&ckdif&kd;rrSm b0wauGh

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 ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay.
trSmpm
· jynfolbufrS &yfwnfaom awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;onf zqyvacwf rSonf ,ae@ etzppftpkd;&acwftxd
azmufjyefa&;tpkd;&tqufqufukd Armjynfw0ef; jynfe,fESifh a'otoD;oD;wkd@wGif rdrdwkd@.toufaoG; ac|;rsm;
ay;vSLum qif;&J'kuQtrsKd;rsKd;ukd &ifqkdifausmfv$m;+yD; wkdufyJ0G ifcJh=u&ygonf?
· &ckdifjynfe,f/ weoFm&D paoma'owkd@rS ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. om;aumif;&wem/
orD;aumif;&wemwkd@onfvnf; azmufjyefaom tpkd;& tqufqufukd ZGJebJ}uD;pGm a&&SnfwkdufyGJ qifE$JcJh±kHomru
ajrmufjrm;vS pGmaom tmZmenfESifh ol&Jaumif;&Jabmfrsm;onf Armjynfolw&yfvkH; vkH;0 vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf
olwdk@.wefzkd;&SdvSaom toufaoG;rsm;ukd paw;ay; vSLoGm;cJh=uavonf?
· ygwD.acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfaom uG,fvGefoGm;+yD jzpfonfh &Jabmfausmfjr. usef&pfol ZeD;onf &ckdiftrsKd;orD;
=umOD;jzL(a':OD;pdef) onf &Jabmfausmfjr tygt0if ygwDtvHawmfatmufrS &ckdifjynfe,fwGif awmfvSefa&;qifE$J&if;
usqkH;oGm;cJh=uaom ol&Jaumif;tmZmenfrsm;ESifh &ckdif±kd;r. awmfvSefa&; wkdufyGJrsm;ukd wrf;wvGrf;qGwfpGmjzifh
*k%fjyKa&;zGJ@vmygonf?
· av;pm;tm;uszG,f tmZmenf ol&Jaumif;&Jabmfrsm;. pdwf"mwf/ &ckdif jynfe,fajymufusm;wkdufyJrG sm;ESifh
ajymufusm;a'otawG@t}uKHrsm;xJrS twk,lp&m pHerlemrsm;ESifh qifjcifzG,foifcef;pmrsm;ukd vufqifhurf;vkdaom
apwemwkd@jzifh Tpmtkyfuav;wGif olcHpm;rdonfhtwkdif; ±kd;±kd;&Sif;&Sif;jzifh olwwfEkdifor# azmfxkwfa&;zGJ@xm;avonf?
· +yD;jynfhpkHonf[krqkdEkdifaomfvnf; tenf;qkH;tm;jzifh &ckdifjynfe,frSm qifEJ$cJhaom awmfvSef a&;/ ajymufusm;a'orS
tqif;&Jtyifyef;cH vkH;yef; wkdufckdufcJh&r_rsm;ta=umif;ESifh av;pm;*k%fjyKtyfaom tmZmenf&Jabmf rsm;ta=umif;
wwfEkdifor# rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; pmtkyfav; wtkyfawmh jzpfayvdrfhrnf[k xifjrifar#mfvifhrdygonf/ ?

ESi;f qDviG jf yifpmay

(2006-ckESpf)
 &Jabmf ausmfjr
(1915-2005)

ckdifjynfe,f ygwDtwGif;a&;r–; &Jabmfausmfjr.rdom;pk

&ckdifjynfe,frS ygwDA[kdokd@ xGufvmpOfu
(1979-yDuif;)
 ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay
2006ckESpf =o*kwfv


=umOD;jzL (a':OD;pde)f

&ckdif¶kd;rrSm b0wauG@
yda,[d 0dy`a,ma*g 'kauQm
(cspfcifolESifh auGuGif;&jcif; qif;&J)

cspfcifav;pm;&ygaom &Jabmfausmfjræ
ol usrwkd@rdom;pkESifh jynfolvlxktaygif;ukd cGJcGmoGm;cJhonfrSm 2005-ckESpf/ 4 v/ 21
&ufae@rkd@ ,ae@tcsdefwGif wESpfoufwrf;yif ausmfvmcJhacs+yD? usruawmh rae@wae@uvkdyif cHpm;ae&qJyg? ol
ajymcJhaompum;awGæol v_yf&Sm;cJhaom oGifjyiftrlt&mawGæusrpdwfxJrSm ,ae@wkdif jrifa,mifaeqJ ygay? usr
rD;zkdxJrSm csufðywfaewkef;æol@ac:oHukd =um;vkdufrdojzifh ±kwfw&uf tdyfcef;wGif;okd@ tajy;av;0ifoGm;vkdufrdonf?
tcef;0a&mufrS usr jyefvnf owd0ifvmrdonf?
tkdæolr&Sdawmhygvm;?
usrrSm ,if;uJhokd@ owdvufvGwfjzifh ol&Sdaeao;ovkd xifa,mif jrifrSm; jzpfrdonfrSm t}udrf}udrf tcgcgyg?
olonf wwfEkdifor# ol@ukd,fwkdif ol@bmom vkyfvkdukdifvkdpdwf &Sdol jzpfygonf? tdrfrSm jzpfjzpf/ aq;±kHrSm
jzpfjzpf ol@bmom v_yf&Sm;&ef }uKd;pm;wwf onf? vrf;rav#mufEkdifayr,fh vrf;av#muf Ekdif&ef }uKd;pm;wwfovkd
rxlrx Ekdifayr,fh xlxEkdifatmif }uKd;pm;wwfoljzpfonf? txl;ojzifh ol@ab;em;rSm b,folrS r&Sd awmhonfhtcg ol
onfuJhokd@ }uKd;pm;vkyfaqmifwwfonf? 'ga=umifh ol@ac:oH=um;vkdufonfESifh usr ol@xH tajy;uav;oGm;rdp+rJ? ol@xH
a&mufoGm; +yDqkdv#if ol@ukd wcgwav ukwifrSmajcwGJvGJæwcgwav wapmif;}uD; rvSnfhEkdif/ ra&$@Ekdif jzpfaewm
awG@&wwfonf? 'ga=umifh usrwkd@rSm ol@ukd wa,mufxJ rxm;&Jyg? usrwkd@ rdom;pk wa,mufwvSnfhpD apmifh+yD;
jyKpk=u&ygonf? txl;ojzifh om;ESifhusr wa,mufwvSnfhpD yifwkdifjyKpk=u&onf? useforD; awGuvnf; olwkd@
twwfEkdifqkH; tcsdef,l+yD; vma&muf jyKpkwwf =uygonf?
olonf aq;±kHay:rSm wESpfwkdifonftxd aecJh&ygonf? ol@yifukd,fpdwf "mwft&qkdv#if aq;±kHwuf&rSm
tvGef0efav;wwfolyg? ol rusef;rrmjzpfwkdif; usruyJ ol@ukd twif;wkdufwGef;+yD; aq;±kHwif&onfcsnf;jzpfonf?
aq;±kH wuf&+yDqkdawmhvnf; wygwfavmuf =umvm+yDqkdv#ifyif tdrfjyefzkd@ awmif;qkdae wwfonf? q&m0efvmv#if
b,fawmhtdrfjyef&rvJ[k usrukd tar;ckdif; wwfonf? olu w±kwfpum;raygufojzifh olukd,fwkdif rar;Ekdif&Smyg? ol.
aemufykdif;usef;rma&;tajctaeonf aq;±kHESifh uif;uGmIr&Ekdifonfh tajc tae jzpfvmaeygonf?
onfvkdESifh 2004-ckESpf/ 11-v/ 10-&ufae@(ol@arG;ae@) a&muf&Sd&ef eD;uyfvmonfhtcsdefwGif usru
q&m0efxHcGifhyef+yD; ol@ukd tdrfokd@ c% jyefac:vmcJyh gonf? ol@twGuf arG;ae@yGJuav;vkyfay;vkdI jzpfygonf?
arG;aeyGJ[k qkd&aomfvnf; }uD;}uD;us,fus,f awmh r[kwfyg? cifrif&if;ESD;aom &Jabmfrsm;/ rdwf aqGrsm;
av;ig;q,fa,mufavmuf zdwfac:+yD; om;awG orD;awG ukd,fwkdif a=umfavSmfay;onfh acgufqJaG =umfESifh {nfhcH±kHom
jzpfygonf? t"du-uawmh ol@ukd ol@rdwfaqGa&mif;&if;rsm;ESifh awG@qkHapvkdonfh &nf&G,fcsufyg? ,if;tcg
ol@pdwf"mwfrSm wpkHw&m vef;qef;r_&Sdvm+yD; pdwfauseyfr_&&Sd vmygonf? olonf &Jabmfrsm;/ taygif;tazmf
a&mif;&if;rsm;ukd tvGefcifrifwrf;wwwfolyg? ol@ woufwmb0 rSm &Jabmfrsm;t=um;/ jynfolrsm; t=um;
oGm;vmaexkdifcJholrkd@ txD;usefb0rsKd;rSm raewwfoljzpfygonf? ol@twGuf arG;ae@yGJav; jyKvkyfay; &onfrSm
atmifjrifr_&Sdonf[k usrpdwfrmS xifjrifcpH m;rdygonf? ol ajym[,f-qkd[,fESifh aysmfaysmfyg;yg; jzpfvmwm
jrif&onfhtwGuf usr auseyfrdygonf?
tJ'Dtacgufu tdrfrSm ol (7) &uf aeoGm;cJhygonf? aq;±kHa&muf+yD; aemuf ol aemufwacguf tdrfokd@
jyefrvm EkdifcJhawmhyg? ol qkH;yg;cgeD; &uf(20) cef@tvkdrSm ol tdrfwacguf jyefvkda=umif; q&m0efxH cGifhawmif;ygonf?
q&m0efu aemufxyf &uf(20) avmufapmifhygæwJh? &uf(20) jynfhv#if tdrfjyefcGifhjyKrnf qkdaomtcg usryifv#if
tm;wufvmrdygao;onf? aemufxyf q,f&ufcef@ ausmfvGefvmaomtcgwGifrlum;
usr.ar#mfvifhcsufa&mifjcnfuav; òyuGJqkH;yg; oGm;&awmhrnfukd usr &dyfpm;rdvmygonf? ol@a&m*gt ajctaeukd
od&Sdxm;=uvkd@ q&m0efu &uf(20) apmifhckdif;xm;wmukd;? ol b,fvkdrS tdrfjyefvmEkdif awmhrnf r[kwfrSef;
usronfyifv#if od&Sdvm&yg+yD?
q&m0efajymonfhae@u pwGufv#if (21) &ufajrmufaom ae@rSm ol onf xm0&
tdyfpuftem;,loGm;ygawmhonf? olESifhusr tdrfaxmifuscJh wmuvnf; 2006-ckESpf/ 4-v/ 27-&ufae@rSm
tdrfaxmifoufwrf; tESpf(40) jynfhajrmufayawmhrnf? olESifh aygif;oif;cJhonfh (39) ESpfausmf umvtwGif; ZeD;
armifESHvkdwrsKd;/ &Jabmf&JbufvkdwzkH tjzpftysufrsKd;pkHwkd@onf ajymrukef a&;rukef avmufonftxdygyJ?
ol@uG,fvGefjcif;onf ygwDESifh jynfolvlxktwGuf }uD;rm; onfh qkH;±_H;r_}uD;w&yfjzpfovkd usrwkd@rdom;pktwGufvnf;
urBm}uD;ysuf ovkdygyJvm;?
,cktcg ol@ta=umif; jyefvnfpOf;pm;vkdufrdonfhtcgwkdif; olESifh pwifawG@&SdcJh&onfh
&ckdifjynfe,fajymufusm;a'oESifh &ckdifjynfe,fawmfvSef a&;rsm;ta=umif;ukdvnf; usr r=umc%qkdovkd jyefvnf
owd&aerdwwf ygonf? oltygt0if usqkH;oGm;=u&Sm+yDjzpfaom &ckdifjynfe,frS acgif;aqmifrsm;/
awmfvSefa&;ol&Jaumif; tmZmenf &Jabmfrsm;. ykH&dyfawGukdvnf; jyefvnfjrif a,mifvm rdygonf?
usr pdwftm±kHwGif; jyefvnfxif[yfvmonfh ±kyfoGifykH&dyfrsm;onf Tr#om ruao;yg?
rkd;oufrkefwkdif;twGif;rS tHcJ&yfwnfcJh&onfh &ckdifjynfe,fæ &ckdif awmfvSefa&;æ? &ckdif±kd;ræ?
onfhaemuf awmfvSefa&;twGif;okd@ usr pwif0ifa&mufvmcJhykH ta=umif;æ?

