cinchonine as the acetates of these
alkaloids.
164. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE,

CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, QUINIA, CINCHONIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)

with quinine and cinchonine,...16 fluidounces.
Acetic acid,................................a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with enough acetic acid to
effect its solution, then mix this with the elixir.
two grains of pyrophosphate of iron, and the equivalent of one-half
grain of quinine and one-fourth grain of cinchonine as the acetates of
these alkaloids, and one-hundredth of a grain of acetate of strychnine.

AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, QUINIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
with quinine,..........................16 fluidounces..
Acetic acid,..................................a sufficient quantity.
Powder the strychnine and triturate it with sufficient acetic

acid to effect its solution. Mix this with the elixir of pyrophosphate of
iron with quinine.
one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine, one grain of quinine, and two
grains of pyrophosphate of iron. It agrees in proportions with the
formula adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1875.
The National Formulary uses phosphate of iron, citrate of
potassium, hydrochlorate of quinine, and sulphate of strychnine. The
finished product, however, is similar to that made by our process, the
difference being that each fluidrachm contains two grains of phosphate
of iron instead of one grain of pyrophosphate.
The aforenamed work also prepares an elixir under the name
elixir of iron, quinine, and strychnine, in which two fluidounces of
tincture of citro-chloride of iron, one hundred and twenty-eight grains
of sulphate of quinine, one and one-quarter grains of sulphate of
strychnine, one-half fluidounce of alcohol, and enough aromatic elixir
to make sixteen fluidounces are employed. The alkaloidal salts are
dissolved in twelve fluidounces of aromatic elixir, then the tincture
and the alcohol are added, and finally enough aromatic elixir to make
sixteen fluidounces. Each fluidrachm represents about one grain of
ferric chloride, one grain of sulphate of quinine, and one-hundredth of
a grain of sulphate of strychnine.
166. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH VALERIANATE
OF QUININE AND ACETATE OF STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF QUINIA WITH IRON AND STRYCHNIA.)
Valerianate of quinine,............ .... 128 grains.

Strychnine,......................................1 grains.
Acetic acid,....................................a sufficient quantity.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, then add the valerianate of
quinine and four fluidounces of simple elixir, and triturate until the
valerianate is dissolved. Should the valerianate of quinine fail to
dissolve after a moderate time, add a little acetic acid. Lastly, dissolve
the pyrophosphate in the remainder of the simple elixir and mix the
solutions.
one grain each of the valerianate of quinine and pyrophosphate of
iron, and one-fiftieth grain of strychnine.
This formula corresponds, regarding proportions, with one
offered by the Druggists’ Circular, 1871, excepting that ours contains
half the amount of pyrophosphate of iron.
167. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN

(ELIXIR OF IRON AND PEPSIN. FERRATED ELIXIR OF PEPSIN.)
Elixir of pyrophosphate of iron,...8 fluidounces.

Elixir of pepsin,................................8 fluidounces.
Mix them together, and, if not neutral or of slightly alkaline

reaction, cautiously add ammonia water until it will change blue
litmus paper to red.
one grain each of pyrophosphate of iron and such a modification of
pepsin as can exist under the conditions necessary to form the elixir.
168. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN,
BISMUTH, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, PEPSIN, BISMUTH, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, BISMUTH, STRYCHNIA, AND IRON. )

Elixir of ammonio-citrate of bis-
muth and pepsin,..........................8 fluidounces.
Strychnine,14 grains.
Acetic acid,....................................a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid sufficient

to dissolve it, and then add the elixirs, having previously mixed them
together.
(subject to remarks which follow) one grain of pyrophosphate of iron,
one-half grain each of ammonio-citrate of bismuth and of pepsin, and
one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
This mixture, like many others we have been led to consider
in this work, reminds us of the polypharmacy of olden times, excepting
that the constituents are new. In considering it we must accept that the
pepsin has no value as a therapeutical agent, unless its action is simply
suspended by the alkaline nature of the elixir.
169. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN

AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON, PEPSIN, AND STRYCHNIA.
ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.)

with pepsin,............................16 fluidounces.
Acetic acid,.................................a sufficient quantity.

sufficient amount to effect its solution, and then add the elixir of
pyrophosphate of iron with pepsin.
one grain each of pyrophosphate of iron and of pepsin, and about one-
hundredth of a grain of strychnine as the acetate of that alkaloid.
170. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND
STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF IRON AND STRYCHNIA.)
Powder the strychnine and gradually add acetic acid and

triturate until a clear solution results. Mix this with the elixir of
pyrophosphate of iron, and, if not of neutral reaction, add acetic acid or
ammonia water to neutralization
one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine in the form of acetate of
strychnine, which is the proportion adopted by the American
Our experience is decidedly in favor of acetic acid for making
the salts of all alkaloids which are to be associated with pyrophosphate
or citrate of iron. These preparations of iron are incompatible with
most acids, and require to be neutral or alkaline if held in solution,
while, upon the contrary, most alkaloids demand an excess of an acid.
Acetic acid may be added until the solution of the iron salt is even
slightly acid, as shown by its action on blue litmus paper, and such a
solution will generally remain clear, although it may gelatinize. Every
aqueous or slightly alcoholic liquid containing strychnine in solution
should have, if possible, an acid reaction, else the alkaloid may
gradually separate, and danger of poisoning follow the administration
of this sediment. Hence our directions to add enough acetic acid to
overcome all alkaline reaction.
171 ELIXIR OF JUNIPER BERRIES.
Fluid extract of juniper berries,...2 fluidounces.

Holland gin,...................................2 fluidounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of juniper berries in a capacious

creamy mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well, and
filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the Holland gin.
one-half minims of fluid extract of juniper berries. A formula for elixir
of juniper berries was suggested in the Druggists’ Circular, 1878, which
contained the ingredients upon which we have based our process.
172. ELIXIR OF JABORANDI.
Fluid extract of jaborandi,........1 fluidounce.

Carbonate of magnesium, ...... a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extract of jaborandi in a capacious mortar

medicinal principles of three and three-fourth minims of fluid extract
of jaborandi.
In former editions of our publication two fluidounces of fluid
extract of jaborandi were used in making sixteen fluidounces of the
elixir. The National Formulary recognizes one fluidounce, and we
change our proportions to conform therewith.
173. KLEIN’S STOMACHIC ELIXIR.

(ELIXIR VISCERALE KLEINII.)
Extract of carduus benedictus,...1 troyounce.

Extract of erythræa centaurium,1 troyounce.
Extract of gentian,.......................1 troyounce.
Tincture of bitter orange peel,...20 fluidounces.
Malaga wine,.............................. 32 fluidounces.
Place the extracts in a mortar and bring them to a creamy

consistence by trituration, with successive additions of small amounts
of wine; then stir in the remainder of the wine and add the tincture of
orange peel, and filter.
(From the Non-Officinal Formulary of the Dutch Society for the Advancement of Pharmacy.)
ELIXIR LACTOPEPTIN.
Lactopeptin is private property. Under this name a

preparation has been introduced and extensively advertised, and
through courtesy to the rightful owners, who also make an “Elixir of
Lactopeptin,” we refrain from interfering.
174. ELIXIR OF LACTUCARIUM.
Lactucarium,................................... 256 grains.

Triturate the lactucarium with the simple elixir, allow the

mixture to remain in a covered vessel for twenty-four hours, shaking
occasionally, then filter it.
the properties of two grains of lactucarium.
175. LAXATIVE ELIXIR.
Fluid extract of rhubarb,........... fluidounce.

Fluid extract of senna,.............. fluidounce.
Fluid extract of taraxacum,...... fluidounce.
Fluid extract of buckthorn bark, fluidounce.
Fluid extract of ginger,.............. fluidounce.
Rochelle salt,.............................. .1 troyounce.
Carbonate of magnesium,....... `a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extracts (having previously mixed them

together) in a capacious mortar with carbonate of magnesium in
amount sufficient to form a creamy mixture; then gradually add the
simple elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, dissolve in the filtrate the
Rochelle salt.
This elixir is about like that of Mr. R. W. Gardner, as
published in the Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical
Association, 1880, excepting that we have omitted phosphate and
bicarbonate of sodium.
176. LEROY’S PURGATIVE ELIXIR.
Scammony,..................................... 120 grains.

Turpeth root,.................................... 60 grains.
Jalap,............................................. .... 480 grains.
Macerate the drugs (coarsely powdered) in the alcohol for

twelve hours and in a warm location, and filter. Mix the filtrate with a
syrup made as follows:
Senna, bruised,............................... 480 grains.

Boiling water,.............................4 fluidounces.
Infuse the senna in the boiling water, strain, and dissolve the
sugar in the liquid. This formula was published in the Druggists’
Circular, 1875.
The above elixir must not be confounded with “Leroy’s
vomito purgative elixir.”
177. LEROY’S VOMITO-PURGATIVE ELIXIR.
Fluid extract of senna,.............. 1 fluidounces.

Tartar emetic,............................. ...... 20 grains.
White wine,................................16 fluidounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of senna in a capacious mortar with

mixture, then gradually add the wine, stirring well, and filter. Lastly,
dissolve the tartar emetic in the filtrate. The original formula used
senna leaves instead of the fluid extract of senna.
178. LETTSOM’S ELIXIR.
Opium,.............................................6 drachms.
Castile soap,................................ ....6 drachms.
Nutmeg,...................................... ..... 1 drachm.
Camphor,.................................... ....4 drachms.
Saffron,........................................ ....... 40 grains
Spirit of ammonia,....................9 fluidounces.
Mix and reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and macerate
this in the spirit of ammonia for ten days, stirring the mixture
thoroughly each day, then filter.—Augustin.
179. BITTER ELIXIR OF LIFE.*
Aloes,........................................... .1 troyounce.
Cinnamon,..................................10 troyounces.
Calamus,......................................2 troyounces.
Angelica root,.............................5 troyounces.
Saffron,........................................ 6 troyounces.
Caramel,...................................... 10 troyounces.
Glycerin,...................................... 215 troyounces.
Mix and reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and macerate

this in the mixed alcohol and water for fourteen days, stirring the
mixture thoroughly each day, then filter, and to the filtrate add the
glycerin and caramel.
(HAGER—New Remedies, 1878.)
*The German Pharmacopœia, 1872, substituted compound tincture of aloes for this elixir.
180. ELIXIR OF LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.

(ELIXIR OF LACTOPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM. )
Precipitated phosphate of calcium,......128 grains.

Simple elixir, lactic acid, hydrochlo-
ric acid, ammonia water, distilled
water,........................................of each a sufficient quantity.
Mix the precipitated phosphate of calcium with sixteen

fluidounces of cold distilled water, and add enough hydrochloric acid
to dissolve it. Filter this solution and mix with its bulk of cold water,
and then add ammonia water until in slight excess. Transfer the
mixture to a fine muslin strainer, and when the liquid has drained
return the magma to the vessel, mix it with the amount of water before
employed, and again transfer it to the strainer. As soon as the magma
is again drained, transfer it to a mortar and dissolve it by the addition
of a sufficient amount of lactic acid. Filter this, and add enough simple
elixir to produce sixteen fluidounces.
one grain of lactophosphate of calcium.
181. ELIXIR OF LICORICE.

Triturate the fluid extract of licorice in a capacious mortar

one-half minims of fluid extract of licorice. This preparation is used
mainly to disguise the taste of quinine. Elixir of glycyrrhizin is an
admirable substitute. The remarks concerning that elixir apply with
equal pertinence to elixir of licorice.
The National Formulary authorizes the use of purified extract
of licorice in making this elixir. The result is similar to that of our
formula.
182. ELIXIR OF LICORICE (AROMATIC).

Fluid extract of sweet orange,. fluidounce.
Fluid extract of coriander,........ fluidounce.
Fluid extract of angelica seed,. fluidounce.
Fluid extract of cinnamon,...... fluidounce.
Fluid extract of cloves,.............. fluidounce.
Triturate the fluid extracts—having previously mixed them

together—in a capacious mortar with carbonate of magnesium in
amount sufficient to form a creamy mixture, then gradually add the
simple elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the
alcohol.
one-half minims of fluid extract of licorice, together with aromatics.
This elixir is used to disguise the taste of quinine, which it
accomplishes mainly by rendering it insoluble; hence we refer the
reader to our remarks concerning elixir of glycyrrhizin, which may
with equal pertinence be applied to this preparation.
Aromatic elixir of licorice was introduced through the
Druggists’ Circular in 1879, although similar preparations had been
employed previously, and the elixir of licorice of Mr. G. G. C. Sims (see
Druggists’ Circular, 1874) was nearly identical with the above.
The National Formulary recommends fluid extract of licorice
and oils of the aromatic drugs in making this elixir. The result is
similar to that of our formula.
183. ELIXIR E SUCCO LIQUIRITÆ.

(PECTORALE ELIXIR.)
Purified licorice,.........................2 parts, by weight.

Fennel water,..............................6 parts, by weight.
Make a solution, and add of—
*Anisated spirit of ammonia,.2 parts, by weight.
*ANISATED SPIRIT OF AMMONIA.—Dissolve one part of oil of anise in twenty four
parts of alcohol, and add five parts of ammonia water.
All the proportions are by weight.
It forms a cloudy, brown liquid, which must be shaken up
before dispensing. It should be preserved in well-closed vessels.
(German Pharmacopœia, 1870.)
This preparation is also called elixir pectorale Regis Danitae,
or pectoral elixir of the King of Denmark.
184. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF LITHIUM.
Bromide of lithium,................. .... 640 grains.

