Df+undo z'e sfdgf

r}To a'¢sf] lrQsf] k|tLs xf] . o;nfO{ nfdf efiffdf 5\of]t]{g elgG5,
5\of]t]{g eg]sf] wfld{s:yn Pj+ wfld{s :df/s / zlGtsf] k|tLs xf] . a'¢ /
dxfaf]lw;Œjx?sf] ef}lts sfo ;dflw:y ul/Psf] :yfgdf lgdf{0f ul/g] ePsfn]
o;nfO{ r}To klg elgG5 . o;nfO{ xfd|f] wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] ;Dkbf, xfd|f afa',
afh]sf] ;fwg ;+nUgt, of]ubfg, w/f}6Lsf] ?kdf lng' kb{5 .
plxn] lvDbu\ kNs] gfds Pshgf jof]j[¢ 3/ kl/j/af6 ckx]lnt eO{ eujfg
a'¢sf] z/0fdf k'u]] . pgdf leIf' aGg ;Sg] of]Uotf eP gePsf] a'¢n] cGt/
Wofgaf6 x]g{' xF'bf c;+Vo sNk klxnf ;'+u'/df hGd]sf] a]nf
ltgnfO{ s's'/n] nv]6\bf Pp6f r}Tosf] ;x/f lnO{a;] . pm 8/n] xNnfO{
/x]sf] k'R5/ r}Todf w:bf To;af6 r}Tosf] k'm6]sf] aflx/L efu ;Dd
eO{ ;Ts/ u/]sf] k'0o b]Vg' eof] . clg leIf' aGg kfpg] cg'dlt k|bfg
ubf{ pxfFnfO{ s]lx lbg kl5g} cx{tkb k|fKt eO{ lgjf{0fdf hfg' ePsf]
s'/f lqlk6sdf n]v]sf] kfOG5 .
5\of]t]{gsf] oxL dxfTjk"0f{ laz]iftfx? dgg u/L d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/sf]
;b:ox?sf] ;s[oftfdf ;Dt]g 5\of]lnª uf]Gkfsf] 5]p -Zofdf $, bf]nvf_ df
Pp6f cfsif{s Hoª\5\o'a\ 5\of]t]{g -af]lwr}To_ lgdf{0f ePsf] kfpbf v'lz
nfu]sf] 5 . of] r}Ton] uf]Gkfsf] ;f}Gbo{ a9fpg] uxfgf Pj+ wfld{s
cn+sf/ ePsf] 5 . o;sf] laz]iftf af/] ;a{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ caut u/fpg] cfzon]
o;sf] laifoj:t' ;d]6]/ Pp6f k'l:tsf k|sfzgdf Nofpg nflu/x]sf] yfxf kfOof] .
o;af6 klg 5\of]t]{g k|lt dflg;sf] cem >¢f a9\g] / 5\of]t]{gsf] ;+/If0fdf
6]jf k'Ug] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' .
o;sf] bz{g ug]{, k|blIf0ff ug{], cfb/ ;Ts/ ug{] ;a}sf] dgdf af]lwaLh
pTkGg x'g ;s"g . o;sf] lgdf{0f sfo{df cu|;/ x'g] d"n bftfx?, rGbbftf
dxfg'ejx?, :j]R5fn] >dbfg lbg] >lds bfh' efO{ / lbbL aflxgL, sf/Lu/ tyf
lgdf{0fsfo{ b]v]/ v'lz eO{ cg'df]bg ug{' x'g] ;a} ;'vL xf]cf];\ . ;':jf:y /
lg/f]uL eO{ lr/~hLlj xf]pmg\ . o;sf] k'0o k|efaaf6 ;a} dflg;sf] dg
;Gtltdf eb|sNksf] cfef; eO{ hut k|f0fLn] zflGtsf] Hof]lt pkef]u
ug{ kfpg oxL d]/f] z'e sfdgf 5 .
 ejt' ;j{ d+und
v]Gkf] ªjfª jf];]/
k|d'v nfdf
;Dt]g Iff]lnª u'Daf
n]vssf] snd af6

u'Dafsf] ;f]Gbo{ a9fpg] uxfg Pj+ wflds cn+sf/sf] ?kdf ;Dt]g 5\of]lnª
u'Dafdf xfdLn] Pp6f ga r}Tosf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . Tof] :yfkgf
ubf{ To; leq nufPsf] wf/0fL dGq s] s:tf 5g 1fg lbnfpg] / ;fydf
r}TonfO{ kl/qmd u/]sf] u'0fx? o; hgddf b]j, gfu, oIf, uGwj{, cflbn]
k'hf ug{], :d[ltjfg x'g], b]jtf ;/L lb3fo' /xfg], k'g{hgddf dg'iosf] hGd
lnO{ wd{df k|a]z ul/ a'¢Tj k|fKt x'g] s'/f eujfg a'4n] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
oL o:tf s'/fx? :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO cjut u/fpg] p4]Zon] of] lsta clt ;
+lIfKtdf / ;/n efiffdf ;a}n] a'em\g] ul/ tof/ kf/]sf] 5' . o;af6 hgdfg;df
>4f pTkGg ul/ o;sf] bz{g ug]{, k|blIf0ff ug{], cfb/ ;Ts/ ug]{ / ;a}sf]
dgdf af]lwaLh pTkGg x'g ;s"g . o;sf] lgdf{0f sfo{df cu|;/ x'g] rGbbftf
dxfg'ejx?, :j]R5fn] >dbfg lbg] >lds bfh' efO{ / lbbL aflxgLx? ;a}nfO{
xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ug{ rfxfG5' . o;df z'esfdgf n]lv si6 ul/ lbg'x'g]
>4]o v]Gkf] >L ªjfª jf];]/ Ho'df klg cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' . To;}ul/ z'4fz'l4
x]/L ;xof]u ug{' x'g] ldq k'0o k|;fb k/fh'nL Ho'nfO{ klg wGoafb lbg
rfxfG5' .
cGtdf r}To lgdf{0fdf sf/Lu/ tyf lgdf{0fsfo{ b]v]/ v'zL eO{ cg'df]bg
ug{' x'g] ;a} ;'vL xf]cf];\ . ;':jf:y / lg/f]uL eO{ lr/~hLlj xf]pmg\ . o;sf]
k'0o k|efaaf6 ;a} dflg;sf] dg ;Gtltdf eb|sNksf] cfef; eO{ hut k|f0fLn]
zflGtsf] Hof]lt pkef]u ug{ kfpg oxL d]/f] z'e sfdgf 5 .