awmfvSefa&;c&D;tp

1966-ckESpf?
avSuav;onf a&jyifukd jzwfcGJvsuf w&dyf&dyfajy;aeygonf? avSOD;ESifh xkd;cGJvkdufonfwGif a&jyifonf
v_dif;*,ufuav;rsm; jzmxGufum ckefayguf vGifhpifoGm;=uygonf?
usr&ifonfvnf; a&jyifrS v_dif;*,ufav;rsm;enf;wl wzswfzswf ckefaeonf[k usr cHpm;ae&onf?
usr.awmfvSefa&; c&D;tpayukd;?
avSay:wGifum; vl(4) a,muf? &ckdifjynfe,f ygwDrS 'k-twGif;a&;r–; &Jabmfwl (ac:) OD;wl? usræ? aemuf+yD;
OD;wl. &JabmfESpfa,muf?
tdrfrS cGJcGmvmcgpjzpfojzifh usrrSm tdrfukd jyefvnf owd&aerdygonf? usronf qif;&Jv,form;
tvwfv$m tdrf axmifpkrS arG;zGm;vmcJholyg? nDtukd armifESpfr ajcmufa,mufteuf t}uD;qkH;jzpfygonf?
ygwDA[kd.trsKd;orD; pnf;±kH;a&;ay:vpD &ckdif jynfde,fokd@ a&muf&Sdvm+yD;onfhaemuf trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; awmfvSef
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usrtaejzifh ygwDqkdwm bmvJvkd@awmif odcJholr[kwfyg? usrod onfuawmh
ajymufusm;rsm;qkdolawGukdom? ajymufusm;qkdolawGonf trsm;twGuf tvkyfvkyfonf? txl;ojzifh
qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf tvkyf vkyf onf? qif;&Jom;rsm;bufu &yfwnfonfæ[lIom usrodygonf? usr
awmfvSefa&;xJ/ ygwDxJ pwif0if a&mufvmrdjcif;onf wkdufyJGi,fuav;wck atmifjrifjcif;yJ [lI usr cH,lrdygonf?
“ajymufusm;vkyfw,fqkdwm a,musfm;om;awGyJ vkyf=uwmæ a,musfm;awmifrS ysif;&dwJh
tvkyfrvkyfcsifwJholawGrS vkyfwm”qkd+yD; tazrSty usefaqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;u qef@usifcJh=uygonf? tazuawmh
axmufcHonf? tazu aus;&GmygwD0ifwOD;vnf; jzpfonf? tazu ygwDta=umif;ukd em;vnf xm;olrkd@ usrukd
rqef@usifbJ axmufcHcJhwmyg?
usr ajymufusm;wyfom;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif&GufvkdonfhqENjzpf ay:vm rdonfrSm ±kd;±kd;uav;ajym&v#if
zdESdyfwmukdr}uKdufvkd@/ zdESdyfwm rcHcsifvkd@yg? zdESdyfr_vkd@okH;wm ygwDxJa&mufrS od&Sdvm&aomtokH;tE_ef;yg? ykd+yD;
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tdrfaxmifusonfhtcg vifa,musfm;awGu ukd,fhZeD;onf tay: tvGeftrif; tEkdifusifhwwf=uygonf/ qkd;qkd;0g;0g;
±kdufESufqJqkd wmukd vkyf±kd;vkyfpOfwckvkd vG,fvG,fayghayghav;yJ vkyfaewwf=uonf? onftjcif;t&m ukd usr
wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;wD;pdwf jzpfay:cJh&onf?
ukd,fvnf; tcsdefwefvkd@ tdrfaxmif&ufom;uscJhv#if 'DtjzpfrsKd;}uKH &rSmukd wpdrfhpdrfhawG;+yD;
a=umufaerdcJhonf? 'Dvkdb0rsKd; r}uKHcsifyg? ygwD tokH; tE_ef;ESifhajym&v#if 'Dvkdb0rsKd;u vGwfajrmufatmif/
uif;a0;atmif ±kef;xGufcsif wmygyJ? onfvkdpdwfrsKd;0ifaeonfhtcsdefrSm wkdufwkdufqkdifqkdif trsKd;orD; &Jabmfopf
pnf;±kH;odrf;oGif;&ef pwif}uKd;yrf;vmonfh &JabmfwlESifh pwifawG@ &Sdvkduf&avonf? &Jabmfwl
pnf;±kH;&Sif;vif;ajymjyonfh pum;awGuawmh trsm;}uD;yg? 'gayrJh usr em;vnfvufcHvkdufrdonfuawmh
&Jabmfvkyfv#if 'Dvkd b0rsKd;u vGwfajrmufEkdifonfqfkdwmyJ jzpfygonf?
avSay:wGifvkdufyg&if; onfvkd a&mufwwf&m&m awG;awm pOf;pm;ae rdqJ OD;wl.pum;oHay:xGufvmojzifh
em;pGifhvkdufrdonf? “tckqkd&if rif;u trsKd;orD;&Jabmfwa,muf jzpfvm+yD? tckupvkd@ ukd,f[m ±kd;±kd;t&yfom;
wa,muf r[kwfawmhbl;? trsKd;om;awGeJ@ wef;wl &ifabmifwef;+yD; EkdifiHa&; wm0efxrf;aqmif&awmhr,fqkdwm
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wkd@a&muf&r,fhae&mu vlrsKd;pka'oyJ? 'DvlrsKd;pka'orSm &Sufovkd a=umufovkd vkyfae&if tvkyfjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;?
'ghtjyif olwkd@ukd apmfum;&m awmif usvdrfhr,f? 'ga=umifh 'Dtcsufukd owdxm;&r,f”[lI
ajymqkd!¸ef=um;aeygonf? }um;om ae&aomfvnf; bmukd qkdvkdrSef; usr oabmraygufyg?
onfokd@ESifh avSuav;onf &Gmw&Gmokd@ qkdufuyfa&muf&SdoGm;yg onf? &Gmokd@a&mufrS usr
tenf;i,foabmaygufovkd &Sdvm&ygonf? &Gmu “òr” trsKd;om;&Gmyg? òrtrsKd;orD;rsm;onf }uD;i,fr[l b,folrS
tusô0wf rxm;=uyg? xbDtaeESifhawmh olwkd@&ufvkyfonfh wxGmywfvnfavmufom&Sdaom teufydwfpukd
aygifwjcrf;azmf+yD; cg;pnf;}uKd;ESifh pnf;xm;wwf =uygonf? usrrSm ukd,fhtxuf vl}uD;wa,mufa&S@wGifvnf;jzpf/
tjcm;trsKd; om;rsm;a&S@wGifvnf; jzpfojzifh olwkd@ukdjrifvkduf&onfESifh rsufESm b,fxm;&rSef;rodaatmif
jzpfoGm;rdygawmhonf?
&GmxJ0if+yD;aemuf tdrfwtdrfay:okdf@ olwkd@a&S@u wufoGm;ESifh=uyg onf? olwkd@om
tdrfay:a&mufoGm;=uaomfvnf; usrrSm tdrfay:a&mufatmif b,fvkdwuf&rSef;rod jzpfaeqJyg? ta=umif;rlum;
tdrfay:wuf&ef avSum; ozG,faxmifxm;onfh opfwkH;wckom &SdaeonfhtwGuf jzpfygonf? opfwkH;ukd
xpf±kHxpfxm;+yD; ukdifwG,f+yD;wuf&eftwGuf vufukdifwef;uvnf; wyfrxm;yg? aemufqkH;wGifopfwkH;avSum;ay:
av;bufwGm;+yD; wuf&ygawmhonf? cJcJ,Of; ,Of; tdrfay:a&muf&SdoGm;onfhtcg OD;wlu tdrf&Sif OD;}uD; ta':}uD;wkd@ESifh
usrukd rdwfqufay;ygonf? “'gæ tckrSygvmwJh trsKd;orD;&Jabmfopf”[k qkdygonf? olu usrbufokd@vSnfh+yD;
“ 'gætpyJ &Sdao;w,f? wkH;avSum; av;awmif rwufwwfao;bl;”[lI &,farmajymqkdygonf? usrrSm &SufoGm;+yD;
tenf;i,f pdwfwkdcsifovkdvkdvnf; jzpfoGm;rd ygonf? 'gayrJh “ig t&yfom;r[kwfawmh ygvm;”[laompdwfjzifh
ukd,fhukd,fukd jyefxdef;vkduf&onf?
tdrf&Sif ta':}uD;u ESD;zsmuav; wcsyfcif;ay;+yD; usrwkd@ukd txkdifckdif; um xrif;yGJ jyifygonf?
xrif;qmae=u+yD jzpfonfhtwGuf xrif;pm;&awmhrnf qkdojzifh 0rf;omoGm;rdonf? tdrf&Sifta':}uD;u
paumwcsyfwGif iSufaysmzuf cif;+yD; xrif;wykHpDESifh i±kwfoD;wawmifhpD xnfhay;ygonf? onfhaemuf rJrJ
twkH;}uD;wwkH;ESifh 0g;r#pfwkwfwkwfav;awG jzwfxnfhxm;onfh cGufwcGuf ukdvnf; csvmonf? usrrSm
jrifvkduf&onfESifh pm;&rSmyif vef@oGm;rd.? usr rsufESm b,fenf;b,fykHjzpfoGm;onfukd usrbmom usrrodvkdufrdyg?
OD;wl uawmh tuJcwfvkdufdrd [efwlonf? “tJ'g òrvlrsKd;wkd@&J@ txl;av;pm;or_eJ@ au|;wJh[if;yJ? qifom;ajcmufeJ@
r#pfðywf[if;av”[lI &Sif;jyaeygonf? usr bmrS jyefajymraeawmhbJ acgif;omndwfjyvkduf&onf? ygwD.acgif;aqmifr_
atmufrSm awmfvSefa&;wyfom;wOD;.b0/ &JabmfwOD;&J@ b0 pwifc+Jh yDyJ?

wyfom;opftjzpf b0tajymif;tvJ

“awmfvSefa&;orm;qkdwm vlxkukd t+rJxm0& av;pm;&w,f? txl;ojzifh vlrsKd;pkawGeJ@ qufqH&mrSm

txl;*±kpkduf&r,f? olwkd@em;rvnfwJhudpP/ olwkd@todrjynfhpkHao;wJhudpPawGrSmvnf; txiftjrifao;+yD; ESdrfhcswJh
qufqHa&; rsKd; rvkyf&bl;? av;av;pm;pm; qufqH&r,f”
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&ckdifjynfe,f.jynfe,f ygwDdtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpf &ckdif awmfvSefa&ukd acgif;aqmifaeaom &Jabmfausmfjronf
ol@pcef; twkdufcH&+yD; ol@ZeD;tygt0if &Jabmfrsm; usqkH;oGm;ojzifh }uD;pGmaom qkH;±_H;epfemr_ukd }uKHawG@cJh&ygonf?
xkd@a=umifh pdwfxd ckdufr_ukd cHpm;aeonfhtjyif usef;rma&;vnf; csKd@,Gif;vmae ygonf? xkdr#omruao;yg?
&JabmfausmfjrwGif vlrr,f uav;i,fwOD;vnf; usef&pfaecJhygao;onf? (“pef;pef;”yg) onforD;i,fav;twGuf
xdef;ausmif;&ef vlvkdaeygonf? &Jabmfrsm;u wa,mufwvSnfhpD orD;i,fav;ukd =unfhay;ae =uonf? okd@&mwGif
a&&SnfrSm &Jabmfrsm; wa,mufwvSnfhpD =unfhay;&ef b,f rSm jzpfEkdifygrnfenf;? &Jabmf rsm;onfvnf;
ukd,fhwm0efESifhukd,f toD;oD; vkyfief;wm0ef &Sdae=uygonf?
twGif;a&;r–;onf uav;uwzuf/ usef;rma&;uwzufESifh vkyfief; wm0efrsm;ukd aumif;pGm rvkyfEdkifbJ
jzpfae&onf? &Jabmfausmfjr vkyfief;wm0ef awGukd ukd,fzd&ifzd aumif;rGefpGm rvkyfEkdifygu &ckdifjynfe,f&Sd
ygwDvkyfief;rsm;/ &ckdifawmfvSefa&;ESifh ajymufusm; a'ovkyfief;rsm; }uD;rm;pGm xdckdufqkH;±_H;r_awG jzpfvmEkdifonfrSm
trSefyif jzpfygonf?
onfudpPonf omrefudpP r[kwfyg? awmfvSefa&;twGuf ta&;}uD; aom udpPjzpfvmaoma=umifh
&ckdifajymuf usm;a'orS acgif;aqmifrsm; acgif;csif; ±kdufaqG;aEG;=u&ygawmhonf? tpu onfudpP usrxH
a&mufvmvdrfhrnf[k rxifcJhrdyg? usrukd acgif;aqmifrsm;u aqG;aEG;vmaomtcgwGif usr.taz a&m/ &Jabmf
wlwkd@uyg onfudpPukd oabmwlpDpOf+yD;om; jzpfaeyg+yD? usrtae jzifh tpuajymcJhovkd vGwfvGwfvyfvyfb0jzifh
awmfvSefa&;wm0efukd xrf; aqmifvkdpdwf&Sdaeao;aomfvnf; acgif;aqmifrsm;u 0kdif;+yD; onfwm0efrSm ta&;}uD;aom
wm0efjzpfa=umif;/ onfwm0efonf ygwDtwGif;a&;r–; &Jabmf ausmfjrukd ulnD±kHomru &Jabmfrsm;ESifh
&ckdifawmfvSefa&;ukd ulnDtvkyftau|; jyKjcif; jzpfa=umif; tav; teufaqG;aEG;vmojzifh usr oabmwl acgif;ndwf
vkduf &ygawmhonf?olwkd@ajymovkdyif usr onfwm0efukd ,lcJhonfhtwGuf &ckdif jynfe,frS &Jabmfrsm;omruyJ
usrwkd@e,frS vlxk.av;pm;r_ukd cHcJh&ygonf?
'ga=umifh onfESpfonf usrb0twGuf qpfcsKd;tvSnfhtajymif;awG rsm;onfhESpf[k qkdrdjcif;jzpfygonf?
onfESpfwGifyif awmfvSefa&; ajymufusm; &Jabmfb0 a&mufcJh&onf? onfESpfwGifyif rar#mfvifhbJ tdrfaxmifuscJh&onf?
tdrfaxmifus±kHr#ruyg/ uav; rdcifb0ok@d csufcsif;a&mufonf[kvnf; qkdEkdif ygonf? &JabmfausmfjrwGif
use&f pfaecJhaom pef;pef;udkd usrorD;vkd tppt&m&m usr wm0ef,l apmifha&SmufcJh&ygonf?
 &ckdifjynfe,f ajymufusm; tajccHa'owGifvnf; tajymif;tvJrsm; qufwkdufqkdovkd jzpfay:vmaeygonf?
onfESpfrSmyif ygwDA[kd.ukd,fpm;vS,f jzpfol &JabmfAkdvfaZ,s &ckdifjynfe,fokd@ a&muf&Sdvmonf? AkdvfaZ,s a&mufvm
+yD;aemuf acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tpnf;ta0;twGuf jyiffqifa&;vkyfief;rsm; pvkyf+yD; jynfe,faumfrwDtpnf;ta0;
usif;ycJh=uygonf? TtcsdefwGif aemufxyf tajymif;tvJwckrSmum; AkdvfaZ,s &ckdifjynfe,fukd a&muf&Sdvm a=umif;
&efolu owif;&oGm;+yD;aemuf “&Jrif;OD;”xkd;ppfqkdaom trnfjzifh xkd;ppf}uD; qifvmjcif; jzpfavonf?

oifwef;wuf&jcif;

&efol.“&Jrif;OD;”xkd;ppfukd pwifawmhrnfh ta=umif; =um;odae& aomfvnf; ygwD.rlvtpDtpOft&

wyfom;opfrsm;ukd ppfa&;tajccH oifwef; wck zGifhvSpfoif=um;ay;&ef &Sdaeygonf? oifwef;ukd e*kdu vlrsm;pkESifh
zGifhvSpf oif=um;ay;&ef tpDtpOf &Sdaomfvnf; &efol@xkd;ppf pvmrnfh tajctaea=umifh vlenf;pkESifh om
zGihfvpS fcJh&ygonf?
usrtaejzifh ygwDwGif;a&mufrS acgif;aqmifrsm;.ynmay;oGef oifr_a=umifh pepfqkdonfta=umif;/
ygwDta=umif;/ awmfvSefa&;ta=umif; wpkHw&m em;vnfvm&ygonf? usrwkd@rSm ynmrwwf=uyg? xkd@a=umifh
ygwDwGif;wGif &Jabmfrsm;.pmayoifay;r_ukdvnf; wzufrS oif,lae&onf? tjcm;wzufrSrl ygwDta=umif;/
jynfolta=umif;/ txl;ojzifh EkdifiHa&; ta=umif;awGukd avhvmoif,l&ygonf? usrwkd@acgif;aqmifrsm;onf oifwef;
oabmrsKd;r[kwfbJ olwkd@tm;v#iftm;ovkd wpcef;vkH;ukdac:+yD; ygwDta=umif;/ EdkifiHa&;ta=umif;/
jynfolvlxkta=umif; ponfwkd@ukd a[majymaqG;aEG; jywwf ygonf?
&Jabmfrsm; roifrae& oif&rnfh tajccHppfa&;oifwef;onfvnf; pwifvmcJhyg+yD? &efolESifh
ta&;ay:awG@qkHwkdufyGJjzpfonfhtcg rdrdukd,fukd umuG,f+yD; jyefvnfwkdufckdufEkdifa&;twGuf &nf&G,fjcif;jzpfygonf?
onf oifwef;twGif;rSmyif usrtaejzifh rarhEkdifonfh tjzpftysufw&yf jzpfyGm; cJh&ygonf?
tajccHppfoifwef;wuf=uolrsm;xJwGif trsKd;orD;(3) OD;vnf; yg&SdcJh onf? &JabmfrEk/ &Jabmf tjzLar(crD;
trsKd;orD;) ESifh usrwkd@yg? oifwef; pwif+yD; wef;pD/ tav;jyK/ b,fvSnfh nmvSnf havmufom oif&ao;csdefwGif usr
zsm;+yD; temawGaygufvmonfhtwGuf oifwef;wywfaemufus usefcJh ygonf?
usr aeaumif;vmojzifh oifwef;jyefwufonfhtcg vufeufukdif wG,f+yD; csdef&G,fypfcwfonfhtqifhukdyif
a&mufaeav+yD? xkd@a=umifh tjcm; oifwef;om;wkd@ukd trDvkduf&ef usru oifwef;r–;xH cGifhawmif;+yD; tjyifrSm
avhusifh&ygonf? aoewfypfavhusifh&mwGif aoewfajymif;0xdyfrSm q,fjym;aph ukdwif+yD; aoewfarmif;ðzwf&onf?
armif;ðzwfaomtcgwGif q,fjym;aph usroGm;atmif owdxm;avhusifh&ygonf? aoewfu usrwkd@ tac: tar&duef
±kdifz,f uwkH;jzpfygonf? usr aoewfarmif;ðzwfonfhtcg q,fjym;aphu ususoGm;ojzifh rdrdukd,frdrd
rausreyfjzpfaerd+yD; tjyifrSmavhusifhzkd@om pdwfapmaeygonf? xkd@a=umifhyif }uD;av;aom trSm;wckukdf
usL;vGefrdcJh&ygonf? usr avhusifhonfhtcg aoewfESifhusnfukd rppfaq;rdojzifh usnfqefxnfh xm;onfukd
armif;ðzwfvkdufrdjcif; jzpfygonf? oifwef;xJrSmuawmh aoewfukd ppfaq;+yD;rS oifwef;om;rsm;ukd
ukdifwG,fapaoma=umifh bmjy\emrS r&Sdyg? usr tjyifrSm avhusifhawmh aoewf.vkH+cKHa&;cvkwfukd rðzwfbJ
avhusifhypfcwf rdwmyg? &efol@xkd;ppf&SdaecsdefwGif aoewfypfazmufrdjcif;onf }uD;av;aom trSm;[k qkd&ygrnf? usr
aoewfavhusifh&mwGif aoewfajymif;0xdyfwGif q,fjym;aphwifay;olrSm &Jabmf atmifjrodef;(ac:)
&Jabmfodef;aatmifyg? ( ol onf yefqef; txd a&muf&SdvmcJh+yD; aemufykdif;wGif tv,fykdif;a'oY *k%fajymif pGm
usqkH;oGm;cJhaom&Jabmf jzpfygonf)
usr aoewfypfazmufvkdufrdonfhtwGuf wpcef;vkH;vnf; ±kwf±kwf oJoJ jzpfoGm;onf? &efol@xkd;ppf
&SdaeonfhtcsdefwGif aoewfypfazmuf rdjcif;jzpf onfhtwGuf csufcsif;yJ pcef;vkH;u|wf tpnf;ta0; ac:+yD; usrwkd@ukd
a0zefa&; vkyf=uygawmhonf? xkdpOfu ppfaq;a0zefr_jyKonfukd OD;aqmifjyKvkyfolrSm &JabmfAkdvfaZ,syg?
onftrSm;twGuf yxrqkH; wm0ef,l&rnfholrSm oifwef; r–;jzpfol &Jabmf atmifausmfckdif(aq;r–;) [k
axmufjyygonf? ta=umif;rlum; oifwef;om;ukd tjyifrSmavhusifhzkd@ cGifhjyKcJholrSm oljzpf+yD; aoewfukd aocsm
ppfaq;+yD;rS avhusifhzkd@ aoaocsmcsm r!¸ef=um;cJhonfhtwGufyg? 'kwd, wm0ef&SdolrSmum; wae@wm- wm0efr–;jzpfol
&Jabmfaat;xGef;[k qkdygonf? wwd,wm0ef,l&rnfholuawmh aoewfukd ukd,fwkdifypfazmufrdol usrygyJ?
usrtaejzifh avhusifh&efom pdwfapmae+yD; aoewfukd rppfaq;bJ cvkwf armif;ðzwfrdonfhtwGuf ab;rSm&Sdaom
&Jabmfwa,muf toufqkH;±_H;zkd@ oDoD uav;om vkdawmhonf[k a0zefygonf? onfhtjyif aoewfoHukd &efolom
=um;oGm;v#if pcef;ukd &efolvmwkduf+yD; xdckdufqkH;±_H;r_awG trsm;}uD; jzpfp&m ta=umif; &Sdaeygonf? xkd@a=umifh
usrtaejzifh }uD;rm;pGm oifcef;pm&um onftjzpftysufav;ukd rarhwJhEkdif jzpfaerdjcif;yg?
usrwkd@rSm v,form;om;orD;rsm; jzpf=uonfhtwGuf tppt&m&m tbufbufwGif oif,lp&mawG
wykHwacgif;}uD; &Sdaeygonf? usrESifh &Jabmf tjzLarwkd@u ±kH;vkyfief;ukd oif=um; wm0ef,l&+yD; &JabmfrEku
aq;vkyfief;ukd oif=um;wm0ef ,l=u&ygonf?
 TtcsdeftwGif; &efol@xkd;ppfjyif;xefvmonfhtwGuf vlrsm;pk}uD;ESifh a&Smifwdrf;&ef rvG,fulaoma=umifh
usrwkd@ pcef; taejzifh ESpfzJ@G cJI G a&Smifwdrf;=u &ygonf? usrwkd@tzGJ@onf AkdvfaZ,stygt0if
&ckdifjynfe,fygwDaumfrwDrsm;ESifh vlenf;pk jzpfygonf? olwkd@onf a&Smif&if;wdrf;&if;rS jynfe,faumfrwD tpnf;
ta0;ukd qufvkyfcJh=uonf?