Citric acid,........................................... 30 grains
Simple elixir,..................enough to make 16 fluidounces.
Dissolve the bromide of lithium and the citric acid in the

simple elixir, and filter.
Each fluidrachm contains five grains of bromide of lithium.
185. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF LITHIUM
Citrate of lithium,..................... .... 640 grains.

Dissolve the citrate of lithium in the simple elixir, and filter if

necessary.
five grains of citrate of lithium. This proportion was adopted by the
joint committee of the National College of Pharmacy and the Medical
Society of the District of Columbia.
In former editions of our formula we used two hundred and
fifty-six grains of citrate of lithium, but the National Formulary
established the proportions of six hundred and forty grains, which we
adopt.
186. ELIXIR OF SALICYLATE OF LITHIUM
Salicylate of lithium,................ ... 640 grains.

Simple elixir,.................enough to make 16 fluidounces.
Dissolve the salicylate of lithium in the simple elixir, and filter.

Each fluidrachm contains five grains of salicylate of lithium.
187. ELIXIR OF LUPULIN.
Fluid extract of lupulin,...........2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of lupulin in a capacious mortar

mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well; permit the
mixture to macerate in a closed vessel for twelve hours, and filter.
amount of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of lupulin as
will dissolve in the menstruum.
Elixir of lupulin was introduced by Prof. C. Lewis Diehl in
1872.
188. ELIXIR OF MALT.
Fluid extract of malt,.................8 fluidounces.

Mix them together.

Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of this elixir represents thirty
minims of fluid extract of malt.
If a teaspoonful of elixir of malt is mixed with a tablespoonful
of starch paste made by boiling one part of starch with sixteen parts of
water, the mixture will immediately become fluid at a temperature of
150° Fahr. In from ten to fifteen minutes the mixture will fail to
produce a blue color when dropped into dilute solution of iodine
(volumetric solution of iodine, U. S. P.).
189. ELIXIR OF MALT AND IRON.
Elixir of malt,..............................8 fluidounces

Elixir of phosphate of iron,..... 8 fluidounces
Mix them together and filter if necessary.

Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) contains fifteen minims of
fluid extract of malt and one half grain of phosphate of iron.
New Remedies for August, 1883, contains a formula for this
preparation which is essentially the same as that we give. We modify
it somewhat, in order that it shall conform to the other preparations of
our work of a like nature.
The National Formulary makes this preparation of extract of
malt and phosphate of iron, the proportions being one grain of
phosphate of iron and fifteen minims of extract of malt to each
fluidrachm.
190. ELIXIR OF MALT AND PEPSIN.
Elixir of malt,..............................8 fluidounces.

Mix them together. Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the

finished elixir contains one grain of saccharated pepsin and fifteen
minims of fluid extract of malt.
191. ELIXIR OF MALTO-PEPSIN.
Malto-pepsin is private property. Under this name a

preparation has been introduced and extensively advertised, and
through courtesy to the rightful owners, who also make an “Elixir of
Malto-Pepsin,” we refrain from interfering.
192. ELIXIR OF MATICO.
Fluid extract of matico,.............2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of matico in a capacious mortar with

Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents such part of
seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of matico as will dissolve in
the menstruum employed in its preparation. We consider alcohol of
specific gravity 0.820 to be the proper menstruum for exhausting the
medicinal principles from matico, and the addition of water decreases
its solvent power in proportion to the amount of water added. In
consequence of this fact we object to an elixir of matico.
193. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MATICO.
Fluid extract of matico,.............3 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of buchu,..............1 fluidounce.
Fluid extract of cubebs,............. 1 fluidounce.
Mix the fluid extracts, and evaporate the mixture, at a

temperature of about 150° F., to one-half its bulk. Triturate this with a
sufficient amount of carbonate of magnesium to form a creamy
mixture, then gradually stir in the simple elixir, and filter. The fluid
extracts for the foregoing preparation should be made with alcohol of
specific gravity 0. 820. The proportions and ingredients of this elixir,
and upon which we have based our formula, were given in the
Druggists’ Circular, 1880.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir will contain such an
amount of the properties of about eleven minims of fluid extract of
matico and three and one-half minims each of buchu and cubebs as
will dissolve in the menstruum. Since, in our opinion, strong alcohol
only will perfectly extract the medicinal principles of these drugs, the
actual value of this elixir is very much less than that of an equivalent
amount of the original fluid extracts, and its use by the physician must
be unsatisfactory.
194. ELIXIR OF MAY-APPLE

(ELIXIR OF PODOPHYLLUM. ELIXIR OF MANDRAKE.)
Fluid extract of May-apple,......2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of May-apple in a capacious mortar

amount of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of May-apple as
the menstruum can dissolve. Since resin of podophyllum is almost
insoluble in water, we do not admire the above preparation.
195. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MAY-APPLE

(COMPOUND ELIXIR OF PODOPHYLLUM. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MANDRAKE.)
Fluid extract of May-apple,......1 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of senna,.............. 1 fluidounce.
Oil of anise,....................................10 minims.
Mix the fluid extracts and triturate this in a capacious mortar
mixture--having previously triturated the oil of anise with the
magnesium carbonate—then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring
well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents (subject to
conditions noted under elixir of May-apple) about five minims of fluid
extract of May-apple and three minims of fluid extract of senna. A
formula for this preparation was proposed by the Druggists’ Circular,
1872, containing in substance the foregoing ingredients. The remarks
we make regarding elixir of May-apple apply to this compound also,
although we have the advantage of the senna in this instance, which
yields its medicinal principles to the menstruum composing the elixir.
196. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MYRRH.

(ELIXIR MYRRHÆ COMPOSITUM.)
Extract of savin,...........................1 troyounce.

Tincture of castor,..................................1 pint.
Tincture of myrrh,.................... ........... pint.
Digest them together and strain. “This preparation is

improved from one described in some former dispensatories under the
name of Elixir Uterinum."
(New Dispensatory, London, 1770.)
197. ELIXIR OF NUX VOMICA.
Tincture of nux vomica,.......... .256 minims.

Acetic acid,.................................. ...60 minims.
Powdered wood charcoal,........a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the tincture of nux vomica in a capacious mortar

with powdered wood charcoal in amount sufficient to form a pasty
mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir—which has previously
been mixed with the acetic acid—stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix
the filtrate with the alcohol.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents two minims
of tincture of nux vomica.
The foregoing is a modification of a formula suggested by Mr.
E. J. Davidson in the American Journal of Pharmacy, 1878. We use
acetic acid to hold the alkaloids in solution should the charcoal be
alkaline, and use charcoal since the menstruum is incompatible with
both magnesium carbonate and magnesium phosphate.
198. McMUNN’S ELIXIR OF OPIUM.
This preparation has for several years enjoyed quite a

reputation, and is still a favorite with many physicians. The original
“McMunn’s elixir,” a proprietary preparation, was a denarcotized
solution of opium. In connection with the history of this elixir, we
find that Mr. Augustine Duhamel contributed to the American Journal
of Pharmacy, 1846, as follows:
“A preparation much in vogue at the present time, and
known as McMunn’s elixir of opium, is supposed to be a solution of
meconate of morphine, obtained from a cold infusion of opium, to
which wine has been added in sufficient quantity to insure its
preservation."
In 1851 Mr. Eugene Dupuy, of New York, in a communication
to the same journal, proposed as a substitute for McMunn’s elixir an
aqueous solution of opium preserved with alcohol. Afterward (1864)
the Medical and Surgical Recorder, of Philadelphia, published what we
have every reason to suppose is the authentic formula. This was
found among the effects of the late Dr. J. R. Chilton, who stated that he
obtained it from Dr. John B. McMunn, the originator of the elixir. The
process may be summarized as follows:
Exhaust gum opium with successive macerations in sulphuric
ether. After the final decantation of the ether, boil the opium in water
until all odor of sulphuric ether has disappeared, and then strain the
solution, permit it to settle, decant the clear liquid, and add rather more
than its bulk of alcohol.
It will be observed that the foregoing process produces simply
a solution of opium from which the narcotine and opium odor have
been removed by means of previous maceration with sulphuric ether,
and the officinal (18883) deodorized tincture of opium may be
considered a substitute.
199. ELIXIR OF ORANGE.
*Oil of orange, fresh and pure,....................... 30 minims.

Carbonate of magnesium,....... troyounce.
*Pure oil of orange must be used in this preparation. Much of the commercial oil
produces an elixir which has the odor and taste of turpentine, and sometimes only of
turpentine. We will suggest that pure oil of orange can only be obtained by paying the
price at which it can be sold, but it does not follow that all of the high-priced oil is
pure.
Triturate the oil of orange in a capacious mortar with the

carbonate of magnesium, then gradually add the simple syrup, stirring
well, having previously mixed it with the water and one-half the
alcohol, and filter it. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the remainder of the
alcohol. This has an excellent flavor, and can be used instead of simple
elixir, if preferred. Our simple elixir contains more oil than the
foregoing, but it is more troublesome to make.
200. ELIXIR OF PANCREAS.
Take six pancreases and chop them into pieces, and macerate
three days in a mixture of—
Water,.......................................... ........ 12 pints.

Glycerin,...................................... .......2 pints.
Hydrochloric acid,..................... 4 fluidounces.
Then strain and add two and one-half fluidrachms of oil of

orange, glycerin in amount sufficient to produce twenty pints, and then
filter.
This formula was announced in 1873, through the American
Journal of Pharmacy, by Dr. R. V. Mattison, who states that one
fluidrachm of the elixir will emulsify one-half of a fluidounce of cod-
liver oil.
201. ELIXIR OF PAREIRA BRAVA.
Fluid extract of pareira brava,.2 fluidounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of pareira brava in a capacious
filter.
one-half minims of fluid extract of pareira brava.
202. ELIXIR OF PAREIRA BRAVA AND BUCHU.
Elixir of buchu,...........................8 fluidounces.

Elixir of pareira brava,..............8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.

such an amount of four minims each of fluid extract of buchu and
fluid extract of pareira brava as will dissolve in the menstruum.
203. ELIXIR PAREGORICUM.

(CAMPHORATED TINCTURE. OF OPIUM.)
The formula of the London Pharmacopœia, 1770, was taken

from Le Mort, excepting honey, licorice, and potassium carbonate. It is
stated in the New Dispensatory, published in London, 1770, that this
preparation was originally known as “Elixir Asthmaticum.”
204. PECTORAL ELIXIR OF THE EDINBURGH Pharmacopœia, 1770.
Balsam Tolu,.............................. 2 troyounces.

Balsam Peru,................................1 troyounce.
Benzoic acid,............................... troyounce.
Saffron,........................................ troyounce.
Digest in a sand bath for three days, then filter. (It should be
made by maceration instead of heat.—L.) The pectoral elixir of modern
times is “elixir e succo liquiritæ,” to which the reader is referred.
ELIXIRS CONTAINING PEPSIN.
It has been shown by Prof. Emil Scheffer that pepsin is
incompatible with alcohol. By an elaborate series of experiments Prof.
Scheffer demonstrated that even the amount of alcohol which exists in
sherry wine prevents the wine from dissolving pepsin from the
mucous membrane of the pig’s stomach (Journal of Pharmacy, 1870).
In connection with this portion of our subject, we quote from Prof.
Scheffer’s writings as follows: “After these experiments I do not
hesitate to say that the so-called wine of pepsin does not contain any
pepsin at all, and that all the medical virtue of it has to be attributed to
the wine itself."
In continuance, 1872, the same author shows that solution of
ammonio-citrate of bismuth is incompatible with pepsin, and hence he
concludes that the benefit derived from the use of elixir of pepsin and
bismuth was due to the alcohol or the bismuth salt. Notwithstanding
these facts, it is well known that elixirs containing pepsin and bismuth
associated are among the most popular. Let us now consider another
phase of the subject. If hydrochloric acid is added to solution of
ammonio-citrate of bismuth, as is well known, a precipitate
immediately results. Here we have an additional incompatible, for
hydrochloric acid is usually employed in making solutions of pepsin,
and we might be led to argue therefrom that both the pepsin and the
bismuth are probably absent from elixir of pepsin and bismuth, and
hence that the value of this elixir depends upon the alcohol only. We
have been somewhat successful in overcoming the incongruities we
have just named by substituting acetic acid for hydrochloric acid in the
preparation of the pepsin liquid, thus permitting it to be mixed with
the bismuth solution without precipitation of bismuth, and also the
apparent solution of pepsin in the presence of ammonio-citrate of
bismuth.
(It is by no means certain that such a solution of pepsin is injured, regarding its digestive
power, by the substitution of acetic acid for hydrochloric acid. True it is that to
dissolve albumen artificially hydrochloric acid is necessary, but the juices in the
stomach may render it unnecessary. See elixir of pepsin.)
We use the term “apparent solution of pepsin,” for although
the pepsin undoubtedly disappears, it does not necessarily follow that it
dissolves and remains active pepsin. Perhaps it is so modified as to be
devoid of digestive value and still remain dissolved. Upon the other
hand, even if this is the case, it. is barely possible that such a pepsin is
only paralyzed, and that its vitality will return when it is taken into the
stomach. Were it not true that these combinations are demanded by
physicians, we might even ignore them altogether.
205. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN.
Pepsin, pure,.................................. 128 grains.

