1. What are the concepts of Artist's Media?

Medium refers to the materials which are used by an artist

Technique is the manner in which the artist controls the medium to achieve
the desire effect.
Combined arts are those mediums can be both seen and heard,and these
exist in both space and time
Painting is the art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface bu the use
of pigments
Architecture is the art of designing and constructing a structure
Sculpture is the construction of a figure or by putting together module
segments of the material to form a figure.
1. What are the medium and technique of arts?
Medium comes from the Latin word medium which denotes the meaning by which
an artist communicates his ideas.These are the materials which are used by an
artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts.
Arts are primarily classified as visual and auditory,

Visual arts are those whose mediums can be seen and which occupy space.
(Two Dimensional which are painting,drawing,and photography while Three
Dimensional arts include sculpture,architecture,landscape,community
planning and etc.)
Auditory arts are those whose mediums can be heard and which are
expressed in time.

A musician's technique in his ability to make music sound the way he wants it. On
the other hand,a sculptor's technique is his way of handling chisel and hammer to
produce the desired effect. A pianist's technique is his way of handling the
instrument and interpreting a musical composition.
3. What are the medium of visual arts?
Painting- is the art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of
pigments.
Watercolor- is difficult to handle because it is difficult to produce warm and rich
tones but it invites brilliance and a variety of hues.
Fresco- is a painting on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in water or a
limewater mixture.
Tempera paints- are mineral pigments mixed with eggyolk or egg white and ore.
Pastel- is a stick of drien paste made of pigment round with chalk and compounded
with gum water.

Encaustic- is one of the early mediums used by the Egyptians for the painted
portrait on mummy cases.
Oil- is one of the most expensive art activities today because of the prohibitive cost
of materials.It is the heaviest of painting media.
Acrylic-is used popularly by contemporary painters because of the transaprency
and quick drying characteristics of watercolor and the flexibility of oil combined.
Mosaic- is a picture or decoration made of small pieces of inlaid colored stones or
glass called"tesserae" which most often are cut into squares glue on a surface with
plaster or cement.
Stained Glass- is common in Gothic cathedrals and churches. This is made by
combining many small pieces of colored glass which are held together by bands of
lead.
Tapestry- is a fabric consisting of a warp upon which colored threads are woven by
hand
to produce a design, often pictorials, wall hangings and furniture covering.
Drawing- is usually done on paper using pencil, pen and ink, or charcoal. It is the
most fundamental of all skills necessary in arts.
Bistre- is a brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood and often used in pen
and wash drawings.
Crayons- are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks used for
drawing especially among children in the elementary grades.
Charcoal- These are carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other
organic substances in te absence of oxygen.
Silverpoint- the artist has technique of drawing with silver stylus on specially
prepared paper to produce a thin grayish line that was popular during Renaissance
period.
Sculpture
Stone-is a hard and brittle substance formed from mineral and earth material.
Fade- is a fine,colorful stone, usually green, and used widely in Ancient China.
Metals-include any class of elementary substances such as gold,silver,or copper all
of which are crystalline when solid and many of which are characterized by
capacity,ductility,conductivity, and peculiar luster when freshly fractured.

Bronze- is one of the oldest alloys of metal composing chiefly of copper and tin
with color and is one of the most universally popular metals for sculpture.
Brass- an alloy of copper and zinc, is not popularly used by artists because of its
limitations as a medium.
Copper- which has a peculiar brilliance, is used as a costing medium. This is
basically shaped by hammering.
Lead- a bluish gray metal,flexible,and permanent material, is used for casting and
forging.
Clay-is a natural earthy material that has the nature of plasticity when
wet,consisting essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum used for making bricks
and ceramics.
Architecture is an art. In its strictest meaning, it is an art of designing a building
and supervising its constructing.
4.What are the factors in the choice and use of architectural materials?
1.structural property-workability with tools when used as construction materials

compressive strength
tensile
porosity
lightness
durability
rigidity
gracefulness
flexibility of use

