CC Adaptation

Climate Change Adaptation
Plan for South East Queensland

2014-2034
A strong economy,
a protected natural environment
and thriving interconnected communities
Page 0
Limitless Designs Consultancy
Executive Summary
In the near future rapid population growth
Following this, the strategic framework has
and climate change (CC) are predicted to
outlined the goals and objectives of the
heavily impact the South East Queensland
relevant key issue areas, which provides
(SEQ) region. Five areas of concern have been
strategic
identified as being most important to the
implementation. To calculate the success of
region In terms of adapting to the predicted
CCAPSEQ the strategic framework has been
impacts. These five key issue areas are:
evaluated against the South East Queensland
Agriculture, Tourism, Natural Environment,
Regional Plans (2009-2031) community vision
Water Management and Transport. This
and the International Panel on Climate
Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2014-2034
Change (IPCC) Scenario A1B.
(CCAPSEQ) aims to provide direction for SEQ

to adapt to CC and rapid population growth,
ultimately
ensuring
the
economic,
environmental and social sustainability of

SEQ. The plan is designed to improve public
awareness and promote debate on the key
issue areas proposed within this document.
direction
for
successful
In summary, this plan has explored strategies

for managing the regional landscape of SEQ
against climate change and rapid population
growth. The plan has directly accounted for
the changes predicted by the IPCC, and the
community
Queensland
vision
of
the
Regional
this
East
2009-2031.
This document provides a background study
Ultimately
including the environmental attributes, key
direction for the SEQ region to successfully
linkages and issues of the SEQ region as well
manage and adapt to the pressures of climate
as the evaluation of the current management
change and rapid population growth whilst
frameworks and relevant stakeholders.
protecting
the
plan
Plan
South
provides
regions
strategic
environmentally
sensitive areas.
Page1i
List of Abbreviatoins
CC
Climate Change
CCAPSEQ
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for South East Queensland 2014-2034
CCAPSEQ Vol. II
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for South East Queensland 2014-2034 Vol. II
DAFF
Department Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
DEHP
Department of Environment and Heritage protection
DEWS
Department of Energy and Water Supply
DNPRSR
Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing
DNRM
Department of Natural Resource Management
DSDIP
Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning
DTESB
Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and the

Commonwealth Games
DTMR
Department of Transport and Main Roads
EA
Endophytic Actinobacteria
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
GM
Genetically Modified
Ha
Hectare
HSR
High Speed Rail
IPPC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Km
Kilometre
NSW
New South Wales
PT
Public Transport
QLD
Queensland
SEQ
South East Queensland
SEQRP
South East Queensland Regional Plan
SLR
Sea Level Rise
SPA
Sustainable Planning Act 2009
SRES
Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
Per Cent
Dollars
Page 1
Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ i
List of Abbreviatoins ............................................................................................................................. 1
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... 3
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.0
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.0
South East Queensland Background Study ............................................................................... 5
2.1
South East Queensland Environmental Attributes and Linkages ........................................... 5
2.2
Identification of Key Issue Areas ............................................................................................. 8
2.3
Current Management Frameworks ....................................................................................... 10
2.4
Stakeholder Analysis ............................................................................................................. 10
3.0
Vision for South East Queensland 2034 .................................................................................. 11
4.0
Strategic Framework for South East Queensland ................................................................... 12
4.1
Agriculture Strategic Framework .......................................................................................... 13
4.1.1
4.2
Tourism Strategic Framework ............................................................................................... 18
4.2.1
4.3
Water Management Strategy implementation Timeline .............................................. 33
Transport ............................................................................................................................... 34
4.5.1
5.0
Natural Environment Strategy Implementation Timeline ............................................. 28
Water Management .............................................................................................................. 30
4.4.1
4.5
Tourism Strategy Implementation Timeline .................................................................. 22
Natural Environment ............................................................................................................. 23
4.3.1
4.4
Agriculture Strategy Implementation Timeline ............................................................. 17
Transport Strategy Implementation Timeline ............................................................... 38
Strategic Framework Evaluation.............................................................................................. 40
5.1.
IPCC ....................................................................................................................................... 40
5.2.
Community Vision ................................................................................................................. 42
6.0
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 43
Glossary ............................................................................................................................................... 44
References ........................................................................................................................................... 47
Picture Credits ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Page 2
List of Tables
Table 1. Priority Timeline for Implementation of Agriculture Strategies ........................................... 17
Table 2. Priority Timeline for Implementation of Tourism Strategies ................................................ 22
Table 3. Priority Timeline for Implementation of Natural Environment Strategies ........................... 29
Table 4. Priority Timeline for Implementation of Water Management Strategies ............................ 33
Table 5. Priority Timeline for Implementation of Transport Strategies ............................................. 38
List of Figures
Figure 1. South East Quensland Environmental Attributes .................................................................. 6
Figure 2. Social, Economic and Ecological Linkages in South EastQueensland .................................... 7
Figure 3. Major Issues in South East Queensland ................................................................................. 9
Figure 4. Spatial Strategy Map for South East Queensland ................................................................ 39
Figure 5. Spatial Strategy Map for South East Queensland ................................................................ 39
Figure 6. SRES GHG Predicted Emission Scenarios ............................................................................. 41
Page 3
1.0
Introduction
SEQ is currently experiencing the highest rate
most important to the region in responding to
of
rapid
population
growth
in
Queensland,
population
growth
and
CC
are:
accounting for 69% of total growth in the
State over the last decade.
Water Management and Transport.
The projected
The
population estimates a growth from the
strategic framework that identifies goals,
current 3.2 million to 5.1 million by 2031 (ABS
objectives and strategies for each key issue
2012; Queensland Government 2012). This
area follows this section. This strategic
rapid population growth will place pressure
framework has been evaluated against the
on both infrastructure and services within
IPCC scenario, as well as the regional vision
SEQ. The risks associated with climate change
for SEQ.
such as; increasing temperatures, sea level

rise and increased frequency and severity of
extreme weather events will significantly
affect the region
The purpose of CCAPSEQ is to provide
strategic direction for decision makers in
responding to the issues of rapid population
growth and climate change. Accompanying
CCAPSEQ is the Climate Change Adaptation
Plan for SEQ Volume II (CCAPSEQ Vol. II),
providing detailed information regarding key
issues, environmental assessments, strategies
and relevant case studies.
CCAPSEQ provides a background study of
SEQs regional attributes, environmentally
significant areas and important economic,
environmental and transport linkages Key
issue areas that were identified as being the
Page 4
Strategic
Planning
Process
Phase 1:
Preliminary SEQ
Scoping Study
2.0 SEQ Background Study

2.1
SEQ Environmental Attributes and Linkages
SEQ region is home to more than two-thirds of the total population for
Phase 2:
Background Study
on SEQ
the State of Queensland and is governed by 12 local councils. SEQ

includes various environmentally significant areas; Figure 1 highlights
the key environmental, transport networks, infrastructure and rural
production areas. A prosperous and developing economy derived from
Phase 3:
Research Solutions
and Goal
Identification
tourism, agriculture and mining provides increasing employment

opportunities within SEQ. Figure 1 illustrates the key business and
employment centres that are connected through strong East-West and
North-South transport networks.
Flows of passengers to and from these key activity centres are depicted
in Figure 2, which displays the major social, economic, and ecological
Phase 4:
Development of
Strategic Policy
Framework
linkages throughout SEQ. The urban footprint of SEQs built

environment is the leading cause of broken linkages and fragmented
habitats throughout the region. Natural habitats provide significant
inter-linkages between social and economic sectors as the SEQ
economy is strongly built upon its natural environment (SEQ
Phase 5:
Climate Change
Adaptation Plan for
SEQ 2014-2034
Page 5
Catchments 2013). The water grid ensures the demand of the current
SEQ population is met, and provides distribution of storage for future
use (SEQ Water 2013).
Key
Key
Transport Networks
Airports
Railway lines
Major roads
Seaport
Water
Major dams
Water bodies
Ecological significant marine areas
Coastlines
Gold Coast desalination plant
Land Use
Urban footprint
Rural living areas
Rural production areas
Mining
Areas of high ecological significance
State forests and conservation areas
Key business and employment areas
Source: Limitless Designs Consultancy 2014
Figure 1. SEQ Environmental Attributes
Page 6
Key
Transport Networks
Airports
Railway lines
Major roads
Seaport
Social Infrastructure
Major water sources for SEQ
Gold Coast Desalination Plant
SEQ Water Grid
Power Station
Major Land Use Areas
Ecologically significant areas
Urban footprint
Key business and employment area
Linkages
Passenger movements
Ecological movements
Ecological barriers and disconnections
International and domestic passenger connections
International and Domestic trade movements
Figure 2. Social, Economic and Ecological Linkages in SEQ
Page 7
2.2
Identification of Key Issue