Acetic acid,.................................. 2 fluidrachms.
Mix them together and shake occasionally during a period of

not less than twenty-four hours. Do not filter unless absolutely
necessary. The acid usually employed to effect the solution of pepsin
(hydrochloric acid) is substituted in this case by acetic acid. We do this
in order to obtain a simple elixir of pepsin more compatible with
certain iron salts and with ammonio-citrate of bismuth. Hydrochloric
acid may be necessary in connection with pepsin to effect the artificial
solution of coagulated albumen, but we are by no means convinced
that it is a necessity when the pepsin is in the stomach. Indeed, the
probabilities are that the gastric juice supplies the acid principle, even
in very dyspeptic persons, and reports from those who use dry pepsin
corroborate the inference.
two grains of saccharated pepsin.
The formula first brought to our notice for elixir of pepsin
appeared in the Druggists’ Circular, 1869. Fresh rennet was employed,
with salt, wine, and aromatics. The formula we present contains the
proportion of pepsin recommended by the American Pharmaceutical
Association, 1873.
206. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN WITH CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND

BISMUTH, AND PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.
(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, BISMUTH, AND QUINIA.)
Elixir of pepsin and ammonio

citrate of bismuth,..................8 fluidounces.
Elixir of phosphate of quinine,..8 fluidounces.
Mix them together, and neutralize very carefully by means of
acetic acid or ammonia water.
one-half grain each of saccharated pepsin, ammonio-citrate of bismuth,
and phosphate of quinine. This elixir should be discarded, as it is
uncertain, unstable, and made of incompatibles.
207. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDINE.

(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND CINCHONIDIA.)

Elixir of phosphate of
cinchonidine,......................... 8 fluidounces.
Mix them together. If not of acid reaction, add a sufficient

amount of acetic acid.
one grain of saccharated pepsin and one-half grain of phosphate of
cinchonidine.
208. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN WITH PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDINE

AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, CINCHONIDIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of pepsin and phosphate of

cinchonidine,......................... 16 fluidounces.

sufficient amount to effect its solution, and then add the elixir. If not
of acid reaction, add a sufficient amount of acetic acid.
one grain of saccharated pepsin, one-half grain of phosphate of
quinine, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
209. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONINE.
(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND CINCHONIA )

Elixir of phosphate of
Mix them together. If not of acid reaction, add acetic acid in

sufficient amount.
one grain of saccharated pepsin and one-half grain of phosphate of
cinchonine.
210. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN WITH PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONINE

AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, CINCHONIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)
Elixir of pepsin and phosphate of

Strychnine,.......................................1 grains.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and then add the elixir.
one grain of saccharated pepsin, one-half grain of phosphate of
cinchonine, and about one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
211. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND IRON.
The National Formulary prepares this elixir by adding five

hundred and twelve minims of citro-chloride of iron to enough elixir
of pepsin to make sixteen fluidounces. Each fluidrachm represents
about one-half grain of chloride of iron and one grain of pepsin.
212. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS
The National Formulary makes this elixir by mixing three

and three-quarter fluidounces of spirit of phosphorus, sixteen minims
of oil of star anise, nine fluidounces of alcohol, and aromatic elixir
enough to make sixteen fluidounces. The oil of star anise is added to
the spirit of phosphorus, then the alcohol, and the mixture is shaken
until it forms a clear liquid, after which the aromatic elixir is added in
small portions. Agitate after each addition until a clear mixture results.
This elixir should be kept in a cool, dry place, in amber vials, and
should not be made in large quantities. Each fluidrachm contains one-
fiftieth of a grain of phosphorus.
213. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND WAFER ASH.

(ELIXIR OF PTELEA AND PEPSIN.)
Fluid extract of ptelea,.............. 2 fluidounces.

Powdered wood charcoal,........a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the fluid extract of ptelea with powdered wood

charcoal in amount sufficient to form a thick, pasty mixture, then
gradually add the elixir of pepsin, and filter.
Each fluidrachm of this preparation represents such an
amount of seven and one-half grains of the medicinal principles of
ptelea as will dissolve in the elixir of pepsin, and two grains of
saccharated pepsin. However, as the proper menstruum for extracting
these principles from ptelea trifoliata is alcohol of specific gravity 0.820,
the elixir is not a representative of the fluid extract of ptelea used in
making it. We direct powdered wood charcoal instead of the
magnesium carbonate or magnesium phosphate, as the first would
neutralize the acid of the elixir of pepsin, while the last would dissolve
to a considerable extent.
214. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.

(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND QUINIA.)

Elixir of phosphate of quinine,..8 fluidounces.
Mix them together.
one grain of saccharated pepsin and one-half grain of quinine.
215. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, PHOSPHATE OF QUININE, AND STRYCHNINE.

(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, QUINIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)

Elixir of phosphate of quinine,.8 fluidounces.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, then add the elixirs, having
previously mixed them together.
one grain of saccharated pepsin, one-half grain of quinine, and one-
hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
216. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, PHOSPHATE OF QUININE, STRYCHNINE,

AND CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH.
(ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, QUINIA, STRYCHNIA, AND BISMUTH.)

Elixir of pepsin and ammonio-citrate
of bismuth,.................................8 fluidounces.
Strychnine,...................................... 1 grains.

amount sufficient to effect its solution, and then add the elixirs, having
previously mixed them together. If the elixir has an acid or an alkaline
reaction, cautiously add enough ammonia water or acetic acid, as the
case may demand, to render it neutral.
one-half grain each of saccharated pepsin, quinine, and ammonio-
citrate of bismuth, and about one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
This is an association of incongruities and should be discarded.
217. ELIXIR OF PEPTONE.
Peptone,....................................... troyounce.
Alcohol,.......................................1 fluidounce.
Port wine,....................................4 fluidounces.
Dissolve the peptone in the water, then add the wine and
sugar, and after the sugar has dissolved add the alcohol.
(A. PETTIT )
218. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS.
Phosphorus,..................................... 1 grains.
Ether,............................................3 fluidrachms.
Essence of peppermint,............ 1 fluidrachm.
Glycerin,...................................... 2 fluidounces.
Weigh the phosphorus carefully in a glass-stoppered vial, and

then add the ether; agitate until the phosphorus dissolves, then add the
alcohol and the essence of peppermint; now slowly add the glycerin,
stirring well, and lastly the simple elixir.
the one-hundredth of a grain of phosphorus. Elixir of phosphorus is
liable to become milky, owing to the fact that phosphorus is insoluble
in water. This formula is essentially that of Mr. J. G. Luhn, as
published in the American Journal of Pharmacy, 1874.
219. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS.

(ELIXIR PHOSPHORUS AND NUX VOMICA. )
Elixir of phosphorus,................16 fluidounces.

Tincture of nux vomica,.......... .384 minims.
Gradually add the tincture of nux vomica to the elixir of

phosphorus, stirring well during the process.
The elixir is also that of Mr. J. G. Luhn. Each fluid drachm
contains one-hundredth of a grain of phosphorus and two minims of
tincture of nux vomica.
220. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
Elixir of phosphorus,................8 fluidounces.

Triturate the strychnine with acetic acid in sufficient amount

to effect its solution, and then add the elixirs.
one-half grain of quinine, one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine, and
the two-hundredth part of a grain of phosphorus. This formula in
substance was presented at the meeting of the Pennsylvania
221. ELIXIR OF ACETATE OF POTASSIUM.
Acetate of potassium,............... .... 640 grains.

Dissolve the acetate of potassium in the simple elixir, and

five grains of acetate of potassium.
In former editions of our work each fluidrachm contained
four grains of acetate of potassium. We change the proportion in this
edition of our work to conform to the strength established by the
National Formulary.
222. ELIXIR OF ARSENITE OF POTASSIUM.
Solution of arsenite of potassium

(Fowler’s solution),................256 minims.
Mix the solution of arsenite of potassium with enough simple
two minims of solution of arsenite of potassium. Dose, one
fluidrachm (teaspoonful), which may be cautiously increased to twice
that amount.
223. ELIXIR OF ACETATE OF POTASSIUM AND BUCHU.
Acetate of potassium,............... ... 640 grains.

Elixir of buchu,...........................a sufficient amount.
Dissolve the acetate of potassium in enough elixir of buchu to

produce sixteen fluidounces.
Each fluidrachm represents five grains of acetate of potassium.
224. ELIXIR OF BUCHU, JUNIPER, AND ACETATE OF POTASSIUM.
This preparation is made by parties who have advertised and

created a demand for it in certain sections of our country, and to whom
the formula rightfully belongs. Through courtesy to these gentlemen
we do not give a process for making it.
225. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM
Bromide of potassium,.............. 1280 grains.

Dissolve the bromide of potassium in twelve fluid ounces of

simple elixir, and add to this solution enough simple elixir to bring the
whole to the measure of sixteen fluidounces
Each teaspoonful of the finished elixir represents ten grains of
potassium bromide, and is the same in strength as that adopted by the
226. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM
Iodide of potassium,................. ... 256 grains.

Dissolve the iodide of potassium in enough simple elixir to

produce sixteen fluidounces, and filter if necessary.
two grains of iodide of potassium.
227. ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS.

(PARACELSUS’ ELIXIR)
Myrrh,..........................................3 troyounces.
Aloes,........................................... 3 troyounces.
Alcohol,................................................. 2 pints.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and macerate in the

alcohol fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day, then
filter.
(Supplement to London Pharmacopœia, 1821,)
228. ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS CUM ACIDO.
To elixir proprietatis add of aromatic sulphuric acid an

amount sufficient to render it fairly acid. The Supplement to the
London Pharmacopœia, 1821, directs what in these days would be
considered an unreasonable amount of acid. (See also our formula on
page 8, which is Boerhaave’s original formula for making “Elixir
Proprietatis with Distilled Vinegar.”)
229. RADCLIFF’S PURGING ELIXIR.
Jalap,............................................. 7 troyounces.
Cape aloes,...................................5 troyounces.
Gentian,.......................................2 troyounces.
Canella alba,................................1 troyounces.
Orange peel, bitter,.................... .1 troyounce.
Grains of paradise,.........................3 drachms.
Scammony,.................................... 1 ounces.
Senna,.......................................... ... 1 ounces.
Diluted alcohol,......................... ......... 16 pints
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, mix them with the

diluted alcohol, and macerate fourteen days, stirring the mixture
thoroughly each day, then filter.
(Supplement to London Pharmacopœia, 1821.)
230. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RASPBERRY.
Fluid extract of rhatany,...........1 fluidounce.

Fluid extract of allspice,............ fluidounce.
Fluid extract of nutmeg,........... fluidounce.
Raspberry juice,..........................8 fluidounces.
Mix the fluid extracts and triturate the mixture in a capacious

creamy mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir—previously
mixed with the raspberry juice—stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix
the filtrate with the alcohol.
The proportions of this elixir, essentially those we have given
in our formula, were announced in the Druggists’ Circular, 1872.
231. RED ELIXIR. (RED SIMPLE ELIXIR. )
Simple elixir, or elixir of orange, any convenient quantity.
Color it with solution of carmine until of a distinct red color.

This elixir is incompatible with acids and certain metallic salts, which
precipitate the coloring matter. Red elixir is used as a flavor.
232. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RHAMNUS FRANGULA.
Fluid extract of rhamnus

frangula,.................................. 2 fluidounces.
Mix the fluid extracts, and evaporate them, at a temperature

not exceeding 150° F., until reduced to two fluid ounces. Triturate this
in a capacious mortar with carbonate of magnesium in amount
elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol.
one-half minims each of fluid extracts of rhubarb and rhamnus
frangula.
233. ELIXIR OF RHAMNUS PURSHIANA.

(ELIXIR OF CASCARA SAGRADA )
Fluid extract of rhamnus

purshiana,...............................4 fluidounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of rhamnus purshiana in a

capacious mortar with carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to
form a creamy mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring
well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents fifteen
minims of fluid extract of rhamnus purshiana.
In former editions of our publication each fluidrachm of the
elixir represented seven and one-half grains of rhamnus purshiana.
We have changed the proportion to accord with the strength
established by the National Formulary.
234. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RHAMNUS PURSHIANA.
Fluid extract of rhamnus pur-

shiana,.......................................2 fluidounces.
Tincture of cardamom,............ 30 fluidounces.
Ammoniacal glycyrrhizin,...... ...... 30 grains.
Triturate the mixed fluid extracts in a capacious mortar with

ammoniacal glycyrrhizin and carbonate of magnesium in amount
elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol,
and dissolve in this the citrate of strychnine, and add the tincture of
cardamom.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents about seven
and one-half minims of fluid extract of rhamnus purshiana.
235. ELIXIR ROBORANS WHYTTII.
Yellow cinchona bark,..............3 troyounces.

Gentian,........................................1 troyounce.
Bitter orange peel,..................... .1 troyounce.
Cinnamon water,...................... 8 fluidounces.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and prepare a tincture by

percolation, using a mixture of the alcohol and cinnamon water. This
preparation is a modern tincture, although it was once classed with
elixirs. The German Pharmacopœia (1872) recognizes, under the above
name, the compound tincture of cinchona.
236. ELIXIR OF RHUBARB.