ejt' ;j{ d+und

!= af}4 ;dfhdf r}To lgdf{0fsf] k|/fDe .
r}To af}4 ;dfhdf Ps dxTj k'0f{ ;Dkb xf] . o;sf] lgdf{0f k|f/De a'4sf]
hLjgsfn b]lvg} ePsf] lyof] . a'4 :jo+ lj/fhdfg x'Fbf klg a'4sf hLjgnLnf;Fu
;DalGwt cf7 k|l;4 r}To :yfkgf ePsf] s'/f tyfut ci6r}Tosf] kl/roaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . !=
kB z}nLsf] r}To -k]df k'ª\kL 5\of]t]{g_ zfSod'lg a'4sf] n'lDagL jgdf a}zfv
k"l0f{dfsf lbg hGd x'Fbf /fhf z'4f]bgn] slknj:t' gu/df tyfutsf] hGd :yfgsf] ;
+s]tdf nlIft ul/ :yfkgf u/]sf] r}To xf] . o; :t'ksf] cfsf/ d"n husf] cf;gdfly rf/ tx
uf]nfsf/ / To; uf]nfsf/sf] ue{df kb\df -sdn_ / wd{rqmx?n] l;ufFl/Psf 5g\ . @=
dxfaf]lw r}To -Hoª\5\o"a 5\o]gkf]O{ 5\of]t]{g_ zfSo d'lg a'4n] af]lwuof -ah|
f;g_ df af]lw1fg k|fKt ubf{ /fhu[xsf /fhf lalDa;f/n] af]lw1fgk|flKtsf] k|tLs
:yfkgf u/]sf] af]lw r}To xf] . o;sf] cfsf/ rflxF snzsf] kL7x?df s'g} k|sf/sf] rf/
txsf] k]6L 5 . o;sf] k]6Lx?df s'g} k|sf/sf snfs[ltn] cn+s[t kf/]sf] geO{ To;} ;fwf
/flvPsf] 5 . #= d+un wd{rqm ax'4f/ r}To -5\of]vf]/ 6lz uf]dª 5\of]t]{g_
zfSod'lg a'4n] rf/ cfo{ ;Tosf] wd{rqm k|j{tg ubf{ kfFr juL{o eb| lziox?n]
;f/gfy jf/f0f;Ldf wd{rqm kj{tgsf] k|tLs :yfkgf u/]sf] r}To xf] . o;sf] cfsf/ rf/ tx
rt'isf]0f k]6L /x]sf] 5 . To;sf] #÷# txsf] leQfx?df k|To]s lbzfdf $÷$ jf *, !@ / !^
cyf{t\ rf/ cfo{ ;To, cf7 ladf]If, åfbzf· k|tLTo;d'Tkfb, b'O{ ;To / ;f]x| z"Gosf k|
tLs 9f]sfx? lgsflnPsf 5g\ .
$= dxfk|tLxfo{ r}To -5\of]7'n 5\of]gkf]O{ 5\of]t]{g_ zfSod'lg a'4n] dxfk|
tLxfo{ -wfld{s zlQm_ k|b{zg u/L cfkm";Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ cfpg] caf}4 -t}ly{s_
x? k/f:t ubf{ wd{ ljhosf] k|tLs lnR5ljx?n] >fj:tLsf] h]tjgdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] r}To
xf] . o;sf] cfsf/ rt'isf]0f cfsf/sf] rf/ tx ePsf] k|To]ssf] tLg ltxfO efu aflx/
lgsfn]sf] cyf{t ci6sf]0f, rf/ txsf] k]6L p7fP/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . %= b]j
cjtL0f{ r}To -NxfaAkL 5\of]t]{g_ zfSod'lg hGd]sf] ;ft lbgdf k/nf]s ePsL
dftf dfofb]jLnfO{ wd{b]zgf ug{ a'4 t'lift b]jnf]sdf kfNg'ePsf] lyof] . ToxL
jiff{jf; latfO{ k"j{;GWofdf jiff{jf;sf] ;df/f]x u/L ck/fGxdf dg'ionf]sdf cfudg
x'Fbf To;sf] :d/0fdf ToxfFsf gu/jf;Lx?n] lgdf{0f u/]sf r}To x'g\ . o;sf] cfsf/
rt'isf]0f rf/ txsf], k|To]s rf/ txsf] tLg ltxfO{ efudf rt'isf]0fsf] rf/ txsf] k]6L
lgdf{0f u/L ;hfOPsf] / To;sf] aLr efudf l;F9L :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ^= ;+3
cGt/;lGw r}To -o]gb'd 5\of]t]{g\_ zfSod'lg a'4sf efO b]jbQn] leIf';
+3nfO{ km'6fP/ kIf / ljkIf agfPsf lyP . To;nfO{ b'O{ k/d wd{ ;]gfklt -zfl/k'q /
df}b\uNofog_n] leIf';+3nfO{ Pslqt kf/L ldnfpFbf To;sf] z'e pknIodf /fhu[xsf]
j]0f'jgdf duwLx?n] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ . o;sf] cfsf/ rf/ txsf] / o;sf] rf/ ;'/af6 Ps ;dfg
kf/]/ ci6sf]0f cfsf/sf] cToGt cfsif{0f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] r}To xf], o;nfO{ ldngsf] k|
tLs dflgG5 . &= ljho r}To -gdUon 5\of]t]{g_ o;nfO{ s'5] lHognfk -cfo';+:sf/
a9fPsf]_ r}To klg elgG5 . zfSod'lg a'4n] j}zfnLdf clGtd lzio r'Gbsf nflu tLg
dlxgf cfo' ;+:sf/ a9fpFbf To;sf] z'e pknIodf ToxfFsf gu/jf;L jf s'g} u|Gydf
b]ptfx?n] :yfkgf u/]sf] xf] elgPsf] 5 . o;sf] cfsf/ d"n hu uf]nfsf/ d'lg ;a} rf/ tx
uf]nfsf/ / To;sf] k|To]s tLg ltxfO efusf] /fd|f] k]6L agfPsf] 5 . o;sf] snzleq ljho
pi0fLifsf] d"ndGq -wf/0fL_ /fv]/ k|f0f k|lti7fg ul/G5 . *= kl/lgjf{0f r}To
-~ofªb\o 5\of]t]{g_ zfSod'lg a'4 kl/lgjf{0f x'Fbf s'zLgu/df ToxfFsf dNnx?n]
kl/lgjf{0fsf] k|tLs :yfkgf u/]sf] :t'k xf] . o;sf] cfsf/ ;+;fl/s k|k~r wd{wft'df ljnLg
ePsf] ;+s]t :j?k rt'isf]0fsf] rf/ tx /flvPsf] x'Fb}g . hu k'0o cf;gdfly snz cf;gdf
306fsf/ ue{ agfOPsf] x'G5 . 306fs[ltsf] tNnf] efudf bf]xf]/f] kßkL7 x'G5 .
306fs[ltsf] ue{sf] aLrdf wsf]{ c+lst ul/Psf] x'G5 .
