Art App Midterm Lesson 1

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ART APP MIDTERM LESSON

THE SUBJECT AND MEDIUM OF ART


SUBJECT ART
•In any form- painting, music, sculpture, architecture, or dance – there is always a subject that serves as the foundation of the creation of the work
of art.
•Subject of art is usually anything that is represented in the artwork. It is varied – it may be a person, object, scene, or event.
Sources of Subjects
• Artwork * Autobiographies * Film of the artist *interviews *Diaries *Speeches
• Letters * Photographs * Documents * Nature *History * Mythology
• Christian tradition * Sacred oriental text * Others not mentioned above.
Types of Subjects:
1. Representational or Objective Arts – artworks that depict something easily recognized by most people.
2. Non-representational or non- objective arts – artworks that have no resemblance to any real subject, they do not represent anything, and
they are what they are.
• Also known as complete abstractionism. Do non-representational art and abstractionism are completely the same art styles?
3. Non-representational vs. Abstract
• When an artist works in abstraction, they are distorting the view of a known thing, person, or place.
• Non-representational art does not begin with a "thing" or a subject.
• Non-representational art is "nothing “, from what the artist intended it to be and what the viewer interprets it as.
Content in Art
• Refers to the meaning or significance, and/or feeling imparted by a work of art.
Medium of visual arts
• Materials that are being used by an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. On the basic of medium, the arts are primarily classified as
visual and auditory. Visual arts are those mediums can be seen and which occupy space.
Visual arts
• These are grouped into two classes: (1) the dimensional or two-dimensional arts which include painting, drawing, printmaking, and
photography and (2) the three-dimensional arts which include sculpture, architecture, landscape, community, planning, industrial designs
and crafts like ceramics and furniture.
Painting
• Art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of pigments. Different mediums are used in painting, each medium exerts
pronounced effect on the finished product.
Watercolor
• Watercolor is difficult to handle because producing warm and rich tones using this medium proves to be challenge. On the contrary,
watercolor pigments invite brilliance and a variety of hues.
Fresco
• A painting method done on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in water or a limewater mixture. It must be done quickly because it is
an exacting medium – the moment the paint is applied to the surface, the color dry into the plaster and the painting becomes an integral
part of the wall.
Tempera
• Tempera paints are mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk or egg white and ore. The egg-based emulsion binds the pigments to the surface.
Tempera is characterized by its film-forming properties and rapid drying rate.
Pastel
• A stick of dried paste made of pigment ground with chalk compounded with gum water. Very flexible medium whose colors are luminous.
In spite of the richness and varied effects it yields, pastels are less popular than other mediums because it is difficult to preserve the product
and its original state.
Encaustic
• One of the early mediums used by the Egyptians for painting portraits on mummy cases. This is done by applying wax colors fixed with
heat. Painting with wax produces luster and radiance, making subjects appear at their best portraits
Oil
• Oil painting is one of the most expensive art activities today because of the prohibitive cost of materials. It is the heaviest of painting
mediums. In oil painting, pigments are mixed with linseed oil and applied to the canvas. One good quality of oil painting is its flexibility.
The artist may use a brush, palette knife, or even his bare hands when applying paint on his canvas.
Acrylic
• A medium used popularly by contemporary painters because of the transparency and quick-drying characteristics of watercolor and the
flexibility of oil combined. Acrylic paints do not tend to break easily unlike oil paints which turn yellowish or darker over a period of time.
Mosaic
• The art of putting together small pieces of colored stones of glass called tesserae to create an image. The tesserae are most often cut into
squares and glued on the surface with plaster or cement. Even though it is classified as painting, the medium is not strictly out of pigments.
Stained Glass
• An artwork common in Gothic cathedrals and churches. It is made by combining small pieces of colored glass, held together by bands of
lead. It is also a kind of patchwork.
Tapestry
• It is a fabric produced by hand-weaving-colored threads upon a warp. The woven designs often end up as pictorials, wall hangings, and
furniture covering.
Drawing
• It is usually done on paper using pencil, pen, and ink, or charcoal. The most fundamental of all skills necessary in arts. Drawing has always
been considered as a very good training for artists because it makes one concentrate on the use of line. Shadings can also be used to make
drawings more life-like and realistic.
Pencil, Pen and Ink, and Charcoal * Drawing can be done with different kinds if mediums, the most common of which is pencil.
Granite
• Granite is a granular igneous rock composed of feldspar and quartz, usually combined with other minerals. This medium is quite difficult to
chisel It is good for large works with only few designs. The Egyptian sculptures of Pharaohs were mostly done in granite.
Jade
• A fine stone usually colored green, and used widely in Ancient China. Highly esteemed as an ornamental stone for carving and fashion
jewelry.
Ivory
• Which comes from the main parts of tusks of elephants, it the hard-white substance used to make carvings and billiard balls.
Metals * These include any of a class of elementary substance such as gold, silver, or copper, all of which are crystalline when solid and many of
which are characterized by capacity, ductility, conductivity, and peculiar luster when freshly fractured.
1. Bronze – one of the oldest alloy of the metals composed chiefly of copper and tin with color.
2. Brass – an alloy of copper and zinc, is not popularly used by contemporary artists because of its limitations as a medium.
3. Gold and Silver – used as casting materials for small objects like medals, coins, and pieces of jewelry. They are quite expensive; they can
be used as personal accessories or for religious adornments.
Plaster
• This composed of lime, sand, and water. It worked on an armature of metal wires and rods in addition to various materials and fibers. It
is being applied on walls and ceilings and allowed to harden and dry. This is used extensively in making manikins, models, architectural
decorations and other indoor sculpture.
Clay
• Natural earthy material that is plastic when wet. Consists essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum and is used for making bricks and
ceramics. It is generally fragile so it becomes necessary to cast it in another durable material.
Glass
• A medium that is hard, brittle, non-crystalline, more or less transparent substance produced by fusion, usually consisting of mutually
dissolved silica and silicates and contains of soda and lime.
Crayons
• Crayons are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks used for drawing. It is especially popular among children in the
elementary grades.
Sculpture
• In choosing a subject for sculpture, the most important thing to consider is the material. The materials available for sculpture are limitless.
Each material presents a challenge of the sculptor’s creativity.
Stone
• Stone is hard and brittle substance formed from the minerals and earth material. The finished product is granular and dull appearance.
Wood
• Wood as a medium is easier to carve than any other mediums available because it can be subjected into a variety of treatment. It is lighter
and softer to carve despite having greater tensile strength than stone; hence, it can be used in long pieces without breaking.
Architecture
• The strictest of all art medium. It is an art connected to building design/construction. It may also be regarded as the procedure assisted
with the conception of an idea and its realization in terms of building materials.
• Materials in architecture are classified into three: (1) the material found in nature (direct product of nature); (2) materials manufactured or
made by man; and (3) indigenous materials.
Materials in Nature
• Stone
1. Limestone – this type of stone has a fine and even texture. Its color ranges from light cream to a buff and from a light gray to a darker,
bluish gray.
2. Granite – this is a coarse-grained stone useful for large, bold forms with little carving. It is the hardest and the most durable of the types of
stones.
3. Marble – this is metamorphosed limestone which is capable of taking a polish.
4. Sandstone – it consists of various colors from white to different tints of red, brown, blue, or gray.
• Wood
THE MEDIUM OF AUDITORY ARTS
Auditory Arts
• Auditory arts are those whose medium can be heard and which are expressed in time. The medium of auditory arts is.
1. Motion pictures, film, or movies
2. Theatre (a place for viewing)
3. Television or TV for short
Artist vs. Artisan
• Artist – are creators of tangible or intangible products as expression of creativity and imagination for purely aesthetic reason
• Artisan – makers of the product or crafts, not only for aesthetic value, and decorative purposes but for practical value, such as for business
purposes
Art Collector vs. Art Buyer
• Art Collector - Art collectors must have good relationship with their artists. Some collectors are duty-bound to collect pieces of art work for
display in art institution; they must get the trust and confidence of Artists. Artists like to find collectors that truly believe in their work of
art.
• Art Buyer -He must be well-versed in all type of art techniques and development process. Keep up to date on the art theory and art
criticism Knowledgeable in evaluation the quality and worth of a piece of art.