Triturate the fluid extract of rhubarb in a capacious mortar

one-half minims of fluid extract of rhubarb.
237. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RHUBARB.
Rhubarb,......................................20 troyounces.
Cloves,......................................... 8 troyounces.
Nutmeg,...................................... 20 troyounces.
Ether,............................................10 fluidounces.
Sherry wine,............................... 200 fluidounces.

macerate this in the mixed alcohol and wine for fourteen days, stirring
the mixture thoroughly each day; then filter, and add the ether.
This elixir is recommended as a vehicle for disguising the
taste of castor oil, and was introduced by Mr. Bidone Carlo, who states
that one part of this elixir will remove the taste and odor from three
parts of castor oil. It was named “elixir of rhubarb,” but to avoid
confusion with the regular and simple elixir of rhubarb we have added
the word compound.
(See New Remedies, 1880.)
238. ELIXIR OF RHUBARB AND COLUMBO.
Elixir of rhubarb,........................5 fluidounces.

Elixir of columbo,......................5 fluidounces.
Simple elixir,6 fluidounces.
Mix them together.
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents about two
minims each of fluid extract of rhubarb and fluid extract of columbo.
239. ELIXIR OF RHUBARB AND MAGNESIA.

(ELIXIR OF RHUBARB AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE.)

Sulphate of magnesium,......... . 1024 grains.
Triturate the fluid extract of rhubarb with carbonate of

magnesium until of a creamy consistence, then gradually add the
simple elixir, in which the sulphate of magnesium has been previously
dissolved; permit the mixture to remain for a few hours in a closed
vessel, then filter.
Each fluidrachm contains seven and one half minims of fluid
extract of rhubarb and eight grains of sulphate of magnesium.
Under the name elixir of rhubarb and magnesia this elixir was
noticed in New Remedies, 1877. Among the formulæ introduced by
Mr. G. W. Gardner to the American Pharmaceutical Association at its
meeting in Saratoga was an “elixir of rhubarb and magnesium acetate.”
240. ELIXIR OF SALICIN.
Salicin,......................................... .... 256 grains.

Boil the water and dissolve in it the salicin, and mix this
solution with the simple elixir. Filter if necessary.
two grains of salicin.
241. SACRED.ELIXIR.
(ELIXIR SACRUM. TINCTURE RHEI ET ALOES.—Ed. Pharm., 1770.)
Rhubarb,..........................................5 drachms.
Aloes,........................................... ....3 drachms.
Cardamom,.....................................2 drachms.

macerate this in the brandy for fourteen days, stirring the mixture
(Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, 1770.)
242. ELIXIR OF SALICYLIC ACID.
Salicylic acid,................................... 128 grains.

Powdered borax,............................. 128 grains.
Triturate the salicylic acid and powdered borax together, add

the simple elixir, and when the powders are dissolved filter the liquid.
Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains one grain
of salicylic acid.
In March, 1881, Dr. Wolff presented a formula for making this
elixir to the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, using salicylic acid,
alcohol, and simple elixir. In our hands it failed, the salicylic acid
crystallizing as soon as the simple elixir was added to the alcoholic
solution. We have met with little success when we have endeavored
to make an elixir of this acid without using some substance, such as
borax, to act as a solvent. Of course, bicarbonate of sodium is not
admissible, or other alkaline carbonate, or an alkali, for such will form
salts of salicylic acid.
243. ELIXIR OF SCAMMONY.
Scammony,.....................................2 drachms.
Heat and set fire to the spirit, and add—
When it has dissolved, extinguish the flame and add—
Syrup of violets,.........................2 fluidounces.
(GUIBOURT.)
244. ELIXIR SALUTIS.

(ELIXIR OF HEALTH. (COMPOUND TINCTURE OF SENNA,)
Senna,.......................................... 2 troyounces.
Jalap,............................................. 1 troyounce.
Coriander,................................... troyounce.
Diluted alcohol,......................... .......3 pints.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and macerate this in the

diluted alcohol for fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each
day, then filter. (Edinburgh New Dispensatory, 1818.)
245. ELIXIR OF SENNA.
Fluid extract of senna,.............. 2 fluidounces

Triturate the fluid extract of senna in a capacious mortar with

Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir contains the medicinal
principles of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of senna.
246. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF SENNA.
Fluid extract of senna,.............. 4 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of taraxacum,......1 fluidounce.
Compound tincture of cardamom, fluidounce.
Mix the fluid extracts and tincture, and triturate with
carbonate of magnesium until of a creamy consistence, then gradually
add the simple elixir, and filter.
Each fluidrachm contains seven and one-half minims of fluid
extract of senna and about four minims of fluid extract of taraxacum.
(See American Practitioner, 1875.)
247. SIMPLE: ELIXIR.

(WHITE ELIXIR.)
Oil of sweet orange,...................1 fluidrachm.

Oil of lemon,.............................. fluidrachm.
Carbonate of magnesium,....... one two-ounce block.
Dissolve the sugar, without heat, in the distilled water, and

then mix with this solution nine fluidounces of alcohol. Dissolve the
oils in three fluidounces of alcohol, and slowly add the liquid, stirring
constantly, to the solution of sugar. Then crush the block of carbonate
of magnesium between the hands, permitting the powder to gradually
scatter itself over the surface of the liquid and settle to the bottom of
the vessel. After standing half an hour, stir it well and transfer the
mixture to a well-closed vessel, and permit it to remain for six or eight
hours, stirring it occasionally, and then filter it through a double filter
paper, returning the first portion and until it passes clear, and then
filter it. Lastly, add the remaining fluidounce of alcohol.
In reviewing the above formula it may seem to the reader that
we are unreasonably precise regarding certain details. If necessary, the
operator may hurry the operation, but it will be found advantageous in
the long run to follow our directions. The suggestion to crush the
magnesium carbonate between the hands, instead of grating it through
a sieve or powdering it in a mortar, is made because we find that
process advantageous. Permitting it to fall over the surface of the
liquid facilitates the absorption of undissolved oils which may be
present, especially if the oils of orange and lemon are sophisticated.
Simple elixir, as made according to the above formula, is very
nicely flavored and acceptable. If the operator desires, he can substitute
the simple elixir of the Pharmacopoeia or our elixir of orange.
248. ELIXIR OF ARSENITE OF SODIUM.
(ELIXIR OF ARSENIC. )
Solution of arsenite of sodium,.....256 minims.

Mix the solution of arsenite of sodium with enough simple

Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful:) of the finished elixir contains
two minims of solution of arsenite of sodium.
The dose is one fluidrachm (teaspoonful), which may be very
cautiously increased if desirable. Use with care.
249. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF SODIUM.
Bromide of sodium,.................... 1280 grains.

Dissolve the bromide of sodium in the simple elixir, and filter

if necessary.
ten grains of bromide of sodium.
In former editions of our publication the strength was two
grains of bromide of sodium to the fluidrachm. We conform in this
edition to the strength established by the National Formulary.
250. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITE OF SODIUM.

Acetic acid,.................................. ....... 20 grains
Simple elixir,...................enough to make 16 fluidounces.
Dissolve the hypophosphites of sodium and the citric acid in

the simple elixir by agitation. Each fluidrachm contains two grains of
hypophosphite of sodium.
251. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF SODIUM.
Iodide of sodium,...................... ... 256 grains.

Dissolve the iodide of sodium in the simple elixir, and filter if

necessary.
two grains of iodide of sodium.
252. ELIXIR OF SALICYLATE OF SODIUM.
Salicylate of sodium,.................... 640 grains.

Simple elixir,.................enough to make 16 fluidounces.
Dissolve the salicylate of sodium in the simple elixir by agitation, and

filter if necessary. Each fluidrachm contains five grains of salicylate of
sodium.
253 . SQUIRE’S ELIXIR.
Opium,.........................................4 troyounces.
Camphor,.................................... .1 troyounce.
Cochineal,................................... .1 troyounce.
Oil fennel seed,.......................... 2 fluidrachms.
Tincture serpentaria,................ 16 fluidounces.
Spirit anise,......................................... 16 pints.
Water,.......................................... ........... 2 pints
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder. Having previously

dissolved the oil of fennel seed in the spirit of anise and mixed this
with the water, add the powdered drugs and the tincture of serpentaria.
Macerate fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day, then
filter.
(Supplement to the London Pharmacopœia, 1821.)
The original formula in the above work contains six ounces of

" aurum musivum " (sulphuret of tin), which we omit.
254. ST. HUBERT’S HUNTERS’ ELIXIR.
(ELIXIR DE ST. HUBERT POUR LES CHASSEURS.)
Carbolic acid,................................1 troyounce.

Mix them together.

Each fluidrachm contains about two and one-fourth minims
of carbolic acid.
(CASSELLMAN, from New Remedies, 1878.)
255. ELIXIR OF STILLINGIA.
Fluid extract of stillingia,.........2 fluidounces.

Simple elixir,..............................14 fluidounce.
Triturate the fluid extract of stillingia in a capacious mortar

256. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF STILLINGIA.
Compound fluid extract of stil

lingia,....................................... 4 fluidounces.
Triturate the compound fluid extract of stillingia with

fifteen minims of compound fluid extract of stillingia.
257. STOMACHIC ELIXIR.
(ELIXIR STOMACHIC)
Curaçao orange peel,..................1 troyounce.
Virginia snakeroot,................... troyounce.
Cochineal,................................... ..... 30 grains.
Brandy,................................................... 2 pints.

macerate this in the brandy for fourteen days, stirring the mixture
258. STOUGHTON’S ELIXIR
Serpentaria,..................................1 troyounce.
Bitter orange peel,..................... 1 troyounces.
Calamus,...................................... troyounces.
Diluted alcohol,......................... .......... 6 pints.
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and macerate this in the

diluted alcohol for fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each
day, then filter.
(Supplement to the London Pharmacopœia.)
269. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF STRYCHNINE.
Strychnine,......................................1 grains.
Powder the strychnine in a mortar and add two fluid ounces

of simple elixir, and then enough valerianic acid to effect the solution
of the strychnine. Lastly, add the remainder of the simple elixir.
The formula is essentially that presented by Prof. C. Lewis
Diehl to the Louisville College of Pharmacy, excepting that we have
made the proportion of strychnine conform to that established by the
National Formulary.
one hundredth of a grain of strychnine.
260. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF SUMBUL.

(COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MUSK-ROOT.)
Fluid extract of sumbul,...........1 fluidounce.

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium, 9 fluidounces.
Triturate the fluid extract of sumbul in a Wedgewood or

porcelain mortar with enough magnesium carbonate to bring it to a
creamy consistence, then gradually add the elixir of valerianate of
ammonium and simple elixir, and filter; mix the alcohol with the
filtrate.
(New Remedies, 1880.)
If this elixir is prepared as directed in the works where the
writer has observed it, by simply mixing the liquid ingredients, an
unsightly mixture results, providing the fluidextract of sumbul was
made with alcohol and was not an aqueous infusion. Hence the
directions we have given are for the purpose of producing a
presentable liquid.
Each fluidrachm represents about four minims of fluid extract
of sumbul and thirty-six minims of elixir of valerianate of
ammonium.
261. ELIXIR OF TAR
Pine tar,........................................5 troyounces.

Triturate the tar and sugar together, then with the alcohol,
and filter.
This was suggested by Magnes Lahens in the Italian Chemical
Gazette. In reality, it is solution of tar in diluted alcohol, and does not
conform to the modern American elixir.
262. ELIXIR OF TAR COMPOUND.
Wine of tar,.................................16 fluidounces.

Syrup of wild cherry,................ 4 fluidounces.
Syrup of Tolu,........................... 4 fluidounces.
Methylic alcohol,.......................1 fluidounce.
Sulphate of morphine,..................... 4 grains.
Dissolve the sulphate of morphine in the wine of tar, and

then add the other ingredients.
(Non-officinal formulæ in local use, compiled and published by the joint committee of
the Medical and Pharmaceutical Associations of the District of Columbia.)
263. ELIXIR OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS.

(ELIXIR OF ARBOR VITÆ. )
Fluid extract of thuja occidentalis, 2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of thuja with carbonate of

magnesium until of a creamy consistence, then gradually add the
simple elixir, filter, and add the alcohol. A formula for elixir of thuja
occidentalis was proposed by Mr. W. H. Laws in New Remedies, 1877.
This is one of the class of substances which, in our opinion, cannot be
satisfactorily exhausted by means of an aqueous menstruum. The
characteristic principles of thuja are oily and resinous, and these are
largely precipitated by any aqueous liquid.
Each fluidrachm of this elixir represents, less the substances
precipitated by the simple elixir, seven and one-half minims of fluid
extract of thuja occidentalis.
264. ELIXIR OF VALERIAN.
Fluid extract of valerian,..........2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of valerian in a capacious mortar
Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir will contain of seven
and one-half minims of fluid extract of valerian such an amount as the
menstruum is capable of dissolving.
265. MYNFICHT’S ELIXIR OF VITRIOL.
This ancient elixir has been modified, and deservedly, time

and again, until, excepting the sulphuric acid, it scarcely resembles its
former self. It was made by the London and Edinburgh
Pharmacopœias, preceding 1770, as follows:
Cinnamon,......................................3 drachms.
Ginger,......................................... ....3 drachms.
Cloves,......................................... ....3 drachms.
Calamus,.......................................1 troyounce.
Galanga,....................................... 1 troyounce.
Sage,.............................................. troyounce.
Peppermint,................................ troyounce.
Cubebs,.............................................2 drachms.
Nutmeg,...................................... ....2 drachms.
Aloes,........................................... ...... 1 drachm
Citron peel,................................. ...... 1 drachm
Reduce these ingredients to a powder, to which add of—
Sugar candy,................................3 troyounces.