To;}ul/ cfo{ ;l/k'qsf] c:t'wft'x? u[xklt cgfylk08sn] lnP/ cfO{ cfkm\gf]
3/leqsf] b/fhdf /fvL cfkm"n] lbgx'F k"hf u/]sf] h:t} c? l5d]sLx?n] klg ToxfF
uP/ k"hf ug{ yfn] . Ps ;dodf u[xklt s]xL sfdsf] nflu 9f]sf aGb u/L Pp6f 8fF8flt/
uP . To; ;dodf hg;d"xx?n] k"hf ug{ gkfpFbf xfd|f k"0osf] sfddf afwf k¥of]
egL ufnL u/]sf] u[xkltn] ;'g]/ a'4sxfF uP/ lalGt ubf{ ;fl/k'qsf] c:t'wft'sf] r}To
agfO{ To;dfly s'De, To;df cf;g rf/kf6] -6\x]_ T;;leq k|f0f:tDe -;f]ulzª_ To;df
Ps, b'O{, tLg / rf/b]lv t]x|j6f -wd{rqm e'jg_ h8fg ug'{Æ egL cf1f eof] . Toltv]/
s] of] cfo{ ;fl/k'qsf] c:t'wft'df dfq o;/L r}To :yfkgf ug]{ xf] ls cfo{x? ;a}sf
c:t'wft'df r}To lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] 1fg ePg egL To; ;dodf ToxfF pkl:yt leIf'x?n]
eujfg a'4nfO{ lalGt u/]. clg a'4n] cf1f eof] æu[xklt -cgfylk08s_ s]xL ;dosf]
nflu tyfut a'4sf r}To rflxF ;a{csf/ k"0f{ ePsf] lgdf{0f ug'{, k|To]s a'4sf r}Todf
uh'/ g/fVg', cx{t\sf] r}Todf rf/j6f 5qjfnL /fVg', cfgufdLsf] r}Todf tLgj6f
5qjfnL /fVg', ;X[bfufdLsf] r}Todf b'O{j6f 5qfjnL /fVg', ;|f]tkltsf] r}Todf Pp6f
5qfjnL /fVg' / wdf{Tdf k[ys\hg -;f];f]So]jf]_x?sf] r}Todf s]xL klg g/fVg' egL
pQd, dWod / clGtd JolQmx?sf] r}Tosf] ?k leGg leGg} lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ af/]
b]zgf ug'{ePsf] 5 .
To;} u/L >fjs r}Tosf] agfj6z}nL rf/ yfg wd{j:q -rLj/_ k§fP/ /fv]sf] dfly
leIffkfq vSv/ -leIf'sf] n7\7L_ 6]sL /fv]sf] h:tf], k|To]s a'4sf r}Tosf] agfj6
rf/kf6] d"n hu p7fPsf] dflysf] rf}sf -tx_ df a|fx tx uf]nfsf/ / To;df ci6c/
-cf7sf]0f_ ePsf] wd{rqmn] ;hfpg' kb{5 .
af]l4;Œjx?sf r}To cfsf/ rflxF leIffkq 3f]K6fPsf] h:tf] cw{j[Qfsf/, uf]nfsf/ /
µf]k8L h:tf] tyf ljhoWjhf h:tf ljleGg cf7 k|sf/sf r}To ePsf cfo{ gfuf{h'gn]
atfpg'ePsf] s'/f dxfg u'? l/uhLg lhu\d]b lnªkfn] pNn]v u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
ef]6 k|b]zdf eg] /fhf l7;|f]ªsf] ;dodf k|f/De ePsf] elg pNn]v u/]sf] kfO{G5
. ;ftf} ztfAbLsf l7;|f]ª /fhfn] e/ftaf6 v]Gkf] zGtf /lSIftnfO{ ef]6 k|b]zdf
cdfGq0f ul/ af}4 wd{sf] Aokfs k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{ eof] . To; ;dodf ef]6sf] ;a} eGb
k'/fgf] u'Daf ;Do]sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ rf/f} tkm{ ;]tf], /ftf], lgnf], clb rf/
cf]6f r}To lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] / ToxLg} ef]6 k|b]zdf r}To lgdf{0fsf] z'?jft x'g .
@= 5\of]t]{gsf] cy{
æ5\of]t]{gÆ zAb lxdfnL If]qsf] nfdf efiff xf] . æ5\of]Æ sf] cy{ k"hf cr{gf
cyf{t\ k"hfck{0f cflb x'G5 eg] æt]gÆ sf] cy{ cf>o, cfnDag / cfwf/ x'G5 .
cyf{t\ k"hf ug{ nfos wfld{s cfnDagdf >4fn' eQmhgx? e]nf eO{ k"hf kf7 /
wfld{s lqmofsnfk u/L k|blIf0ff ubf{ z'4 eO{ k'0o pQ/f]Q/ km}lng], ToxfF
k'0o kl/0ffdgf -z'e–sfdgf_ ubf{ OR5f cg';f/ dgf]efjgf k"0f{ x'g], wfld{s cf>o
ePsf]n] 5\of]t]{g elgPsf] xf] .
#= 5\of]t]{gsf] lgdf{0f sfo{
cfh ljZjdf hlt u'Dafx¿ :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . To;sf] cf;kf;df 5\of]t]{g klg
lgdf{0f ul/G5 . o;sf] cy{ u'Daf leq / aflx/ ;a}lt/ a'4d"lt{ / lrqsnfx¿ x'g] x'Fbf
To;nfO{ a'4sf sfo k|tLs dflgg], u'Dafleq /x]sf sUo"/, t]GUo"/ tyf y'k|} af}4 u|
Gy k':tsx¿ a'4sf jfs\ k|tLs / u'Dafleq jf aflx/ cfFugdf cyjf u'Daf glhssf] :yfgdf
snfTds ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/g] r}To rflxF a'4sf lrQsf k|tLs dflgG5 . x'g t d"lt{df g}
tLg sfo k"/f gx'g] xf]Og tfklg To:tf ;"Id j:t'x¿ ;fwf/0f dflg;x¿n] a'‰g g;Sg]
x'Fbf ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] lxtfy{ ljZjsf] s'gfsfKrfdf u'Daf;Fu} jf u'Dafleq} eP klg
a'4sf tLg sfo k"/f ug{sf nflu clgjfo{ Pp6f r}To lgdf{0f u/]sf] x'G5 . 5\of]t]{g
lgdf{0f ubf{ 9'·f / df6f]sf] /fz y'kf/]/ 7"nf] ufx|f] nufpg] sfd dfq geO{ r}Tosf]
ue{df a'4sf c:t'wft' :yfkgf ul/G5g\ . Tof] ;Dej gePdf dxfaf]lw;Tj / dxfl;4f u'?x?