2.physical property- aesthetic use of the material for beauty

texture
tonal quality
color

3.weakness of the material

rotting
corrosion due to moisture
susceptibility to infection by "bukbok",termites and other pests
discolorization
solar radiation
fungus growth

4.longevity of the material-lifespan of the material

10 yrs
20 yrs
half a century
more than s century

5.other inherent properties

weight

water resistance

heat resistance

acoustic value

6.others(non inherent properties)

availability
economy

5.What are the classifications of architectural materials?

the materials of nature(direct product of nature)

Stone is one of the oldest and perhaps the most permanent material
Lime Stones has a fine even texture and its color range from a light
cream to a buf from a light gray to a darker,bluish gray.
Granite is a coarse-grained stone and useful for large,bold forms with
little carving.
Marble is type of limestone sufficiently close in texture to admit of
being polished.
Sandstone- consists of various colors from white to different tints of
red,brown,blue or gray.

o
o

Wood-is not a permanent material but with proper care ,it will last for a
century. It is the common building material before the 90's.
materials manufactured or made by man
Ceramic Materials can be manufactured in different ways such as clay and
glass
Metal are objects of iron and other metals that were cast in form

Bronze wherein its permanency and beauty are very prominents in

architectural features.
Wrought iron is elastic and fibrous and is worked upon the anvil while it's hot
or cooling.
Copper is ductile and is adaptable foe cornices,spandrels and roofing.
Chrome-nickel steel is hard,non corrosive metal which can lend itself to
welding,stamping, and forging.
Aluminum is a white metal and noted for its lightness.
Monel Metal is a mixture of nickel and copper with an addition of iron,silica,
and manganese giving a surface resembling that of a nickel.
Nickel Silvers is characterized as soft and has dull textures and combines well
with marble and wood for stylistic types of architecture.
o
o

Concrete Material are more and more dominant in architectural building

materials in design today because of their durability availability etc.
Plastics open up new architectural form and designs in the field of
architecture.
indigenous materials are found in the locality and are widely used for
sculpture and architecture.

6.What are the mediums of the performing arts?

Music is art and culture reflected in art.
Vocal Music is the oldest and natural form of music.
Correct Posture- standing correctly allows the air n the diff. body cavities to
vibrate and flow fully.
Correct breathing- quality and volume of the voice depends upon breathing.
Correct placement of the voice- to develop good tone quality and never force
to prevent throating singing.
Correct diction- diction has nothing to do with the air vibration but it is
important singing utterance.
Correct interpretation- interpret the song properly, the vocalist should make
the message clear as it is sung.
7.What are the diff. musical instruments?

Musical instruments have always been a source of wonder to both the player and
listener. Musical instruments are of three main types:

Instruments which are bowed

Instruments which are blown
Instruments which are struck

4 groupings:
Brasses because they are usually made of brass
Woodwinds because they originally made of wood.
Modern Flute and Piccolo that are almost made of metal.
Struck which are called percussion instruments.
8.What are the properties of musical sound?
Pitch is the highness or lowness of a tone in a musical scale.
Duration is the property of sound that depends on the length f time over which
vibration is maintained.
Volume refers to force or percussive effects as a result of which the tone strikes us
as being loud or soft.Forte means loud and piano means soft.
Timbre or tone color is the individual quality of the sound produced by other
instruments.
9.What is literature?
Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material.
Derived from the Latin literatura meaning "writing formed with letters," literature
most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry,
drama, fiction, nonfiction, journalism, and in some instances, song.
10.Methods of art production and presentation
Realism is the attempt to portray the subject as it is.
Abstraction is used when the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene
or a situation that he does not show the subject at all as an objective reality but
only his idea or his feeling about it.
Symbolism is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or a quality.
Fauvism was the first important art movement in 19000'
Dadaism a protest movement in the arts was formed in 1916 by a group of artists in
Zurich, Switzerland.
Futurism is developed in Italy about the same time cubism appeared in France.
Surrealism is a movement in art and literature was founded in Paris in 1914 by the
French poet Andre Breton.

Expressionism was introduced in Germany during the first decade of the twentieth
century. Its influence was felt by the European artists from 1910 up to the present.