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    Developed by Cheryl McConnell RN MSN

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    Arva Glazel Defensor Gallofin
    Here are 3 key points I would teach for hepatitis prevention: 1. Practice good hand hygiene and avoid contact with blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals to prevent transmission of hepatitis A, B, and C. 2. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B which are available to prevent infection. 3. Do not share personal care items like toothbrushes and razors that may transmit blood between individuals to prevent hepatitis A, B, and C infection.

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    Developed by Cheryl McConnell RN MSN

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    Arva Glazel Defensor Gallofin
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    Here are 3 key points I would teach for hepatitis prevention: 1. Practice good hand hygiene and avoid contact with blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals to prevent transmission of hepatitis A, B, and C. 2. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B which are available to prevent infection. 3. Do not share personal care items like toothbrushes and razors that may transmit blood between individuals to prevent hepatitis A, B, and C infection.

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    Here are 3 key points I would teach for hepatitis prevention: 1. Practice good hand hygiene and avoid contact with blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals to prevent transmission of hepatitis A, B, and C. 2. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B which are available to prevent infection. 3. Do not share personal care items like toothbrushes and razors that may transmit blood between individuals to prevent hepatitis A, B, and C infection.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    77 views17 pages

    Developed by Cheryl McConnell RN MSN

    Uploaded by

    Arva Glazel Defensor Gallofin
    Here are 3 key points I would teach for hepatitis prevention: 1. Practice good hand hygiene and avoid contact with blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals to prevent transmission of hepatitis A, B, and C. 2. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B which are available to prevent infection. 3. Do not share personal care items like toothbrushes and razors that may transmit blood between individuals to prevent hepatitis A, B, and C infection.

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    Hepatitis

    Developed by
    Cheryl McConnell RN MSN
    Pathophysiology of Hepatitis
     Caused by acute viral infection, toxicity, or
    drug induced
     Liver is enlarged and congested
    Distortion of lobular pattern
     Results in increased portal circulation pressure

     Circulation then decreased to liver

     Edema of biliary channels


     Results in obstructive jaundice
    Incidence of Hepatitis
     Hepatitis A = 152,000 - 200,000 annually
     Hepatitis B = 140,000 – 320,000 annually
     Hepatitis C = 36,000 annually
     10,000 die annually due to Hep C related cirrhosis or
    cancer
     One half of all liver transplant due to Hep C
     Up to 10% of deliveries transmit HCV to newborn
     Chronic Hepatitis C = 4 million
    Types of Hepatitis
     Hepatitis A – Infectious, oral/fecal
     Hepatitis B – Serum, blood borne
     Hepatitis C – Post transfusion, blood
     Hepatitis D – with Hep B, drug use
     Hepatitis E - Epidemic, fecal
    contaminated water
     Laennec’s – alcohol induced hepatitis
    Hepatitis A
     Caused by enterovirus family
     Fecal oral contamination
    Children Group homes
    Shellfish Water/food
     Oral anal sexual activity contamination
     Incubation 15 – 50 days
     Mild flu-like signs and symptoms
     Immune globulin within two weeks of
    exposure
    Hepatitis B
     Skin/mucus membrane contamination
    with blood or serous fluid
     Lower concentrations of virus in saliva,
    semen and vaginal fluid
     Incubation: 48 -180 days
     Usually young adults between 20 – 39
     Complications: chronic hepatitis,
    cirrhosis, liver cancer
    Hepatitis C
     Skin/mucus membrane exposure with blood or
    serum
    IV drug use tatoos piercings
    toothbrushes razors blood tx prior to 1992
    needle sticks
     Incubation: 21 – 140 days (avg=7weeks)
     90% develop chronic hepatitis
     #1 cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer
     Usually severe signs and symptoms
    Hepatitis D
     Seen with Hepatitis B
     Same contamination
    route as Hep B
     Incubation: 14 – 56
    days
     Usually
    asymptomatic
    Hepatitis E
     Waterborne virus
     Contaminated water in

    third world countries =


    fecal oral route
     Incubation: 15 – 64

    days
    Signs and Symptoms
    Abdominal pain
    Joint and muscle pain
    Change in bowel function
    Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
    Lethargy, malaise
    Fever (Hepatitis A)
    Irritability
    More Signs and Symptoms
    Jaundice
    clay colored stools
    dark urine
    Pruritis/urticaria
    Skin abrasions
    Rash
    Diagnostic Data
     Elevated liver enzymes
     ALT

     AST

     Alkaline phosphatase

     Serum Bilirubin
     Urine Bilirubin
     Specific serum antibodies ie:
    anti-HAV
     ELISA
    More Diagnostics
     Liver biopsy –
    chronic versus
    acute
     Extent of liver

    damage
     Helps to

    determine a
    prognosis
    Treatment

     Rest
     Diversional activities
     Diet – High in carbs and calories; moderate fat
    and protein
     Meds – antiemetics ( No Compazine)
    Inferon for Hepatitis B and C
    antivirals for Hepatitis B
    Treatment
     Comfort – decrease odors
     Liver transplant
     Home care
     Infection control
     Long term rehabilitation
     No hepatotoxic agents
     Alcohol, acetaminophen,
     Rest
     Diet
    Prevention Teaching
     What would you teach?

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