Some Basic Derivatives

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Some basic derivatives:

f (x)

f 0 (x)

f (x)

f 0 (x)

xn

nxn1

ex

ex

ln(x)

1/x

sin(x)

cos(x)

cos(x)

sin(x)

tan(x)

sec2 (x)

cot(x)

cosec2 (x)

sec(x)

sec(x) tan(x)

cosec(x)

tan1 (x)

sin1 (x)

cosec(x) cot(x)

1/ 1 x2 for |x| < 1

cos1 (x)

1/(1 + x2 )

1/ 1 x2 for |x| < 1

sinh(x)

cosh(x)

cosh(x)

sinh(x)

tanh(x)

sech2 (x)

coth(x)

cosech2 (x)

sech(x)

cosech(x)

sinh1 (x)

sech(x) tanh(x)

1/ x2 + 1

cosh1 (x)

cosech(x) coth(x)

1/ x2 1 for x > 1

tanh1 (x)

1/(1 x2 ) for |x| < 1

coth1 (x)

1/(x2 1) for |x| > 1

Basic rules for differentiation and integration:


g(x) = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x)

d
dx


f (x) + g(x) =

d
dx


d
cf (x) = c dx
f (x) = cf 0 (x)

d
dx


f (x)g(x) = f (x)g 0 (x) + f 0 (x)g(x)

d
dx

f (x) +

d
dx

derivative of a sum
derivative with a constant factor
derivative of a product

first times derivative of second plus second times derivative of first

d f (x)
g(x)f 0 (x) f (x)g 0 (x)
=
derivative of a quotient
dx g(x)
g 2 (x)
bottom times derivative of top minus top times derivative of bottom, over bottom squared
d
dx



f g(x) = f 0 g(x) g 0 (x)

chain rule, or function of a function rule

derivative of the outer function times derivative of the inner function


f (ax + b) = af 0 (ax + b)

d
dx

f 0 (ax + b) dx = a1 f (ax + b) + C

integral of a function of a linear function



f 0 g(x) g 0 (x) dx = f g(x) + C

integral of a chain-rule derivative

R
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx

f (x)g 0 (x) dx = f (x)g(x)

special case of the chain rule


R
R
f (x) + g(x) dx = f (x) dx + g(x) dx

integral of a sum
integral with a constant factor

f 0 (x)g(x) dx

integration by parts

one part times integral of other, minus integral of derivative of the one times integral of other

Some basic integrals:


f (x)

ex

ex + C

xn for n 6= 1
1/x for x 6= 0
ax or ex ln(a) for a 6= 1, a > 0
eax for a 6= 0
cos(ax) for a 6= 0
sin(ax) for a 6= 0
1
for a 6= 0
+ a2
1
for |x| < |a|, a 6= 0
2
a x2
1
for |x| > |a|, a 6= 0
2
x a2
1
for |x| =
6 |a|, a 6= 0
x2 a2
1

for a 6= 0
2
x + a2
1

for |x| < a, a > 0


2
a x2
1

for x > a, a > 0


2
x a2
1

for x < a, a > 0


2
x a2
x2

Z
f (x) dx =

definite integral:
Z

a
b

xn+1
+C
n+1
ln |x| + C
ax
+C
ln(a)
eax
+C
a
1
sin(ax) + C
a
1
cos(ax) + C
a
1
tan1 (x/a) + C
a
1
tanh1 (x/a) + C
a
1
coth1 (x/a) + C
a


x a
1

+C
ln
2a x + a
sinh1 (x/a) + C
sin1 (x/a) + C
cosh1 (x/a) + C
cosh1 (x/a) + C

f (x) dx
b


b
f 0 (x) dx = f (x) a = lim f (x) lim f (x)
xb

provided

f 0 (x)

substitution:

f (x) dx

xa+

is continuous for all a < x < b.

 dx
f x(u)
du
du
Z b
Z u(b)
 dx
f (x) dx =
f x(u)
du
du
a
u(a)
f (x) dx =

integration by parts:
Z
Z
f (x)g 0 (x) dx = f (x)g(x) f 0 (x)g(x) dx
Z b
Z b

b
0
f (x)g (x) dx = f (x)g(x) a
f 0 (x)g(x) dx
a

indefinite integral
definite integral

indefinite integral
definite integral

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