trsKd;orD;rsm;. b0vGwfajrmufa&;

Ttajymif;tvJrsm;twGif;rS usrcHpm;csufukd azmfjy&v#if usrwkd@ trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzifh b,fwkef;urS

rpOf;pm;cJhrdonfh tvkyfawGukd vkyfukdifae =u&vkd@ tvGefyif pdwftm;xufoefaerdonf? usrwkd@onf b,ft&mrqkd
trsKd; om;rsm;ESifhwef;wl tcGifhta&; &&Sdae=uonf? trsKd;om; &Jabmfrsm;ESifh wef;wl vufeufukdif+yD; avhusifh=u&onf?
qefxrf;vnf;twl/ xif;ckwfvnf; twl/ xrif;csufvnf;twl bmrqkd trsKd;om;rsm;ESifhwef;wl tav;xm;+yD; vkyfief;
wm0efxrf;aqmif&ojzifh auseyfpdwf jzpfay:rdygonf?
tm;vkH;od=uonfhtwkdif; usrwkd@trsKd;orD;rsm;onf wjynfvkH;. vlOD;a&wGufcsufr_t& trsKd;om;rsm;xuf
ykdrsm;ygonf? xkd@a=umifh vlrsm;pkukd pnf;±kH;odrf;oGif;&rnfh awmfvSefa&wyfzJ@G rsm;onf trsKd;orD;rsm;ukd rpnf;±kH;bJ
rjzpfEdkiyf g?
onfhtjyif trsKd;orD;rsm;onf b0t& tzdESdyfcH&onfhbufwGif trsKd;om;rsm;xufykdI tzdESdyfcH&ygonf?
onfhtwGuf pnf;±kH;EkdifcJhv#if trsKd; orD;rsm;onf b0t& pepfqkd;rsm;ukd awmfvSefvkdonfhpdwf ykdrkdwdrf;nGwfEkdif ygonf?
trsKd;om;rsm;onf EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlr_a&; zdESdyfr_wkd@ cH=u&+yD; usrwkd@trsKd;orD;rsm;rSmawmh
onfpepfqkd;rsm;tjyif vifa,musfm;.zdESdyfr_ukdyg cH=u&ao;onf?
em;rvnfrDrSmawmh usrwkd@ trsKd;orD;rsm;b0onf jrifhjrwfvSonf [kyif usr xifcJhrdygao;onf?
ta=umif;rlum; tdrfaxmifus vufxyfxdrf;jrm; onfhtcg “toGif;”[kac:onfh a&$awGaiGawGukd
usrwkd@trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf wifawmif;=u&onfhtwGufyg? pepfta=umif; em;vnfvmonfhtcgwGifrl
wkd@trsKd;orD;awGukd aiG0,fu|efawGvkd a&$aiGawGESifh wb0vkH;ukd 0,fvkduf wmygvm;[k jrifvmrdygonf?
&ckdifjynfe,f&Sd awmifay:ae crD;trsK;d orD;rsm;/ òrtrsKd;orD;rsm; .b0awGonf wu,f
oem;p&maumif;onfh b0awGyg? t&ifwkef;uqkdv#if crD;trsKd;orD;av;rsm;onf t&G,fa&mufvmonfESifh
wbufaom a,musfm; av;tdrfokd@ u|J/ EGm;/ armif;/ "m;wkd@jzifh a&mif;pm;jcif; cHpm;=u&onf? tu,fI crD;
trsKd;orD;i,fu oabmrwlv#ifvnf; a,mufsm;av;bufu twif;qGJac: oGm;+yD; tdrfaxmiftjzpf
t"rRjyKusifhjcif;cH&onfomru a,mufsm;tdrfwGif aiG0,fu|efvkd tvkyfvkyfay;&onf? wcgw&H rdbrsm;bufrS
okH;av;OD;u twif;qGJac:oGm;+yD; a,mufsm;av;tdrf ykd@vkdufonfvnf; &Sdonf?
xkdokd@ a,muQrrsm;tdrf a&mufoGm;+yD;onfhaemufwGif rdbt&if;tdrfrS taztar aoqkH;oGm;onfhwkdif
vifom; (okd@r[kwf) a,muQrrsm; oabmrwl v#if rdbrsm;tdrf jyefoGm;cGifh/ =unfhcGifhr&yg?
orD;ukd a,musfm;ay;pm;pOfu a,mufsm;bufrS ay;&rnfhaiG (okd@ r[kwf) u|J/ EGm;ponfwkd@ukd
a,mufsm;av;bufrS ukefpifaatmif ray;Ekdif v#ifvnf; a&mif;vkdufonfh orD;&SifbufrS jyefodrf;EkdifcGifh &Sdygonf?
om;orD;awG b,fvkdyJ &aeae t0wfwxnf ukd,fwckESifh rdbtdrf jyef&ygonf?
tu,fI vifa,musfm;jzpfol apmpD;pGmaoqkH;oGm;cJhaomf a,mufsm;.nD/ okd@r[kwf
aqGrsKd;awmfpyfolwOD;OD;u vkdcsifonfqkdv#if odrf;ykduf EkdifonfhtcGifhta&; &Sdaeonf? tu,fI b,folrS
rodrf;ykdufbl;qkdv#if OpPm ypPnf; b,favmufyJ &Sd&Sd/ om;orD; b,favmufyJ&Sd&Sd t0wfwxnf ukd,fwckESifh rdrd.
aqGrsKd;bufokd@ jyefvm&onf?
tdrfaxmifbuftjzpfae&pOftwGif;rSmvnf; awmif,m vkyfudkif pm;aomuf=uonfhtcg trsKd;om;rsm;u
awmif,mckwf/ rD;±_d@ +yD;+yDqkdv#if olwkd@wm0efu odyfr&Sdawmhyg? trsKd;orD;rsm;rSmawmh =urf;acGqkdonfh tvkyf onfvnf;
olwkd@tvkyf/ awmif,mrD;±_d@+yD;aemuf tr_duf&Sif;vif;wmvnf; olwkd@tvkyf/ pyg;pl;xkd;wmvnf; olwkd@tvkyf/
pyg;aygif;Ekwfwmvnf; olwkd@ tvkyfæ ponfjzifh rem;wrf; vkyf=u&onf? awmifay: vlrsKd; pkrsm;onf tdrfukd
0g;&GufESifhom rkd;=uonfhtwGuf tdrfaqmufzkd@ 0g;&Gufckwf& pk&onfhtvkyf ukdvnf; trsK;d orD;rsm;om vkyf&onf?
tdrfaxmifom;arG;tvkyfqkdonfhtwkdif; uav;arG;zGm;+yD; uav;&Sd vmonfhwkdifatmif uav;ukd
awmif,mtxd ac:oGm;+yD; awmif,mtvkyfukd qufvufvkyfukdif=u&ygonf? ppftpkd;&wyfawG awmifay:aus;&GmawG
0ifvm+yD qkdv#ifvnf; trsKd;orD;rsm;rSm trsd;om;rsm;vkd rajy;EkdifbJ w&GmvkH;u rdef;rawG pkxm;jcif; cH&+yD;
ppfom;awG.rw&m;jyKusifhr_ukd cH=u&&Smonf? pOf;pm; =unfh=u yg? olwkd@b0awG[m b,favmufoem;p&m
aumif;vkdufovJ? olwkd@uawmh "avhxkH;pHtwkdif; jzpf&wm/ ukokdvfuHa=umifhjzpf&wm-[lIom jrifonf?
pepfqkd;a=umifh[k rjrifEkdif=uao;yg? aemifb0qkdwm &SdcJhv#if trsKd; orD;b0 rjzpfyg&apESifh[kom
nnf;nLqkawmif;wwf=uonf? =um;&onfukdu &ifemp&m aumif;vSygonf?
 crD;trsKd;orD;rsm;. onfvkd tcGifhta&;awG qkH;±_H;ae=u&onfhb0/ csif;trsKd;orD;rsm; t&G,fa&mufvmcsdef
rsufESmrSm Zm (okd@r[kwf) yg;&Jtxkd;cH &onfhb0/ a&mif;pm;cH&aom b0wkd@onf wkdufzsufypf&rnfh "avhqkd;rsm;yif
jzpfonf? t"du wkdufzsufypf &rnfholrSm pepfqkd;tm;vkH;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKaeaom ppftpkd;&yif jzpfygonf? jynfolawG
'Drkdua&pD &&SdvmrS vGwfajrmufvmrS onfpepfqkd;rsm;ukd wpwp ajymif;vJjyKjyif,lEkdifygvdrfhrnf?
usrwkd@ trsKd;orD;rsm; b0vGwfajrmufa&;onf jynfolvlxk}uD; w&yfvkH;.b0vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh
qufpyfaeygonf? jynfolvlxk}uD;b0 rvGwfajrmufao;v#if usrwkd@ trsKd;orD;rsm;. b0vGwfajrmufa&;onfvnf;
&&SdEkdifvdrfhOD;rnfr[kwfyg? xkd@a=umifh jynfolvlxk}uD;. b0vGwfajrmuf a&;wkdufyJGrsm;wGif usrwkd@ trsKd;orD;rsm;onf
tkwfwcsyfoJwyGifh ae&mujzpfap rdrdwwfEkdifonfhae&mrS wufºupGm yg0ifvkyfaqmifoifhonf[k usr odjrifvm ygonf?
ygwDESifh awmfvSefa&;.aus;Zl;a=umifh usr onfuJhokd@ odjrifem;vnf vm&jcif;yg?

AkdfvfaZ,sESifh &Jabmfausmfjrwkd@ ygwDA[kdokd@ c&D;xGufcGmoGm;=ujcif;

tJ'DESpf wrkd;wGif;vkH; &efol@xkd;ppfESifhyJ eyef;vkH;ae&onf[k ajym&yg rnf? xkd;ppftwGif;

usrwkd@.qufoG,fa&;pcef;jzpfaom Akdvf}uD;wifarmif( Armh wyfrawmfom;a[mif;/ ArmtrsKd;om;) wkd@pcef;
twkdufcHcJh&ygonf? Akdvf}uD; wifarmif.ZeD;/ om;ESifhorD; olwkd@om;trd 3-a,mufpvkH; tzrf;cHvkduf&+yD;
tjcm;&JabmfwOD;onfvnf; '%f&m&+yD; tzrf;cHcJh&ao;onf? usrwkd@wyfbufrS csKHckdwkdufckdufcJhonfhtwGuf
&efolppfAkdvfwa,mufao+yD; 3-a,muf '%f&m &oGm;cJhygonf?
Tokd@jzifh &efol. “&Jrif;OD;”xkd;ppf +yD;qkH;oGm;cJhygonf?
onfhaemuf ygwD.tqifhqifhaom au'gtpnf;ta0; qufvuf usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? xkdr#omru
wyfwckvkH; ac:,lpka0;+yD; tpnf;ta0;yGJwck usif;yjyefonf? xkdtpnf;ta0;+yD;qkH;csdefwGif atmufwkdbmvokd@yif
a&muf&Sd av+yD?
tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm; jynfhpkHpGm usif;y+yD;qkH;oGm;aomtcg ygwDA[kd ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfol
&JabmfAkdvfaZ,sonfvnf; yJckd;±kd;r A[kdtpnf;ta0; wuf&eftwGuf &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif;a&;r–;jzpfonfh
&Jabmfausmfjrukdygac:+yD; c&D; pwifxGufcGmoGm;ygawmhonf? jynfe,f wyfpkwpkvnf; vkdufygoGm;onf?
&ckdifjynfe,frSmawmh jynfe,f 'k-twGif;a&;r–;jzpfol &Jabmfwl(ac:) OD;wlu wm0ef,lusef&pfum
vkyfief;wm0efrsm; qufvufxrf;aqmifygonf? &Jabmfwlonf ol@tpDtpOft& jynfe,fpcef;ESifh ppfawGc±kdifpcef;wkd@ukd
pcef; wckwnf;tjzpf aygif;vkduf+yD; vkyfief;rsm;ukd xrf;&GufcJhygonf? wyfukdawmh jynfe,fwyf/ c±kdifwyf oD;jcm;cGJ+yD;
v_yf&Sm;apygonf?