Areas
Through
analysing
SEQs
environmental
attributes and linkages, a list of issue areas

was identified. These issue areas were
assessed against scoping criteria in relation to
the effects of CC and rapid population growth
as well as their conformity to SEQs regional
landscape values and its importance to the
future SEQ. (CCAPSEQ vol. II, 2.3). The five key
issue areas in SEQ were identified as;
An
environmental
was
undertaken to identify the major issues of

each key issue area (CCAPSEQ vol. II, 2.4).
The issues of rapid population growth and
climate
change
environmental
identified
assessment
in
are
the
shown
spatially on Figure 3. Major issues of concern

for the key issue areas include:
Encroachment of urban footprint on

rural production areas.

Water Management and Transport.
assessment
Temporal
changes
in
weather
affecting seasonal patronage.
Coastal inundation and erosion along

SEQs coastline.
Increasing demand on drinking water

supply.
Peak
oil
affecting
fuel
and
transportation costs.
Further detail on the background study

including,
environmental
attributes
and
linkages, issue identification, scoping criteria

and environmental assessment can be found
in CCAPSEQ Vol. II.
Page 8
Key
Transport Networks
Airports
Railway lines
Major road
Seaport
Congestion of transport networks
Land Use Areas
Urban encroachment areas
Key business and employment growth areas
Public Infrastructure
Gold Coast desalination plant
SEQ water grid
Power stations
Natural Environment
Ecological barriers and disconnections
Ecologically vulnerable area
Areas of high ecological significance
Eroded agricultural area
Coastal vulnerability to extreme weather events
Coastal vulnerability to sea level intrusion
Ecologically significant marine area
Figure 3. Major Issues in SEQ
Page 9
2.3
Current Management
Frameworks
2.4
current
management
delivering a publically accepted document. A
framework for SEQ consists of the State
list of relevant government, and non-
Planning Policy 2013, SEQRP 2009 and the
government
Sustainable Planning Act 2009 (SPA). These
Stakeholders
documents discuss climate change and rapid
influence and level of interest in each key
population growth issues linking concerns to
issue area was assessed in order to identify
relevant non-statutory documents such as the
the most important. DSDIP has a high interest
SEQ Water Strategy 2010 and the SEQ Rural
in all key issue areas due to its high level of
Futures Strategy 2009.
legislative
The
Through
statutory
evaluation
State
Government
agencies such as Department of State

Development Infrastructure and Planning
(DSDIP) and Department Transport and Main
Roads
(DTMR)
departments
for
are
the
growth
preeminent
management,
planning and promoting the States economy.

Assessment of SEQs current management
frameworks revealed that the SEQ Water
Strategy 2010 and the SEQ Rural Futures
Strategy 2009 that performed well against the
criteria.
number
plans
performed
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder involvement is necessary in
stakeholders
type
power.
of
Also
was
power,
compiled.
level
of
Non-Government
stakeholders such as Landcare and Marine

QLD
represent
individuals,
groups
and
community organisations in the decision

making process. Policies rarely please all
stakeholders, often stakeholders clash with
one another due to conflicting interests. For
example,
DTMR
and
Department
of
Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP)

conflict on the key issue area of Natural
Environment due to DTMR being primarily
concerned with transport efficiency, clashing
with the DEHPs environmental position.
inadequately in terms of adapting to CC and

rapid population growth failing to support the
economy through agriculture and tourism,
protect the natural environment and support
the connection for communities.
Further
detail
frameworks
on
and
current
management
stakeholder
analysis,
including evaluation matrix and relevant

tables can be found in CCAPSEQ Vol. II (2.5,
2.6).
Page 10
3.0
Vision for SEQ 2034
The CCAPSEQ provides strategies for adapting
To combat the above challenges the CCAPSEQ
to the challenges brought about by climate
has identified the following approaches for
change and rapid population growth. These
the region:
challenges include encroachment on regional

agriculture, damage to current and future
infrastructure, tourism sustainability, potable
water
supply
and
natural
environment
conservation.
SEQ will be an
economically,
environmentally, socially
and sustainable region that
will adapt to a changing
climate and meet the
demand of a rapidly
growing population. The
region will consist of a
strong economy, a
protected natural
environment and thriving
interconnected
communities.
Page 11
Reducing peri-urban growth.
Diversification of tourism industry into

the regional landscape of SEQ.
Improving the natural character of

SEQ.
Minimising development on scenic

amenity regions.
Increasing renewable energy

production.
Preservation of the natural

environment.
Increasing water capacity.
Rising public transportation usage.
The CCAPSEQ has been developed with the

most up to date research and policies. The
Plan will lead SEQ into a sustainable future,
increasing the quality of life for its residents
whilst delivering a stronger economy.
4.0
Strategic Framework for SEQ

In order to achieve CCAPSEQs vision for the
region, key goals were identified based on
Agriculture
thorough research concerning the challenges

and issues threatening SEQ over the next 20
years (2034). This section outlines objectives
Tourism
which provide measurable targets for the

proposed strategies. Through researching
case studies, strategies have been designed to
achieve goals and the CCAPSEQ vision
Natural
Environment
(CCAPSEQ
Vol.
II,
framework
provides
Queensland
State
4.0).
The
direction
strategic
for
Government,
the
local
governments, the wider community and
Water
Management
private sectors.
Each strategy has been represented in a
priority timeline within its relevant key issue
area section, as well as where possible
represented spatially on Figure 4.
Transport
Page 12
4.1
Agriculture Strategic
Framework
Climate change impacts on the agricultural

industry include soil erosion and degradation,
The agricultural industry is a vital sector of
changing precipitation patterns and natural
SEQ as it is an economic driver for the region.
disasters (in particular floods and droughts)
The industry generates $1.2 billion to the
(CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.4.1). Specific impacts on
QLDs economy, accounting for 12.6% of the
agriculture from rapid population growth are
QLDs
urban
gross
domestic
product
(GDP)
encroachment
and
an
increased
(Queensland Government A 2012). The
demand for produce.
agricultural industry also plays a major role in
To resolve these issues CCAPSEQ responds to
the survival of rural towns and villages due to
the overall vision of an economically,
it being the main employer of the regional
environmentally
workforce (Lockyer Valley Regional Council
agriculture industry that will successfully
2013).The Lockyer Valley is well known
adapt to both a changing climate and a
throughout Australia for its high quality fruit
rapidly
and vegetables and is constantly referred to
objectives and strategies outlined in this
as SEQs Salad Bowl, supplying 45% of fruit
section will provide a strategic direction for
and vegetables to SEQ consumers and
implementation ultimately providing a strong
exporting 35% of irrigated vegetables to the
economy for SEQ. All strategies in this section
rest of Queensland (Lockyer Valley Regional
(unless stated otherwise) will be implemented
Council 2013). Beef farming is a prominent
by the DAFF and DSDIP with support from
sector in the industry with various abattoirs
other major stakeholders such as Agforce QLD
operating in Gatton and Ipswich.
and QLD Famers Federation (CCAPSEQ Vol. II,
growing
and
socially
population.
sustainable
The
goals,
2.6).
Page 13
1. Agriculture
Goal:
A1. Create an economically sustainable agriculture industry.
Objective
A1.1
Increase the gross
output of regional
agricultural production
40% by 2034.
Strategies
A1.1.1
Support farmers in
expansion of rural
production in SEQ.
A1.1.2
Fresh produce
marketing campaigns.
Explanatory notes:
A1.1.1 Expansion of Rural Production
The strategy will be implemented in rural production areas of
Lockyer Valley and Scenic Rim. A1.1.1 will include information
seminars for farmers on how to successfully expand their business
and what type of farming they should invest in such as fruit and
vegetables, genetically modified (GM) crops and beef farming. A
concern of A1.1.1 is gaining initial support and funding from other
stakeholders and cooperation with farmers that want to expand their
business.
A1.1.2 Fresh Produce Marketing Campaign
The campaign will promote the high quality fruit, vegetables, meat
and grains that come from SEQs rural production area. It will cover
all media outlets (TV/newspaper/radio) as well as in store with the
cooperation of local shops and national supermarket chains.
Objective
A1.2
Maintain 100% of rural
production land in SEQ
by 2034.
Strategies
A1.2.1
Prevent urban
development on rural
production land.
Implications of A1.1.2 include the cost of the program and obtaining