sf] c:t'wft' / pxfFx?n] k|of]u u/]sf c? dfn;fdfgx? /fVg'kg]{, l;4 u'?x?n] zlQm k|
bz{g u/L lgsfn]sf a:t'x?, a'4sf rf/ dxftLy{:ynsf] 9'·f, df6f] / kfgL To:t} cGo
dxTjk"0f{ tLy{:ynsf cg'i7fg -k|;fbd"ns_ j:t'x?, jfusf b|Aox?, ljleGg
cf}iflwx?, ;'uGwo'Qm j:t'x?, k+r/Tg wft'x?, a'4 jrg ;"q OToflb nufO{ :yfkgf
u/L k"hf ug{, k|blIf0ff ug{ / k|fy{gf ug{ nfos ;fIfft\ wd{wft'sf] ?kdf lgdf{0f
ul/G5 . o;/L cfÇgf] b]zsf /d0fLo :yfgx¿df cfsif{s wd{wft'sf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f ug]
{ 5\of]t]{g -r}To_ x¿ tfTsflns cfjZostf k"/f ug{ / bL3{sflns af]lw1fg k|fKt
xf]cf];\ eGg] ljrf/n] pkf;s pkfl;sf / 7"nfa8f ;a} nflu lgdf{0f ug{] ul/G5 .
$= 5\of]t]{gsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] kmfObfx? .
h:t} ufpF, gu/ / b]zsf ;f}Gbo{ a9fpg] uxgf cn+sf/sf] ¿kdf b]zsf] /Tgdl0fsf]
lglw -e08f/_ sf] ¿kdf tyf ufpF3/sf] 8fF8fkfvfsf] /Tgs]t'sf] ¿kdf uf]Gkf /
gu/åf/sf] ¿kdf 5\of]t]{g :yfkgf ug{, To;}u/L ufp7fpdf pTkGg x'g] e"tk|]t bdg
ug{, e"tk|]tsf] af6f] 5]Sg, /f]uJoflw x6fpg, zq'sf] cfqmd0f /f]Sg, :j]bz / k/b]zsf]
;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug{, ;do cg';f/ 3fdkfgL eO{ afnLgfnL kmi6fpg, oz s[lt / j}ej
a9fpg, Pscsf{df ldqtf / ;b\efjgf a9fpg, b]z / ljZjdf zflGt xf]cf];\ eGg] sfdgfn]
5\of]t]{g :yfkgf ug]{rflxF o; nf]ssf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf] nflu xf] . o;sf] cltl/Qm
dxfdfgj a'4 wd{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug{ ;Dk"0f{ ljZjk|f0fLn] ljZj -;+;f/_ sf]
:jefj b'Mvdo ePsf] / wd{sf :jefj zflGtdo ePsf] af]w u/L lgjf{0f k|fKt u¿g\ egL
5\of]t]{g :yfkgf ug]{ rflxF bL3{sflns jf]lw1fgsf] nflu ePsf] a'lemG5 .
r}TonfO{ k"hf u/]sf] / k|ToIf -;hLj_ a'4nfO{ k"hf u/]sf] k'0okmn Ps ;dfg
x'G5 egL a'4 :jo+n] cfo{d~h'>LnfO{ atfpg' ePsf]5 . æclxn] dnfO{ k"hf u/]sf] /
eljiodf d]/f] k|ltljDa -r}Toflb_ nfO{ k"hf u/]sf] oL b'O{df km/s clnslt klg 5}g,
To;sf] k"0o / ljkfs -sd{kmn_ ;dfg k|fKt x'G5Æ egL eujfg\ a'4n] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
To;}n] o; k/Dk/fsf >4fn' eQmhgx?n] To;k|lt b[9 ljZjf; / lrQf]Tkfbs u/L
;Dk"0f{ dftf?kL k|f0fLsf ;'v zflGtsf ljrf/n] r}To lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf r}TonfO{ l;
+ufg]{, ;]tf] /+u sd]/f] / r'gf cflbn] ;hfpg], ;'uGwo'Qm hnn] l;+rg u/L k"hf
cf/fwgf ug]{, k|blIf0ff ug]{ / k|l0fwfg -k|fy{gf_ ug]{ u/]df clr+To k'0o k|Kt
x'g]5 .
%= ;Dt]g Iff]lnª u'Dafsf] af]lw r}Tosf] lgdf{0f .
o; ;Dt]g ;Dt]g Iff]lnª u'Dafsf] af]lw r}Tosf] lgdf{0f v]Gkf] ªjfª y]UIff]u\
-kl/jf/_ / bft]GhL z]kf{ af6 gj lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g . xfdLnfO{ hGd lbg] ddtfdoL
dftf :j= NxS8f]df z]kf{sf] ldlt @)^# ;fn h]i7 !& ut] a'4 hoGtLsf] k'0o ltlydf
:ju{/f]x0f eof] . d'dfsf] ;+:sf/ sd{ ul//x]sf] a]nf bfO{ ªfjf k;fª, lbbL k;fª, lbsL,
lªdf 8f]df / bfnf]d' z]kf{ af6 d'dfsf] cfTdf zlGtsf] nflu bz aif{ ;Dd ;Dt]g If]lnª
u'Dafdf a'4 hoGtL lhGbs ug{] / Pp6f :t'kf lgdf{0f ug{] eGg] ;'emfanfO{ ;xh
:jLsf/ u/] / v]Gkf] ªjfª jf];]/ Ho' ;dIf cg'/f]w ubf{ jxfn] klg r}To lgdf{0f
ug{ u'Daf dflysf] hUuf pknAw u/fpg] arg lbg' eof] . tL pb]Zox? >L sfsf
bft]GhL z]kf{ ;+u /fVb jxfsf] klg e/ftsf] ltyf{ ofqfdf af]lw r}Tox? bz{g
ubf{ >4f pTkGg eO{ Pp6f r}To lgdf{0f ug{] ;f]rdf x'g' x'bf] /x]5 . jxf ;+usf]
5nkmn kl5 b'j} hfg ldn]/ Pp6} r}To agfpg] ;Nnfx eof] . To; kl5 ufp 3/df
kfO{g] h'ª laleGg xft xlto/, cGg, cf}ifwLx?sf] hf]/ hDdf sfsf af6 ug{] / cGo
h'ªsf] dGq, k':ts, snz, /Tgx? Df}n] sf7d08f} af6 Nofpg] ;Nnfxdf @)^# af6 ;'?jft
u/]sf] eP klg @)^$ ;fn sfnf] aif{ ePsf]n] :yfkg ug{] sfo{ ! aif{sf] nflu :yflut
u/L @)^% ;fndf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ul/of] . ;Dk"0f{ eSthgx? ;dIf klg r}To ;DalGw
1fg kfpg / >4f a9fpg o; leq r9fPsf] h'ªsf] laifodf d 5f]6sf/Ldf atfpg rxfG5' .