rkefwkdif;/ tiwfab;ESifh qefvkyJG

1967-ckESpfokd@ a&muf&Sdvmygonf?
1967-ckESpfonf &ckdifjynfe,ftwGuf obm0ab;'%fukd tqkd;qkH; cHcJh&aomESpf jzpfcJhonf? avrkefwkdif;
'%fa=umifh ausmufjzL/ ppfawG òr@rsm;rSm tkd;tdrftaqmuftODrsm;òyI vltaotaysmuf&SdcJhonf? rkefwkdif;'%fukd
òr@awG u trsm;qkH; cHvkduf&jcif; jzpfonf?
aus;vufawGrSmawmh tysuftpD; rrsm;yg?
usrwkd@wyfxJwGifvnf; avrkefwkdif;wkdufonfhtcsdefrSm &efol@xkd; ppf0ifaecsdefjzpfonfhtwGuf pcef;wGif;rSmyif
rae=u&bJ pcef;ESifh tenf;i,fa0; aomae&mwGif ,cifu t&Htjzpfaqmufvkyfxm;onfh wvkH;wnf;aom wJxJwiG f
vltm;vkH; pk+yKHae=u&onf? &Jabmfwltygt0if vl(40) avmuf &Sdygonf? wJuav;rSm tawmfa[mif;ae+yDjzpfI
avrkefwkdif;wkdufonfhtcg r=umcifrSmyJ òyusoGm;ygonf? vl}uD;awGa&m uav;awGyg rkd;xJavxJ v[m jyifrSm
ukd,fhrkd;um yvyfpwpfpukd ukd,f+cKH+yD; ikwfwkwfxkdifae=u&onf?
wjznf;jznf; avu jyif;xefvmI ajr}uD;ay:rSm 0yfae&onfhtjzpf a&mufoGm;onf? &Jabmfrsm;onf
avtenf;i,f oufomvmonfESifh 0g;awm xJ0if 0g;ckwf=u+yD; wJjyefaqmuf=uonf? avjyif;vmv#if 0yfaevkduf/
avouf omvmv#if wJaqmufvkdufESifh rkefwkdif;vnf; +yD;a&mæwJwvkH;onfvnf; t=urf;xnftjzpf ay:vmygonf?
yvyfpwpfpawGrkd;vkdufv#if vl 0ifaeI &oGm;yg+yD? vl}uD; / uav;ESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;u wJtwGi;f tdy=f u&+yD; trsK;d
om;&Jabmfrsm;uawmh tjyifbufajr}uD;ay:wGif ukd,fukd yvyfpwpfpESifh ywf +yD; tdyf=uonf?
xrif;uawmh wJ}uD;ròyrDu xrif;wtkd; csufxm;+yD;jzpfaeI ygvm onfh &duQmajcmufjzpfaom
i±kwfoD;a=umfESifh rkd;xJa&xJrSmyif pm;vkduf=uygonf?
xkdtcsdefu usrESifhtwl uav;ESpfa,muf &Sdonf? tjcm;aom uav; wa,mufrSm ppfawGòr@e,f
ygwDaumfrwD0if &Jabmf wa,muf.orD; jzpfygonf? onf&Jabmf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if;usqkH;oGm;I ol@ZeD;onfukd
apmifh a&Smufzkd@ 0wW&m;&SdonfESifhtnD usru ac:,lvkdufojzifh orD;av; vufqJ+G yD; ygwDxJ a&mufvmcJhonf? ,ck
xkduav;onfvnf; usr wm0ef,l xm;&ygonf?
usrwkd@ awmwGif;tajctae xkduJhokd@ jzpfaepOf &ckdifjynfe,fwckvkH; qefpyg;&Sm;yg;r_a=umifh vlxkwGif;
±kwf±kwfoJoJ jzpfvmaeonf? aus;vufrsm;wGif csrf;omaom tdrfawGukd 0if+yD; qefvkonfh
tjzpftysufawG }uKd;=um;}uKd;=um; jzpfay:vmaeonf? onfhaemuf odyfr=umcifrSmyJ ppfawGòr@Y emrnfausmf
qefvkyJ}G uD; ay:xGufvmygawmhonf? onfudpPuawmh trsm;od=uonfhtwkdif; ppftpkd;&u aoewfESifh ypfcwfESdrfeif;I
vltajrmuftjrm; aoa=u'%f&m &cJh=u&ygonf? '%f&m&olawGukd aoolawGESifhtwl a&m+yD; jr‡Kyfvkduf=uonf
[lIvnf; =um;od&onf? xkd@a=umifh vlxktrsm;tjym;wkd@rSm òr@ay:wGif rae&J awmhbJ aus;vufrsm;qDokd@
ajy;vm=uonf? ygwDxH ajy;vmolawGukdvnf; ygwDuvufcH+yD; jyKpkapmifha&Smufum wjznf;jznf;ESifh
tcGifhomvmv#if enf;vrf;&Smum tdrfjyefa&mufatmif ykd@ay;cJhonf?
xkdokd@ ygwDxH a&muf&SdvmonfhvlawGxJrS wcsKd@url “usaemf tdrfrjyefawmhbl;/ 'DrSmyJ qufae+yD;
awmfvSefa&; vkyfawmh r,f” [k ajymvm=u onf? &efolukd cHjyif;a'goxGuf&mrS ay:xGufvmaom cHpm;csufyg?
ygwDacgif; aqmifrsm;u olwkd@ukd pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf aqG;aEG;azsmif;zs&onf? “awmfvSef a&;vkyfw,fqkdwm tifrwef
cufcJyifyef;w,f? tpm;qif;&J taeqif;&J 'kuQcH+yD; vkyf&wm? cifAsm;wkd@u tck aoG;ylaewkef;rkd@ ajymaewm?
=umvm&if 'D'kuQawG cHEkdifzkd@ rvG,fbl;”[lI aqG;aEG;azsmif;zsjcif; jzpfonf? vlwa,mufuawmhrl “usaemf cHEkdifygw,f?
udpPr&Sdbl;? usaemf wae@ bJOwvkH;&&if nreuf cGJpm;r,f” [k jyefajymawmh ikdtm;xuf &,ftm;oefum 0g;ceJ
&,farmvkdufrd=uonf? acgif;aqmifvkyfolu “bJOwvkH;rajymeJ@/ wcgwav xrif;awmif pm;csirf S pm;&r,f”[k
jyef&Sif;jyawmh xkdolu“tJ'gawmh rjzpfbl;? xrif;awmh pm;&rS jzpfr,f”[k qkdvmygawmhonf?
Tpum;onf usrwkd@ &JabmfawG=um;rSm ajymprSwf pum;wcGef; jzpfoGm;cJhonf? tcuftcJta=umif;
ajymrdonfhtcg cufcsifcufygap/ bJOwvkH; &Sdv#if +yD;wmygyJ-[lI aemufajymifajymqkdwwfonf? usrwkd@.acgif;aqmif
ykid ;f onf &Jabmftjzpfapv$wfxm;onfh &Jabmfrsm;rSty useftrsm;pkukd jyefykd@ ay;cJhygonf?
&ckdifjynfe,f. wyfom;opfpnf;±kH;a&;ay:vpDrSm rdrd qENt& wyfxJ 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;ukdom pdppf+yD;rS
vufcHygonf? rdrdqENt&vmoljzpf onfhwkdifatmif tvG,fwul vufrcHyg? ygwD.ay:vpDukd &Sif;jyonf? cufcJ
yifyef;rnfhta=umif; &Sif;jyonf? ygwDu ay;tyfonfh wm0efrsm;ukd bmwm0efudk rqkd xrf;aqmifygrnf[k
qkdolawGukdrS vufcHygonf? twif;ac:,l pkaqmif;wm vkH;0 rvkyf&yg?

jynfe,ftwGif;a&;r–; jyefa&mufvm+yD

1967-ckESpf/ ESpfukefcgeD;wGif twGif;a&;r–;ESifhtzGJ@ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd vm=uygonf? olwkd@onf yJcl;±kd;r

tpnf;ta0;ukd rwufa&mufEkdifcJh=uyg? ta=umif;rlum; &efolu aemufu vkdufaeI {&m0wDjrpfukd rul;Ekdifao;bJ
&SdaepOf yJcl;±kd;rwGif A[kdtpnf;ta0; +yD;qkH;oGm;onfhtwGuf jzpfygonf? qufoG,fa&;wyfom; &Jabmf
armifausmfckdif( crD;trsKd;om; ) ESifh &Jabmfatmif jrodef;wkd@ESpfa,muftm; AkdvfaZ,svkH+cKHa&;twGuf csefxm;ay;cJhonf?
&Jabmfarmif ausmfckdifonf aemifwGif AkdvfaZ,sESifhtwlae&if; AkdvfaZ,sESifhtwl yJ usqkH;oGm;a=umif; od&Sd&ygonf?
&Jabmf atmifjrodef;onfrlum; txufrSm ajymcJhovkd yefqef;txd a&mufvm+yD;rS tv,fykdif; ppfa'ookd@
jyeffqif;oGm;&m wGif usqkH;oGm;cJhygonf?
jynfe,ftwGif;a&;r–; jyefa&mufvmonfhtcsdefwGif &ckdifjynfe,fwGif tiwfab; }uD;rm;aeqJyg? xkd@a=umifh
olonf c&D;rSjyefa&mufp tem;yif r,lEkdifawmhbJ tiwfjy\emajz&Sif;a&;twGuf pnf;±kH;vkyfaqmif&ygawmhonf?
olonf vrf;c&D;wGif iSufzsm;rdI iSufzsm;aq;xkd;&mrS wifyg;wGif temjzpfwnf vmojzifh cGJxm;aom '%f&myifv#if
aumif;pGm raysmufuif;wwfao;yg? ol@ temcGJcJh&ykHukdvnf; aq;r–;atmifausmfckdifu jyefvnfajymjyI od&Sd&ygonf?
temu +yDwnf&ifhrSnfhae+yD; cGJpdwf&eftwGufvnf; cGJpdwf"m; r&Sdyg? temukd iSufaysmoD;rSnfhtkHvsuf
uko=unfhaomfvnf; ta=umif;xl;rvmyg? xkd@a=umifh rkwfqdwf&dwfonfh"m;ukd rD;uifI jzpfovkd cGJcJh&onf[k
qkdygonf?
twGif;a&;r–;onf tiwfab;jy\emukd ajz&Sif;&ef twGuf ol@tm±kHukd pl;pkdufxm;aeygonf? txl;ojzifh
ygwDe,fajr twGif;rS aus;vuf tiwfab;jy \emyg? òr@ay:rS 'Dtiwf ab;qkdkufaeonfh aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;okd@
*sKHwcsKd@v–'gef;xm;onf &Sdaomfvnf; aus;vufvlxkrSm *sKHrpm;wwf=uyg? *sKHukd qefðywfvkd ðywfaomuf=uojzifh
0rf;azm0rf;a&mif jzpfvmae=uygonf?
ygwDwGif;rlum; rkd;wGif; toGm;tvm cufcJonfhtcsdefwGif pm;aomuf &eftwGuf
okdavSmifpkaqmif;xm;aom wrkd;wGif;pm &duQm*kda'gifwvkH; &Sdygonf? twGif;a&;r–;ESifhacgif;aqmifrsm;u
T&duQmrsm;ukdyif vlxkukd r#a0ay;&ef qkH;jzwf vkduf=uygonf? vlxktwGuf iJhn‡maxmufxm;um
&duQma0r#ay;vkdufonfh twGuf ygwD&Jabmfrsm;rSm *sKHweyf qefweyf ac|wmpm;aomuf =u&ygonf?
 ygwDu vlxkukd qefa0iSykH-a0iSenf;ta=umif; ajymjyv#if tHh=oaumif; tHh=ooGm;=uygvdrfhrnf?
wm0efcH&Jabmfu qef*kda'gifukd zGifhay;vkduf+yD; vlxku rdrdbmomrdrd vkdtyfoavmufta&twGufukd ,l=u&onf?
ukd,fb,favmuf ,lw,fqkdwm ukd,fhbmom rSwfxm;/ pyg;ay:onfhtcg ukd,f,lonfhta& twGuftwkdif;
ukd,fhbmom vm+yD; jyefxm;/ Tenf;jzifh vlxkukd &duQma0cJhwm jzpfygonf? vlxkuvnf; ygwDu ajymxm;onfhtwkdif;
toD;ay:(0g) pyg;ay:vm onfhtcg olwkd@bmom wu,fyJ jyefvmxm;=uygonf?
onfudpPrsm; aqmif&Guf+yD;aemuf 1967-ckESpf ukefqkH;oGm;onhftcsdef wGif acgif;aqmifrsm;onf
jynfe,fESifhc±kdifukd twl pkpnf;xm;&mrS jyefcJv
G kduf=u+yD; jynfe,f±kH;/ c±kdif±kH; ponfwkd@ukd jyefvnf wnfaqmuf=uonf?
jynfe,frSm Xme ESpfck jzpfoGm;onf? qufoG,fa&;Xmeqkdonfukd oD;oef@cGJxkwfvkdufonf? ta=umif;rlum;
qufoG,fa&;Xmeonf v#Kd@0Sufa&;Xme jzpfaeIvnf;aumif;/ pcef;±kH;wGif oifwef;wck zGifhvSpf&ef
tpDtpOf&SdaeonfhtwGufvnf;aumif;/ vkH+cKHa&;twGuf pcef;wGif vlenf;pkom pkpnf;xm;&ef
&nf&G,fxm;onfhtwGuf jzpfygonf?
aq;oifwef;ukdawmh jynfe,f±kH;xJrSmyJ zGifhvSpfcJhygonf?
ygwD. &ckdifjynfe,f ajymufusm;a'owGif q&m0ef}uD;ESpfOD; &Sdygonf? wOD;u &Jabmf}uD;ausmfpdefOD;/
usefwOD;u &Jabmf}uD;ausmfOD;jzLwkd@ jzpfygonf? olwkd@ESpfOD;onf wOD;u twGif;a&m*gbufrSm ykdtm;om+yD; usefwOD;u
tjyif a&m*gbufrSm ykdtm;omonf? ESpfOD;pvkH; ygwDA[kd aq;ausmif;xGufawG jzpf =uonf? &Jabmf}uD;ausmfOD;jzLonf
ppfawGc±kdif/ c±kdifaq;wm0efcHjzpf+yD; c±kdif aq;Xmetjzpf oD;jcm;XmeESifh wm0ef,laexkdifygonf? trsm;tm;jzifh
'%f&m&&Jabmfrsm;ukd olyJ ukoay;onf? &Jabmf}uD; ausmfpdefOD;uawmh jynf e,f±kH;wGif wm0ef,l+yD; aq;oifwef;ukd
wokwf+yD;wokwf zGifhvSpfoif=um; ay;onf? oifwef;wck.oifwef;umvrSm 2-ESpf jzpfonf?
jynfe,f±kH;wGif aq;oifwef;tjyif tajccHppfoifwef;vnf; zGifhvSpf xm;onf? onfhtjyif wywfwGif 2-}udrf
EkdifiHa&;a[majymyGJvnf; pDpOf ay;xm;onf? EkdifiHa&;a[majymyGJwGif tbd"rRmqkdif&m a[majymykd@cscsufvnf; ygonf?
a[majymyGJ wufa&mufolwkd@twGuf bmtqifhrS cGJjcm;rxm;yg? pcef;&Sd&Jabmftm;vkH; wufa&muf=uygonf?
a[majymykd@cscsufrsm;ukd rdrd cH,lEkdifoavmuf &&Sdcsufaumif;=uonf? a[majymyGJrS rdrd.&&Sdcsufukd jyefvnf
aqG;aEG;=uonfhtcgwGifrlum; Xmetvkduf wOD;pD. &&SdcsufESifh tjrifukd jyefvnfaqG;aEG;=ujcif; jzpfonf?
onfaqG;aEG;yGJukd pmapmifaqG;aEG;yGJ[k ac:avh &Sd=uonf?
aqG;aEG;yGJ/ a[majymyGJrsm;wGif twGif;a&;r–;uyJ OD;aqmif ajymonf? vkdtyfonfh pmapmifpmwrf;rsm;ukd olyJ
bmomjyefay;jcif; jzpfonf?
Tenf;tm;jzifh jynfe,f±kH;wGif au'gawG arG;jrL+yD; c±kdif/ òr@e,frsm;okd@ au'grsm;ukd cGJwrf;csum
wm0efay;onf? ygwD. &ckdifjynfe,fajymufusm; a'oonf Tenf;twkdif; rdrdwkd@vkyfief;wm0eftoD;oD;ESifh
vkyfief;vnf ywfaejcif; jzpfonf? wyfom;opftjzpf 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;onfvnf; 2-v avmufqkd wae@wm-
wm0efr–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifEkdifonfhtqifhokd@ a&muf&Sd vmygonf?
a[majymyGJrsm;twGif; tbd"rRma[majymykd@cscsufrsm;ukd yg0ifem; axmif=um;odcGifh &aomtcg usr
tvGeftrif; tm;wufcJh&ygonf? b,fwkef;u rS r=um;zl;cJh-rodzl;cJhwJh ta=umif;t&mawGukd =um;od&onf?
vlawGqkdwm arsmufuae qif;oufvmonfqkdonfhta=umif;/ ausmufacwfvlom;rsm; ta=umif;/ ta[mif;rsm;
òyysuf+yD; topf-topfwkd@ tpm;xkd;onfh jzpfpOf/ tpGef;xGufwefzkd;/ tjrwf/ aoG;pkyfr_æonfta=umif;t&mawG[m
usrwkd@ taejzifh wcgrSr=um;zl;cJhonfh topftqef;ta=umif;t&mawGyg? usrwkd@ todtjrif
ykdrkdus,fjyef@ºu,f0vmygonf? &Jabmftjzpf wm0efxrf;&Guf&onfh tjzpfukd auseyfrdygonf? trsKd;orD;rsm;
wef;wltcGif hta&;&&Sdaeonfh twGuf vnf; auseyfpdwfay:cJhzl;ygonf? usr tauseyfqkH;tcsdefwcsdefukd ajym&v#if
ppf0wfpkHtjynfh/ aoewf/ cg;ywf/ qeftdwfponfwkd@ tjynfhtpkHESifh ppfavhusifhcJh &onfhtcsdef[k xifrdygonf?

&efol@xkd;ppftwGif;rS rarhEkdifaom ae@wae@

1969-ckESpftwGif; }uKHawG@cJh&aom tjzpftysufw&yfrSm usrb0 twGuf rarhEkdifaom ae@wae@[k

qkd&ygrnf/
1969-ckESpf/ ZGefv/ 7-&ufae@rSmyg? cgwkdif;ESpfawGqkdv#if {+yDv/ arvawGqkdv#if &ckdifjynfe,frSm
rkd;òzifòzifusaeyg+yD? onfESpfwGifrl ZGefv a&mufonfhwkdifatmif rkd;u r&Gmao;yg? xkd@a=umifh &efolvnf; oGm;EkdifvmEkdif/
rdrdwkd@vnf; oGm;EkdifvmEkdifao;onfh tcsdefjzpfaeygonf? usrwkd@pcef;onfvnf; rkd;wGif;twGuf pcef;ukd
jyifqif+yD;jzpfaeovkd pm;eyf&duQmrsm;twGufvnf; jyifqif+yD;aeyg+yD?
tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ &efol@xkd;ppfwck 0ifvmaea=umif; =um;od=u&ygonf? xkd@a=umifh wpcef;vkH;ukdwyfvSef@xm;+yD;
toifhtaetxm;&Sdae=uapzkd@ trdef@ ay;xm;ygonf?
 usrrSm 1969-ckESpf/ ZGefv/ 5-&ufae@/ eHeuf(8) em&DwGif yxrOD;aom uav;ukd zGm;jrifxm;p jzpfygonf?
7-&ufae@(10) em&DrSmawmh &efolu usrwkd@pcef;ukd vmwkdufygonf? &efolwkd@ pcef;.aemufausmbufrS ay:vmjcif;
jzpfonf? usrwkd@. aemufausm bufrS uif;&Jabmfu &efolukd pypfvkdufonfh twGuf &efolwa,muf
t&ifusoGm;onf?
xkd@a=umifh usrwkd@pcef;onf qkwfcGmcsdeftenf;i,f &&SdcJhonfhtwGuf tustqkH; txdtckduf r&SdcJhbJ
ypPnf;tenf;i,fom qkH;±_H;cJh&onf?
rkd;uvnf; onfae@usrSyJ onf;onf;rnf;rnf; onf;xefpGm pwif&Gm oGef;vmygonf?
tm;vkH;od=uonfhtwkdif; ajymufusm; ppfqkdonfrsKd;u ukd,fu ypf+yD;v#if ajy;&onfyJ r[kwfygvm;? ukd,fu
&efolawGvkd vufeuftiftm; rvkHavmufonfhtwGuf &efolukd t=um}uD;cHypfraeEkdifyg? xkd@a=umifh usrwkd@
pcef;onfvnf; tjrefqkwfcGmcJh=u&ygonf?
pcef;rS qkwfcGmonftcg tzGJ@ESpfzGJ@ uGJoGm;cJhonf? xkd tcsdefu usrwkd@ pcef;wGif rD;zGm;+yD;p uav;rdcif 3-
a,mufwdwd &Sdaeonf? &Jabmftum (crD; trsKd;orD;)? olonf twGif;a&;r–;twGuf ay;xm;am ukd,f&H&Jabmf.ZeD;yg?
olu rD;zGm;+yD;wm wv? &Jabmf rEk(aq;r–;-&Jabmf atmifausmfckdif.ZeD;) olu rD;zGm;+yD;p 10-&uf?
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pm;zkd@ cl;cJhw,f”[k qkdonf? aemufwa,mufuvnf; “igvnf; wyifawG@vkd@ cl;cJhw,f”[k qkd&m
tjcm;wa,mufuvnf tvm;wl qkdjyefygonf? olwkd@ tcsif;csif; wkdifyif+yD; twlwuG cl;vm=uonfvnf; r[kwfyg?
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roGm;&efajymaomfvnf; r&yg? rkd;wGif;rSm olonf bmom jyefvkyfief;ukd tqufrjywfvkyfae&onfh tjyif
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usrwkd@onf vlxkvkyfief;oGm;vkyf=u&mwGif rdrd&duQmESifh rdrd oGm;=u &jcif;jzpfonf? &duQmwm0efus
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naepmukdawmh pcef;jyefa&muf onfhtcgrS pm;=uygonf?
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ajymufusm;&Jabmfrsm;. ppf0wfpkH