initial support from major stakeholders to fund the marketing
campaign.
A1.2.1 Urban Development Restriction & A1.2.2 Green Belt
Legislation will be developed to prevent further urban expansion into
rural production areas. The legislation will be implemented in the
priority agricultural area of Lockyer Valley which is currently under
threat from urban expansion. A major concern for A1.2.1 & A1.2.2 is
A1.2.2
Legislate to prevent
urban expansion on
having no support from the public and other competing developers.

To avoid this, several public education and consultation programs
will be set up to find solutions for any problems the public or private
businesses might have.
Page 14
1. Agriculture
Goal:
Objective
A2.1
Reduce soil erosion in
rural production areas
70% by 2034.
Strategies
A2.1.1
Conservation till and no
till farming programs.
A2. Sustainable land and water management practices

in rural production areas.
Explanatory notes:
A2.1.1 Conservation Till Program
Conservation till and no till farming programs are to be implemented
in rural production areas that have a high rate of soil erosion. These
include farms located near Toowoomba and surrounding the Lockyer
Valley and Scenic Rim catchments. A problem of the program is an
increase in labor costs due to the increased attention of weed
control and replenishing soil nitrogen. To mitigate this problem, the
use of eco-friendly herbicides will eradicate weeds whilst using
leguminous crops in a crop rotation cycle will replenish soil nitrogen
(see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.2.1, 4.2.2).
Objective
A2.2
Increase water
efficiency by 25% in
A2.2.1 Sustainable Irrigation Program
Strategies
A2.2.1
Rebates on sustainable
irrigation systems.
Implications of A2.1.2 include not having enough funds to cover the
Page 15
Rebates on sustainable irrigation systems will be available for all

farmers that are located in rural production areas. Water metres will
be installed into the irrigation system to measure water usage.
rebates and no support from farmers and stakeholders (see case

study CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.2.3).
1. Agriculture
Goal:
A3. Improve agricultural resilience to flooding and droughts.
Objective
A3.1
Reduce to the amount
of produce lost to
flooding in SEQ 40% by
2034.
Strategies
A3.1.1
Increase buffer widths
for flood prone rivers.
Explanatory notes:
A3.1.1 Increased Buffer Widths
The legislation will be first implemented in rural production areas of
importance such as farms surrounding the Lockyer creek in Lockyer
Valley and then extended to the rest of the region. A concern with
implementing A3.1.1 is having a backlash from farmers surrounding
the flood prone rivers which will lead to minimal investment in flood
adaptation. To mitigate this, numerous flood awareness seminars
where farmers are educated on flood management and encouraged
to invest in flood adaptation methods such as flood walls.
Objective
A3.2
Reduce to the amount
of produce lost to
drought in SEQ 50% by
2034.
A3.2.1 Biotechnology Programs

The strategy will be implemented throughout the main rural
production areas of the Lockyer Valley and Scenic Rim. The program
will involve running pilot tests on genetically modified crops such as
some Sorghum varieties which are drought resistant. The program
will also include studying the effects of Endophytic Actinobacteria
Strategies
A3.2.1
Biotechnology
programs.
(EA) which helps to increase drought resistance in crops like

sugarcane, barley and wheat. Implications of the program includes
requiring support and funds from major stakeholders, not having
enough farmers willing to partake in the program and public
perception of eating GM crops (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II,
4.2.4).
Page 16
& A1.1.2) need to be implemented first as
4.1.1 Agriculture Strategy
they align best with CCAPSEQs vision for an
Implementation Timeline
economically sustainable agriculture industry.
Table 1 is the strategy implementation
A1.1.1 is a key stone strategy that will help
timeline for agriculture in SEQ. The timeline
create demand for SEQ fresh produce.
runs for a period of 20 years and is listed in
Strategies Urban Development Restriction
order of priority as per the Plans vision. The
(A1.2.1) & Green Belts (A1.2.2) will be
majority
an
implemented next as they require high
implementation procedure where research,
amounts of financial resources and time. Both
marketing and consultation processes are
strategies need to be implemented early to
undertaken first which will allow widespread
prevent the further expansion of urbanised
success of all strategies.
areas. Biotechnology Program (A3.2.1) will
of
strategies
include
be implemented later due to the cost of the

Strategies Expansion of Rural Production and
program and research required to successfully
Fresh Produce Marketing Campaigns (A1.1.1
market the strategy.
Table 1. Priority timeline for implementation of Agriculture Strategies
Strategy
2014
2019
2024
2029
2034
Fresh produce marketing
2014-2017
2017-2034 Reinstall campaigns depending on patronage
campaigns
Implement
A1.1.2
campaigns
Strategy
2024
2034
Expansion of rural production2014
2015-20192019
2019-2034
Implement2029
legislation
Fresh
A1.1.1produce marketing
2014-2017
Identify farms 2017-2034 Reinstall campaigns depending on patronage
campaigns
Implement
Urban Development
2015-2019
2019-2034 Implement legislation
A1.1.2
campaigns
Restriction
Identify land
Expansion
A1.2.1
of rural production
2015-2019
A1.1.1
Identify farms2018-2024 Identify
Green belts
2024-2028
2028-2034 Declare
Urban
A1.2.2 Development
2015-2019
Green belts 2019-2034
Community
Implement legislation
green zones
Restriction
Identify land
consultation
A1.2.1
Conservation till program
2019-2022
2022-2026
2026-2034 Implement
Green
2018-2024
2024-2028
2028-2034
A2.1.1 belts
IdentifyIdentify Educate
program Declare
A1.2.2
Green
Community
green zones
farmsbelts
consultation
Sustainable irrigation
2020-2025
2025-2034 Implement program
Conservation
till/ no till
2019-2022
2022-2026
2026-2034 Implement
program
Community
program
Identify
Educate
program
A2.2.1
consultation
A2.1.1
farms
Increasing buffer widths for
Sustainable
2020-2025
2025-2034 Implement program
flood prone irrigation
rivers
2025
program
Community
A3.1.1
Identify
A2.2.1
consultation 2024Biotechnology programs
20262030-2034
Increasing
buffer widths for
2022- 20262025-2034
Implement
legislation
A3.2.1
2030
Marketing
flood prone rivers
2025 Identify
Pilot
Campaigns &
A3.1.1
Identify locations
test
implementation
Biotechnology programs
202420262030-2034
A3.2.1
2026
2030
L i m i t l e s s D e s i g n s CMarketing
onsultancy
Page 17
Identify
Pilot
Campaigns &
locations
test
implementation
Table 2. Priority timeline for implementation of Agriculture strategies
4.2
Tourism Strategic
Framework
Natural disasters can cripple the tourism
visitation into the regional landscape will
industry and deter future tourists. Changing
reduce reliance on mass coastal tourism and
seasonal weather patterns and an increase in
support
extreme weather events such as flooding,
environmentally sustainable tourism industry.
cyclones, storm surges could alter visitation

patterns, ultimately affecting the economy of
SEQ.
more
economically
and
In response to these issues, CCAPSEQ

provides strategic direction to diversify
attractions and support innovative and
Tourism figures for SEQ show 90% of mass
sustainable practices.
tourism is directed along the coastal urban
strategies
areas (Earthcheck 2009). Undifferentiated
ensuring a strong economy and improving
coastal tourism products, peak oil and
SEQs natural character. Tourism Queensland
fluctuating exchange rates will jeopardise the
and Tourism Australia are key stakeholders
tourism
an
who will be responsible for implementation
Rapid population
unless stated otherwise (CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.6).
industry,
particularly
international perspective.
from
align
with
Ultimately these
CCAPSEQs
vision,
growth within the SEQ region will see

increased competition with mass tourism for
resources
and
pressures
placed
upon
infrastructure (CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.4.2).