of] r}To cf7 k|l;4 r}Tox? dWo] dxfaf]lw r}To x'g . leq /lvg] dGqx? k'Go ltlydf
cfkm' :od a;]/ @% hgf nfdfx? af6 ci6zLn lnP/ wf/0fL dGqnfO{ rGbg, sk'/, w'k
cflb ;'ulGwt hn kf]t]/ h'ª a]g]{ sfo{ ;'[? u/] . h'ª a]g]{ tl/sfdf klg lj4fgx?sf] dt
km/s km/s b]lvP klg xfdLn] rflxF Hod\uf]g nf]8f] yfo] cflbsf] ljlwcg';f/
dGqnfO{ leq kf/L lz/ af6 s|dz a]l/Psf] 5 . a]l/;s] kl5 klg /fd|f] j0f{sf] sk8fn]
a]/]/ To;sf] k5f8L af6 k~r1fgsf] k|ltlglw ug]{ k~r /+uL wfufn] afFw]/ 6'Kkf] /
km]b ge'Ng lrgf] nufpg] u/L !) lbg ;Dddf a]g]{ sfo{ / ;MR5M agfpg] sfo{x?
u/] .
d]?b08 -;f]lSzª_ rflxF af]6}df ;'s]sf], rls{Psf] / ls/fn] vfPsf] cflb bf]ifd'Qm
w'kL x'g . k/k'j{sfnsf ljleÌ l;l4k|fKt u'?x?sf] lty{ :yfn tyf cUnf lxdfn xf]dfr]
gfds ;kmf :yfg af6 z'Sn kIfsf] pQd gIfqsf] z'e lbgdf k"j{kl§sf] lrgf] ge'ln
sf6]sf] x'g . /fd|/L ;'s]kl5 6'Kkf] / km]b ge'ln km]bdf rf/kf6] df]6f] / Todf
ljZjah| n]lvPsf] 5 . 6'Kkf]df r}Ton] cfn+s[t ul/Psf] 5 . d]? b08nfO{
;Dk"0f{ sfo{ l;4 ug{ / j[xtsd{sf k|tLs /ftf] /+un] /+ufO{ k~r a'4sf] jLr dG`
cf]d\ x+' qfd lx| cfM cuf8L af6 clwi7fgsf] dGq cf]d\ cf x'+ :jfxf cflb /~hgf
lnlkdf ;'g kfgLn] z'4;+u ldnfP/ n]lvPsf] 5 . To;} u/L zL/df a}/f]rg a'4sf] jLh
dGq ;]tf] cf]d\ n]lv To; d'lg rf/} lbzfdf ;a{ ljBf dGq cf]d\ ;j{ ljBf :jfxf n]lvPsf]
5 . s07df cldte a'4sf] aLh dGq /ftf] cfM n]lv To;sf] d'lgaf6 rf/} lbzfdf dGq
clnsln n]lvPs]f 5 . x[bodf cIff]Eo a'4sf] ljh dGq lrt ah|sf] ?kdf clwi7fg ePsf]
ljhfIf/ lgnf] xF' n]lv To;sf] d'lg rf/} lbzfdf cfo' j[l4 ug]{ dGq cf]d\ jh| cfo'if]
:jfxf n]lvg'sf] ;fy} lqsfo a'4x?sf] cf–cfˆg} wf/0fL dGq n]lvPsf] 5 . gfeL
:yfgdf /Tgj0f{ a'4sf] jLh dGq :jf n]lv To; d'lg k"j{df pli0fio ljdn wf/0fL, blIf0f
kl§ pli0fio a'4sf] ljho dGq, klZrd kl§ u'xo c:t'wft' wf/0fL dGq, pQ/ kl§ zt;x>
jf]lw cn+sf/ wf/0fL / lt ;a}sf] d'lglt/ k|ltTo ;d'Tkfbsf] wf/0fL dGq n]lvPsf] 5 .
u'xo :yfgdf cdf]3l;4L a'4sf] aLhdGq xl/of] j0f{sf] xf cIf/ n]lv To; d'lg k|lti7fsf]
d'n dGq cf]d\ ;'k|lti7f ah|o] :jfxf elg n]lvPsf] 5 . dGqx? ;'/lIft x'g knf:6Lsn]
/fd|/L a]/]/ To; kl5 lktfDa/sf] j:qn] a]/L a'4sf] k~r1fgsf] k|tLs k~r /+uL wfuf]n]
afFwLP/ ;DkGg ul/of] .
To; kl5 k'hf k|d'vdf v]gkf] ªjfª jf];]/ / cfkm' :+od a;]/ @% hgf nfdfx?af6 dfbs
kbfy{, n;'g, Kofh, df;' d'nf h:tf cof]Uo kbfy{ Tofu]/ Ps xKtf ;Dd …Hoª\t]/ 8f]jf
s'G8f]nÚ sf] k"hf ljlw cg';f/ dGqsf] ;fwgf ;DkGg ul/of] . To; :yfgdf jfwf
k'¥ofpg] k|]tfTdf / j'4 wd{sf] zf;g / k|f0fLx?nfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg]
jfwfsx?nfO{ u'? nfdf sGIff]u Ho'ªg] af6 tLg lbg ;Dd b'Hof]d wd{lglw
ægfdRou\ k'6LÆ sf] k'hf ljlw cg';f/ ljlw k"j{s bjfpg] sfo{ ul/of] .
To; dfly xltof/sf] o'u af6 d'St eO{ zfGt kfg{ wg'if, efnf, tnjf/, aGr/f], aGb's,
v's'/L cflb c?nfO{ gi6ug]{ xltof/x? d'v aflx/ lt/ kf/L /flvPsf] 5 .
o; hDj'l4kdf ;f/ cgfh af]6 lj?jf tyf ;f/ tTjnfO{ xfgL gx'g, jf8L k}/f]sf] b'Mv af6
afFRg, ;fy} wg ;Dklt a[l4 eO{ b'vL, u/LaL, bl/b|tfsf] kL8f af6 d'St x'gsf] lgldQ
lxh xf]lng]; 7'NzLs l/Gkf]If] 4f/f ;fwgf u/]sf] t]ªkf]If] l/Gkf]If] af6 k|fKt e"ld
snz ^ j6f, lxh xf]lng]; bf]8'a l/Gkf]If] 4f/f ;fwgf u/]sf] gfu snz @ j6f, nIf0f o'St
snz ! j6f u/L hDdf gf} j6f snzx? /flvPsf] 5 . To;sf] lar lardf /x]sf] vfnL
7fpFnfO{ ;'ulGwt w'k tyf ;'gkftL nfO{ lk;]/ dl;gf] kf/]/ el/P/ To; dfly
k'li6sd{ l;4 ug{ kx]nf] j:qn] 9flsPsf] 5 .