Alcohol,..............................................1 pints.
Oil of vitriol,...........................................1 pint.
Digest them together for twenty days, and filter the tincture
for use.
The Edinburgh Pharmacopœia, 1770, improves upon this
process, modifying it until the product resembles our former aromatic
sulphuric acid (elixir vitriol), U. S. P., the proportion of sulphuric acid
being reduced very considerably. Those who make “elixir of vitriol” at
the present time will find in our Pharmacopœia of 1882 a process
which, in our opinion, is very much superior to any heretofore
suggested, and this old formula is simply a curiosity.
266. SWEET ELIXIR OF VITRIOL.

(ELIXIR VITRIOLI DULCE.)
*Aromatic tincture,...............................1 pint.

**Dulcified spirit of vitriol,..... 8 troyounces
Mix them together.
(New Dispensatory, London, and London Pharmacopœia, 1770.)
* AROMATIC TINCTURE.—
Cinnamon,....................................... .......6 drachms.
Cardamom seeds,.................................... 3 drachms.
Long pepper,...........................................2 drachms.
Ginger,............................................ ....... 2 drachms.
Diluted alcohol,.......................................... 2 pints.
Digest without heat, and then strain.—London Pharmacopœia, 1770.
**DULCIFIED SPIRIT OF VITRIOL.—This was made by distilling a mixture of

sulphuric acid and alcohol. Its substitute now is Hoffmann’s Anodyne, which even at
that day the elixir was designed to imitate. We quote: " It is not essentially different
from the celebrated anodyne liquor of Hoffmann."—New Dispensatory, 1770.
267. VIGANI’S VOLATILE ELIXIR OF VITRIOL.
Dulcified spirit of vitriol,.........32 troyounces.

Oil of peppermint,..................... troyounce.
Oil of lemon,.............................. 2 fluidrachms.
Oil of nutmeg,............................1 fluidrachm.
Gradually drop the oils into the spirit and mix the whole well
together.
This preparation is a simplification of Vigani’s complex and
quaint formula, and was accepted as a substitute by the Edinburgh
Pharmacopœia. Of it the New Dispensatory, London, 1770, remarks:
“A medicine of this kind was formerly in great esteem under the title
of Vigani’s Volatile Elixir of Vitriol, the composition of which was first
communicated to the public in the Pharmacopœia Reformata.”
268. ELIXIR OF WAHOO.
Fluid extract of wahoo,.............2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of wahoo with carbonate of

magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy mixture, then
gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, mix the
filtrate with the alcohol.
medicinal principles of such an amount of seven and one half minims
of fluid extract of wahoo as can be retained in solution by the
menstruum.
269. ELIXIR OF YERBA SANTA.
Fluid extract of yerba santa,.....2 fluidounces.

Triturate the fluid extract of yerba santa in a capacious mortar

This elixir has been recommended as a vehicle for
administering quinine, and is said to disguise its bitterness. A process
was devised by Mr. Jas. S. McCleary whereby aromatics were added, and
which we give in substance under compound elixir of yerba santa.
Yerba santa contains a peculiar sweet astringent principle which may
precipitate the quinine, thus rendering it insoluble. Care should be
taken that the mixture be not filtered after the addition of the quinine.
270. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF YERBA SANTA.
Fluid extract of yerba santa,.....2 fluidounces.

Fluid extract of sweet orange peel, fluidounce.
Red saunders,.................................. 10 grains.
Mix the fluid extracts, add the red saunders, and triturate in a
capacious mortar with sufficient carbonate of magnesium to form a
filter. This preparation is used for disguising the taste of quinine. (See
our remarks under elixir of yerba santa.)
271. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF ZINC.
Valerianate of zinc,....................... 128 grains.

Triturate the valerianate of zinc with the water, and then add
the simple elixir. When solution of the salt results filter the liquid.
Should the valerianate of zinc refuse to dissolve, cautiously drop in a
little hydrochloric acid, care being taken that only enough to effect its
solution is added.
one grain of valerianate of zinc.
In former editions of our publication the strength was one-
half grain of valerianate of zinc in each fluidrachm. We change in this
edition to one grain in order to conform to the strength established by
the National Formulary.
PART SECOND.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS, ESSENCES,

FLAVORED SYRUPS,
COLORING LIQUIDS,
AND OTHER
SODA-WATER APPLIANCES.
INTRODUCTION.
Apprenticed in 1863 to W. J. M. Gordon & Brother,
pharmacists, of Cincinnati, a goodly share of my time for a considerable
period was devoted to the care of the soda fountain. As part of my
duties, when I had advanced sufficiently, it devolved upon me to make
the syrups and “charge the fountain”; and those who know Mr.
Gordon recognize the fact that strict attention to business was a
necessity with an apprentice in his charge. Neither expense nor pains
were to be spared in details connected with the manufacture of his
syrups, and neither excuse nor apology would prevent a reprimand
when the boy was unlucky enough to need one. Necessity demanded,
therefore, that as “soda boy” I should attend strictly to business; and, as
I recall those days, I earnestly and heartily thank Mr. Gordon for his
good judgment in demanding of me what I considered at that time
unnecessary exactitude in such little matters as attention to details of
the soda fountain. This discipline extended and continued, step by
step, until I reached and stood behind the prescription counter; and
now in formulating this little monograph, as the formulæ recorded
herein come successively to my mind, I seem to live over again those
early days of “soda-water” apprenticeship.
Since that time I have continuously contributed to others
formulæ learned in those days and thereafter, both for making
flavoring extracts and soda syrups, and have sought the experiences of
others, but, so far as I can remember, this is the first appearance in print
of any of the formulæ. I can say to the reader, therefore, that many of
the formulæ of this work are such as were used successfully years ago
and are now prized in numbers of stores; some of them came into my
possession during my apprenticeship, others I have formulated in
after-years, and many have been given me by recent acquaintances and
friends of the profession—for I have not been actively engaged as a
dispenser for some years. Necessarily, however, there is a general
similarity in formulæ of this description.
I may add that, when it became evident that this work was to
be written, only a few days were at my command, and I had no
opportunity to consult current literature on the subject. The remarks I
make and the formulæ embraced herein are dictated to a stenographer,
being such as are part of my laboratory processes or come to memory
spontaneously; and yet, since a collection of such formulæ necessarily
covers an experience of considerable time, their several values may be
greater than though I should at tempt to collate from the printed work
of others. J. U. LLOYD.CINCINNATI, November 30th, 1891.
SODA-WATER APPLIANCES.
At a moderately distant day only, in the past, a good com-
plement of soda syrups could be found in a dozen decanter-like bottles
arranged beneath the counter. Now such a method of supplying syrups
to a public would be viewed as a curiosity. Then a silver-plated urn as a
fountain solicited not a little admiration; now a fortune is often
invested in rare marbles, beautifully ornamented that for tastiness,
richness of design, and elaborate finish can rarely be surpassed by costly
furniture in the mansions of those who have little to do but lavish their
wealth on fine furniture. It may be safely asserted, we think, that in no
direction connected with pharmacy has there been a greater degree of
progress than in the elaboration of the soda-water fountain, as shown by its
evolution from the simple nozzle and stopcock of former years to the
magnificent designs of the present. It seemed as though manufacturers each
year had certainly reached perfection, and yet each season witnessed the
appearance of new designs and conveniences formerly unknown.
Some of us have ever considered such investments to be
unnecessary; some of us still believe such adjuncts to be in excusable
innovations on the apothecary shop; and yet the fact confronts us that
those who strive to please the eye and the taste of the public by such
modern conveniences as are embraced in rich fountains and pleasant
surround ings, thrive better, as a rule, than others who adhere to cold,
bare walls and the scant fixture accompaniments of former years.
The manufacture of soda fountains has evolved itself into a
great industry. Manufacturers are amply able to suit the taste of any
purchaser, and suggestions from our selves or other outsiders concer-
ning styles and designs are superfluous. The manufacturers can help
the purchaser to select to the best advantage, and they have a ripe expe-
rience in this direction that enables them to say just what style and
design promises to be most appropriate in each locality.
Ofcourse business judgment is necessary to determine the possi-
bilities of returns from such investments, and there are localities in which
expenditures of this description cannot prove remunerative; and yet,
in our opinion, it is conclusively shown that under favorable condi-
tions a richly designed fountain and savory surroundings bring business
to the store and largely add to the prosperity of its owner. The medicine
trade only, including the prescription business, even in our large cities,
is now seldom sufficient to enable an apothecary to pay the rent of
central or prominent locations, and if the druggist proposes to succeed
he must, however distasteful it may be, grasp the present and let go of
the past.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS AND ESSENCES.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS.
The pharmacist is expected to make these preparations both

for his own use and to meet a trade demand, and the artful blending of
ethers and flavors in the form of pleasant soda-water syrups often
induces a good business and is directly remunerative. Many
pharmacists find the “soda water” trade to be an aid also to business
professionally, introducing patrons and furthering an acquaintance
that results in both pleasant social and monetary returns. In these days
of close competition and shrewd business management, it behooves
the apothecary to exert himself in every legitimate way to retain his
business, and in many instances the addition of these side issues is a
matter of self-existence, not of choice.
While all must admit that the undue prominence of a
counter for dispensing “beverages” is not an ideal of the apothecary of
the old school, and is distasteful to many who do not at present feel the
business necessity of such a feature, we must also admit that the
modern idea of a drug store is very different from that of the past.
The making of pills, powders, plasters, and many other pharmaceutical
preparations and compounds has passed largely into the hands of
manufacturers. The former profits on proprietary preparations and
perfumes have disappeared in the rivalries of dry-goods houses,
grocers, and “cutters,” who make leaders of such “hand-me-downs”
and sell them at cost. These and other conditions that now confront
the apothecary make it necessary that he should often deviate from
former methods, if he expects to thrive in the face of modern
competition. Attention, therefore, to such subjects as the making of
flavors, both for sale and for shop use, has come to be a part of the
duties of most pharmacists. It is believed that the following pages will
give information enough concerning the making of flavors and syrups
to enable an inexperienced person to satisfactorily conduct a soda stand.
FRUIT ESSENCES.
We have included among our flavoring extracts such

substances as are usually called for, as flavors, at the soda counter.
Some of them are also sometimes known as essences, and as examples
thereof we may name raspberry, strawberry, and pineapple. We do not
feel that these artificial flavors merit a separate classification, although
perhaps the term essence may be more appropriately applied to such as
are compounded of ethers and volatile oils than the term extract.
Various mixtures of ethers are made by experts, and denominated by
such fanciful titles as essence or extract of pear, plum, quince, currant,
etc., and are to be used as flavors in making syrups. We believe,
however, that since the introduction of the popular commercial fruit
juices these artificial flavors are being displaced in favor of the latter.
In our opinion the resemblance of many of them to fruits of the names
under which they appear is highly imaginary, but as they are used
generally when the fruit is out of season, and by a class of persons
neither disposed nor qualified to be critical, there seems to be no
complaint.
We will add that these essences may be purchased in the
general drug market from dealers in essential oils, and those who
propose to carry a full line of rare syrups can obtain these rare fruit
flavors with less trouble than they can the ethers that are used in
compounding them, and at as low a price as they can buy the ethers
and mix them together.
S-1. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ALLSPICE.
Oil of allspice,.............................2 fluidrachms.

Freshly powdered allspice,...... ......2 ounces.
*Alcohol,.................. a sufficient amount.
Rub the oil with the powdered allspice and pack the mixture
in a percolator prepared for percolation. Cover with alcohol (using
about twenty fluidounces), and when the percolate appears close the
exit of the percolator and macerate for a period of twenty-four hours;
then percolate slowly until one pint of percolate is obtained. The
strength may be increased or diminished to suit the taste of the
operator, the quality desired governing in this direction.
*Much commercial alcohol is contaminated with fusel oil and other volatile impurities
to such an extent as to impair the flavor of syrups and flavoring extracts. Whenever,
with some exceptions, alcohol is directed to be used in this work, the operator will find
it best to employ deodorized alcohol.
In some cases—as, for example, the harsh, penetrating flavors of almond,
peach, sarsaparilla, etc.—this precaution is unnecessary, commercial alcohol of good
quality answering every purpose.
S-2. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ALMONDS (PEACH).

This extract is made of oil of bitter almonds, but it should be
remembered that it is a poison.
Oil of bitter almonds,................1 fluidrachm.

Dissolve the oil of almonds in one ounce of alcohol and add

thereto the diluted alcohol. Shake well together.
This formula may be strengthened or weakened in accordance
with the will of the pharmacist. There is no established proportion,
that which we suggest being, in our opinion, suitable for most
purposes. Extract of almond and extract of peach are identical.
S-3. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF BANANA.
This is usually made extemporaneously of mixtures of other

flavoring extracts, a satisfactory formula being as follows:
Flavoring extract of pineapple, fluidounce.

Flavoring extract of vanilla,.... fluidounce.
Flavoring extract of strawberry, un
colored,................................... 15 fluidounces.
Mix them together, and if necessary filter through a little

carbonate of magnesium, and then color to suit the taste with a
mixture of cochineal color and tincture of curcuma.
S-4. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF BLACK PEPPER.
Recently powdered black pepper,..2 ounces.