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vkdufvm=uawmhonf?
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pdwftm;xufoefjcif; r&Sdawmhyg? rwufºu=uawmhyg?

rDZkdtrsKd;om;tzGJ@tm; jyefvnfxGufcGmapjcif;

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rjzpfEkdifawmhyg?
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tjcm;&nf&G,fcsufwck &SdaeonfhtwGufvnf; jzpfyg onf? ‚tcsufrSm &ckdifjynfe,fygwDaumfrwDtaejzifh
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okd@&mwGif Ttvkyfukdyif rDZkdrsm;u vkyfray;vkd=uyg?
olwkd@vkyfray;csif=uonfrSmvnf; ta=umif;&Sdygonf? olwkd@onf w±kwfjynfokd@a&mufzl;+yD;/ w±kwfjynfrS
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w±kwfjynfbufjzwfI w±kwfjynfESifh qufoG,frdv#if olwkd@ta=umif;awG tm;vkH; w±kwfbufrS od&SdoGm;+yD; olwkd@
bmrS aemufxyf r&awmhrSmukdvnf; pkd;&drfonf? w±kwfjynfESifhqufoG,f&mwGif uswkd@ygwDESifh olwkd@ r,SOfomrSef; vnf;
odonf? xkd@a=umifh usrwkd@ ygwDA[kdESifh qufoG,fa&;ukd olwkd@ tultnD ray;vkd=ujcif; jzpf.?
usrwkd@wyfrS &Jabmfrsm;uvnf; rDZkdawGESifh yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_ rjyKvkd awmhyg? olwkd@onf tvGefa=umufwwf+yD;
t+rJwrf; owfrSwfae&m ra&mufrD a=umufvef@w}uD; aoewfypfazmufwwf=uonf? olwkd@tm;oefonfrSm
ta0;rSaeI vufeuf}uD;rsm;ESifh ypfcwfa&;om jzpfonf? olwkd@wyfzJ@G onf ajymufusm;wyf rqef=uyg?
rDZkdrsm;onf &ckdifawmfvSefa&;a'owGif (3) ESpf =umr# ckdv_Haexkdif oGm;cJhonf? &ckdifawmfvSefa&;a'orS
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rwwfomawmhyJ ajAmifzGifh aqG;aEG;ajymjy&ygawmhonf? igwkd@[m vnf; vGwfajrmufao;wm r[kwfyg? rdrdbmom
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cifAsm;wkd@vnf; cifAsm;wkd@ &nfrSef;csufaygufajrmufaatmif ukd,fhEkdifiH ukd,fjyef+yD; vkH;yef;=uygæ qkdonfhoabmrsKd;
aqG;aEG;ajymqkd+yD; tjyefckdif;&onf? xkdokd@ aqG;aEG; ajymqkdrSom olwkd@ jyef=uawmhonf?
okd@&mwGif olwkd@onf tiftm;wcsKd@om olwkd@EkdifiHokd@ jyefv$wf+yD; olwkd@ XmecsKyfuawmh usrwkd@EkdifiHjzpfaom
yvuf0jrpfzsm;rSmyJ pcef;csxm;onf? olwkd@tm; ygwDu vufcHxm;jcif; rjyKawmh onfhtwGufvnf; olwkd@u auseyfykH
r&yg?
onfhaemuf tcsdefwcsdefwGif usrwkd@ygwDrS awmfvSefa&; a'oopf wkd;csJ@a&;pDrHudef;twGuf wyftiftm;(30)
ukd c±kdifaumfrwD wa,muf OD;aqmif ap+yD; yvuf0jrpfzsm;buf apv$wfvkdufonf? xkda'oonf usrwkd@&JabmfawG
twGuf a'oopfjzpfygonf? pdrf;aeygao;onf? &JabmfawGu a'o.e,fajr taetxm;ukd u|rf;usifr_ r&Sd=uao;yg?
rDZdktzGJ@uawmh xkda'o awmawmif a&ajrukd u|rf;usifae=u+yD; jzpfonf?
 usrwkd@tzGJ@rS &Jabmfrsm; olwkd@tzGJ@ESifhawG@&m olwkd@u “rif;wkd@[m igwkd@ aus;Zl;&SifawG jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh
igwkd@pcef;rSmyJ t&ifqkH; tajccH+yD; twlwl v_yf&Sm;=uwmaygh”[k qkdum olwkd@pcef;okd@ usrwkd@ a'oopfwkd;csJ@a&;
wzGJ@vkH;ukd ac:,loGm;cJhonf? olwkd@onf &Jabmfrsm;ukd xrif;au|;{nfhcHonfhykHrsKd; [efaqmif +yD; usrwkd@&Jabmftm;vkH;ukd
vufeufodfrf;+yD; zrf;qD;vkdufygawmhonf? xkdr#om ruao;yg? &Jabmftm;vkH;ukd owfjzwf+yD; acgif;awGudkjzwfum
yvuf0òr@&Sd &efol@ pcef;okd@ oGm;a&mufykd@aqmif tyfESHvkdufao;onf? touf aoG;awGay;+yD; &vkduf
aom }uD;rm;onfh oifcef; pmw&yfygay?
xkdtzGJ@xJrS acgif;aqmifvkyfol wOD;om vGwfvmonf? olonfvnf; xGufajy;vmI vGwfvmjcif; jzpfonf?
rdrde,fukd a&mufonftxd 4-&ufwdwd xrif;rpm;cJh&/ awmif,ma[mif;wckxJu &&Sdaom ausmufz±kHoD;wvkH;udk
wae@enf;enf;pDpm;+yD; awmif}uD; awmifi,fawGukd ausmfjzwfvm&jcif; jzpfonf? rdrdwkd@ e,fxJ jyefa&mufvmonfhtcg
xrif;yJ twif;awmif;aeojzifh vlxku vnf; ol tpm;tpmESifh &ufwcsKd@uif;uGmcJh&onfhtajctaeukd rodojzifh ol
pm;vkdonfhtwkdif; ay;au|;vkdufygonf? iwfiwfESifh ol xrif;pm;vkduf&m csufcsif;awmh raoyg? tpmjywfae&mrS
±kwfw&uf w0pm;vkdufojzifh ol 0rf;azm0rf;a&mif jzpfum usqkH;oGm;&Smygonf?
onfacgif;aqmif&JabmfrSm &Jabmf}uD; pHvSjzL(crD;trsKd;om;) jzpf ygonf?

&ckdifjynfe,fawmfvSefa&;.tcuftcJ umv

75-ckESpf aemufykdif;wGif &efolonf &ckdifjynfe,f awmfvSefa&;a'oukd jzwfav;jzwfvkyf+yD;

xkd;ppfqifvmygonf?
usrwkd@ jynfe,faumfrwD&Sdonfh pcef;ukdvnf; awmeif;I ykdufpdyfwkduf &SmazGjcif; vkyfvmonf? acsmif;zsm;u
&GmawGqkdv#if acsmif;zsm;rSm aezkd@ cGifhrjyKawmhbJ &Gmzsuf+yD; atmufbufuGif;jyifqD ac:pkwmtxd vkyfvmonf?
usrwkd@pcef;tzGJ@onfvnf; a&Smif& wdrf;& tvGefcufcJvmonf? ygwDtaejzifh rwwfomawmhbJ vlav#mhaygha&;
vkyfvm&onf? pcef;awG av;vHaeaom tajctaeukd ajymif;vJypf&awmhrnf jzpfygonf? xkd@a=umifh pcef;&Sd tdrfaxmif
onfrsm;ukd rdrdwkd@Zmwd&yf&Gmokd@ ,m,D jyefae=u&ef jyefykd@ay;vkduf&onf? usrwkd@pcef;wGif ukd,fh&yfukd,fh&Gm jyefaeI
r&aom rdom;pk ESpfckom usef&Sdaeyg awmhonf? rdom;pkwcku usrwkd@rdom;pkjzpfI usefrdom;pkwcku Akdvf}uD;
wifarmifwkd@ rdom;pk jzpfygonf?
Adkvf}uD;wifarmifwkd@rdom;pkonf ArmtrsK;d om; rdom;pkvnf;jzpf/ qufoG,fa&;wm0efcHvnf;
jzpfonfhtwGuf &efolu tvGeftav;xm;ygonf? &efol vkdcsif-zrf;qD;csifaeaom rdom;pk jzpfonf?
usrwkd@rdom;pkukdawmh &efolu tao&&-t&Sif&& qkaiGay;rnf[k a=unmxm;aom rdom;pk jzpfaeonf?
onfrdom;pk ESpfckonfvnf; twlwuG wpcef;wnf;rSm rae=u&bJ wpkpcD JaG e =u&onfhtwGuf
usrwkd@onfbufxGufvmcgeD;tcsdeftxd jyefvnfrawG@ qkH=u&awmhyg?
usrwkd@pcef;onf t+rJ toifhtaetxm;rSm &Sdae=u&ygonf?
usrwkd@. jynfe,fygwDaumfrwD ±kH;pkduf&mpcef;onf usra&muf&Sd+yD; csdefrSpI &efolESifh 3-}udrf 3cg
awG@qkHwkdufyGJ jzpfcJh&onf? txufrSm azmfjy+yD;cJhonfh twkdif; 1969-ckESpfrSm wcg/ 1976-ckESpfrSm wcgESifh 1978-ckESpfrSm
wcg pcef;ukd &efolvma&mufwkdufckdufcJhygonf?
1976-ckESpf/ &efolvmxkd;onfhtcg usrwkd@pcef;twGif;rSm wkdufyGJ rjzpfyGm;cJhyg? usrwkd@u ig;rdepfcef@apm+yD;
pcef;rS xGucf mG vmEkifd fcJhI jzpfonf?
usrwkd@ pcef;uxGufcGmvmcJh=uonfhtcsdefwGif nae 5-&D &Sdae+yD jzpfojzifh r=umrDrSmyJ rkd;csKyfoGm;ojzifh
a0;a0;roGm;EkdifawmhbJ pcef;ESifh odyfra0;vSwJh ae&mrSmyJ ntdyf=u&onf? ntdyfw,ffqkdwmxuf nem;=uw,f
qkdwmu ykdrSefvdrfhrnfxifygonf? xkdnrSm &Jabmftm;vkH; ikwfwkwfxkdif+yD; owd}uD;pGmESifh aecJh=u&ygonf?
&efolonfvnf; pcef;wGif; 0ifa&mufvm+yD;aemuf vlrawG@onfESifh pcef;ukd rD;±SKd@+yD; &Gmbuf
jyefqkwfoGm;=uonf? usrwkd@vnf; rkd;rvif;rD xrif;csuf +yD; rkd;vif;onfESifh c&D;pxGuf=uonf?
&efolonf t&yfom;rsm;udk ac:,l+yD; usrwkd@ &Sd&mukd vkdufvHjyozkd@ twif;t=uyftrdef@ay;awmhonf?
t&yfom;rsm;rSm rwwfomawmhI usr wkd@&JabmfawG awmif,mckwfcsdefu acwWaexkdifcJhaom wJuav;rsm;&Sd&m
ae&mudk jyo&ef &efolukd ac:tvm/ usrwkd@uvnf; pcef;a[mif;ukd tjzwf xdyfwkdufwkd;rd =uI wkdufyGJ
jzpfyGm;ygawmhonf?
onfwkdufyGJrSm usrorD; pef;pef; '%f&m&onf? 'kwd,orD;ESifh om; vnf; wuGJwjym;pD jzpfoGm;onf?
orD;&D&Du ol@ukd csDykd;xm;aom &Jabmf atmifxGef;pdefESifhtwl olwkd@ESpfOD;wnf; uGJoGm;jcif; jzpfonf? olwkd@ ESpfa,muf
onf &efol&Sdaeonfh &Gmxdyfukd a&mufoGm;I &JabmfatmifxGef;pdefonf qufvufroGm;awmh bJ &Gmxdyfawmifay:rSmyJ
uav;ukd ayG@+yD; wntdyfcJh &onf? reufrkd;vif;awmh olu uav;ukd awmifxdyfrSm tom+idrfI xkdifae&ef
rSm=um;xm;+yD; olu &GmwGif; wdwfwqdwf0ifum xrif;ESifh pm;p&mrsm; awmif; onf? &vmaomtcg uav;ukd
xrif;au|;+yD; c&D;qufcJh&m ae@vnfykdif;wGif usrwkd@tzGJ@ESifh jyefawG@=uonf?
om;uawmh xkdpOfu jynfe,faumfrwD0ifwOD;jzpfol OD;&JxGef;(ac:) &JabmfxGef;atmifjzL tzGJ@ESifh ygoGm;onf?
usrwkd@pcef;onf &efolxkd;vmI jzpfap/ &efol@owif;=um;odIjzpfap pcef;qkwfcGmonfhtcg tzGJ@vkduf pepfwus
oGm;=u&onf? usrwkd@u t+rJwrf; tv,ftzGJ@rSm ae&onf? okd@&mwGif oGm;&if;vm&if;jzifh aemuftzGJ@ESifh
tv,ftzGJ@wkd@rSm t+rJeD;uyfaewwfonf? uav;ESifhusr t=um}uD; uGJuGmroGm;&jcif;rSm xkdta=umif;a=umifhyif
jzpfonf?
&efolxkd;vmv#if acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd umuG,f&ef t+rJwrf; oD;oef@ &Jabmf (3) a,mufrS (5) a,muftxd
wm0efay;xm;wwfonf? olwkd@raobJ acgif;aqmifrsm; raoap&-qkdonfh }uD;av;onfhwm0efyg? xkdpOfu OD;&J
xGef;.vkH+cKHa&;twGuf wm0ef,lxm;aom&JabmfESifh usrom;ukd csDykd;ac: aqmifvmaom &Jabmfwkd@onf
usrwkd@rodvkdufbJ uav;ESihf txkyf vJ+yD;xrf; =uowJh? xkdtcsdefrSmyJ wkdufyJjG zpfvmawmh acgif;aqmif.vkH+cKHa&;ukd
wm0ef ,lxm;&aom &Jabmfonf uav;wzuf/ acgif;qmifvkH+cKHa&;wzufESifh Asmrsm; oGm;&awmhonf? olonf
acgif;aqmifvkH+cKHa&;twGufomru uav; vkH+cKHa&; twGufyg wm0ef,l&awmhonf? olonf pufuav;xrf;aom
&Jabmfvnf; jzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh olonf uav;ukd ausmrSmykd;xm;&if;u &efolukd pufuav;ESifh ypfcwf&onf?
xkd@a=umifh om;rSm 3-&ufavmuf em;tloGm;±kHru pum;vnf ; rajymEkdifrqkdEkdif jzpfoGm;&Smonf? xkdpOfu om;rSm 3-
ESpfcGJ t&G,f om&Sdygao;onf? qD;0rf;vnf; rxdef;Ekdifawmhyg? &JabmfawGu om;ukd ukd,fhom;orD;ozG,f
apmifha&Smuf=u±kHru tnpfta=u;okwfoif/ tnpf ta=u;ayvl;aeaom t0wfutp av#mfzGyfay;cJh=uygonf?
olwkd@tzGJ@ESifh usrwkd@tzGJ@ aemuf 5-&uft=umrS jyefvnfqkHawG@ Ekdif=uygawmh onf?
'gu 76-ckESpf pcef;twkdufcH&pOfu tjzpftysufyg?