To; dfly claBsf] sNk af6 d'St eO{ c;fwf/0f l;l4 k|fKt ug{ / laif]z u/L
bfgkltsf] ;Dklt tyf kl/jf/sf] j[l4 x'g] ;fy} cfo', k'0o, clwsf/ a[l4 xf]; eGgsf]
nflu /Tg tfdfaf6 ag]sf] 7"nf] efF8f]df z'4 lwpn] e/L -sNkbLk_ kx]+nf] sk8fn]
9fs]/ /v]sf] 5 .
To;sf] jl/kl/ rf}/Tg ;'g, rfFbL, tfdf, kmnfd, / o'+, d'uf, df]tL, cflb / @% b|Aox?,
cf}iflw, cGg, kmn k'mnx?nfO{ Ps dfgf eGb a9L c8\g] y}nf]df nufO{ d'v aGb
u/L oIf sf]if 9's'6L b|Ao /lvPsf] 5 .
;fydf dg]Zj/ af6 NoPsf] df6f] / hn, af}4ufo, agf/;, s'zLgu/, /fhu[x, n'lDagL cflb
a'4sf] dxfg ltyf{ :yfn af6 NoPsf] hn, df6f] / kTy/x? ;d]l6Psf] 5 . To;} u/L
l/jf];f/, l;lSsd nufPt u'? kbd ;+ejsf] dxfg ltyf{ :yfnx? pknAw ul/ o; :t'kdf /lvPsf]
5 . To; dfly u0f]zsf] rs|d08n /lvPsf] / To; dfly aflx/L laWgafwf leq gk7fpg /
leqL ;fwf/0f / c;fwf/0f l;l4nfO{ alx/ gk7fpg oIf / oIfLkgLsf] d08n rs| /v]sf] 5 .
To; dfly ci6d+un rs| / To; dfly d+un, k|f0fLwfg, sfdgf l;4Lsf] wf/0fL dGq
cflb /fvL kbdf c;fgsf] tyf l;+x;fg ;dKt ul/of] .
o; dfly d"lt{sf] tNnf] efu -u'≈o:yfg_, dWo efu, -gfeL:yfg_, rf/ a|Dxljxf/x?df
zf:qdf atfP cg';f/ lalwk"j{s cf cfÏgf] dGq /Vg'sf] ;fy k~rdGq dxfwf/0fL
dGqnfO{ /fvL dGq tndfly kg{ uPsf] ;Rofpg tyf bf]if d'St /xg l/Ukf Ïm'u\/f]g
dGq klg /lvPsf] 5 .
x[bo b]lv s07;Dd cf cfÏgf] dGq /fvL ;fydf wd{sfo, ;+ef]usfo, lgjf{0fsfosf]
dGqx? /v]sf] 5 Xbo wf/f0fL dGqsf] j/fk/f j'4 sZoksf] cf:t' wft', j'4 zfSod'lgsf]
d'lt{, u'? l/Gkf]If]sf] d'lt{, RoG/]lhssf] d'lt{, 9flsgL dlru\ nA8f]gsf] k|;fb,
9lsgL e[s'l6sf] jf:q, u'? Iff]jfªsf] jf:q tyf u'l6s d"ns k|;fb, u'? Iff]jfªsf] k'q k]df
jfªIf]gsf] jf:q, dxfl;l4 yªtf]ª /fhfsf] k|;fb, dxf lglw klt ;fªUo lnªkfsf] z/L/ jf:q,
v]Gr] Iff]ls nf]8f]sf] u'l6s d"ns cleif]s b|Jo, l/UhL Ho5f]g l`ªkf]sf] 6f]kL,
nf]ªIf]gkf u'?sf] nf]ªIf]gkfn] ;fwgf u/]sf] k|;fb, jxfFn] agfPsf] ;R5M / jxfFsf]
pkb]zx? Hff]b'g -;Ktsf]if_, ªn\;f] sf];'{d\, /ª\8f]n sf];'{d\, Hodofª v]Gr] xf];]/,
kl08t ldkmd\ l/Gkf]If], kN6'n l/Gkf]If] cflbsf] cf}iflw d"ns k|;fb, ldGnLª l7If]g
l/GIf]g gfdUonsf] zl/l/s jf:q, Nxf;f l:yft sf7d08f} af6 nfu]sf] zSod'lg j'4sf]
d'lt{df /x]sf] jf:q, Nxr'g gDvf lhUd]sf] u'l6sf] d"ns k|;fb, b'Hof]d l/Gkf]Ifsf]
k6's / jf:q, Hodofª v]Gr] l/Gkf]If], lbNuf] v]Gr] l/Gkf]If]sf] k|;fb, k/d k'HogLo
u'? Ro]6n l/Gkf]If] af6 ;fwgf u/]sf] u'? l/Gkf]If]sf] d'lt{, k/d k'HogLo u'? 8'Ajfª
k]df gf]j'{ l/Gkf]If] af6 ;fwgf u/]sf] u'l6s d'ns k|;fb, `f]z'n v]gl/Gkf]If]sf] u'l6s
d"ns k|;fb ul/ x[bo 1fg ;Tjdf /x]sf] 5 . s07 / lz/df lalw k"j{s cf cfÏg dGqx? ;ldlnt
5g / !# wd{rs|df ah|ofg u'? k/fDk/fsf] gfdx? Nffdf lnlkdf ;'gkfgLn] n]lvPsf] 5 .
:t'ksf] tNnf] efu u'Xo :yfg b]lv lz/;Ddf /lvg] dGqx? oxfF pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g . OR5's eSthgx?n] ;DalGwt k':ts af6 1fg lng' xf]nf .
oL o:tf dGqx? r9fP/ sl/a ! dlxg leq dxfaf]lw r}Tosf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ul/of] . tbkZrt lsNvf]/ lbª ;ª\bf]u kN/L u'Daf sldl6sf] cWoIf ªjfª l7d] Ho' tyf
sldl6sf] clhjg ;b:o ªjfª yf]r'g Ho' nfO{ pkl:yt u/fO{ alx/L kl§ /fªUopg] tyf lrq
n]Vg] sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] .

^= af]lw r}Tosf] /fa\Go hLjGof; .