Alcohol, water,...........................of each a sufficient amount.
Pack the powder in a percolator prepared for percolation.

Cover with alcohol (using about twenty fluidounces), and when the
percolate appears close the exit of the percolator and macerate for a
period of twenty-four hours. Then percolate slowly until one pint of
percolate is obtained. The strength may be increased or diminished to
suit the taste of the operator, the quality desired governing in this
direction. The diluted alcohol may also be replaced with alcohol to
advantage, if the question of economy is not a factor.
S-5. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CAPSICUM.
Fluid extract of capsicum,........1 fluidounce.

Mix them together and color with curcuma modified with

cochineal, to suit the taste.
S-6 FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CELERY.
Celery seed,................................. .......2 ounces.

Alcohol,.......................................a sufficient amount.
Powder the celery seed in an iron mortar, and pack the

mixture in a percolator prepared for percolation. Cover with alcohol
(using about twenty fluidounces), and when the percolate appears close
the exit of the percolator and macerate for a period of twenty-four
hours. Then percolate slowly until one pint of percolate is obtained.
The strength may be increased or diminished to suit the taste of the
operator, the quality desired governing in this direction
This is one of the questionable recent additions, and has been
introduced since the fashion of taking “nervines” and tonics came into
vogue among patrons of the soda counter.
In our experience alcohol only should be employed in
extracting celery seed, the use of diluted alcohol producing a
preparation that loses its brilliancy and casts a precipitate.
S-7. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CHOCOLATE.
Powdered chocolate,................. .......4 ounces.

Syrup, water,.......................of each a sufficient amount.
Rub the chocolate in a mortar with syrup gradually added,

until reduced to a cream, then add syrup enough to bring to the
measure of eight fluidounces, after which add one pint of water.
Pour the mixture into a pan and bring it to a brisk boil, and
then allow to cool.
This extract is of uncertain quality, owing to the variation in
commercial chocolates. It is never transparent and is likely to deposit
considerable sediment. It will ferment in hot weather, and must either
be made in small amounts or put into small bottles that are well filled
and kept in a cool place.
Some persons flavor extract of chocolate with vanilla, but in
our experience it is not always acceptable.
S-8. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CLOVES.
Oil of cloves,...............................2 fluidrachms.

Freshly powdered cloves,........ ......2 ounces.
Rub the oil with the powdered cloves and pack the mixture in
a percolator prepared for percolation. Cover with alcohol (using about
twenty fluidounces), and when the percolate appears close the exit of
the percolator and macerate for a period of twenty four hours. Then
percolate slowly until one pint of percolate is obtained. The strength
may be increased or diminished to suit the taste of the operator, the
quality desired governing in this direction.
S-9. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CINNAMON
Oil of cinnamon (Ceylon preferred),...2 fluidrachms.

Alcohol, diluted alcohol,.........of each a sufficient quantity.
Dissolve the oil in eight ounces of alcohol, add enough
diluted alcohol to produce a permanent cloudiness, and then bring to
the measure of a pint with alcohol. Color with tincture of curcuma
modified by a little cochineal color and caramel. The strength may be
increased or diminished to suit the taste of the operator, the quality
desired governing in this direction. The diluted alcohol may also be
replaced with alcohol to advantage, if the question of economy is not a
factor.
S-10. FLAVORIN EXTRACT OF COFFEE.
Freshly roasted Java coffee,..... .......8 ounces.

Alcohol and water mixed, in the propor
tion of alcohol 12, water 4,....a sufficient amount.
Powder the coffee coarsely, moisten with the mixed alcohol

and water, and pack in a previously prepared, suitable percolator.
Cover the powder with the menstruum (about twenty ounces), and
when the percolate appears close the exit and allow the coffee to
macerate twenty-four hours, then continue the percolation until one
pint is obtained.
The remarks we have made concerning the quality of
chocolate will apply also to coffee. The process we commend produces
an extract that represents the coffee very accurately, and in our opinion
the addition of syrup and glycerin is undesirable.
S-11. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF GINGER.
Jamaica ginger, freshly powdered, 2 ounces.

Pack the powder in a percolator prepared for percolation.

Cover with alcohol (using about twenty fluidounces), and when the
percolate appears close the exit of the percolator and macerate for a
period of twenty-four hours. Then percolate slowly until one pint of
percolate is obtained. The strength may be increased or diminished to
suit the taste of the operator, the quality desired governing in this
direction. The diluted alcohol may also be replaced with alcohol.
S-12. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF GINGER (SOLUBLE).
Fluid extract of ginger (U. S. P.),.....4 fluidounces.

Magnesium carbonate, water, alcohol,
...........................of each a sufficient amount.
Evaporate the fluid extract to one fluidounce, add enough

magnesium carbonate to form a creamy mixture, then water to bring to
the measure of eight fluidounces, rubbing well together, and filter. To
the filtrate add enough alcohol to make a total of sixteen fluidounces.
Color. if desirable, with caramel.
Some persons wish a hot peppery taste, and this is made by
using a few drops of tincture of capsicum. The operator can determine
the necessity for this addition and modify the extract to suit the whim
of his patrons.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF LEMON.

The quality of these extracts is governed by the freshness and
quality of the oil of lemon employed in making them, for, as a rule, the
extract of lemon used in flavoring is made from the oil. If the oil be
old, it is likely to acquire a turpentine-like odor; and even though of
moderate age, it often loses its fresh lemon sweetness and becomes
harsh. Oil of lemon, like vanilla beans, may be obtained in commerce
of different qualities and at different prices. Those proposing to make
flavoring extracts of lemon from the oil should pay special attention to
its quality. There is little economy in purchasing cheap oil of lemon.
At the present time it is possible to obtain this oil (hand-pressed is the
best) of unquestionable purity. The pharmacist may, as a rule, depend
upon the statement made by the jobbing druggist concerning the
quality of the oil, and, if he is willing to pay the price demanded for a
first-class oil, he can readily obtain it. We will add that it is not always
possible (without great experience) to prejudge the value of oil of
lemon by the odor. Upon the contrary, it is possible for an oil of lemon
that has a very pleasant odor to produce an extract that shows evidence
of turpentine, especially after having been mixed with syrup.
S-13. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON, GOOD (FROM THE OIL).
Oil of lemon,.............................. 1 fluidounce

Mix them together, and after a few days filter if a precipitate

forms. Then color to suit the taste with a little tincture of curcuma.
S-14. FLAVORING; EXTRACT OF LEMON, CHEAP (FROM THE OIL) .
Oil of lemon,.............................. fluidounce.

Alcohol, diluted alcohol,
......................................of each a sufficient quantity.
Mix the oil of lemon with eight fluidounces of alcohol, then

add diluted alcohol until a cloudiness appears, after which add of
alcohol a sufficient quantity to make sixteen fluidounces. Then color
to suit the taste by the addition of a sufficient amount of tincture of
curcuma.
S-15. FLAVORING EXTRACT OFF LEMON, CHEAP (FROM THE OIL).
Oil of lemon,.............................. fluidounce.

Alcohol,.......................................a sufficient quantity.
Rub the oil of lemon in a mortar with carbonate of

magnesium in quantity sufficient to form a cream, then add the diluted
alcohol and filter. To the filtrate add enough alcohol to bring to the
measure of sixteen fluidounces, and color to suit the taste with a
sufficient amount of tincture of curcuma.
S-16. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON.
Grate off the outer rind of four lemons. Put this into a wide-
mouth bottle and pour upon it a pint of alcohol, and add thereto one-
half fluidounce of fresh oil of lemon. Macerate, with occasional
shaking, for four days, and filter. color the filtrate to suit the taste with
a sufficient amount of tincture of curcuma.
S-17. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON (STRENGTHENED).
To a pint of any of the foregoing flavoring extracts of lemon

add one fluidrachm of oil of lemongrass. This is a pleasant addition in
some instances, as there are persons who find the mixture of lemon
and lemongrass to form a gratifying flavor. However, in our opinion,
the extract made with a prime quality of oil of lemon is not excelled.
S-18. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF NECTAR.
This is one of the fanciful titles that have been given to a soda
water syrup that is quite popular. The following formula produces a
mixture that gives general satisfaction.
Flavoring extract of vanilla,....3 fluidounces.

Flavoring extract of lemon,.....6 fluidounces.
Flavoring extract of orange,.... 4 fluidounces.
Flavoring extract of strawberry,3 fluidounces.
Mix these together, and, if necessary, filter through a little

carbonate of magnesium.
S-19. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF NECTARINE.
Flavoring extract of lemon,.....4 fluidounces.

Flavoring extract of bitter almonds, 2 fluidounces.
Flavoring extract of orange,.... 4 fluidounces.
Flavoring extract of rose,......... 2 fluidounces.
Flavoring extract of vanilla,....4 fluidounces.
Cochineal color,.........................a sufficient amount.
Mix the extracts and color to suit the taste with cochineal
color. The proportions of the ingredients of this extract may be varied,
if the operator desires, for the combination is purely fanciful.
S-20. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF NUTMEG.
Oil of nutmeg,............................2 fluidrachms.

Nutmegs freshly powdered,...........2 ounces.
Alcohol,.......................................a sufficient quantity.
Rub the oil with the powdered nutmeg and pack the mixture
in a percolator prepared for percolation. Cover with alcohol (using
about twenty fluidounces), and when the percolate appears close the
exit of the percolator and macerate for a period of twenty-four hours.
Then percolate slowly until one pint of percolate is obtained. The
strength may be increased or diminished to suit the taste of the
operator, the quality desired governing in this direction.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF ORANGE.

All that we have said concerning oil of lemon may be
repeated with reference to oil of orange. Indeed, oil of orange is the
more delicate of the two, and it is more difficult to obtain a prime
quality of oil of sweet orange than a prime quality of lemon oil.
However, the drug market. at the present time furnishes, for those
who are willing to pay the price, a delicious oil of orange that in our
experience can be used in the making of an extract of orange that will
compare favorably with, or even be superior to, an extract made from
the fresh rind of the fruit. It is altogether a question of quality, which
may be determined by the price that the purchaser is willing to pay for
the oil, as well as by the judgment of the jobber who furnishes him
with it. In our experience there is no difficulty at the present time in
obtaining an oil of orange of unquestionable quality, and we have
reason to believe that this is possible in all parts of the country. Oil of
orange, like oil of lemon, should be fresh, and purchasers should
supply themselves with only enough to last a moderate period;
overstocks are dangerous by reason of the molecular changes that
occur, resulting in the formation of turpentine-like odors.
S-21. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ORANGE (GOOD).
Add one fluidounce of sweet oil of orange to fifteen fluid

ounces of alcohol, and color the mixture to suit the taste with tincture
of curcuma modified with a little cochineal color. The manipulator
should bear in mind, in the making of flavoring extract of orange, that
the demand is for an extract of a dark-yellow color, whereas in making
an extract. of lemon the demand is for an extract of a much lighter
color. The various shades can easily be made with different
proportions of curcuma tincture and cochineal.
S-22. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ORANGE (CHEAP).
Oil of orange,.............................. fluidounce.

Alcohol, diluted alcohol,.........of each a sufficient quantity.
Mix the oil of orange with eight fluidounces of diluted

alcohol, shaking until a permanent milkiness results in the mixture.
To this add sufficient alcohol to bring the whole to a measure of sixteen
fluidounces. Color with tincture of curcuma modified with cochineal
color, to suit, and filter, after which allow the mixture to stand four
days.
Oil of orange,..............................1 fluidounce.

The grated rind of four oranges.
Diluted alcohol,......................... a sufficient quantity.
Put the grated outer rind of the oranges into a wide mouth
bottle and pour upon it twelve ounces of diluted alcohol. Then,
having added the oil of orange to the remaining four ounces of diluted
alcohol, mix this solution therewith. After four days filter the mixture.
Color the filtrate to suit with tincture of curcuma modified with
cochineal
Cover the peelings of oranges with alcohol, and after eight or

ten days filter the liquid. This furnishes an extract of orange that, while
it is made from the fruit, is in our opinion much inferior to the extract
of orange that is made from a good quality of oil of orange. The odor is
not as grateful to the taste, and it will not give the satisfaction to
patrons that the extract of true oil of orange does.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF PINEAPPLE.

Extract of pineapple is a favorite with some persons, although
most people select one of the preceding flavors. It may be said that the
majority prefer lemon, vanilla, and orange, but next, perhaps, to these
comes pineapple. Extract of pineapple is not made from the fruit,
neither is it made from the oil nor a product of the fruit It is an
association of ether flavors which reminds one of the odor of
pineapples. The base of the pineapple extract is butyric ether, to which
are added other substances to modify its harshness.
S-25. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF PINEAPPLE (STRONG).
Butyric ether ..............................2 fluidounces.,

Diluted alcohol, ........................ 14 fluidounces.
Mix them together and flavor to suit the taste with a little
tincture of curcuma, and modify with enough cochineal color to over-
come the bright yellow of the curcuma.
S-26. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF PINEAPPLE (MODIFIED).
Butyric ether,..............................1 fluidounce.