Diversifying industries will ensure long term
survival and economic sustainability in rural
areas. While also providing economic and
social benefits to the tourism industry
(Swarbrooke 2009, p.11-26). Promoting
Page 18
2. Tourism
Goal:
T1. Diversify attractions within the regional landscape
Objective
T1.1
Increase proportion of
all tourists to visit the
regional landscape 70%
by 2034.
Explanatory notes:
Strategies
T1.1.1
Marketing campaigns to
attract tourists to
explore regional
landscapes.
fragmented marketing approaches growth can be hindered and
T1.1.1 Marketing Campaigns & T1.2.1 Local Promotions

Marketing campaigns will be implemented on local and domestic
scale and on a larger international scale in areas with high visitation
pull such as Asia and the UK. Implications could arise from
initial marketing cost can often be expensive.

T1.1.2 Discount and Package Deals & T1.2.2 Discounted Prices
Tourist packages will include deals such as 5 nights on the coast, 2
free nights in the regional landscape etc.
T1.1.2
Discount and packaged
deals to attract patrons
and generate initial
business.
Objective
T1.2
Increase the proportion
of all local tourists to
visit the regional
landscape 80% by 2034.
This strategy is only a
short term solution to attract tourist and initial business as it is

economically unsustainable with businesses only breaking even
(T1.1.2). Discounted prices for locals, at a still profitable price will
generate initial business and also provide revenue to the regional
landscape in off peak price (T1.2.2).
Strategies
T1.2.1
Local marketing
campaigns.
T1.2.2
Discounted prices and
packages to generate
initial business.
Page 19
2. Tourism
Goal:
Objective
T1.3
Legislate planning
documents and policies
for sub sectors of
tourism by 2019.
Strategies
T1.3.1
Flexible planning
regulations and reduced
fees to support
diversification of the
tourism industry.
T1. Diversify attractions within the regional landscape

Explanatory notes:
T1.3.1 Diversification of Tourism
DSDIP and local councils within SEQ will be responsible for
implementing planning regulations. Immediate implementation will
support and encourage development of tourism subsectors. Possible
implications may include negative impacts to the environment
through fast tracked applications, essentially cutting out green tape
and waiting periods. Planning legislation will need to be monitored
and revised as tourism subsector industries grow over time. Overall
success of these tourism subsectors will require community support
and extensive promotional campaigns (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol.
II, 4.5.2).
Objective
T1.4
Reduce economic
impacts 35% from
climate change
disasters by increasing
response and recovery
organisation processes
by 2019.
Strategies
T1.4.1
Legislate to better
manage cancellations in
times of crisis.
T1.4.1 Crisis Management Legislation

Legislation development will educate, prepare and support the
tourism industry how to best to protect bookings and manage
cancellations in times of climate change disaster or crisis in order to
retain positive repour with customers (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol.
II, 4.5.4).
T1.4.2 Post Disaster Marketing Campaigns
Instil campaigns to restore confidence to the region and address any
safety concerns of potential tourist.
Despite costs, marketing
campaigns are advantageous as they can be adapted at local,

regional, domestic or larger international scales (see case study
T1.4.2
Marketing campaigns
and pricing strategies to
boost the tourism
industry post disaster.
Page 20
CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.5.1)
2. Tourism
Goal:
T2. Support innovative sustainable practices for tourism operators
Objective
T2.1
Reduce tourism
industry carbon
footprint (energy,
water, and general
waste) 50% by 2034.
Strategies
T2.1.1
Establish monitoring and
targeting programs for
sustainable practices
within the tourism
industry.
Explanatory notes:
T2.1.1 Monitoring and Targeting Programs
Sustainable tourism operating programs will help improve business
performance and also reduce impacts associated with their carbon
footprint. The industry will be responsible for their own compliance
and implementation of sustainable practices for better energy
efficiency, waste minimisation and reduction of water use.
To
encourage and provide incentives for voluntary compliance Tourism

Australia and Tourism Queensland will provide greater recognition in
their marketing campaigns to businesss with sustainability
accreditations
SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
Page 21
Flexible Planning Regulations and Reduced
4.2.1 Tourism Strategy

Fees (T1.3.1) will be implemented early on

due to the strategy being quick, flexible and
Strategies are prioritised in Table 2 in terms of

importance in supporting the vision for SEQ.
Marketing Campaigns (T1.1.1) will be given
overall priority for implementation as it is a
relatively
inexpensive.
Development
of
legislation to better manage cancellations

Crisis Management Legislation (T1.4.1) has
been prioritised for the same reasons.
three year large scale key stone strategy.
Discount and Package Deals (T1.1.2) and
Post Disaster Marketing Campaigns (T1.4.2)
Local
will be put into effect immediately post
implemented
disaster once recovery stages begin.
following the implementation of Marketing
Promotions
as
Campaigns (T1.1.1).
(T1.2.1)
secondary
will
be
strategies
These promotions
provide additional incentives for attracting

tourists to the regional landscape particularly
in off peak periods providing tourism
Table 3. Priority timeline for implementation of Tourism

Strategies
Strategy
Marketing Campaigns
T1.1.1
Diversification of Tourism
T1.3.1
2014
2014-2017
Implement
Crisis Management Legislation

T1.4.1
Discount and Package Deals
T1.1.2
Monitoring and Targeting
Programs
T2.1.1
Local Promotions
T1.2.1
Discounted Prices
T1.2.2
Post Disaster Marketing campaigns
T1.4.2
Page 22
operators with revenue all year round.

2019
2024
2029
2034
2017-2034 Reinstall campaigns depending on patronage
2016-2022
2022-2034 Monitor progress
Marketing
campaigns
2017-2022
2022-2034 Implement and monitor
Research and
develop
2019-2023
2023-2034 Marketing campaigns
Identify
2019-2024
2024-2034 Monitor progress
Research and
develop
2021-2025
2025-2029
2029-2034
Research
Marketing
Monitor
campaigns
progress
2021-2025
2025-2029
2029-2034
Implement
Review
Implement
revised strategy
This strategy will be implemented post natural disaster.
2year campaigns.
4.3
Natural Environment
SEQs natural environment is an important
parcels of protected land. Coastal threats
commodity for the continued growth and
including coastal inundation and erosion will
health of the region. SEQ is home to one of
increase due to SLR and the predicted upturn
Australias 15 recognized Biodiversity Hotspot
in storm severity and frequency (Hagger et al.
areas in the Border Ranges National Park and
2012; McAllister et al. 2013) (CCAPSEQ Vol. II,
the World Heritage listed site of Gondwana
2.4.3).
Rainforest
(Australian
Government).
The
region supports a large number animal and

plant genera endemic to the region, allowing
them to thrive in habitat and ecosystems
found nowhere else in Australia (Shoo et al.
2012). SEQs marine environment is another
undeniable asset to the region consisting of
world-renowned sand beaches and surf
To achieve the CCAPSEQs vision of protecting

SEQs natural environment from the impacts
of CC and rapid population growth, strategies
have been formulated to provide strategic
direction. Through protection and adaptation
SEQs natural environment will be able to
become resilient and continue to thrive.
breaks as well as a tapestry of islands and
All strategies are to be implemented unless
reefs.
otherwise stated by the State Government
The effects of CC and a continually growing

population will be felt within SEQs natural
environment. Major impacts will include the
Departments DSDIP, DEHP and DNPRSR along

with non-government organisation SEQ Water
(CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.6).
reduction in distribution and abundance of

localised
and
endemic
species
and
ecosystems (Hagger et al. 2012). Population

increase
will
cause
environmental
fragmentation resulting more discontinuous

Page 23
3. Natural Environment
Goal:
N1. Support protection and growth of biodiversity throughout SEQ.
Objective
N1.1
Increase current
360,000ha of protected
forest to 500,000ha by
2034.
Explanatory notes:
N1.1.1 Conservation Committee
The strategy will involve establishing an environmental protection
board that includes members from SEQ local councils and Northern
NSW councils. The goal of the committee will be to ensure the
Strategies
N.1.1.1
Establish a collaborative
committee to protect,
manage and connect
identified
protected
forest and national
parks located in SEQ &
NSW.
Biodiversity Hotspots, national parks and World Heritage sites that
N.1.1.2
Connect
protected
forests and national
parks via regional-scale
corridors amalgamating
areas and removing
fragmentation.
strategy is to be implemented via the plantation of native species
Page 24
are located on the border of NSW and SEQ region are effectively
managed and protected.
N1.1.2 Regional Corridor Plan
Identifying corridors to connect National Parks and State Forests to
increase total land area and remove fragmentation will enhance
biodiversity and increase the amount of protected land in SEQ. This
such as eucalypt, melaleuca and acacia.