o; af]lw r}To k"0f{?kdf agfO{ ;s]kl5 /fa\Go -hLjGof;_ tyf ;fIfft a'4df kl/0ft
u/fpg] sfo{ rflx @)^% r}q @% ut] klxnf] k6s o;} u'Dafsf] ;+/Ifs v]Gkf]
l/Gkf]If] ªjfª jf];]/Ho"sf] k|d'v pkl:yltdf #% hgf nfdfx? Aff6 ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f]
k6s l`ªdf kNo'n pu{]g bf]h{] Iff]lnª u'Dafsf] k|d'v tyf g]kfn af}4 l`ªdf ;+3sf]
cWoIf v]gl/Gkf]If] ;fªUo /fªHo'sf] k|d'v cltlydf ^) hgf nfdfx? pkl:yt u/fO{ @)^
% d+l;/ @& ut] ;DkGg ul/of] . pSt sfo{s|dsf] k|:t'lt o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .

cf]d :jl:t
#@ nIf0f tyf *) cg'Joghgn] o'St ..
;+;l/s k|f0fLx?nfO{ d'lStsf] dfu{df 8f]¥ofpg] ..
dfu{ bz{s eujfg >L uf}td a'4 k|lt k|0ffd ub{5' ..
lqlk6s / tGq ;u/sf] k"hljlwdf bIf ..
Tofu / jf]w ?kL lgd{v 1fgsf] kmnn] ;DkGg ..
efUodfgL lzZox? ;dfj]z ug]{ lsl;dsf] 1fgn] o'St ..
dxf s[kfn' d"nu'?nfO{ ;ljgo k|0ffd ub{5' ..
jf]lw;Tjsf] 1fgn] o'St, ;'q tGqsf] k'hf ljlwdf 1ftf, >4]o u'? b]j, tyf u'Djfsf] k|
ltlglw u/L kNg' ePsf nfdfu'?x? / ljleÌ 7fpFaf6 cleif]ssf] lgldQ pkl:yt x'g' ePsf]
>4fn' eSthgx?df of] d+un
r/0fsf] zAbfx? k'iksdnsf] nx/ em} ck{0f ub}{ k|/fDe u/L c~hnL j4 ub}{ cfhsf]
d"n ljifodf k|:t't ug'{ eGbf klxnf kfFr ;DkÌsf] ljifodf JofVo ug]{ cg'dlt rxfG5' .
k|yd :yfg ;DkÌ o; Zofdf 8'Ë]df k/k'j{sfnsf ljleÌ l;l4k|fKt u'?x?n] kfO{nf
6]Sgf ;kmn tyf cd[t?kL wd{sf] kfnfg ug'{ eO{ sfnGt/df cfsfzlt/ ljlng ePsf h:t
nIf0fo'St :yfg d+undo / rxfg cg';f/sf] z'esfo{ l;l4 x'g] >4f / cf:yfsf] s]Gb| ljGb'
clt /dgLo :yfg x'g .
bf];|f] zf:tf ;DkÌ ;d:t a'4sf] :j?k, u'? kbdf ;+ejsf] b't, ;uf/ ;dfg lk6sx?df af]w
eO{, sd / t]df{ h:tf ;'q tGqsf] ;dfg la:t/ ug'{df ;j{ pQd tyf ;d:t k|f0fLhg x?sf]
lxtdf ;+3if{zLn /xfg' ePsf] k/d k'HogLo >4]o u'?b]j cfh xfdLx? dfemdf k|ToIf
d'xf/ bz{g lbO{/xg' ePsf] 5 .
t];+f] lzio ;Dkg ;Dk"0f{ ;'eflift u|+ysf] lg/k]If ?kdf >j0f dg\g ug'{ ePsf u'Djf k|
d'v u'?x?, To;}u/L ;b\wd{sf] cd[t?kL pkb]znfO{ u|x0f u/L ;'vsf] If0fdf ?dnL
/x]sf] nfdf ;d"x, tyf >4fn' eSthgx? ;fy} ck|ToIf ?kdf wd{sf] ;f/?kL pkb]znfO+{
pkef]u ug]{ e]nf ePsf b]j b]jtf, uGwj{, k|]t / gfu nufot cGo ;f}efUo zfnL k|f0fL
;d'x lzio kl/jf/ x'g .
rf}yf] ;do ;DkGgM :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] dfWodjf6 Ps} ;'qdf
cfa4 u/L laZjhg ;d'bfodf cfKfm\gf ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug{, k/fDk/fut lzIff
k4tLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ug{, j'4 wd{ / ;+3 k|lt cf:yf / >bf a9fpg / Ps csf{df
cfbf/ / ;Tsf/sf] efjgf hfu[t ul/ jf]lw1fg k|lKtsf] lgldt :yfkgf u/]sf] r}To, zfSod'lg
j'4n] jf]lwuofdf j'4Tjf k|fKt ubf{ /fhf ljlDj;f/ OToflbn] 1fg jf]w ePsf] k|lts
:yfkgf u/]sf] lyof] . oL k"hf c/fwgf ug{ nfos wfld{s cfnDjgdf >4fn' eStx?n]
k'0o ;~ro ug]{ wfld{s cf>o lgjf{0f / wd{sfo{sf] k|lts dxfaf]lw r}To gofF
lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L ha;Dd ;+;f/ /lx/xG5 ta ;Dd o; :t'kdf a'4sf] k|ltlglw eP/
lj/fhdfg x'g'xf]; jx'hg lxt / ;'vsf] nflu tyf b]j dg'iosf] k|of]hgsf nflu oxL
lj/fhdfg /xfg'xf]; / nf]ssf] sNof0f ug'{xf];\ egL ul/g] hLjGof; tyf k|lti7fgsf]
cj;/df / e"ld k'/if d';f aif{ tyf k'l0f{dfsf] z'Sn kIf h:tf k'0o ltly ;kGg ePsf] ul/do
If0fdf,
kfrf} wd{ ;DkGg k|yd a'4 ;dGteb|, ;+ef]usfo ah|;Tj, cflb k~r a'4, lgdf{0fsfo k|
x]ah| -u/fa bf]h]{_, cfrfo{ Hod\kn Zo]]~o]g, u'? >L–l;+x+, clbaf6 s|dz
k/fDk/fut ?kdf cfudg ePsf] / laif]z lxdfno If]qsf] ef]6 cGwsf/ k|b]zdf bf];|f] j'4
kbd ;+efjn] ;d:t bgfjx?nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L v]Gkf] zfGt /lIft / wd{/fh ;|f]ªr]gsf]
s[kfn] lzio ;d"xaf6 cg'e'lt u/L km}lnPsf] u'xo tGqsf] zf;g, Ps} hgddf j'4Tj k|fKt
ug]{ wd{sf] ;f/?kL pkb]z, u'? nf]ªIf]gksf] lrQ lglw nf]ªIf]g l~fªyLs gfdn]] k|l;4
u0frq wd{ ;DkGg x'g\ .
dfly pNn]lvt kfFr ;DkGg JofVo ;dfKt eO{ bf];|f] d08n ck{0f ug]{ s|ddf k'0ox?
dWo]sf ;a{>]i7 / nfebos u'? k|lt d08n rbfpg] lalw xf] . u'? lqsfnsf ;a} a'4x?
