Activity 7.4.

1: Basic DHCP and NAT Configuration

Topology Diagram

Addressing Table
Device

R1

R2

ISP

Interface

IP Address

Subnet Mask

S0/0/0

10.1.1.1

255.255.255.252

Fa0/0

192.168.10.1

255.255.255.0

Fa0/1

192.168.11.1

255.255.255.0

S0/0/0

10.1.1.2

255.255.255.252

S0/0/1

209.165.200.225

255.255.255.252

Fa0/0

192.168.20.1

255.255.255.0

S0/0/1

209.165.200.226

255.255.255.252

Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this lab, you will be able to:

Prepare the network.

Perform basic router configurations.

Configure a Cisco IOS DHCP server.

Configure static and default routing.

Configure static NAT.

Configure dynamic NAT with a pool of addresses.

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PT Activity 7.4.1: Basic DHCP and NAT Configuration

Configure NAT overload.

Scenario
In this lab, you will configure the DHCP and NAT IP services. One router is the DHCP server. The other
router forwards DHCP requests to the server. You will also configure both static and dynamic NAT
configurations, including NAT overload. When you have completed the configurations, verify the
connectivity between the inside and outside addresses.

Task 1: Perform Basic Router Configurations

Step 1: Configure the routers.
Configure the R1, R2, and ISP routers according to the following guidelines:

Configure the device hostname.

Disable DNS lookup.

Configure a privileged EXEC mode password.

Configure a message-of-the-day banner.

Configure a password for the console connections.

Configure a password for all vty connections.

Configure IP addresses on all routers. The PCs receive IP addressing from DHCP later in the
activity.

Enable OSPF with process ID 1 on R1 and R2. Do not advertise the 209.165.200.224/27
network.

Step 2. Check results.

Your completion percentage should be 58%. If not, click Check Results to see which required components are not
yet completed.

Task 2: Configure a Cisco IOS DHCP Server

Step 1: Exclude statically assigned addresses.
The DHCP server assumes that all IP addresses in a DHCP address pool subnet are available for
assigning to DHCP clients. You must specify the IP addresses that the DHCP server should not assign to
clients. These IP address are usually static addresses reserved for the router interface, switch
management IP address, servers, and local network printer. The ip dhcp excluded-address command
prevents the router from assigning IP addresses within the configured range. The following commands
exclude the first 10 IP addresses from each pool for the LANs attached to R1. These addresses will not
be assigned to any DHCP clients.
R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.10
R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.11.1 192.168.11.10
Step 2: Configure the pool.
Create the DHCP pool using the ip dhcp pool command and name it R1Fa0.
R1(config)#ip dhcp pool R1Fa0
Specify the subnet to use when assigning IP addresses. DHCP pools automatically associate with an
interface based on the network statement. The router now acts as a DHCP server, handing out addresses
in the 192.168.10.0/24 subnet starting with 192.168.10.1.

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PT Activity 7.4.1: Basic DHCP and NAT Configuration

R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0

Configure the default router and domain name server for the network. Clients receive these settings via
DHCP, along with an IP address.
R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.11.5
R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.10.1
Note: There is not a DNS server at 192.168.11.5. You are configuring the command for practice only.
R1(config)#ip dhcp pool R1Fa1
R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0
R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.11.5
R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.11.1
Step 3: Verify the DHCP configuration.
You can verify the DHCP server configuration in several different ways. The most basic way is to
configure a host on the subnet to receive an IP address via DHCP. You can then issue commands on the
router to get more information. The show ip dhcp binding command provides information on all currently
assigned DHCP addresses. For instance, the following output shows that the IP address 192.168.10.11
has been assigned to MAC address 3031.632e.3537.6563. The IP lease expires on September 14, 2007
at 7:33 pm.
R1#show ip dhcp binding
IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type
Hardware address
192.168.10.11 0007.EC66.8752 -- Automatic
192.168.11.11 00E0.F724.8EDA Automatic
Step 4. Check results.
Your completion percentage should be 75%. If not, click Check Results to see which required
components are not yet completed.

Task 3: Configure Static and Default Routing

Step 1. Configure static and default routes.
ISP uses static routing to reach all networks beyond R2. However, R2 translates private addresses into
public addresses before sending traffic to ISP. Therefore, ISP must be configured with the public
addresses that are part of the NAT configuration on R2. Enter the following static route on ISP:
ISP(config)#ip route 209.165.200.240 255.255.255.240 serial 0/0/1
This static route includes all addresses assigned to R2 for public use.
Configure a default route on R2 and propagate the route in OSPF.
R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 209.165.200.226
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#default-information originate
Allow a few seconds for R1 to learn the default route from R2 and then check the R1 routing table.
Alternatively, you can clear the routing table with the clear ip route * command. A default route pointing
to R2 should appear in the R1 routing table. From R1, ping the serial 0/0/1 interface on R2
(209.165.200.225). The pings should be successful. Troubleshoot if the pings fail.

