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    The Basic Characteristics of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters Are

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    Parul Kumar
    This document discusses low pass filters. It defines a low pass filter as a filter that allows low frequencies to pass through but attenuates or blocks high frequencies above a certain cutoff frequency. It explains that a simple low pass filter can be made using a resistor and capacitor, with the capacitive reactance determining whether high or low frequencies are attenuated. Higher order filters create a steeper roll-off of frequencies above the cutoff point. Second-order filters are important building blocks for designing higher order filters.

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    The Basic Characteristics of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters Are

    Uploaded by

    Parul Kumar
    18 views2 pages
    This document discusses low pass filters. It defines a low pass filter as a filter that allows low frequencies to pass through but attenuates or blocks high frequencies above a certain cutoff frequency. It explains that a simple low pass filter can be made using a resistor and capacitor, with the capacitive reactance determining whether high or low frequencies are attenuated. Higher order filters create a steeper roll-off of frequencies above the cutoff point. Second-order filters are important building blocks for designing higher order filters.

    Original Description:

    filer information. detialed.

    Original Title

    Filters

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    This document discusses low pass filters. It defines a low pass filter as a filter that allows low frequencies to pass through but attenuates or blocks high frequencies above a certain cutoff frequency. It explains that a simple low pass filter can be made using a resistor and capacitor, with the capacitive reactance determining whether high or low frequencies are attenuated. Higher order filters create a steeper roll-off of frequencies above the cutoff point. Second-order filters are important building blocks for designing higher order filters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views2 pages

    The Basic Characteristics of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters Are

    Uploaded by

    Parul Kumar
    This document discusses low pass filters. It defines a low pass filter as a filter that allows low frequencies to pass through but attenuates or blocks high frequencies above a certain cutoff frequency. It explains that a simple low pass filter can be made using a resistor and capacitor, with the capacitive reactance determining whether high or low frequencies are attenuated. Higher order filters create a steeper roll-off of frequencies above the cutoff point. Second-order filters are important building blocks for designing higher order filters.

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    I was a given a project where I had to map 500 indian defence, aerospace and

    textiles industry. This was their ongoing project . all this information was
    supposed to be put on their portal. Firstly I had to find information on the various
    companies. Read about their products, their value in the market their customers.
    And I was given a various categories like defence, aerospace textiles navy
    electronics mechanical etc and I had to map the companies according to their
    products and services. They were doing this project in order for the people to
    gain easy access about various companies.

    The basic characteristics of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are:

    linear phase characteristic;


    high filter order (more complex circuits); and
    stability.

    A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical


    resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time,
    act to lower voltage levels within circuits.

    The above circuit is a low pass filter. As a capacitor is a reactive device, it offers differing resistance to
    signals of different frequencies entering through it. A capacitor is a reactive device which offers very
    high resistance to low-frequency, or DC, signals. And low resistance to high-frequency signals. As it
    offers very high resistance to DC signals, in this circuit, it will block DC from entering and pass them
    off to an alternative part in the circuit, which is shown to the right by the arrow. High= frequency
    signals will go through the capacitor, since the capacitor offers them a very low-resistance path.
    Remember that current always takes the path of least resistance. Being that a capacitor represents a
    low resistance in a circuit for high-frequency signals, they will take the path through the capacitor,
    while low-frequency signals will take an alternative, lower-resistance path.

    n active filter is a type of analog electronicfilter that uses active components such as an
    amplifier. Amplifiers included in a filter design can be used to improve the performance and
    predictability of a filter, while avoiding the need for inductors (which are typically expensive
    compared to other components).
    The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have as flat a
    frequency response as possible in the passband. It is also referred to as a maximally flat
    magnitude filter.
    Chebyshev filters achieve a faster roll-off by allowing ripple in the passband. When the ripple
    is set to 0%, it is called a maximally flat orButterworth filte
    These distortions are generally caused by the phase shifts of the waveforms. In addition to
    these three the rising and falling time parameters also play an important role. By taking
    these considerations for each consideration one type of filter is designed. For maximum flat
    response the Butterworth filter is designed. For slow transition from pass band to stop band
    the Chebyshev filter is designed and for maximum flat time delay Bessel filter is designed.

    LOW PASS FILTER


    Any high frequency signals applied to the low pass filter circuit above this cut-off frequency point will
    become greatly attenuated, that is they rapidly decrease. This happens because at very high
    frequencies the reactance of the capacitor becomes so low that it gives the effect of a short circuit
    condition on the output terminals resulting in zero output.
    Filters can be divided into two distinct types: active filters and passive filters. Active filters contain
    amplifying devices to increase signal strength while passive do not contain amplifying devices to
    strengthen the signal. As there are two passive components within a passive filter design the output
    signal has a smaller amplitude than its corresponding input signal, therefore passive RCfilters
    attenuate the signal and have a gain of less than one, (unity).
    the reactance of a capacitor varies inversely with frequency, while the value of the resistor remains
    constant as the frequency changes. At low frequencies the capacitive reactance, ( Xc ) of the
    capacitor will be very large compared to the resistive value of the resistor, R. This means that the
    voltage potential, Vc across the capacitor will be much larger than the voltage drop, Vr developed
    across the resistor. At high frequencies the reverse is true with Vc being small and Vr being large due
    to the change in the capacitive reactance value.
    A Low Pass Filter can be a combination of capacitance, inductance or resistance intended to produce
    high attenuation above a specified frequency and little or no attenuation below that frequency. The
    frequency at which the transition occurs is called the cutoff frequency. The simplest low pass filters
    consist of a resistor and capacitor but more sophisticated low pass filters have a combination of series
    inductors and parallel capacitors. In this tutorial we will look at the simplest type, a passive two
    component RC low pass filter.

    So for example, a second-order filter would have a slope of -40dB/decade (-12dB/octave), a fourthorder filter would have a slope of -80dB/decade (-24dB/octave) and so on. This means that, as the
    order of the filter is increased, the roll-off slope becomes steeper and the actual stop band response
    of the filter approaches its ideal stop band characteristics.
    Second-order filters are important and widely used in filter designs because when combined with firstorder filters any higher-order n th-value filters can be designed using them. For example, a third order
    low-pass filter is formed by connecting in series or cascading together a first and a second-order low
    pass filter.

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