Potential conflicts may arise between private owners, NGOs, and
competing State Government departments with the implementing
this strategy due to costs and funds associated with land purchase.
Goal:
Objective
N2.1
Remove 50% of invasive
species in
environmentally
protected forests and
national parks by 2034.
Strategies
N2.1.1
Humanely trap and
capture invasive fauna
throughout the region.
N2.1.2
Implementation of
exclusion fencing in
order to restrict invasive
flora and fauna from
accessing critical habitat
& endemic species.
N2. Increase protection of habitat and improve quality

of life for endemic and native species.
Explanatory notes:
N2.1.1 Introduced Species Removal
State Government will provide initial funding before passing onto local
councils to support the strategy alongside selected non-government
agencies (CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.6). The trapping and removal is to take
place in the State Forests and National Parks that come under each local
council domain. Implications of the strategy may result in un-even
distribution of resources between local councils. Communication and
cooperation may also be a concern.
N2.1.2 Exclusion Fencing
This strategy requires the construction of 1.8m high wire fences. The
fences will be implemented in identified critical habitat areas to protect
the endemic fauna and flora that currently exist. After identification of
critical habitats, the program will be passed onto the Arid Recovery
Program to construct remaining fences and to monitor progress.
Potential limitations will be the availability of finances to cover the
initial research and construction costs (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II,
4.8.3).
Page 25
Goal:
Objective
N2.2
Maintain survival of
100% of species SEQs
listed as critical and
endangered to
extinction.
N2. Increase protection of habitat and improve quality

of life for endemic and native species.
Explanatory notes:
N2.2.1 Species Translocation
Environmental assessments will be undertaken to ensure species are
moved into suitable protected habitats where they can be managed and
thrive. This strategy will work in conjunction with Regional Corridor
Plan (N.1.1.2) and Exclusion Fencing (N.2.1.2) strategies. Implications
may include negative impacts on species health due to stress,
Strategies
N2.2.1
Translocate native and
endemic species from
compromised areas into
protected habitats refer
to translocation.
competition and unsuccessful reproduction (see case study CCAPSEQ

Vol. II, 4.8.1).
N2.2.2 Regional Corridor Plan & N2.2.3 Exclusion Fencing
These two strategies will be executed in conjunction with Objective N1.1
& N2.1.
N2.2.2
Connect protected
forests and national
parks via regional-scale
corridors amalgamating
areas and removing
fragmentation.
N2.2.3
Implementation of
exclusion fencing in
order to restrict invasive
flora and fauna from
accessing critical
habitat.
Page 26
Goal:
N3. Protect SEQs coastal landscape and marine environment.
Objective
N3.1
Maintain 100% of
sediment along the
coastline in order to
prevent structural
recession caused by
erosion and extreme
weather events.
Strategies
N3.1.1
Dynamic preservation
program, implementing
extensive sand dredging
programs.
N3.1.2
Implement town
planning legislation
preventing any new
coastal development
and infrastructure.
Objective
N3.2
Enhance quality of
SEQs waterways and
aquatic environment.
Strategies
N3.2.1
Apply wastewater and
storm water filtration
systems to reduce the
harmful impact of the
flow into the marine
environment on major
ocean outlets.
Page 27
Explanatory notes:
N3.1.1 Dynamic Preservation
The construction of three sand dredging stations will be used to
continuously replenish SEQs coastline. Identified project areas include
Moreton Bay, Noosa and Coolangatta working in conjunction with

existing dredging stations. Implications and impacts that need to be
considered are the potential public backlash and negative perception if
consultation programs are unsuccessful. As a result delays on
implementation and construction may occur (see case study CCAPSEQ
Vol. II, 4.8.2).
N3.1.2 Coastal Development Legislation
This strategy involves developing town-planning legislation which
prevents any new coastal development and infrastructure. The current
Coastal Management Plan and SPA are to be amended to incorporate a
statutory regulation preventing any new coastal development.
Restrictions are to be placed onto all new development, expansion of
properties and commercial establishments. Implications of this strategy
may result in retraction from local, national and international
developers from the SEQ landscape resulting in a loss of income and
tourism.
N3.2.1 Storm Water Health
Retrofitting existing storm water pipes and drainage systems will result
in cleaner storm water being discharged into SEQ waterways and
oceans. State Government departments DEWS, QLD Maritime Safety
and non-government stakeholder SEQ Water will be involved in
implementation and monitoring. Implications arising from this strategy
may be the perceived waste of resources and funding resulting in
public disapproval of the strategy.
4.3.1 Natural Environment

Strategy Implementation
Timeline
the program and increased impact on

resources are also contributing factors,
resulting in a low priority.
The protection of SEQs natural environment
This priority timeline presents each strategy

and their importance in terms of adaptation,
costs, support (public & private) and most
importantly their ability to accomplish the
CCAPSEQs
vision
for
SEQs
natural
environment (Table 3). Coastal Development
from the negative impacts from climate

change and population growth is paramount.
Prioritising
strategies
in
terms
of
effectiveness, cost and resistance allows the

most effective adaptation and protection
schemes to be successful.
Legislation (N3.1.2) has been identified as the

highest
priority
with
the
intention
of
immediate implementation as it requires a

change to current legislation to ensure that it
will be successful.
Following the implementation of the Coastal
Development
Legislation
(N3.1.1),
the
strategy of Conservation Committee (N1.1.1)

will take place. The Conservation Committee
is a foundation strategy and must be
implemented
Introduced
Regional
before
Species
Corridor
the
strategies
Removal
(N1.1.1),
Plan
(N1.1.2),
and
Exclusion Fencing (N2.1.2) can begin.

Dynamic Preservation (N3.1.1) imposes a
high cost and is at risk of receiving high
resistance from communities. The length of
Page 28
Table 4. Priority timeline for implementation of Natural