ygwDA[kdpcef;qDokd@

xkdtcsdefrSpI usrwkd@pcef;onf wnf+idrfr_ odyfr&SdvSawm hyg? r=um c%qkdovkd pcef;ukd ajymif;a&$@+yD;

aexkdifvmcJh=u&onf?
Tokd@jzifh (1969-ckESpf pcef;twkdufcHcJh&pOfu 2-&uforD;av;om &SdcJhao;aom) orD;}uD;onf 9-ESpfESifh 3-
vt&G,f 1978-ckESpf/ 8-vykdif;wGif wkdufzGdKufac: tla&mifief;zsm;a&m*gjzifh qkH;yg;oGm;&&Smygonf? xkdtcsdefrSm ol@zcif
&JabmfausmfjrrSmvnf; rusef;rmyg? oGm;awGusKd;/ oGm;awGukduf tzsm;vnf; wufvmojzifh “vlxlvlx”tajctaeyg?
xkdpOfu usronf bmtawG@t}uKHrSvnf; r&Sd/ A[kokwuvnf; enf;onfhtxJ uav;taza&m/ ol@orD;yg
rusef;rrmjzpfcsdefwGif Asmrsm; aecJh& ygonf? xkdtcsdefu q&m0ef &Jabmf}uD; ausmfpdefOD;onfvnf; c±kdifaq;±kH wGif
'%f&m&&Jabmfukd ajcaxmuf jzwf&ef&Sdojzifh &Jabmf}uD; ausmfOD;jzLukdyg twlac: xm;I q&m0ef ESpfOD;pvkH; aq;±kHwGif
a&muf&Sdae=ucsdef jzpfygonf? xkd@a=umifh 2-ESpfoifwef;qif;p &JabmfomarmifESifhom uko=u&onf? orD;av;onf zsm;
+yD; 21-&uft=umrSm qkH;yg;oGm;&jcif; jzpfonf? q&m0ef &Jabmf}uD; ausmfpdefOD; jyefa&mufvmaomfvnf; orD;av;
toufrrSDawmhyg?
usronfvnf; qkH;yg;oGm;&Smaom orD;av;twGuf aomuawG a=umifh rtdyfEkdifrpm;EkdifESifh tdyf&mxJ
vJygawmhonf? onfhtwGuf aq;xkd;uk o&mu wifyg;wGif temjzpfvmcJh+yD; cGJpdyfuko&onfhtjzpf a&mufcJh&ygonf?
usrwkd@pcef;onfvnf; wzufEkdifiHbufqD r=umc%ul;+yD; ckdv_H&onfh taetxm; jzpfvmonf?
1978-ESpftwGif; &efolu usrwkd@pcef;okd@ vmwkduf&mwGif usrwkd@ yg0ifcJh&onfh aemufqkH;wkdufyGJvnf;
jzpfygonf? xkdwkdufyGJwGif A[kdrS apv$wfvkduf ol &Jabmfoef;armif(uG,fvGef) vnf; yg0ifcJhonf? xkdpOfu &efolonf
usrwkd@ pcef;udk aemufausmbufrS 0ifwkduf&ef tiftm;tvkH;t&if;jzifh wufvmae =uonf? xkd&efol usrwkd@qD
a&mufrvmrD a&S@rSvmonfh&efolESifh usrwkd@ uif;wyfzGJ@ t&ifwdk;rd+yD; wkdufyGJpjzpfcJhojzifh usrwkd@wpcef;vk;H oufouf
omomeJ@ qkwfcGmEkdifcJh=uonf? &efolu usrwkd@xH ta0;rSaeI vufeuf }uD;rsm;jzifh vSrf;ypfwmavmufom
cH=u&ygonf?
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tajccs=u&ygawmhonf? a&=unfacsmif;onf wzufEkdifiHESifh ykdeD;uyfygonf?
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odoGm;+yD/ wcgaozl;/ ysOfzkd; em;vnfc+Jh yDyJ?
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jy\emrsm;

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b,ft&mrqkd taumif;ESifh tqkd; 'GefwGvsuf wnf&Sdaewwfp+rJyg? xkd@a=umifh ‘r’w&mom;rsm;jzifh
pkpnf;xm;&aom &ckdifawmfvSefa&;wGifvnf; c|wf,Gif;csufrsm;/ jy\emrsm; vkH;0 uif;pifEkdifvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg? xkd
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rukefpifEkdif=u ao;ojzifh ynmwwfESifh ynmrwwfolwkd@=um;rS jy\em/ òr@om;ESifh awmol awmifom;wkd@=um;u
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txl;ojzifh tcuftcJrsm;vmonfhtcg jy\emvnf; rsm;vmwwf ygonf?
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pdwf"mwfusoGm;v#if jyefwufatmif vkyf&mrSm tcuftcJ trsm;}uD; }uKHawG@&wwfonf?
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awmif,mckwf=u&ao;onf? trSefyif tcuftcJ tawmf}uD;rm;vmonfh tcsdef jzpfygonf?
xkd@a=umifh ygwDonf rwwfomyJ pcef;ukdvlav#mh/ tdrfaxmif onfrsm;ukd jyefykd@æpojzifh pDpOfcJh&ygonf?
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onfokd@ESifh wyf.wkdufckdufa&;tiftm;onfvnf; usqif;vmonf?
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jyif;xefvmonf? a0zefa&;a=umifh rvkdvm;tyfaom tjzpftysuf awGvnf; jzpfysufcJh&ygonf?
okd@aomfvnf; &Jabmftrsm;pk}uD;u &ckdifjynfe,fwGif awmfvSefa&; tvHawmfukd tcuftcJrsm;t=um;rS
tHcJ±kef;uef&if; qufvufv$ifhxlxm;cJh =uygonf?

vGrf;ol@yef;acG
 “ESpaf wG» » »vawG» » »tcsdeaf wG =umanmif;» » »&moDtaygif;awG b,fvkdyJ ajymif;yap» » »usqkH;ol
&Jabmftaygif;awG» » »toufaoG;awG vSLcJhay» » »a=omf» » »rarhEkdifay» » »wrf;wumae ajzrajy» »
»vGrf;ol@yef;acG vSrf;vifhumyJ a¹c» » »”
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pOf;pm;awG;ac:aecJhygonf? olonf EkdifiHa&; vkyfief;udpPudkyJ t"du tav;xm;wwfygonf?
pm;awmhvnf; bkH&duQm±kHu xrif;ukd &JabmfawGESifh wef;wlpm;onf? ol@rdom;pk/ ol@om;orD;rsm;ukdvnf;
&JabmfawGukd ,kH=unfpGm tyfESHxm;onf? &JabmfawGuvnf; &efolESifh wkdufyJjG zpfv#ifjzpfap/
wjcm;ta&;ta=umif; }uKHvmv#if jzpfap uav;rsm;rqkH;yg;ap&atmif toufESifhvJ+yD; umuG,fapmifh a&Smufrnf-[k
*wdopPm jyKxm;=uonf? olonf t+rJwrf; wyfESifh ae&mwum oGm;vmae&I onfvkd pDpOfxm;wmyg? usrwkd@rSm
pcef;u &Jabmfrsm;ESifhom trsm;tm;jzifh ae=u&ygonf? &JabmfawGuvnf; olwkd@*wdopPmjyKxm; onfhtwkdif;
wu,fyJ apmifha&SmufcJh=uygonf? txufrSm wifjycJhovkd &efolESifh wkdufyGJjzpfI rdcifzcifESifh uGJuGmcJh&aom
usrwkd@uav;rsm;ukd tcuftcJ=um;xJrS olwkd@yJ apmifha&SmufumuG,fcJh=ujcif; jzpfygonf?
olonf ygwDukd tvGefcspfcifav;pm;ovkd ygwDA[kdukdvnf; tvGef,kH =unftm;ukd;ygonf?
usrodjrifxdawG@&aom udpPwckukd jyefajymjyygrnf? ckESpfukdawmh twdtus rrSwfrdawmhyg? 1978-ckESpf[k xifygonf?
ygwDA[kdrS yxrqufom; a&mufvm+yD;csdef[k xifygonf? ygwDA[kdrS OuUÏocifAodef;wif a&;ykd@vmaom pmwapmifukd
ol vufcH&&Sdvkdufygonf? olonf tvGef0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om jzpfae+yD; wu,fhukd uav;wa,muf aysmfjrL;aeovkdygyJ?
 xkdtcsdefrSm usrwkd@pcef;twkdufcHxm;&onfhtcsdefyg? usrwkd@. rkd;wGif;&duQmtjzpf okdavSmifxm;aom
qef*kda'gifukd &efolu rD;&SKd@oGm;ojzifh pdwfnpfae=uonfhtcsdefvnf; jzpfonf? onftcsdefrsKd;rSmawmif ol tckvkd
aysmf&$ifaewma=umifh &Jabmfwkdif;u ol@ukd tHh=oae=uonf? xkdtcsdefu wzGJ@ wae&mpD pcef;csxm;onfjzpfI
olu“ygwD0ifawG c%avmuf csufcsif;vm=u? uif;&JabmfawGrSty tukefvm=u”[k qifhac:vkdufonf? &JabmfawGu
bmudpPrSef;rSef;rodbJ usrwkd@pcef;ukd vma&mufpka0;rd=uawmh olu“ygwD OuUÏqDu pmvmw,f? &Jabmfwkd@ukd
zwfjyrvkd@”[k ajymonf? xkdtcsdefu ol@rsufESmonf wu,fhukd =unf=unfvifvifawmufyae+yD; ol@taysmf"mwfonf
tm;vkH;okd@ ul;pufum apmapmu pdwfnpfp&mawG =uufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;onf[k usr cHpm;vkdufrdygonf?
olu pmukd qufzwfjyaeonf? pmygwjcm;ta=umif;t&mawGukdawmh usr rrSwfrdawmhyg? “cspfvSpGmaom
&Jabmfausmfjr? cifAsm;ukd cspfcifav;pm;pGm txl;owd&pGmjzifh pma&;vkdufonf” [laom pma=umif;uav;udkyJ
usrpdwfxJ pGJaerdygonf?
pmzwfjy+yD;aemuf olonf OuUÏocifAodef;wifESifh ol b,fwkef;u pwifawG@qkHcJhonf/ twlwuG b,fvkd
oGm;cJh&onf æponfh ta=umif;t&m awGukd qufvufajymjyaeonf? “tJ'Dwkef;u OuUÏ[m wDbDa&m*g
&aecJhw,f? tck ol 'Davmufaumif;vmwmukdvnf; 0rf;omrdw,f”[kvnf; ajymjyao; onf? ol@0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
jzpfr_onf ygwDA[kdtay: olb,favmuf ,kH=unf w,f/ ygwDOuUÏudk ol b,favmufcspfjrwfEkd;w,f-qkdwmukd
azmfjyaeonf[k usr odjrifvkdufygonf?
1979-ckESpf? ygwDA[kdrS usrwkd@rdom;pkwckvkH; ygwDA[kd&Sd&mokd@ vm=u&rnf-[k ac:,lvkdufaomtcg
&ckdifjynfe,frS &Jabmfrsm;u vrf;c&D;wGif jzpfap/ rar#mfvifhaom udpPrsm;a=umifh jzpfapæusrwkd@rdom;pkwawG
tcuftcJ }uKHawG@rSmudk olwkd@u pkd;&drfylyif=uonf? olwkd@twGi;f a&;r–;onf rdrdtwGuf bmawmif;qkdwmrS vkyfrSm
r[kwfbl;qkdwmvnf; olwkd@odonf? xkd@a=umifh &ckdifjynfe,f/ awmfvSefa&;.b¾mjzpfonfh
a&$aiGwkd@ukdvnf; ,laqmifoGm;&ef ajymvm=uonf?
xkdtcsdefwGif olu“ig[m ygwD&Jabmfwa,muf jzpfw,f? ighrSm ygwDA[kd&Sdae&if bmrS rvkd? ygwDA[kdu ighukd
ypfrxm;yg”[lI jyefajymcJhonf? usrudkvnf; olrSmonf? “ygwDA[kda&muf&if eifu [kdu &JabmfawGukd tawG;
tac:t& EkdifiHa&;t& trDvkdufEkdifatmif }uKd;pm;&r,f? bmawmif;qkdr_awG/ nmawmif;qkdr_awGrS rvkyf&bl;?
ukd,fhukd,fay;vmwJh wm0efukdom ausyGef atmifxrf;aqmif&r,f”[k qkdygonf?
ygwDA[kdokd@a&muf&Sdvm+yD;onfhaemufwGif wcsKd@aom t&mudpP rsm;onf olar#mfvifh ar#mfrSef;xm;onfrsm;ESifh
uGJjym;jcm;em;aeonfukdvnf; ol awG@&Sdvmonf? ygwDwGif;u wcsKd@aom tedÏm±kHtajctaersm;ukd ol awG@&Sd&
aomtcg thH=owkefv_yfoGm;onf? aemufykdif;wGif olonf vla&mpdwfyg t&ifu ESifh rwlawmhbJ uGmjcm;ajymif;vJr_rsm;
&Sdvmonf[k usrxifrdygonf? &ckdif wGifaepOfu olonf tvGefpdwfat;+yD; pum;enf;cJhol wa,mufyg? onfbuf
a&mufawmh pdwfwkdvmonf? pum;rsm; aygufuGJwwfol jzpfvmonf? ol@taeESifh ygwDESifh awmfvSefa&;twGif;
ay:aygufaeaom wcsKd@udpPrsm;tay: rESpf+cKdufr_awG wkd;rsm;vmonfh twGuf onfokd@ jzpfvmonf[k usr xifrdygonf?
ygwDESifh awmfvSefa&;twGif;rS wcsKd@udpPrsm;ukd ol@taejzifh auseyftm;&r_r&Sdojzifhvnf; olonf ygwDvkyfief;rsm;udk
wwfEkdifoavmuf }uKd;pm;+yD; vkyfukdifygonf?
oluJhokd@ acgif;aqmifwOD; r[kwfojzifh EkdifiHa&;udpPrsm;tay: olb,fvkd tuJjzwf+yD;
b,fvkdcHpm;ae&onfqkdonfukd tjynfhtpkHrodEkdifyg? tawG;tac: wkdufyGJawG &SdcJhwmuawmh aocsmygonf?
usrukd,fwkdifonfvnf; tcuftcJrsm;ESifh eyef;vkH;&if; tawG;tac: wkdufyGJukd jzwfoef;cJh&ygonf? usr
ol@vkd usrwkd@ rdom;pk ygwDA[kdokd@ a&mufvm onfhtcg uav;ig;a,mufteuf t}uDqkH;rdef;uav;om 15-ESpf &Sdae+yD;
usefwmawGu 8-ESpf/ 6-ESpf/ 4-ESpf/ 2-ESpfæpojzifh bkpkc±kav;awGyg? ygwDA[kdokd@ tm;udk;w}uD;ESifhvmcJh=uaom
rdom;pk? wenf;tm;jzifh ygwD.trdef@ukd waoG rwdfrf; vkdufemcJhaom rdom;pkyg? okd@&mwGif rsm;jym;aom uav;awGESifh
tcuf tcJaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm awG@}uKHcJh&ygonf? txl;ojzifh uav;rsm;ESifh ywfouf+yD; pdwfqif;&J&ygonf?
ygwDA[kd±kH;rS bkH&dyfomwGif xrif;pm;=u& onfhtcg [if;u “0”i±kwfoD;ac: i±kwfoD;tpyfESifh ausmufz±kHoD;
a&mðywfxm;onfh[if;? xrif;u qefw0ufygon/fh ajymif;zl;ESifhuefpGef;&Gufwkd@a&mxm;onfh okH;vGef;wif xrif;?
onfxrif;[if;ukd uav;awGu b,fvkdrS rpm;Ekdif=uyg? vl}uD;awGu bmeJ@yJ jzpfjzpf pm;Ekdif&rnfqkdwJh
tawG;tac:pkdufxl+yD; pm;Ekdifayr,fh uav; awGu i,fao;awmh 'DtawG;tac: pkdufxlay;I r&yg? xkd@a=umifh usrwkd@
tvGefpdwfqif;&J cJh=u&ygonf?
onfwGif twGif;a&;r–;onf ol@woufwGif wcgzl;r# rvkyfzl;aom tvkyfwckukd rsuf&nfpufvufESifh
vkycf Jhygonf? ygwDA[kdokd@tvm vrf;wGif wzufEkdifiHu ol@ukd vufaqmiftjzpf ay;vkdufaom taumif;pm;em&D wvkH;
&Sdygonf? xkdem&Dudk olu c|wf+yD; usrukday;&if; ajymvmonf?“eifæ'gukd a&mif;+yD; uav;awGudk
[if;0,fau|;vkdufyg”wJh? onftvkyfrsKd;ukd rvkyfvkdoljzpf ojzifh olonf &ifeifhatmif cHpm;vkduf&&Smygonf?
xkdaiGonfvnf; b,f avmufr# rpm;vkduf&yg? ae0if;u 25-usyfwef w&m;r0ifawmh -[k a=unm vkdufaomtcg
okH;r&aom aiG jzpfoGm;cJh&ygonf?
 ygwDA[kdpcef;wGif wtdrfaxmif =uufrESpfaumif arG;cGifhjyKa=umif; wjcm;olrsm;u ajymvm=uonf? ol@ukd
usru “wkd@vnf; cGifhjyKcsuftwkdif; =uufrESpfaumif arG;=u&atmif? =uufO&if uav;awG pm;Ekdifwmaygh”[lI
ajymrdonfhtcg olu b,fvkdrS oabmrwlyg? “igæwav#mufvkH; tkd;uav; pepfukd wkdufcJhwJhol? 'grsKd;ukd b,fvkdrS
vufrcHEkdifbl;”[k qkdygonf?
onfta=umif;awGu 'k-OuUÏocifazwifhem; a&mufoGm;onf? 'k-OuUÏu usrukd ac:ar;cJhonf? usru
[kwfrSefa=umif; ajymvkdufonfhtcg 'k-OuUÏu ol@ukd ac:ajymonf? “'g[m cGifhjyKcsuf ay;+yD;om; jzpfvkd@ arG;vkd@&ygw,f?
cifAsm; arG;cGifhay;vkdufyg”qdkI usr =uuf 2-aumif arG;cGifh&oGm;ygonf? oluawmh tJovkd pdwf"mwfrsKd; &Sdolyg?
olukd,fwkdifuawmh tpm;taomufukd rufrufarmarm &SdvSol r[kwfyg? wae@ tdrfwGif
ukd,fhbmomazsmfonfh vufzuf&nfokH;cGufavmuf aomuf&v#if auseyfEkdifol jzpfygonf? okd@&mwGif yefqef;wGif
aepOfwav#mufvkH; =uufarG;/ 0ufarG;/ pkdufysKd;a&;vkyf+yD; ol@ukd wwfEkdifor# jyKpkapmifha&Smuf vmcJh ygonf?
olonf t&m&mwGif jywfjywfom;om; ajymqkdvkyfukdifwwfygonf? b,fawmhrS ygwDta&;/
Ekid fit
H a&;wkd@udk rypfy,fbJ OD;xdyf&Gufwwfolyg? ol uG,fvGefoGm;onftxd ygwDta&;ESifh awmfvSefa&;twGuf
OD;xdyfxm;cJhygonf? olrusef;rmonfh tcsdefwkdifatmif ygwDESifh &Jabmfrsm;okd@ t}uHay;wm wifjy wmawG
vkyfoGm;cJhygao;onf? ygwDA[kdokd@ wifjy&ef pmwrf;wapmifukdvnf; cufcufcJcJjzifh }uKd;pm;yrf;pm; a&;oGm;ygao;onf?
ol. ygwDpdwf"mwftwGuf usr *k%f,lrdygonf?