;dfj]z ePsf] PsLs[t ?k, cyf{t a'4sf] sfo{ jfs lrQsf] :jefj tyf ;a} /Tg ;+u|x u/]sf],
slno'usf] k|f0fLx?nfO{ cg'u|x0f ug]{ s?0ff / s[kfsf] x}l;otn] u'?sf] tTsnLg
sfo{x? ;fdfGo dflg; ;dfg b]v] klg oyfy{df a'4 g} ePsf]n] c6n >4f / ljZjf;n] ;Tsf/
u/]df Tofu / jf]wsf] u'0fx? lzio ;d"xdf ;~rf/ x'g] ePsf]n] u'?sf] s[kfnfO{ :df/0f
ug{ k'hf ;Tsf/sf] k+|lts d08nsf] ljifodf ;+If]kdf atfpg rxfG5' . k'0o ;~rosf] lgldQ
ck{0f ug]{ d08nsf] j:t' rflxF cfkm\gf] Ifdtf ;+u cg's'n x'g] ul/ pQd ;'g rfFbLsf]
d08n, dWod sfF;f] h:tf z'4 j:t' clGtd sf7 OToflb ck{0f ug'{ kb{5 . To;df rbfpg]
a:t' klg dl0f d'uf, df]tL cflb /Tgx? dWod 4f/f ljleGg kmn tyf cf}iflwx?, clGtd
rfdfn, ux'F, ds} cflb cGgsf] u]8fx? z'4 efjgfn] ck{0f ug]{, To;kl5 lqsfo d08nx?
k/fDk/f cg';f/ rf/ lbk ;'d]? kj{t b]jnf]s ;d]t clrGTo nf]s Bft'x?df b]j dg'iox?sf]
pQd b|Aox?, ;Kt /Tg cflb z'4 ejgfn] lnP/ rbfpg' kb{5 . Tolt dfq geO{ cfkm\gf
z/L/ ;Dklt / tLg sfndf ;fFr]sf] s'zn k'0ox? / z'vsf] j:t'x? u'? lgdf{0fsfosf]
b]ju0fnfO{ ck{0f ug]{ lgdf{0f sfosf] d08n elgG5 . To;kl5 kfFr dxf Jo'xsf]
If]qdf cl;d e'jg / d08n nf:o cflb+ k~r sdu'0fsf] c;+Vof b]aLn] cn+s[t k/]sf] dgn]
efjgf ul/ ;+ef]u sfosf] b]ju0fnfO{ r9fpg' ;+ef]usfosf] d08n xf] . To;} ul/
wd{ wft'sf] d08n d'nw/sf ?kdf /v]/ rf/ cef; cflb sNklgs ;d"x k+|s6 ePsf] ;a}
;hfO{ u'? wd{sfosf] b]ju0fnfO{ r9fpg] rflx ljlzi6 wd{sfo d08n xf] .
tL d08nx? z'4 efjgfn] slNkt k|ToIf ckf/ k'hf ;d"xsf] ljifodf atfpg rxfG5' . tLg k|
sf/sf] s[kfn] o'St ct'nlgo u'? dxf si6 / clt Jof:ttfsf] jfjh'b o; If]qdf pkl:yt x'g'
eO{ o; aif{ :yfkgf ePsf] dxf af]lw r}Tosf] lhjGof; >4fn' eSthgx?nfO{ lb3f{o'
cleif]s tyf -7f]d gu\df]_ jh| sf|]wL sfnL sf] cleif]s k|fKt ug]{ ;'gf}nf] cj;/ k|bfg
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o'Qm vftfn] ;hfO{ lqsfosf] d08n ck{0f ub{5' . t;y{ o;sf] k'0on] o; nf]sdf
lxt / ;'vsf] Ps dfq pkfo, rf}yf]+ zSo d'lg a'4sf] pkb]z / ljz]if ul/ 5 u'0fn] o'Qmf
k|frLg l`ªdf ;Dk|bfosf] zf;g Ps} hGddf a'4Tj k|fKt ug]{ ah|ofgsf] pkb]zx?
ljZjel/ km}lnP/ l:y/ /x"g\ . wd{ zf;gsf] zf;gw/ k/d k'HogLo u'? Hof6fn
l/Gkf]If] k/d k'HogLo u'? k]df gf]j'{ l/Gkf]If], k/d k'HogLo u'? 7'n\zLu
l/Gkf]5], k/d k'HogLo u'? tSn'ª r]6'n l/Gkf]5] nufPt zf;gw/ k/d >4]o u'?x? ;of}F
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zflGt k|fKt u?g\, laz]if u/L wd{o'St :jb]zdf rlncPsf] xTof, lx+;f,c;dGt, jfwf
ljWg clb af6 d'St eO{ ;'v zflGt / wd{df k|j]z ul/ ;'vsf] If0fnfO{ pkef]u u?g\ .
nfdf ;d"xdf Ps ckf;df :g]x k"0f{ / zLn e+u geO{ ;'q tGqsf] cWoog / cEof;df
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9f]Sg], k"hf ck{0f ug]{ cn+s[t kg]{, ljho Wjhf r9fpg] pkf;sx?sf] cNksflns
sfo{x? k'/f eO{ l43{fo', lg/f]uL, k'0o, j}efj, ;f}efUo / uf}/j clb z'e ;DkGg / z'v
zflGt ;a} z'Sn kIfsf] rGb|df ´} pQ/f]Q/ a[l4 eO{ k"0f{ xf];\ .
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af]lw r}To lgdf{0fdf yk ;xof]u ug{] bftfx? .

!= ªfjf lkmGh' z]kf{ nfdf ?= %),))).
@= lha l5l/ª nfdf ?= @),))).
#= cfgL k]df z]kf{ ?= !),))). / Ps tf]nf ;'g .
$= lsNvf]/ lbª nfdf rf]08'af6 ? @)))÷
%= ldªdf Nxfdf] z]kf{ ?= !),))).
^= 8f]df z]kf{ ?= @))).
&= bfgf]a{' ?= !))).
*= ;dt]g Iff]lnª u'Daf af6 k|1gkf/ldtsf] ;'q !^ 7]nL,
(= v]Gkf] ªjfª jf];]/ af6 a'4sf] d'tL{ b'O{ yfg, cjnf]s]Zj/sf] d'tL{ ! j6f,
!)=v]Gkf] ªjfª y]uIff]u af6 nf]ªIf]gkfsf] ;Ktsf]if
!!=nf]k]g ªjfª rf]08'af6 sUo"/sf] ;f}tfGqLs of]urf/,
!@=;f]gfd z]kf{ af6 aGb'[s ! j6f / ? %))÷–
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ug'{ ePsf] 5 .