Acetic,...........................................1 fluidounce.
Chloroform,................................1 fluidrachm.
Diluted alcohol,......................... a sufficient quantity.
Mix the ingredients and color with sufficient tincture of

curcuma, and modify by the addition of enough cochineal color to
remove the bright yellow of the curcuma.
S-27. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF PINEAPPLE (CHEAP).
Cheaper extract of pineapple may be made by diluting either of

the preceding extracts with diluted alcohol.
S-28. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF RASPBERRY.
That which we have written concerning artificial flavoring

extract of strawberry may be applied to the flavoring extract of
raspberry. While some formulæ that we have seen are complex and
demand the use of rare ethers, we have not observed that the products
more nearly resemble the flavor of fresh raspberries than an extract
made of cheaper ingredients. We have not as yet found any mixture
that will more than remind us of the rich fragrance of the ripe, red
raspberry. Indeed, in the raspberry season the artificial imitations of
this fruit are far from being satisfactory, although they may be used
when the fruit is out of season. The formula for extract of strawberry is
usually adopted, we believe, as that of extract of raspberry, the
difference being that the color is intensified in the raspberry. However,
we have found the following process to give satisfaction in a
commercial way, and we therefore introduce it as a formula for
flavoring extract of raspberry:
Fluid extract of orris root,........2 fluidounces.

Acetic ether,................................ fluidounce.
Oil of cognac,.............................. ....... 10 drops.
Butyric ether,....................................... 5 drops.
Mix the ingredients, color to a dark red with tincture of

cochineal, and after a few days filter if necessary.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF ROSE.
This preparation should manifestly not be designed as the
flavor of a beverage. Although rose is a pleasant perfume, as a
flavoring for food or of a drink it seems to be out of place. However,
there is a demand for syrup of rose and also for flavoring extract of rose
for making syrups. The quality of this extract will be governed by the
fineness and amount of the oil of rose employed in making it, and the
purer the oil the better the flavor. The nearer this preparation can be
made to resemble the finest quality of rose the more nearly it fulfills
the object of its name. The following formula may be used in its
preparation .
In this connection we will call attention to our remarks
concerning the oils of lemon and orange, and add thereto that
commercial oil of rose may be obtained of various qualities and at as
many prices. Those who use a fine quality of oil will naturally find
their extract of rose superior to an extract made of the same quantity of
inferior oils; and in this matter it may be said that the fixing of
quantities in the formulæ that follow is to a considerable extent
guesswork, owing to the differences in the oils of rose of commerce.
S-29. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ROSE (BEST).
Oil of rose,.......................................... 20 drops.

Dissolve the oil of rose in the diluted alcohol and color with
cochineal color to suit the taste.
S-30. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ROSE (CHEAP).
Oil of rose,............................................ 5 drops.

Oil of rose geranium,....................... 10 drops.
Dissolve the oils in the diluted alcohol and color with
cochineal color to suit the taste.
S-31. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF SARSAPARILLA.
Oil of wintergreen,........................... ounce.

Oil of sassafras,........................... ....... ounce.
Caramel,...................................... a sufficient quantity.
Triturate the mixed oils with magnesium carbonate enough

to form a thick cream, then with the mixed alcohol and water, and
filter. To the filtrate add enough caramel to color dark brown.
This extract is designed to represent the drug neither in flavor
nor in quality, but, upon the contrary, is made up of flavors that have
been adopted and affixed to the syrup or beverage sold under the name
sarsaparilla, and is foreign altogether to the drug. It is used as a flavor
for mineral water beverages and soda syrups, and is a mixture of
wintergreen and sassafras, and its connection with sarsaparilla drug is
imaginary.
S-32. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF STRAWBERRY.
Fluid extract of orris root,........ fluidounce.

Acetic ether,................................1 fluidrachm.
Oil of cognac,.............................. ......... 5 drops.
Cochineal color,.........................a sufficient quantity.
Mix the ingredients well together. Color to a bright strawberry

red with the cochineal color, and after a few days filter if necessary.
Extracts of strawberry, as is well known, are made from mixtures of
ethers, and while the flavor is pleasant and often reminds one of
strawberry fruit, still we cannot say that the artificial flavors with
which we are acquainted compare with the odor of the fresh fruit.
They will answer for making syrups when the fruit is out of season or
when a true juice of the fruit cannot be obtained, but we must say that
we do not commend these artificial extracts as being representatives of
the fruit itself. The formulæ that we present are such as will produce
good trade extracts.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF VANILLA.
Vanilla extracts vary in quality in accordance with the

fineness of the vanilla bean that is used in making them. If the
operator desires a superior extract of vanilla, the bean employed as a
base must be good. We refer now to vanilla that is designed to be
unexcelled and that is made from vanilla. Much of the cheap extract of
the market is made from Tonka bean, coumarin, or other similar
aromatic flavors. It is often, perhaps, necessary for druggists to make
similar cheap extracts in order to compete with such commercial
preparations as are used in some confectioneries, and, in addition to an
extract of the best quality, he may desire to make an inferior brand for
cheap trade. We therefore give several formulæ, from which selection
may be readily made.
For a soda water flavor we commend the following:
S-33. FLAVORING VANILLA EXTRACT (FINE).
Vanilla, fine,...................................... ounce.

Sugar,about ....................................... ounce.
Alcohol, water,...........................of each a sufficient quantity.
Cut the vanilla beans transversely into thin slices, place in an

iron mortar, and by concussion, gradually adding sugar to absorb the
juice, crush the bean until reduced to the condition of a coarse powder.
Prepare a percolator for percolation, introduce the powder in the usual
manner, press gently, and cover with dilute alcohol (about twenty
fluidounces). When this liquid appears at the exit, cork the percolator
and allow maceration to progress for a period of twenty-four hours.
Then remove the stopper and allow the percolation to progress slowly
until one pint of tincture is obtained.
This extract is of a rich dark-brown color, and its quality will
be in accordance with that of the bean used in its manipulation. If the
operator uses stronger alcohol than we direct, the extract will be of a
much lighter color. True extract of vanilla improves in flavor and
aroma by age, and it is better to use that which has been made a month
or more.
S-34. FLAVORING VANILLA EXTRACT (CHEAP).
Balsam Peru,...................................... ounce.

Vanilla,............................................... ounce.
Sugar, alcohol, water, .............. of each a sufficient quantity.
Rub the balsam of Peru with magnesium carbonate sufficient

to make a powder. Cut and bruise the vanilla with the sugar as
directed in the preceding formula. Mix the two powders, pack in a
percolator, and exhaust in the usual manner (see preceding formula),
obtaining therefrom one pint of extract.
This extract is, in our opinion, to be preferred to flavoring
extract of vanilla that is strengthened with Tonka.
Vanilla,............................................... ounce.
Tonka,................................................. ounce.
Sugar, water, alcohol, .............. of each a sufficient quantity.
Reduce the beans to a powder with sugar, as directed in

formula No. 33, pack in a prepared percolator, and extract with dilute
alcohol, making one pint of the extract.
Tonka (or vanillons),............... ....... 1 ounce.

Balsam Peru,...................................... ounce.
Sugar, alcohol, water, of each a sufficient quantity.
Reduce the beans and balsam of Peru to a powder, as directed

in No. 34, and exhaust the mixture by percolation as directed therein.
Make one pint of extract.
It will be observed that this preparation can make no claim (if
made of Tonka) to the title of vanilla, and yet it is similar, in our
opinion, to some of the cheap extracts of “vanilla” of the market.
From the foregoing formulæ the operator can likely make a
selection to suit his taste or that of a patron. We would strongly urge,
however, that, if consulted in the matter, he recommend the product
of formula No. 33, and that, if desirous of building up a good and
permanent soda-water business, he use only an extract made of a fine
quality of vanilla bean.
S-37. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF WINTERGREEN.
Oil of wintergreen,....................1 fluidounce.

Mix them together.

This extract may be made of the fresh berries, but not of the
flavor strength produced by the foregoing formula. There is perhaps a
freshness in the extract that is made of the berries that is wanting in the
solution of the oil, but few persons, however, can procure fresh
wintergreen berries. In selecting oil of wintergreen, it is to be borne in
mind that the commercial oil is likely to be either oil of white birch or
synthetical oil.
SODA-WATER SYRUPS.
The foundation of most of these syrups is either simple syrup

or rock-candy syrup. The latter of these can now be purchased in every
American city, and, although it is a little more expensive than simple
syrup, many pharmacists prefer it to that preparation. Rock-candy
syrup is not prone to crystallize, and many believe its sweetening
power to be enough superior to that of syrup made of sugar to repay the
price of substitution. Again, in the rush of a busy season the druggist
often has neither the time nor the conveniences to make the large bulk
of syrup necessary to supply his demand, and the ready-made rock-
candy syrup of the market is then a convenience.
Simple syrup made according to the U. S. P. is too thick for use
as a soda syrup. It is difficult to mix it with the carbonated water, and it
sticks to the glass. For a simple soda syrup the following formula has
stood the test of years:
S-38. SIMPLE SYRUP (SODA SYRUP).
Pure white sugar,.......................35 (avoirdupois) pounds.

Distilled water,................................... 20 pints.
Pour the water into a kettle, add the sugar, and bring the
mixture to a boil, stirring constantly. Then remove from the fire and
strain while hot.
This syrup will neither crystallize in cold nor ferment in
warm weather.
(The addition of certain vegetable extractives will cause any simple syrup to ferment.)
Either rock-candy syrup, or simple syrup made according to
the foregoing formula, can be used in the formulæ that follow when
“syrup” is commended.
S-39. SYRUP OF ALMOND OR PEACH.

Flavoring extract of almond (peach), fluidounce.
Mix them together.

S-40. CHOCOLATE SYRUP.
Flavoring extract of chocolate,4 fluidounces.

Syrup, . . . . . . 12 fluidounces
Mix them together.

This syrup is brown and unsightly.
S-41. SYRUP OF COFFEE.

Flavoring extract of coffee,...... 4 fluidounces.
Syrup,........................................... 12 fluidounces
Mix them together.
S-42. SYRUP OF COFFEE.
Coffee (Java),...............................8 troyounces.

Sugar,........................................... 20 troyounces
Boiling water,.............................a sufficient amount.
Percolate the coffee with the hot water until ten fluid ounces
of percolate are obtained, and in the percolate dissolve the sugar.
S-43. SYRUP OF GINGER.
Flavoring extract of ginger,..... 1 fluidounce.

Mix them together.

This syrup is likely to be unsightly from the presence of finely
divided resin. It is also too peppery for some persons, and must be
made with less ginger than is called for by our formula. The formula
that follows is more mild and yields a transparent product.
S-44. SYRUP OF GINGER.
Soluble extract of ginger,..........2 fluidounces.

Syrup,........................................... 30 fluidounces
Mix them together.
S-45. SYRUP OF LEMON.
Syrup,........................................... ...........1 pint.

Flavoring extract of lemon,.....2 fluidrachms.
Citric acid,......................................... 1 drachm.
Curcuma color, water, frothing
liquid, (see S-67 through S-70)..of each a sufficient amount.
Dissolve the powdered citric acid in one-half fluidounce of

water, add to the syrup, and then add the extract, frothing liquid, and
enough curcuma color to bring to a lemon-yellow color. By referring to
our remarks concerning lemon extract the operator will find that the
quality of syrup of lemon depends upon the quality of the lemon
extract employed in making it. Since we give several formulæ, choice
thereof is readily made.
S-46. SYRUP OF NECTARINE.
Flavoring extract of nectarine,...1 fluidounce.

Mix them together.
S-47. SYRUP OF ORANGE.
Syrup,........................................... ...........1 pint.

Flavoring extract of orange,.... 2 fluidrachms.
Citric acid,........................................ 1 drachm.
Curcuma color, water, frothing
liquid,......................................of each a sufficient amount.
Dissolve the powdered citric acid in one half fluidounce of
water, add to the syrup, and then add the extract, frothing liquid, and
enough curcuma color, modified by a small amount of cochineal color,
to bring to an orange-yellow color. By referring to our remarks
concerning orange extract, the operator will find that the quality of
syrup of orange depends upon the quality of the orange extract
employed in making it. Since we give several formulæ, choice thereof
is readily made.
S-48. SYRUP OF BLOOD ORANGE.
Syrup of blood or red orange is not distinguished from the

foregoing excepting by its color. To make it, color the syrup of orange
with cochineal color until it is of a rich red color.
S-49. SYRUP OF PINE:APPLE.
Syrup,........................................... ...........1 pint.

Flavoring extract of pineapple,1 fluidrachm.
Curcuma color, frothing liquid,
.........................................of each a sufficient amount.
Mix the simple syrup and the extract of pineapple, color the
liquid appropriately with tincture of curcuma, and then add the
frothing liquid.
S-50. SYRUP OF RASPBERRY.
Flavoring extract of raspberry,...2 fluidrachms.

Simple syrup,............................. ...........1 pint.
Cochineal color, frothing liquid,
.............................................of each a sufficient amount.
Mix the extract with the syrup, color with an appropriate

amount of cochineal color, and add the frothing liquid if desirable.
S-51. SYRUP OF ROSE.
Flavoring extract of rose,......... 1 fluidounce.

Syrup,........................................... ............1 pint.
Mix them together and color red with cochineal color.
S-52. SYRUP OF SARSAPARILLA.
Flavoring extract of sarsaparilla,...1 fluidounce.

Syrup,........................................... ............1 pint.
Mix them together and color dark brown with caramel.

@
S-53. SYRUP OF STRAWBERRY.
Flavoring extract of strawberry,...2 fluidrachms.