&ckdifjynfe,f/ ygwDaumfrwD 'k-twGif;a&;r–; OD;wl(ac:) &Jabmfwl

&Jabmfwlu ol@ta=umif;awGukd &Jabmfrsm;tm; pyfrdv#if pyfrdovkd jyefvnfajymjywwfonf? usronfvnf;

r=umc% em;axmifzl;cJhojzifh ol@vlwef;pm;ADZutp od&Sdaeygonf?
&Jabmfwlonf ajr&SifrsKd;±kd;rS qif;oufvmcJholyg? ajr&Sifjzpfol ol@tzGm; onf v,fajrawGrsm;pGm ykdifonf/
tvGefcsrf;omonf[k ajymoHvnf; =um;zl; onf? ol@ukd arG;zGm;pOfu ol@wGif oGm;uav;okH;acsmif;ygvmI bDvl;0if
pm;onfqkdum tartazrsm;u aocsifaoygapqkd+yD; onftwkdif; ypfxm;=u onf? bDvl;jzpfv#ifvnf; ighukd
pm;ygapqkd+yD; tzGm;u ,larG;onfhtwGufom ol touf&Sif}uD;jyif;vm&a=umif; ol ajymjyygonf? oli,fpOfu tzGm;
tvkdvkdufxm;ojzifh tawmfqkd; tawmfrkdufcJh±kHru aiGa=u;vnf; tawmfðzef; wD;cJhonf-[k qkdonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGif;okd@ 0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ ypPnf; rJhb0ukd cH,l+yD;onfhaemufrSm ypPnf;rJhwa,muf yDoaatmif/
awmfvSefa&;orm; yDoatmif rdrd.vlwef;pm;ADZukd cufcJyifyef;pGm jyKjyifavhusifhcJha=umif; olu &Jabmfrsm;ukd ajymjy+yD;
ol@b0jzpf&yfrSwqifh ynmay;cJyh gonf?
ol@emrnf&if;uvnf; armifwlyg? &Jabmfrsm;uawmh OD;wl(okd@r[kwf) Akdvfr–;wl pojzifh ac:a0:wwf=uonf?
vlxkuawmh ol@ukd OuUÏwlvkd@yJ ac:=uonf? olu awmifolv,form;or*~ OuUÏtjzpf vkyfukdifcJhI onfokd@
ac:=ujcif; jzpfonf?
&Jabmfwlonf vlxkpnf;±kH;a&;wGif txl;ojzifh emrnf}uD;onf? vlxktwGif;wGif
pum;ajymaumif;oltjzpfvnf; emrnf&onf? olonf vli,f &JabmfawGESifhvnff; &if;ESD;pGm
aygif;oif;qufqHwwfovkd vl}uD;awGESifhvnf; tjyeftvSef cifrifav;pm;r_jzpfaeatmif qufqHEkdifol jzpfonf?
olu pkdufysKd;a&;ESifh arG;jrLa&;ukd txl;0goemygonf? oyfoyf,yf,yf oef@oef@&Sif;&Sif; aexkdifwwfonf?
ygwDuay;tyfvmaom b,fvkdwm0efrsKd;ukd rqkd ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifwwfoljzpfonf? olonf &ckdifjynfe,fygwD
aumfrwD. 'k-twGif;a&;r–;wa,mufjzpfovkd jynfe,fb¾ma&;wm0efukdvnf; ,lxm; &ao;onf? onfhtjyif
&ckdifjynfe,f trsKd;orD;pnf;±kH;a&;wm0efcHvnf; jzpfonf? onfavmuf tvkyfawGrsm;aeonfhtxJu pkdufysKd;a&;ESifh
arG;jrLa&; wkd@ukdvnf; vkyfjzpfaatmif vkyfvkdufygao;onf?
ppfawGc±kid fta&S@jcrf; av;jrdK@bufu &JabmfawG tpnf;ta0;vm onfhtcg vdarRmfyifrsm;rSm,l+yD; vdarRmfjcH
iSufaysmjcHrsm; pdkufygonf// ajr&Sifrsm;xH rS odrf;qnf;&aomEGm;rsm;udk qif;&Jom;vlxkudk arG;cdkif;um olwdk@vnf;oHk;[k
tyfxm;onf? wyftpnf;ta0; jynfe,ftpnf;ta0;vkyfonfh tcg tom; [if;tjzpf au|;wwfonf//
olonf aysmfaysmfaewwfonf// trsm;tm;jzifh e,fxJrSmyJ aewmrsm; onf// wm0efxrf;aqmif&mwGifvnf;
bmwm0efyJusus rnnf;nLwwfyg? touf 60 &dSaewmawmif ausmufjzLc&dkifudk wm0efay;cH&I 'Dwm0efukd
xrf;aqmif&ef awmvrf;c&D; awmif=uD;awmifi,f toG,foG,fwdk@udk ajcv#if ausmfjzwfjyD;
wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf// ausmufjzLc&dkif urf;axmifh}uD; &efolykvdyfpcef;odrf;ydkufjyD; &efol@*dka'gifxJrS
ypPnf;rsm;udk a'ocHvlxkrsm;tm; cGJa0ay;cJhygonf// vlxkESifhvnf; wom;wnf;uspGmqufqHonfh &Jabmf=uD;
wa,mufjzpfygonf?
 trsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf; tvGef*&kpdkufygonf? trsdK;orD;rsm;onf pcef;rSmyJae&onfhtwGuf
vdktyfaomypPnf;rsm;udk olyJ pDpOfjyD;ydkS@ay;onf? aqmif;qdkv#if aqmif;tusô/ aEGqdkv#ifaEGtusôtrsdK;orD;rsm;ufdk
OD;pm;ay;jyD; ydk@ay;wwfonf?
olpdkufaom vdarRmfjcHwGiftoD;awGoD;vmv#ifvnf; ygwDpcef; awGudk ydk@ay;onfhtwGuf
pm;=u&ao;onf? ol@vdarRmfjcHxJwGif iSufaysmyif awG ukdvnf; pdkufxm;ao;onf? iSufaysmoD;vnf;oD;ygonf?
olpcef;rSmaev#if tm;vyf&ufqdk &Jabmfrsm;udkac:jyD; wa,muf "m; wvufpDeJ@ olua&S@uxGufjyD; vdarRmfjcH
iSufaysmjcHrsm;udk jrufEkwfaygif;oif vkyfwwfonf? &Jabmfrsm;rysif;&datmif &,fp&m armp&mvnf; ajymwwfonf?
olonfavhvma&;wGifvnf; pHerlem,lavmufonf? olonf rmhufpf 0g'usrf;rsm;udk
avhvmvdkygonf? okd@&mwGif rmhufpfusrf;pmrsm;onf EkdifiHjcm; bmomESifha&;xm;onfu trsm;pk? Armbmomjyef
enf;onf? xkd@a=umifh olrsm;bmomjyefay;oavmufyJ avhvm&wJhtwGuf t*Fvdyfbmomudk oif,l vdkpdwfjyif;jyjyD;
olukd,fwkdif t*Fvdyfpmudk poifygawmhonf? ynmwwf &Jabmfrsm;udk tajccHrSpIoifay;apjyD; tajccH&&SdonfESifh
oifay;onfh&Jabmfrsm; tvkyfysufrSm pkd;&drfvmonf? oif=um;ykd@csay;onfh &Jabmfrsm;udk onfokd@
oif=um;ay;ae&onfhtwGuf olwdk@.wm0efrsm; vpf[if;oGm;rnfpdk;ojzifh ol@ twGuftcsdefukefrcHapawmhbJ
ol@bmomolusufrSwfygawmhonf// olonf toHus,f=uD;ESifh atmfzwfjyD; vkyfief;xJrS t*Fvdyfpmwwf&Jabmfrsm;udk
olrSm;v#if axmufjyapzkd@ rSmxm;onf// olrSm;aeonfukd &Jabmfrsm;uvmI jyifay;rnf/ oifay;rnfqdkv#ifvnf;
vufrcHyg/ tJ'DuyJatmfajymvdkufyg[k qkdygonf// onfokd@ESifh olonf olusqHk;cgeD; tcsdefta&mufwGif t*Fvdyfpm
tawmftoifh zwfEdkifaeygjyD//
olonf &Jabmfrsm;ESifh pum;vufqHkuswdkif; tjzpftysufrsm;udk ajymjywwfygonf//
xkd@a=umifh&Jabmfrsm;onfol@ESifhaev#if rysif;=uyg//usrwdk@ trsdK;orD;rsm;udkvnf; trsdK;om;rsm;eJ@wef;wl vdkufygEkdif&ef
trsdK;rsdK; jyKpkysdK;axmif/ t=uHay; tm;ay;wmawGudktjrJvkyfygonf// usrb0ukd ol jyKjyifajymif;vJ
ynmay;cJhykHta=umif;uawmh txufrSm usr azmfjycJh+yD;yg+yD? usrukdomruyg? tjcm;&Jabmfrsm;ukdvnf; ol
jyKjyifajrawmifajr‡mufay;cJhonf? olonf &Jabmf rsm;ukd jyKpkysKd;axmifonfhtcgwGif enf;emtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh jyKpkysKd;
axmifay;wwfol jzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh &JabmfawGu ol@ukd cspf=uonf?
&JabmfawGukd pnf;±kH;onfhenf;wl vlxkpnf;&Hk;&mwGifvnf; enf;em trsdK;trsdK;udkoHk;+yD; pnf;&Hk;wwfygonf?
awmzsm;acsmif;wGif &if;wm;&Gm/ aygufawmjyif&Gm/ taygifawm&Gmæponfh&Gmrsm;onf oljyKjyifwnfaxmif
ay;cJhonfh&Gmrsm; jzpfonf? xkd&Gmrsm;onf ,cifuqkfd jzpfovdkae=uonf? OD;wlOD;aqmif+yD; tdrfawGudk pepfwus
twef;vdkufaqmuf/ udk,fhtdrfudk,f+cHtjzpf pnfyifvmatmif enf;jy/ opfyif0g;yif O,smOf+cHawG b,fvdkpdkufæpojzifh
oifjy+yD;/ rsdK;aphrsm;utp oludk,fwdkif&Smay;um pdkufcdkif;ygonf? xkdokd@ ol vkyfaqmifay;cJhonfhtwGuf o&uf/ ydEMJ
paomtoD;rsm;onf xkda'orsm;wGif pD;yGm;jzpf a&mif;pm;Ekdifonfhtjzpfokd@ a&mufcJhonf? tdrfawGvnf; 0g;tdrfyif
jzpfap cdkifcdkifcef@cef@ b,fvdkaqmuf&w,fqdkwm olu pHjytdrfaqmufjyvkduf ygao;onf? xkdokd@ vlxkpnf;&Hk;a&;udkvnf;
aZmufcs vkyfonfh twGuf vlxkawG uvnf; ol@udk cspfcifav;=ujcif; jzpfonf?
aemufykdif; oltouf}uD;vmcsdef olt+rJajymvmonfh pum;wcGef; uawmh “jynfawm wjynfawG@yg,uf
touf ravmc”qdkonfh pum;yg? qdkvdkwmu olonf touf}uD;vm+yDjzpfI ,cifuuJhokd@ pdwf&Sdoavmuf
rvkyfEdkifwmudk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? olajymzl;onf? &cdkifjynfe,f.ordkif; wGif rygrjzpfaom “awmuH” nDvmcHwGif
olonf tdrfomaqmufvkyfjcif; tygt0if aqmufvkyfa&; wm0efudk,lcJh& onf? tdrfomtvkH;aygif; (300)
udkaqmufcJh& onf[k qkdonf? ygwDwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&mwGifvnf; (tpnf;ta0;vkyf wm/ &duQmpkaqmifwm/
pcef;ae&mcswm) utp bmwm0efudk,l&,l& rnnf;r!l wufºuGpGm xrf;aqmif wwfygonf?

ol usqkH;oGm;onfhta=umif; txufwGif usr wifjycJh+yD;yg+yD? odyf+yD; rjynfhpkHao;onfhtwGuf onfae&mwGif

tenf;i,f jznfhpGufwifjyygOD;rnf? 1969 ckESpf pufwifbmv? &ufawmh rrSwfrdawmhyg? tJ'D&uf reuf 6 em&DrSm
&Jabmfwlonf nu tpnf;ta0;+yD;wmaemufusojzifh &GmjyifrxGuf EdkifawmhyJ olaqmufxm;aom pHjytdrfrSmyJ
ntdyfvkdufonf? xkdpOf ykÀm;u|ef;rS &efol onf nwGif;csif;vm+yD; tdrfudk 0dkif;ypf=uonf? olu tdrfay:rSm tdyf+yD;
ol@ uif;&JabmfESpfa,mufu tdrfatmufrSm tdyfygonf? ol@uif;&JabmfawGeJ@ wdkufyGJjzpfaepOf oluvnf; tdrfay:rSae
umbdkifESifh jyefypf+yD; ckcHonfhtwGuf ol@udkyJ 0dkif;ypf=uojzifh *k%fa&mifajymifpGm usqHk;cJh&ygonf? ol usqHk;csdefwGif
touf 60 ausmfyg+yD? &efolonf &Jabmfwl.tavmif;udk avSuav;rSmwif+yD; oabFmESifh ykÀm;u|ef;xd qGJoGm;onf?
[kda&mufawmh ykÀm;u|ef;qdyfurf;&Sd qefpufrSmyJ jrKyfESHum wygwfwdwd wyfcGJwcGJ uif;csxm;ygonf? usrwdk@ wyfeJ@
vlxkyg tavmif;vk&efoGm;cJh=uygao;onf? &efolESifh vltm;/ usnftm; rr#ojzifh jyefqkwfcJh&ygonf? &Jabmfwl
usqHk;jcif;onf &cdkifjynfe,f/ ygwD/ vlxkESifh awmfvSefa&;twGuf }uD;rm;onfh qkH;±_H;r_jzpfonfomru ArmwjynfvkH;u
awmfvSefa&;twGufvnf; }uD;pGmaom qkH;±_H;r_w&yf[k usr cHpm;rdygonf?
 Akdvf}uD;oef;jrifh(ac:) &Jabmf oef;jrifh