Environment Strategies
Strategy
Coastal Development
Legislation
N3.1.2
Conservation Committee
N1.1.1
Introduced Species Removal
N2.1.1
Regional Corridor Plan
N1.1.2
Exclusion Fencing
N2.1.2
Species Translocation
N2.2.1
Dynamic Preservation
N3.1.1
Storm Water Health
N3.2.1
Page 29
2014
2019
2014-2018
Develop
2014-2019
Consultation
2024
2029
2018-2034 Implement
2034
2019-2034 Operation
2017-2022
2022-2034 Operation
Develop
2019-2026 Identify
2026-2034 Operation
corridors
2022-2027
2027-2034
Identify species
Connection
2022-2027
2027-2034 Handover
Identify species
and monitoring
2023-2029
2029-2034
Consultation
Operation
2024-2029
2029-2034
Resource
Implement
Accumulation
4.4
Water Management
SEQs potable water is supplied through the
water evaporation (Emad et al. 2014)
SEQ Water Grid which consists of 12 dams
(CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.4.4). Therefore other
and a desalination plant. This infrastructure is
supply alternatives must be considered.
interconnected through pipelines and can be

pumped throughout the grid to supplement
supply where needed. The Department of
Energy and Water Supply (DEWS) is the
regions major governing body for the bulk
water supply. Provision and pricing is handled
by the State owned SEQ Water. The SEQ
water grid relies heavily upon catching rainfall
to maintain supply but can be supplemented
when required by desalination. However this
method is highly energy intensive.
In response CCAPSEQ aims to maintain water

supply for SEQs growing population. This will
be achieved with a strategic framework, by
connecting communities through sustainable
infrastructure. Future water scarcity and
increasing demand will be a major concern for
the SEQ water grid. Therefore, climate
independent water sources will be utilized
within the region. All strategies below are to
be implemented by DEWS and funded by
DEWS
Rapid population growth is placing pressure
and
SEQ
Water,
unless
stated
otherwise (CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.6).
on SEQs water supply due to an increasing

demand on a finite resource. In addition,
projected
climate
change
will
alter
precipitation patterns, limiting the amount of

water
entering
the
catchments.
The
traditional water augmentation strategy of

raising dam height is not sustainable as it
damages the environment and increases
Page 30
4. Water Management
Goal:
W1. Maintain an adequate water supply whilst

adapting to the impacts of climate change.
Objective
W1.1
Increase potable water
supply by 10% by 2034.
Explanatory notes:
Strategies
W1.1.1
Implement a recycled
water program.
educate residents on the safety of drinking recycled water. Phase 2
W1.1.2
Implement a nonpotable stormwater
reuse system to take
pressure off domestic
supply.
will be considered depending on the success of the strategy (see case
W1.1.3
Retrofit existing
desalination plant to run
on renewable energy.
W1.1.1 Recycled Water Program

Phase 1 of this strategy involves a public education program to
involves construction of a water recycling plant within close proximity

to Wivenhoe dam. This will supplement supply with a high grade
recycled wastewater from Brisbane wastewater plants. Future plants
study CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.11.3).

W1.1.2 Storm Water Harvesting System
Decentralised storm water harvesting systems are to be implemented
within new development subdivisions and gradually introduced to
existing housing developments. The harvested stormwater is nonpotable and is to be used for landscape irrigation and watering, toilet
flushing and other non-potable uses. This system is to be put in place
to take pressure from the domestic potable water supply. The added
cost to developers is a possible concern of the strategy (see case study
CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.11.2).
W1.1.3 Energy Efficient Desalination Plan
The existing desalination plant in Tugun utilises a continual source of
water and supplements the SEQ water grid when needed. To limit
environmental impacts through the plants high energy requirements,
the sourcing of renewable energy is to be implemented near the site in
the form of solar or wind depending on advice from technical experts

(see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.11.1). A possible implication of the
strategy is the public perception of drinking desalinated water.
Page 31
4. Water Management
1
Goal:
W2. To use potable water efficiently.
Objective
W2.1
Reduce per capita
water use by 20% by
2034.
Explanatory notes:
Strategies
W2.1.1
Introduce pricing
mechanisms to reduce
water consumption.
The five tiers consist of; low volume discounts, conservation base rates,
W2.1.2
Introduce Government
rebates on sensitive
household products.
W2.1.3
Run education programs
to encourage efficient
water use.
W2.1.4
All New construction will
comply with a water
sensitive design point
system.
W2.1.1 Water Pricing Mechanism

A five tiered water rate system will be implemented throughout SEQ to
reward customers for efficient water use and penalise excessive use.
inefficient usage, excessive usage and wastefulness. The water rates

will take into account; landscape area, number of residents and
customer special needs. If the excessive use is because of a previously
unknown leakage, penalty rates can be removed (see case study
CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.11.4).
W2.1.2 Water Sensitive Household Products

Government rebates will be available for residents who buy selected
water sensitive household products such as low water use toilets, tap
and shower fittings.
W2.1.3 Public Education Programs
A Public education program will provide information to SEQ residents
on water conservation techniques acquiring support for other policy
measures. The program will consist of advertising campaigns which
include the broadcasting of dam levels and conservation targets, school
visits and water conservation workshops.
W2.1.4 Water Sensitive Construction
Any new development will need to adhere to a point system where the
design must meet a certain water sensitive level. Projects that fail to
comply will not be approved for construction.
Page 32
4.4.1 Water Management

Strategy implementation
Timeline
Strategies
The strategy implementation timeline (Table
start-up costs and high chance of success.
4) will run over a 20 year period and lists the
Phase 1 of Energy Efficient Desalination
strategies from high to low priority. All
Plant (W1.1.1) is to be implemented early to
strategies below are implemented over two
ensure public backing of the construction. The
stages for either research or consultation, or
desalination plant in conjunction with the
to establish a foundation to ensure successful
recycled water plant will be used more often
implementation such as Energy Efficient
to supplement supply.
Public
Education
Program
(W2.1.3) and Water Pricing Mechanism

(W2.1.1) are prioritised because of the low
Desalination Plant (W1.1.1).
Table 5. Priority timeline for implementation of Water

Management Strategies
Strategy
Public Education Programs
W2.1.3
Water Pricing Mechanism
W2.1.1
Recycled Water Program
W1.1.1
Water Sensitive Construction

W2.1.4
Energy Efficient Desalination
Plant
W1.1.3
Storm Water Harvesting
Systems
W1.1.2
Water Sensitive Household
Products
W2.1.2
Page 33
2014
2019
2014-2019
Implement
20162020
Research
2016-2021
Phase 1
Public
education
2024
2029
2019-2034 Continue but less intensive
2034
2020-2034 Implement
2021-2034 Phase 2
Construct, operate and monitor
2021-2025
Research
2021-2026
Retrofit plant
2025-2034 Implement and

monitor
2026-2034 Regular
maintenance
2023-2027
2027-2034 Implement
Public
consultation
2025-2030
2030-2034
Marketing
Implement
campaigns
4.5
Transport
An outstanding transport network relies on an
To achieve the regional vision CCAPSEQ has
efficient and functioning system, where
identified two regional transport goals for
goods, people, produce and materials are
adaptation to the identified issues; To create
delivered timely and without delay, however
a climate change resilient transport network
this is not evident in SEQ. SEQs transport
(TR1) and Create an adequate and efficient
network is under increasing pressure from a
transport system to meet the demand of a
rapidly growing population whereby freight
rapidly
transport is set to more than double and the
following strategies will be implemented
number of car trips made per day will reach
unless stated otherwise by the Queensland
approximately 15 million annually by 2031
State Government and DTMR (CCAPSEQ Vol.
(Queensland Government A 2009). Rising
II, 2.6).
growing
population
(TR2).
The
temperatures will warp rail lines and a SLR of

0.34m will swell roads and airstrips.
The Plan directly addresses SEQs transport
infrastructure issues regarding climate change
and rapid population growth. These issues
are; system failures, under-utilisation of
current infrastructure and poorly connected
major activity centres (CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.4.5).
Page 34
5. Transport
Goal:
TR1:
Establish a regional transport system that is

resilient to climate change impacts.
Explanatory notes:
Objective
TR1.1
Invest in new transport
infrastructure to be 30%
more resilient to climate
change by 2034.
Strategies
TR1.1.1
Legislate to strengthen
all new constructed rail
lines.
TR1.1.2
Legislate vulnerable road
infrastructure to be
upgraded and
constructed using epoxy
asphalt.
Objective
TR1.2
Reduction of
infrastructure failure
(congestion and delays)
25% by 2034.
Strategies
TR1.2.1
Provide a governing
body to mitigate risks
from climate change.
TR1.2.2
Provide rebates on
smart transport options
to deliver energy
efficient transportation
and a mode shift in
commuting.
Page 35
TR1.1.1 Resilient Rail Plan

The legislation will require all new rail lines within the region (including
repairs made to existing lines) to consist of 1% manganese and a carbon
content of .9%-1%. This will increase steel tensile, resistance to abrasion
and kinkage.
TR1.1.2 Resilient Roads Plan
Through legislation vulnerable SEQ roads (roads in proximity to .34m SLR)
will be upgraded and constructed using epoxy asphalt. Three implications
of epoxy asphalt are the cost of the product, curation and construction
time.
TR1.2.1 Transport Risk Committee