Simple syrup,............................. ...........1 pint.
Cochineal color, frothing liquid,
..............................................of each a sufficient amount.
Mix the extract with the syrup, color with an appropriate

amount of cochineal color, and add the frothing liquid if desirable.
S-54. SYRUP OF VANILLA.
Syrup,........................................... ...........1 pint.

Flavoring extract of vanilla,....2 fluidrachms.
Caramel, cochineal color, frothing
liquid,..............................of each a sufficient amount.
Mix the extract and the syrup, then add caramel and cochineal
color enough to give a clear red brown, and finally add the frothing
liquid.
By referring to our remarks on flavoring extract of vanilla, it
will be seen that the quality of syrup of vanilla depends on the quality
of the extract employed in making it. The operator can, therefore,
select as his judgment dictates, but our experience is to the effect that
the extract made of prime long vanilla is best suited to build up a
business and retain it.
In like manner other soda syrups may be extemporaneously
prepared by mixing together flavoring extracts and syrup. It is
unnecessary for us to consume space with details that will suggest
themselves to every druggist.
CREAM SYRUPS.
These syrups have long been favorites, and when made of
pure fresh milk are delicious. In former times they were made with
much care and replenished daily. Now we learn that condensed milk
is often substituted for fresh milk, and simple syrup is mixed
therewith. The formulæ that follow are such as were used thirty years
ago, and in our judgment have no superiors.
S-55. CREAM SYRUP (ORANGE CREAM).
Milk,......................................................1 quart.
Sugar,........................................... .. 2 pounds.
Dissolve the sugar in the milk by the aid of a gentle heat,

stirring constantly, strain, and when cool add four fluidrachms of
flavoring extract of orange and enough curcuma color to bring to a rich
cream color. This syrup must be freshly made each day.
S-56. NECTAR SYRUP (NECTAR CREAM).
Milk,1 quart.
Sugar,2 pounds.
Dissolve the sugar in the milk by the aid of a gentle heat,

stirring constantly, strain, and when cool add four fluidrachms of
flavoring extract of best vanilla (or nectar) and enough cochineal color
to bring to a deep pink. This syrup must be freshly made every day.
FRUIT SYRUPS.
In recent years fruit juices have largely replaced some of the
artificial flavors of former times. These juices are manufactured in
large amounts by experienced men, and druggists usually find it better
to purchase them than to attempt their manipulation. They produce
delicious syrups, and, in our opinion, are very much to be preferred to
most of the ordinary imitation syrups that are made of artificial ethers.
Full directions for making syrups accompany them, and we need not,
therefore, consider these substances in detail. While we do not
recommend an attempt at manufacturing these juices generally in a
small way, we believe it often judicious for the apothecary to make
syrups direct from some of the juicy fruits when they are plentiful and
in season. The following are suggested if the respective fruit is
abundant and cheap; if not, it is better to purchase fruit juices on the
market and make the syrup therefrom*.
*Men who devote their entire attention to these problems become expert, and even learn
to make close imitations of natural juices by artificial methods. Their knowledge is
gained at the expense of much study and experiment, and represents heavy investments,
and it is needless to observe that detailed results are not distributed promiscuously .
S-57. BLACKBERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Heat ripe blackberries to the boiling point and express the

juice. To four pints of juice add six pounds of sugar, dissolve by heat,
and bottle securely while hot. It must be kept in a cool, dark location.
S-58. RASPBERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Heat ripe berries to the boiling point and express the juice. To
four pints of juice add six pounds of sugar, dissolve by heat, and bottle
securely while hot. It must be kept in a cool, dark location.
S-59. STRAWBERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Heat ripe berries to the boiling point and express the juice. To
S-60. CHERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Heat ripe fruit to the boiling point and express the juice. To
S-61. GRAPE (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Heat ripe fruit to the boiling point and express the juice. To
S-61. PINEAPPLE (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Wash and then slice the pineapples thinly, without removing

the peel; then mix therewith one pound of sugar for each pound of
fruit, and occasionally stir the mixture for two or three days, then
squeeze the syrup therefrom and bottle it.
S-63. QUINCE (FRUIT) SYRUP.
Quarter and seed the quinces without removing the peel.

Slice thinly, and mix therewith one pound of sugar for each pound of
fruit, and occasionally stir the mixture for two or three days, then add
some water if too thick, and squeeze the syrup therefrom and bottle it.
Most persons peel such fruits as pineapple and quince, and thereby lose
the rich aroma which mostly resides in the peel. Quince especially
becomes insipid if peeled.
Other fruit syrups can be made of juicy fruits by similar
methods.
WINE SYRUPS.
These artful compounds of liquors are in our opinion neither
calculated to encourage a desirable trade nor promote the general
welfare of the community. Whether we are believers in alcoholic
beverages or not, we must all admit that the drug-store is not the place
for tippling. Some of the most pronounced opponents of “wine
syrups“ are to be found among men who uphold the liquor traffic in its
lawful sphere. In our opinion, apothecaries may very consistently
refuse to supply such flavors, and in many instances, when they are
furnished, the act is apparently one of thoughtlessness on the part of
the proprietor. The soda fountain of a drug-store, it seems to us, is
designed as a location where the families of our patrons may obtain
harmless beverages and refreshing drinks, and it seems to be a breach
of trust to confront them indiscriminately with liquors and wines,
sweetened and flavored to better suit the taste of children and beget an
appetite therefore.*
*In my former experience (see Introduction) I well remember a curious occurrence in this
direction. An officer of the army asked me for brandy and soda water: I informed him
that it was against the rules of the store to furnish liquors. He abused me roundly, and
finally Mr. Gordon came to my rescue and told him plainly that he must go to a saloon if
he wanted liquor. Afterward he returned and apologized to me for his violent language
and complimented the management of the establishment.
“TONIC” SYRUPS.
We cannot too strongly condemn the indiscriminate use of
nervines in the form of beverages. Perhaps there may be an excuse for
the affixing of a name only to a fanciful, harmless syrup, the name
reminding one of a remedy, and yet it seems as though the use or
imaginary use of medicines should be left to the discretion of
physicians.
Such “tonics” even as solution of phosphate of calcium in
acid water, so fashionable in some instances at present, may better be
left to the discretion of physician prescribers who understand the
systemic condition of the “debilitated.” It seems to us as though much
injury may result in the continued drinking of phosphoric acid and
other medicines by persons who do not need such substances, and who
simply imagine that they should " take a tonic."
The same remarks apply to “iron tonics” and “calisaya tonics,”
and other similar syrups; and while “syrup of beef extract” may do no
harm, it seems to us enough out of place as a beverage to give even a
man in health the horrors and a dislike for beef tea in its proper place.
We may, with our views of this matter expressed, be pardoned for
omitting formulæ for such compounds.
COLORS.
Throughout this work various substances for coloring are

occasionally commended. They are, or should be, harmless, and are
necessary adjuncts, for the public taste must be pampered in the way of
bringing certain syrups to resemble the colors of the fruits that they are
designed to imitate. It is important that these colors should be
innocuous, and luckily the shades desired can be easily obtained. At
the present time beautiful, concentrated red, yellow, green, and other
colors can be purchased of dealers in essential oils, and are warranted
free from any poison or objectionable impurity, and may be substituted
for those we commend. The colors we direct may be made as follows
(natural fruit syrups do not demand artificial colors).
S-64. SOLUTION OF COCHINEAL (CARMINE).
This preparation has been used some years by the writer in

preference to any “tincture” of cochineal. The fat in cochineal causes
such preparations to putrefy in warm weather; and to extract the fat by
means of ether from the powdered cochineal, previous to tincturing it,
is expensive and tedious. The term “tincture of cochineal” is scarcely
appropriate as applied to the aqueous solutions made of cochineal,
cream of tartar, and alum, and, as the object is simply to secure a
coloring matter, the term might with equal propriety be applied to our
solution of carmine, made as follows:
Carmine, No. 40,............................. 60 grains.

Distilled water, glycerin,.......... of each 4 ounces.
Ammonia water,.......................a sufficient quantity.
Powder the carmine and triturate with the water, gradually

adding ammonia water until the carmine disappears and a dark red
liquid, free from insoluble matter, remains. To this add the glycerin
and mix. Should this solution ever become murky, a little ammonia
water will restore its transparency.
Solution of carmine is necessarily alkaline and cannot be
employed to color acid liquids. For all neutral or alkaline solutions it is
admirable, and for soda-water syrups is far preferable to aniline red.
S-65. CURCUMA [TURMERIC] (YELLOW).
Macerate four ounces of good curcuma in a pint of alcohol,

shaking occasionally for seven days, then filter.
S-66. CARAMEL [BURNT SUGAR] (BROWN).
In a capacious iron kettle, over a direct fire, melt a pound of

sugar, and increase the temperature until empty reumatic vapors have
been freely driven off and the residue has acquired a deep black color.
Then remove from this fire, allow to partially cool, and gradually and
cautiously stir two pints of hot water into it.
This operation must be performed in the open air or over a
good flue, for the vapors are very irritating when inhaled. Caution
must also be employed in pouring the water into the hot mass, for if it
be very hot the material will be thrown violently from the kettle by the
sudden expansion of steam. If caramel is only wanted in small
amount, it is best to purchase it.
FROTHING LIQUIDS.
In some cases it is desirable that a syrup should froth
considerably. Judgment, however, must be employed in adding the
frothing liquid, as well as drawing the carbonated water into the syrup,
for some syrups are naturally inclined to foam too much. Among our
formulæ we occasionally direct the use of a frother, and the operator
can select from the following that which best suits his taste.
S-68. The white of one egg added to a quart of the

syrup specified.
S-68. One ounce of mucilage of acacia added to a

quart of the syrup.
S-69. Two drachms of tincture of soap bark (quillaya)

added to a quart of the syrup.
The first and second of these have been in use for a long time;
the last is a comparatively recent addition. That the first and second
are both harmless is evident, and we have as yet heard no complaints
concerning tincture of quillaya.
S-70. TINCTURE OF SOAP BARK (QUILLAYA).
Take of ground or powdered quillaya,..4 ounces.

Alcohol, water,...........................of each a sufficient amount.
Moisten the quillaya with a mixture of alcohol two ounces,

water fourteen ounces, and, having allowed the moistened powder to
stand an hour to expand, pack it loosely in a percolator. Cover with
menstruum, and when it appears at the exit of the percolator cork the
exit and allow the mixture to macerate from twelve to twenty-four
hours. Then continue the percolation until one pint of tincture be
obtained.
This tincture is of an opalescent color and is likely to
precipitate by age; it should be kept in a cool locality. It can be made
clear by increasing the proportion of alcohol in the menstruum, but
this increase of alcohol is at the expense of the frothing power of the
product. The larger the amount of alcohol the less its comparative
value as a froth producer. One ounce of the foregoing tincture is
sufficient for a gallon of syrup.
FANCIFUL TITLES.
Recent years have introduced a number of fanciful titles for

syrups, such as “tutti-frutti,”' etc., and it is not uncommon to find the
advantages of such syrups individualized and boldly advertised by
means of great placards. These we are not expected to consider, as both
the names and the mixtures are purely fanciful, and all druggists are at
liberty to formulate a name designed to strike the public, and make for
the name a mixture of flavors to suit their fancy.

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John Uri Lloyd (c.

John Uri Lloyd, 1929, at eighty

Pictures from The American Druggist, January, 1929

WERE pharmacists united in opposition to elixirs, and

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISED

DEAR FRIEND:—In reply to your inquiry concerning the

of the article (al or el) and .

, " the making of the iksÎr,,"both meaning

By referring to the letter of Dr. Rice it will be seen that at an

An Explication of Characters used in this Book."

He originated the “Elixir Proprietatis,” stating that it was so potent as

ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS WITH DISTILLED VINEGAR.

“Take choice aloes, saffron, and myrrh, of each half an ounce,

“Thus we obtain an acid, aromatic medicine, of great use in

Through the eighteenth century elixirs were numerous, and

ELIXIR SALUTIS gave us Compound Tincture of Senna.

In connection with this phase of the elixir question, we find

One of the popular elixirs of the present day is advertised to

“CORDIAL ELIXIR OF QUININE.

“This excellent preparation is particularly recommended to

The first of these trade preparations which the writer can

It was of a beautiful red color, nicely flavored, and very

In 1872 Professor C. Lewis Diehl contributed an interesting

“Resolved, That the report be adopted, with the

At the meeting of the Society which followed, in Louisville,

“Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed, to whom

At the next meeting, 1875, the committee reported a number

Fluid extract of orange peel,....j fluidounces

Mix the fluid extracts and evaporate them to one-half of their

2. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM.

Bromide of ammonium,......... .... 640 grains.

Dissolve the bromide of ammonium in the simple elixir, and

Aloes,...............................3 troy ounces

Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate in the

4. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM.

Valerianate of ammonium........ 256 grains.

Dissolve the valerianate of ammonium in twelve fluid

Valerianic acid,...........................1 fluidrachm.

Dilute the valerianic acid with one-half fluidounces of water,

SOLUTION OF CARMINE.—This preparation has been used some twelve

5. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONIDINE .

Cinchonidine (alkaloid), ............. 128 grains.

Triturate the cinchonidine in a mortar with acetic acid in

6. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium

Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium

Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in

8. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium

Mix them together.

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium

Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in

10. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONINE.

Cinchonine (alkaloid), ............ .... 128 grains.

Triturate the cinchonine in a mortar with the acetic acid in

Elixir of valerianate of ammonium with

Mix them together. Use precautions suggested with elixir of