ol@emrnf&if;u (iykacs)? olonf yifukd,fADZt& tvwfwef;pm; v,form;tdrfaxmifpkrS

qif;oufvmolyg?oltdrfaxmifusonfhtcg ol@ZeD; onfu csrf;omv,form;tdrfaxmifpkrS qif;oufvmoljzpfojzifh
olonfvnf; csrf;omv,form;ADZokd@ ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf[k qkd&ygrnf? ol@ZeD;onfrSm armifESr ESpfa,mufom
&Sdonf? tukdjzpfol tapm}uD;qkH;ygoGm;cJhojzifh wOD; wnf;aom orD;vkd jzpfvmonf? ol@rdbrsm;
ykdifqkdifaomypPnf;rsm;ESifh v,f,m ajrrsm;ukd olwkd@ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;u ykdifqkdif&&Sdvdkufygonf? xkd@a=umifh olonf
csrf;omv,form;b0 ajymif;vJoGm;onf[k qkd&jcif;jzpfonf?
okd@&mwGif olonf ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pm;b0okd@ cH,lvkduf+yD;onf. aemuf wGif ypPnf;rJh&Jabmfwa,mufyDopGm
ygwDwm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifcJh ygonf? zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;uwnf;u wufºupGmyg0ifcJhzl;ol &Jabmf}uD;wOD;jzpf
onf[kvnf; =um;od&ygonf? zufqpf*syefacwft+yD; &ckdifjynfe,fwGif olykefacwfwacwf &SdcJhao;onf[k
olajymjyzl;I od&SdcJh&ygonf? olykefacwf[kom ac:avh&Sdaomfvnf; trSefrSm "m;jyrsm; aomif;usef;aomacwfjzpfonf?
aus; vufawm&Gmrsm;wGif aiGa=u;&Sdonfhtdrfrsm;ukd wkdufckdufvk,uf=ujcif; jzpfonf [k qkdonf? xkdpOfuvnf;
olonf aus;&GmvlxkESifhtwl &yf&GmumuG,fa&; twGuf "m;jyrsm;udk &Gyf&Gyfc|Hc|H wkdufckdufESdrfeif;cJh&a=umif;
olajymjyojzifh od&Sd &ygonf?
olonf ppfawGc±kdif twGif;a&;r–;wm0efESifh c±kdifb¾ma&;r–;wm0ef wkd@ukd xrf;aqmifcJhonf? ol@taeESifh
awmfvSefa&;twGuf pGef@v$wfcJh&onfrsm; renf;vSyg? wjcm;olrsm;uJhokd@ ukd,fhrdom;pkESifhyifv#if jyefawG@zkd@ rvG,fulcJhyg?
ol@ZeD;onfrSm usef;rma&;raumif;oljzpfojzifh wjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;.ZeD; onfESifh rdom;pkawGvkd ol@ukd
vma&mufawG@qkHEkdifjcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf jzpfygonf?
tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wESpfwcg okd@r[kwf ESpf0ufavmufwGifwcg ukd,fhrd om;pkESifh awG@Ekdif=uonf? oluawmh ol
oGm;rSomv#if awG@&SdEkdifonfhtajctae jzpfaeonf? olwkd@Zmwda'orSmvnf; &efol@e,fajrjzpfaeojzifh ol roGm;
a&mufEkdifcJhyg? ol@rdom;pkESifh av;ig;ajcmufESpfavmuft=umrS wcgw&H tqif ajyv#if awG@&wwfygonf?
aemufykdif; ygwDtm;enf;vm+yD; wzufEkdifiHbufqD qkwfcGmvm &onfhtcsdefwGif vl}uD;ykdif;xJrS
Akdvf}uD;wifarmifESifh olyJ vkdufygvmonf? olonf &JabmfausmfjrESifh oufwl&G,fwlyg? onfavmuf
touft&G,f}uD;&ifhaeonfh yk*~KdvfwOD;jzpfonfhwkdif i,f&G,fonfh&Jabmfrsm;ESifh wwef;wnf; twlae twl pm;um
wkdufyJaG ygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmtwGif; }uH@}uH@ckdifckdif &yfwnf+yD; &Jabmfrsm;ukd OD;aqmifr_ay;EkdifcJhol jzpfonf?
olonf wzufEkdifiHpcef;wckwGif vl}uD;a&m*gjzifh touf(70) ausmft&G,fwGif uG,fvGefoGm;&Smygonf?
tcuftcJrsm;ukd &ifqkdifausmfjzwf+yD; a&&SnfawmfvSefa&;ukd jzwfoef;um &moufyefawmfvSefa&;b0tjzpfcH,lzkd@
qkdonfrSm tajymvG,foavmuf vufawG@wGif rvG,fula=umif; pmem em;vnf =uvdrfhrnf[k xifygonf/
Akdvf}uD;oef;jrifhuawmh aemufqkH;xGufouftxd ygwDukd zufwG,f&if; uG,fvGefoGm;ol[k usr cHpm;em;vnfrdygonf?

Akdvf}uD;wifarmif(ac:) &Jabmfwifarmif

olonf Armwyfrawmfom;a[mif; wa,mufjzpfjyD; ArmtrsdK;om;yg? ygwDA[dkrS ol@ukd

qufoG,fa&;wm0ef xrf;aqmif&ef &cdkifjynfe,fodk@ wm0ef v$Jtyfay;vdkufojzifh &cdkifjynfe,fokd@
a&mufvmjcif;jzpfonf? ygwDtvH awmfatmufrS &cdkifjynfe,f.awmfvSefa&;ordkif;wGif/ ol@&J@tcef;u¾onf
rao;vS[k usr xifjrif,lqrdygonf//olonf ol@woufwmvHk; qufoG,fa&; wm0efudk xrf;aqmifoGm;cJhygonf//
oifwef;aygif;rsm;pGmudkzGifhjyD; qufoG,fa&; wyfom;aygif; trsm;tjym;udkvnf; arG;xkwfay;EkdifcJhonf? onfuJhokd@
qufoG,f a&;vkyfief;awG&dSaer_a=umifh &cdkifjynfe,f&Sd ygwDESifh awmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@rsm;onf &efol.=uD;rm;aom
xdk;ppfrsm;udka&Smifwdrf;EkdifcJhygonf? &efoludkvnf; vufOD; r_&dSpGm wdkufcdkufEkdifcJhonf?
olonf&Jabmfrsm;eSifhqufqH&mwGifvnf; tvGeftqifajyatmif qufqHwwfygonf// tcuftcJtyif
tyef;vnf; cHEkdifygonf// ol@twGufESifh wjcm;&Jabmfrsm; 0efydrSmukd tvGefpdk;aom &Jabmfwa,mufyg// tvkyfvnf;
tvGef =udK;pmolwa,muf jzpfonf// xk@d a=umifh &Jabmffrsm;.cspfcifav;pm; jrwfEdk;r_udk cH,l&&SdcJhygonf// olonf
tEkynmukd 0goemygolwa,mufjzpfjyD;/ tm;upm;udkvnf; vdkufpm;ygonf// yavGaumif;aumif;r_wfwwfygonf//
ygwD.ae@xl;ae@jrwfawGrSmqdk &Jabmfrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfjyD; wufa&mufvm=uonfh vlxkrsm;udk twD;tr_wfawGESifh
azsmfajzwwfonf// yGJwDae@ESifh awmfvSefa&;ae@ yGJvrf;obifrsm;wGif &Jabmfrsm;. awmif;qkdcsuft& &Jabmfausmfjra&m/
Akdvf}uD;wifarmifwkd@yg oDcsif;rsm; a&;pyfay;=u&ygonf?
(Tae&mwGif tvsOf;oifhojzifh &JabmfausmfjrESifh Akdvf}uD;wifarmifwkd@ a&;pyfcJhaom oDcsif;uav;rsm;ukd
trSwfw& rSwfwrf;tjzpf azmfjyvkdufygonf?
 1? qefa&pyg;aygrsm;v@dk&,f »»»"n0wDvdk@ac:uwfyg&,f »» &uQyl& wdkif; "n0,f»»
iwfw,fqdkwmr=um;bl;yga& »» zufqpfae0if;wufvmrSuG,f »» 'kd@jynfolrsm;iwfao&a&»»
xrif;r0vdk@qefawmif;olawG»» pufaoewfeJh ypfowfjyefa&»» 'Dtwdkif;om cHuwfav»» &cdkifrsdK;yg jyKwfyg&r,f»»
&&mvufeufpGJudkifum&,f»»ae0if;tpdk;& jzKwfcspdk@uG,f»»jynfolrsm; ompnf;vHk;&if av»» ae0if;tpdk;&
rkcsjyKwfr,f»» jynfol@tpdk;&xlaxmifrSuG,f »» jynfol@b0 om,mvmr,f »» tvdkAsm atmifyJG,l=updk@vm; »»
2? waomif;zG,fcsuf &uQr*Fvm bkHr[D»»qefa&pyg;awG aygºu,f0
onf»»'kd@jynfolrsm;rSmjzifh»»pm;p&mcgvD»0wfp&mvnf; r&S+d yD»» zdESyd f'%f rcH+yD»»(vufeufpGJukdif
awmfvSefygrnf)2»»jynfol@tm%m xlaxmifpkd@ nD»» vkHcifESr tcspfqkH;cifcifr'D»»(rSwfcsuf? ? ESpfyg;oGm; tutwGuf
a&;pyf aom oDcsif;yg?)
3? wyfrawmfom;wJh Zmenfarmif»ra=umuf&GH@yg aemufrwGef@ yg»»&efwum
jrefr=um»»ae0if;tpkd;&ðywfatmif 'kd@wkdufrSm»» bmrxD pdwf"mwfeJ@ tjynfht0yg»»jynfol@twGuf
toufay;wkdufckdufrSm»»"m;csif; rSefr,Gif; rmefoGif;»csdefum òyifum» »ae0if;tpkd;&ðywfatmif 'kd@wkdufrSm»»
yxroDcsif;2-yk'fukd &Jabmfausmfjra&;zGJ@+yD; wwd,wyk'fukdawmh &Jabmf}uD; Akdvfwifarmifu a&;zGJ@xm;jcif;
jzpfygonf?)
&Jabmf}uD; Akdvfwifarmifonf ol@rdom;pkudkvnf; tvGefcspfjrwfE;dk yg onf// ol@wGif orD;wa,muf
om;wa,muf&dSonf// olwdk@rdom;pkonf tjcm; rdom;pkrsm;ESifh rwlbJ tenf; i,f xl;jcm;r_&Sd[k usrxifonf//
usrodoavmuf Addkvf=uD;wifarmifonf &cdkifjynfe,fa&mufrS tdrfaxmifuscJhjcif;jzpfonf// touftawmf=uD;rS
tdrfaxmifuscJhwmjzpfonf// onfhtwGufa=umifhvm; rajymwwf? om;orD;rsm;udk tvGefcspfcif,k,pGm jyKpkwwfol
wa,muf jzpfa=umif; awG@&onf//
ol@ZeD;onfrSm ausmufjzL“cvuf&Gm”oljzpfygonf? ol@ZeD;onfrSm ygwDxH vdkufvmcJhaomfvnf; ygwD.
w&m;0if&Jabmfwa,mufr[kwfyg? olu t&yfom;aemufydkif;tdrfaxmifonftjzpfom aevdkygonf? b,fvdkyJ
wdkufwGef; aomfvnf; w&m;0if&Jabmfwa,muftjzpf olu rcH,lvdkyg? okd@&mwGif pcef; vkyfief;yJjzpfjzpf/
wjcm;bmwm0efay;ay; olonf wufwufºuGºuG ESSifhwm0ef xrf;aqmifygonf? olonf tcsuftjyKwfvnf;
aumif;onf? pcef;wGif om;ig;/ [if;aumif;csufv#if trsm;tm;jzifh olyJcsuf/ aexdkifraumif;onfh &Jabmfrsm; udkvnf;
olyJ apmifha&Smufygonf? usrtygt0if pcef;&Sd &Jabmfrsm;onf rda0;za0;ae=u&olawGjzpfI oludk tarwa,mufvdk
cifrifrdygonf?
olwdk@ ZeD;armifESH[mvnf; wOD;udkwOD; tjyeftvSef*&kpdkuf=u ygonf? “udkwifarmif}uD;&,f/ r&Sif&,f”ESifh
aexkdifajymqkd=uwm wu,fhukd twk,l p&maumif;onf[k usrcHpm;rdygonf?
1966 ckESpfukefcgeD;wGifrSmawmh olwdk@rdom;pkonf wuGJwjym; pDjzpfoGm;cJh&onf? ta=umif;rSm olwdk@pcef;
twdkufcH&I &Jabmfwa,mufus/ wa,muf'%f&m&+yD; olwdk@om;trd 3 a,mufvkH;vnf; tzrf;cHvdkuf&onf?
pcef;twdkufcH&pOf Adkvf}uD; wifarmifonf tpnf;ta0;oGm;aeI pcef;wGifr&Sdyg? pcef;wGif; &efol0ifvmonfhtcg
ta':r&Sifonf uav;ESifh twlr&Sd/ tenf;i,f a0;onfhae&m a&mufaeI ol ajy;v#if vGwfrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
uav;awG usefaeI tzrf;cHvdkufjcif;jzpfygonf? wu,fhrdcifaumif;wa,mufyg?
&efolbufuvnf; ukvm;ppfAdkvfwa,mufus+yD; wa,muf'%f&m &oGm;onf? xkd@a=umifh
&efolppfAdkvfwa,mufu olwdk@om;trd 3 a,mufudk pcef;wGifyJ tjywf&Sif;ypfrvdk@yg? 'gayrJh wjcm;Adkvfwa,mufu
oabmrwlI olwdk@udk ykÀm;u|ef;rSwqifh ppfawGtcsKyfrSm 3 vavmufxm;+yD; ppfawG axmifrSm 4 ESpfcsvdkufygonf?
pcef;wGif puftrsdK;rsdK;ESifh qufoG,fa&; ypPnf;xm; onfh ae&mudk ol tukefodygonf? 'gayrJh &efolppfar;aomtcg
wcGef;rS olajymrjyyg? '%f&m& &Jabmfonfyifv#if ol@ukd zrf;rdoGm;onfhtcg wpkHw&m azmfajymao;onf?
(xkd&Jabmfonf axmifuvGwfonfhtcg awmfvSefa&;ukd pGef@v$wf+yD; tdrfjyefoGm;cJhonf) ta':r&Sifuawmh tJovkd
wcGef;wyg'r# ygwDESifh awmfvSefa&; xdckdufepfematmif xkwfazmfajymjyjcif; r&Sdyg?
ol@udk ac:xkwfppfaq;awmh olu “usr[m &Jabmfvnf; r[kwf/ olwkd@ bmawGvkyf=uw,fqkdwmvnf;
usrrod/ em;vnf; rvnfbl;? usr a,musfm;udk usrcspfvkd@ 'DrSmvkdufaewm? &Sifwdk@ owfvdk&ifvnf; owfawmh”
vdk@yJ ajymonf? &efolu pm&GufESifh cJwHcsay;+yD; pcef;wGif ypPnf;xm;wJhae&m ajryHkqGJjycdkif;+yD;/ pufawG ykHo¿mefukdvnf;
ykHqGJjyckdif;owJh? olu w&Gufay:rSm pmrsufESmvkH;jynfhatmif wvkH;wnf;aom 0vkH;ukd a&;jyvkduf+yD; “usr pmrwwfyg?
ajryHkqdkwm b,fyHkpHvJqdkwmvnf; usrrodyg”[k tppfcHowJh? “eifhukd v$wfvdkufv#if b,fudkoGm;rvJ”[k ar;jyef&m
olu “usra,musfm; qDoGm;rSmaygh”[lIom jyefajzcJhonf? “eifha,musfm;qDrSm ae&wm 'Davmuf 'kuQ}uD;wJh[m?
udk,fh&Gmudk,f jyefawmh? igwdk@ydk@ay;r,f”f [kajymawmh “usr &Gmrjyefbl;? rdbawGvnf;
r&Sd=uawmhbl;?nDtudkarmifESrawGvnf; udk,fhtdrf axmifeJ@udk,fjzpfae=u+yD? usrvnf; ukd,fhtdrfaxmifeJ@ukd,fyJ?
'ga=umifh usra,musfm;&Sd&mudkyJ oGm;r,f”[kom jyefajzcJhonf? uav;ESpf a,mufudk awmh ol@tar axmifouf 2
ESpfrSmyJ arG;pm;r,fhvludkay;&efqdk+yD; ,l*sD &Jabmfrsm;u xkwfcJhonf?
 4 ESpft=umrSmawmh ta':r&Sifukd axmifrSv$wfay;vdkufonf? wu,fyJ ta':r&Sifonf wyfxJudkyJ
jyefvmcJhygonf? ol@wkd@rdom;pkESifh olwkd@ uav;rsm;onf usrwdk@rdom;pkESifh wrdom;pkxJyrm aevmcJh=uygonf? usr
uav;“=unf=un”fudkvnf; touf 2 ESpfausmftxd olwdk@ xdef;cJhwmjzpfyg onf? =unf=unf 2 ESpfausmft&G,frSm
&efolv_yf&Sm;ar$aESmufvmonfhtcuf tcJa=umifh usrwdk@ pcef;ESpfpkcGJ=u&onfhtcg Adkvf}uD;wifarmifOD;aqmifaom
pcef;u oD;jcm;wckjzpfoGm;onfhtwGuf usrwkd@ cGJcJh&ygonf?
olwdk@rdom;pkonf tcuftcJudk }uHh}uHhcdkifcdkifESifh ±kef;uefausmfv$m; Ekdfifaom rdom;pkjzpfonf?
Adkvf}uD;wifarmifonf e,fpyfwae&mrSm usefcJhonfh &Jabmfrsm;udk oGm;=unfh&if;ESifh e,fpyfpcef;twdkufcH&I
Adkvf}uD;wifarmif wa,muf *k%fa&mifajymifpGm usqHk;cJh&&Smygonf? ol@ZeD;vnf; olcspfjrwfEdk; aom cifyGef;usqHk;+yD;
r=umcifrSmyJ aomurD;a=umifh vl}uD;a&m*g0ifvm+yD; qHk;yg; oGm;cJh&&Smygonf? olwdk@wGif usefcJhwJh om;wa,muf/
orD;wa,mufwkd@uawmh wzufEdkifiHwGifom qufvufaexkdif+yD; tcuftcJawGudk &ifqdkifausmfv$m; &Hk;uefae=uqJyg?

pHjytrsKd;orD;&Jabmf}uD; a':!Gef@

a':!Gef@onf &ckdifjynfe,fawmfvSefa&;twGif; &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; ay:xGuf vmcJhonfh acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfovkd

usrtxl;av;pm;onfh trsKd;orD;acgif; aqmifvnf; jzpfygonf? olonf aemufqkH;xGufouftxd &efoludk tnHrcH
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