An advisory committee will be assembled to collect and distribute
information regarding potential risks, near misses and incidents within
the SEQ transport sector. The public and private organisations will still be
responsible for the management of potential risk (CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 2.6).
Possible implications will be uncooperative parties and companies not
executing plans to mitigate risk.
TR1.2.2 Cleaner, Smarter, Faster SEQ

Rebates will encourage companies to deliver smart transport options for
buses, light and heavy rail. The strategy will be focused predominantly
around current congested highways and arterial roads within the region.
A major implication will be public and private companies initially having
to outlay high costs whilst not receiving short-term high financial return.
5. Transport
Goal:
TR2: Create adequate and efficient transport infrastructure to

meet the demand from a regional rapid population growth.
Objective
Explanatory notes:
TR2.1
TR2.1.1 SEQ Rail Freight Strategy
Increase connectivity
and utilization of
transport network (rail
and roads) by 75%
(subject to feasibility)
by 2034.
Strategies
TR2.1.1
Place higher levies on
road freight to cover
government subsidies
on rail freight.
SEQ Rail Freight Strategy (TR2.1.1) consists of a levy on road freight
through toll routes leaving and entering Brisbane. These toll points will
be placed on major freight highways (see Figure 4). The revenue raised
from the levy will be used to subsidize the cost between freighting by
road compared to rail. Externalities could arise as smaller freight
companies would not benefit from the scheme although paying the levy
and toll routes avoided limiting revenue (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II,
4.14.2).
TR2.1.2 SEQ HSR Strategy
The strategy will acquire land for the development of a HSR line
TR2.1.2
Provide more readily
available efficient
services (HSR).
stretching from Coolangatta Airport through Brisbane to Noosa Heads,

with the possibility for a Toowoomba line subject to growth (Figure 4).
The project will be a collaborative approach between Commonwealth
and Queensland State Governments in conjunction with private
partnerships to share the large financial outlay. The possibility of
insufficient financial return to cover loan repayments, and community
opposition to sell land are potential implications (see case study CCAPSEQ
Vol. II, 4.14.1).
Page 36
5. Transport
Goal:
TR2: Create adequate and efficient transport infrastructure to

meet the demand from a regional rapid population growth.
Objective
TR2.2
Reduction of
infrastructure failure
(congestion and delays)
25% by 2034.
Explanatory notes:
TR2.2.1 Competing for Passengers Plan
A market will be established through the provision of various modes of

public transport (PT) such as busways, HSR, light rail and heavy rail,
whereby the user is sought after by the various competing PT modes.
Strategies
TR2.2.1
Provide a governing
body to mitigate risks
from climate change.
This strategy will reduce prices and increasing efficiency in the long term.
Problems could arise through insufficient financial return leading to
project termination.
TR2.2.2 SEQ Congest Less Strategy
TR2.2.2
Provide incentives and
rebates on smart
transport options to
deliver energy efficient
transportation and a
mode shift in
commuting.
Objective
TR2.3
Increase public
transport usage 35-40%
by 2034.
Strategies
TR2.3.1
Provide benefits of
public transport to the
community through
information sessions and
advertising campaigns.
Page 37
Establishing a congestion charge within SEQ congested areas will

discourage private vehicle usage and encourage PT usage. Revenue raised
from the levy will be injected into SEQs transport system in the form of a
user subsidy on PT cost. Implications will arise due to an increase in
parking outside the specified congestion zone where people try to avoid
the charge (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.14.3).
TR2.3.1 Transform the Norm

Marketing campaigns and information sessions will be provided to
highlight the benefits of using PT. Environmental community groups will
host the sessions allowing for a smooth transition of information.
Implications surrounding the strategy will be the potential backlash from
the community (see case study CCAPSEQ Vol. II, 4.14.4).
4.5.1 Transport Strategy

Transport
Risk
Committee
(TR1.2.1),
Transform the Norm (TR2.3.1) and SEQ Rail
be implemented in 2025 to allow for time to

find private partnerships and necessary
funding.
Freight Initiative (TR2.1.1) are identified as

having the highest importance to achieving
the regional vision and therefore will be
implemented first (Table 5). To achieve better
results, the Congest Less (TR2.2.2) and
Competing
for
strategies
will
Passengers
be
(TR2.2.1)
implemented
simultaneously, as they complement one

another. Due to the high cost of the SEQ HSR
Strategy (TR2.1.2) the strategy will
The proposed implementation dates are

dependent
on
the
Queensland
State
Governments and local councils strategic

directions at the time of strategy application.
Table 5 prioritises the proposed strategies
from high to low to achieve CCAPSEQs vision
of strong economy, a protected natural
environment, and thriving interconnected
communities by 2034.
Table 7. Priority timeline for implementation of Transport

Strategies
Strategy
2014
2019
2024
2029
2034
Transport Risk Committee
2014-2018
2018-2034 Collect and administer risk information
TR1.2.1
Establish
committee
Table 8. Priority
of transport
Transform
the timeline
Norm for implementation
2014-2020
First
2027- 2032 Second
strategies
TR2.3.1
implementation
implementation
SEQ Rail Freight Initiative
2014-2017
2014-2034 Implement and monitor
TR2.1.1
Community
consultation
Resilient Rail Plan
2019-2024
2024-2034 Implement
TR1.1.1
Educate
Resilient Road Plan
2019-2024
2024-2034 Implement
TR1.1.2
Educate
Cleaner, Smarter, Faster
2021-2034 Implement
SEQ
TR1.2.2
SEQ Congest Less Strategy
2024-2034 Implement
TR2.2.2
Competing for Passengers
20242027-2034 Implement
TR2.2.1
2027
Research
SEQ HSR Strategy
2025-2029
2029-2034 Land
TR2.1.2
Research
Acquisition
Page 38
Key
Transport Networks
Airports
Railway lines
Major road
Seaport
Land Use Areas
Urban encroachment areas
Key business and employment growth areas
National Park, Forest reserve and State Forest
Public Infrastructure
SEQ existing water grid
Power stations
Strategies
Retrofitting the Gold Coast desalination plant
Recycled water plants
High speed rail
Road freight toll points
Retreat of coastal development areas
Dune restoration
Erosion management areas
Priority agricultural land
Connecting corridors for environmentally significant areas
Moving mass coastal tourism towards a more sustainable
regional landscape tourism
Figure 5. Spatial Strategy Map for SEQ
Page 39
5.0
Strategic Framework Evaluation
The strategic framework for CCAPSEQ will be
Evaluation of
evaluated against the IPCC scenario A1B and
involve comparing how they will manage and
the SEQRPs community vision. In the case of
adapt to the key impacts of an increasing
the IPCC Scenario A1B (see Figure 6) the
global
evaluation will achieve an understanding of
Scenario A1B predicts a temperature increase
how the CCAPSEQs strategies will adapt to
of 2.8 degrees for a 100-year period 2000-
the projected scenario and the impacts that a
2099. Key impact areas include; water,
change in temperature and SLR will cause. It is
ecosystems, food and coasts with impacts
imperative to ensure the framework aligns
varying by extent of adaptation, rate of
with the community vision for SEQ, adhering
temperature change, SLR and socio-economic
with the values that have been identified for a
pathways (IPCC 2000).
positive future in SEQ.
Emissions
water include a decrease in water availability,
CCAPSEQ will provide SEQ with strong

adaptation strategies, ultimately achieving
our vision for the region. The IPCC Special
Report on Emissions Scenarios (2000) (SRES)
predictions
temperature.
The predicted impacts of A1B Scenario for
5.1. IPCC
provides
average
CCAPSEQs strategies will
concerning
future
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the
increase in drought and greater exposure to

water stress. Strategies that will be best
suited to deal with those impacts are
Biotechnology Programs (A3.2.1), Recycled
Water Program (W1.1.1) and strategy Storm
Water Harvesting Systems (W1.1.2).
predicted effect on temperature and SLR. The