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PT Activity 7.4.1: Basic DHCP and NAT Configuration

Step 2. Check results.

Your completion percentage should be 83%. If not, click Check Results to see which required
components are not yet completed.

Task 4: Configure Static NAT

Step 1: Statically map a public IP address to a private IP address.
The inside server attached to R2 is accessible by outside hosts beyond ISP. Statically assign the public
IP address 209.165.200.254 as the address for NAT to use to map packets to the private IP address of
the inside server at 192.168.20.254.
R2(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.20.254 209.165.200.254
Step 2: Specify inside and outside NAT interfaces.
Before NAT can work, you must specify which interfaces are inside and which interfaces are outside.
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0/1
R2(config-if)#ip nat outside
R2(config-if)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip nat inside
Step 3: Verify the static NAT configuration.
From ISP, ping the public IP address 209.165.200.254.
Step 4. Check results.
Your completion percentage should be 92%. If not, click Check Results to see which required
components are not yet completed.

Task 5: Configure Dynamic NAT with a Pool of Addresses

While static NAT provides a permanent mapping between an internal address and a specific public
address, dynamic NAT maps private IP addresses to public addresses. These public IP addresses come
from a NAT pool.
Step 1: Define a pool of global addresses.
Create a pool of addresses to which matched source addresses are translated. The following command
creates a pool named MY-NAT-POOL that translates matched addresses to an available IP address in
the 209.165.200.241 - 209.165.200.246 range.
R2(config)#ip nat pool MY-NAT-POOL 209.165.200.241 209.165.200.246 netmask
255.255.255.248
Step 2: Create a standard access control list to identify which inside addresses are translated.
R2(config)#ip access-list extended NAT
R2(config-std-nacl)#permit ip 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any
R2(config-std-nacl)#permit ip 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.255 any
Step 3: Establish dynamic source translation by binding the pool with the access control list.
A router can have more than one NAT pool and more than one ACL. The following command tells the
router which address pool to use to translate hosts that are allowed by the ACL.
R2(config)#ip nat inside source list NAT pool MY-NAT-POOL

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PT Activity 7.4.1: Basic DHCP and NAT Configuration

Step 4: Specify inside and outside NAT interfaces.

You have already specified the inside and outside interfaces for your static NAT configuration. Now add
the serial interface linked to R1 as an inside interface.
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
R2(config-if)#ip nat inside
Step 5: Verify the configuration.
Ping ISP from PC1 and PC2. Then use the show ip nat translations command on R2 to verify NAT.
R2#show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global
Inside local
--- 209.165.200.241
192.168.10.11
--- 209.165.200.242
192.168.11.11
--- 209.165.200.254
192.168.20.254

Outside local
-------

Outside global
-------

Step 6. Check results.

Your completion percentage should be 97%. If not, click Check Results to see which required
components are not yet completed.

Task 6: Configure NAT Overload

In the previous example, what would happen if you needed more than the six public IP addresses that the
pool allows?
By tracking port numbers, NAT overloading allows multiple inside users to reuse a public IP address.
In this task, you will remove the pool and mapping statement configured in the previous task. Then you
will configure NAT overload on R2 so that all internal IP addresses are translated to the R2 S0/0/1
address when connecting to any outside device.
Step 1: Remove the NAT pool and mapping statement.
Use the following commands to remove the NAT pool and the map to the NAT ACL.
R2(config)#no ip nat pool MY-NAT-POOL 209.165.200.241 209.165.200.246 netmask
255.255.255.248
R2(config)#no ip nat inside source list NAT pool MY-NAT-POOL
If you receive the following message, clear your NAT translations.
%Pool MY-NAT-POOL in use, cannot destroy
R2#clear ip nat translation *
Step 2: Configure PAT on R2 using the serial 0/0/1 interface public IP address.
The configuration is similar to dynamic NAT, except that instead of a pool of addresses, the interface
keyword is used to identify the outside IP address. Therefore, no NAT pool is defined. The overload
keyword enables the addition of the port number to the translation.
Because you already configured an ACL to identify which inside IP addresses to translate as well as
which interfaces are inside and outside, you only need to configure the following:
R2(config)#ip nat inside source list NAT interface S0/0/1 overload
Step 3: Verify the configuration.
Ping ISP from PC1 and PC2. Then use the show ip nat translations command on R2 to verify NAT.
R2#show ip nat translations
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Pro Inside global

Inside local
icmp 209.165.200.225:3 192.168.10.11:3
209.165.200.226:3
icmp 209.165.200.225:1024192.168.11.11:3
209.165.200.226:1024
--- 209.165.200.254
192.168.20.254

PT Activity 7.4.1: Basic DHCP and NAT Configuration

Outside local
209.165.200.226:3

Outside global

209.165.200.226:3
---

---

Note: In the previous task, you could have added the keyword overload to the ip nat inside source list
NAT pool MY-NAT-POOL command to allow for more than six concurrent users.
Step 4. Check results.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. If not, click Check Results to see which required
components are not yet completed.

All contents are Copyright 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.

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