five SRES Scenarios cover a wide range of the
main driving forces of future emissions, from
demographic to technological and economic
development. CCAPSEQs strategies have
been aligned with the selected Scenario A1B,
as best adaptation methods for the predicted
impacts associated with a temperature
increase and SLR.
Page 40
The future ecosystem impacts include; the
Impacts on coasts will include the increased
amount of species risk to extinction rising by
damage from floods and storms resulting in
30%, increasing species range shifting and
an increase in the amount of people exposed
major
Adaptation
to inundation. To adapt strategies include
strategies outlined in CCAPSEQ are Regional
Coastal Development Legislation (N3.1.2)
Corridor Plan (N1.1.2), Exclusion Fencing
and Dynamic Preservation Program (N3.1.1).
ecosystem
changes.
(N2.1.2) and Species Translocation (N2.2.1).
CCAPSEQs adaptation strategies have been
Food production will be negatively impacted
evaluated against the key impacts and threats
particularly for localized and small scale land
that are predicted to occur in the IPCC
holders,
productivity.
scenario A1B. CCAPSEQ delivers a number of
Marketing
strategies that will provide appropriate
Campaigns (A1.1.2), Sustainable Irrigation
adaptation options for the predicted future
Program (A2.2.1) and SEQ Freight Initiative
threats of rising temperatures and SLR in SEQ.
Strategies
decreasing
cereal
Fresh
Produce
(TR2.1.1) will adapt to these impacts.
Figure 6. SRES GHG Predicted Emission Scenarios
Page 41
5.2. Community Vision
Based on the values outlined in the

community
vision,
CCAPSEQ
delivers
CCAPSEQs vision responds to the SEQRP
number of strategies ensuring all outcomes
community vision for the region through the
are met. The strategies of Storm Water
strategic framework of the key issue areas.
Harvesting
The community vision states a number of
Efficient Desalination Plant (W1.1.3) and
prioritised values to ensure a successful
Local
future for SEQ (Queensland Government A
communities are safe, healthy and accessible.
2009). The community values as per the vision
Green Belts (A1.2.2), Resilient Rail Plan
are described as:
(TR1.1.1), Marketing Campaigns (T1.1.1) and
Systems
Promotions
Regional
Corridor
(W1.1.2),
(T1.2.1)
Plan
will
Energy
ensure
(N1.1.2)
will
guarantee the development of sustainable

The regional vision for SEQ is a future that is
infrastructure is successful and the ecological
sustainable, affordable, prosperous, liveable
landscapes in SEQ are appreciated. In addition
and resilient to climate change
both Fresh Produce Marketing Campaign

(A1.1.2) and Diversification of Tourism
Where:
(T1.3.1) will encourage urban and rural areas

Communities
are
safe,
healthy,
accessible and inclusive.
Quality infrastructure and services.
Urban and rural areas are mutually

supportive.
Development is sustainable and well

designed.
Ecological and culturally significant

landscapes are valued.
of SEQ to be mutually supportive.

In summary, the values of the community
vision have been compared to the strategies
of each key issue area. The majority of
CCAPSEQs strategies align with the values of
SEQ and will achieve the community vision for
a region that is sustainable, affordable,
prosperous, liveable and resilient to climate
change (Queensland Government A 2009).
(Queensland Government A 2009)
Page 42
6.0
Conclusion
CCAPSEQ has built upon all previous four

phases identifying current and future rapid
population growth and climate change issues
which will affect SEQs agriculture, tourism,
natural environment, water management and
transport sectors. A strategic framework has
been established to address these specific
issues in accordance with the IPCC scenario
A1B
and
the
SEQ
community
vision.
Ultimately, CCAPSEQ has been developed for

SEQ
to
become
environmentally
and
an
socially
economically,
sustainable
region that will adapt to the impacts of

climate change and rapid population growth.
Page 43
Glossary
Adaptation:
Initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human

systems against actual or expected climate change effects.
Biodiversity:
The total diversity of all organisms and ecosystems at various spatial scales
Bulk water:
Stored potable water intended for uses
Climate:
Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average weather, or more

rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability
of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to
thousands or millions of years. The classical period for averaging these
variables is 30 years.
Climate change:
Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be
identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the
variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically
decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes
or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the
composition of the atmosphere or in land use.
Climate scenario:
A plausible and often simplified representation of the future climate, based

on an internally consistent set of climatological relationships that has been
constructed for explicit use in investigating the potential consequences of
anthropogenic climate change, often serving as input to impact models.
Climate projections often serve as the raw material for constructing climate
scenarios, but climate scenarios usually require additional information such
as about the observed current climate. A climate change scenario is the
difference between a climate scenario and the current climate.
Coastal Inundation: Flooding, by the rise and spread of water, of a land surface that is not
normally submerged.
Page 44
Dredging:
An excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly

underwater, with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and
disposing of them at a different location.
East Coast Lows:
Capable of causing widespread flooding across the South-East region,

establish large scale moist onshore flow conditions, heavy rainfall triggered
by upper level coupling creating large scale lifting of the onshore flow.
Ecotourism:
Tourism directed towards exotic natural environments, intended to support

conservation efforts and observe wildlife.
Emission scenarios: A plausible representation of the future development of emissions of

substances that are potentially radioactively active (e.g. greenhouse gases,
aerosols), based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions
about driving forces (such as demographic and socioeconomic development,
technological change) and their key relationships. Concentration scenarios,
derived from emission scenarios, are used as input to a climate model to
compute climate projections.
Erosion:
The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by
processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in
other locations.
Extreme weather events:
A weather event is significantly different from the average or usual
weather pattern. This may take place over one day or a period of time.
Greenbelt:
An area of open land around a city, on which building is restricted.
Peak oil:
The hypothetical point in time when the global production of oil reaches its
maximum rate, after which production will gradually decline.
Peri-urban:
The area of influence between rural and urban areas, usually located near
urban areas but with no planning intent for urban development.
Sediment:
Is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes

of weathering and erosion.
Page 45
Species Translocation: Is the capture, transport and release or introduction of species, habitats or
other ecological material (such as soil) from one location to another.
Storm surges:
An Abnormal rise in the level of the sea along a coast caused by the onshore
winds of a severe cyclone.
Page 46
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Page 53

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Climate Change Adaptation

Plan for South East Queensland

Limitless Designs Consultancy

Limitless Designs Consultancy

Following this, the strategic framework has

and climate change (CC) are predicted to

outlined the goals and objectives of the

heavily impact the South East Queensland

relevant key issue areas, which provides

(SEQ) region. Five areas of concern have been

identified as being most important to the

implementation. To calculate the success of

region In terms of adapting to the predicted

CCAPSEQ the strategic framework has been

impacts. These five key issue areas are:

evaluated against the South East Queensland

Agriculture, Tourism, Natural Environment,

Regional Plans (2009-2031) community vision

Water Management and Transport. This

and the International Panel on Climate

Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2014-2034

Change (IPCC) Scenario A1B.

(CCAPSEQ) aims to provide direction for SEQ

environmental and social sustainability of

In summary, this plan has explored strategies

This document provides a background study

including the environmental attributes, key

direction for the SEQ region to successfully

linkages and issues of the SEQ region as well

manage and adapt to the pressures of climate

as the evaluation of the current management

change and rapid population growth whilst

frameworks and relevant stakeholders.

Limitless Designs Consultancy

Climate Change Adaptation Plan for South East Queensland 2014-2034

Department Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

Department of Environment and Heritage protection

Department of Energy and Water Supply

Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing

Department of Natural Resource Management

Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning

Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and the

Department of Transport and Main Roads

High Speed Rail

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

New South Wales

South East Queensland

South East Queensland Regional Plan

Sea Level Rise

Sustainable Planning Act 2009

Special Report on Emissions Scenarios

Limitless Designs Consultancy

South East Queensland Background Study ............................................................................... 5

South East Queensland Environmental Attributes and Linkages ........................................... 5

Identification of Key Issue Areas ............................................................................................. 8

Current Management Frameworks ....................................................................................... 10

Stakeholder Analysis ............................................................................................................. 10

Vision for South East Queensland 2034 .................................................................................. 11

Strategic Framework for South East Queensland ................................................................... 12