Elements of Visual Arts


Elements in Visual Arts
• Line * Color * Texture * Perspective * Space * Form *Volume * Light * Shadow
Line
• Line is an important element at the disposal of every artist Through the lines, as in painting or sculpture, the artist represents figures and
forms Lines always have direction. They are always moving
Kinds of Lines
1. Horizontal line – are lines of repose and serenity. They express the idea of calmness and quiescence Lines that are found in reclining
persons, in landscape, calm bodies of water, and distant meeting of the earth and sky in what is commonly called horizon.
2. Vertical Line – are lines that denote action. They suggest poise, balance, force, aspiration, exaltation, and dynamism. Vertical lines also
tend to express as well as arouse emotions of exaltation and inquietude; this is evident in monumental architecture.
3. Diagonal Lines – suggest action, life and movement. They give animation to any composition in which they appear. Almost every object in
action assumes a diagonal line.
4. Curved Lines – suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability movement, flexibility, joyousness and grace. They are NEVER harsh or stern
since they are formed by gradual change in direction. These lines exemplified in the woman’s body.
5. Crooked or jagged lines - express energy, violence, conflict, struggle. Lines may also be classified into three groups: lines which follow or
repeat one another, lines which contrast with one another, and transitional lines which modify or soften the effect of others.
Color - Of all the element of visual arts, color has the most aesthetic appeal. Delight in color is universal human characteristic. Color is a property
of light. When light goes out, color goes with it. Color has three dimensions or attributes: hue, value, and intensity.
Hue
• Is the dimension of color that gives color its name. When we say, the flower is yellow, we’re naming its hue. Primary hues: Blue, Red,
Yellow Secondary hues came from the mixture of primary hues. Orange, Green, Violet.
• Colors may either be warm or cool. Red, orange and yellow are warm hues. They are commonly associated with objects like the sun, fire,
and other sources of heat. They tend to impart warmth to any composition in which they are used. They are conspicuous, cheerful,
stimulating, vivacious, joyous, and exciting Cool colors are those where blue predominates like, blue-green, blue, and blue-violet. They
cause surfaces covered with them to appear or recede. They suggest distance. They are calm sober, restful, and inconspicuous.
Red – the color of fire and blood, is the warmest and most vigorous, and most exciting of the colors. It stands for passion and energy.
Yellow – the color of light, the most brilliant, cheerful, and exultant of the colors. It suggests cheerfulness, magnificence, life, and splendor. It
serves to balance the warm colors like red and orange.
Green – the color of vegetation and symbolizes life and freshness.
Violet – represents shadows and mysteries
Black – despair, death, and pain
Orange – suggests deliciousness and warmth.
Blue – the color of the sky and of the deep and still water. The coolest and the most tranquil of the colors. Arouses the feelings of peace and
quietness.
Value - It is sometimes called CHIAROSCURO, refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. They give the expression of depth and solidity and lend
form to paintings. Understanding of values will help the artist use colors to the best advantage.
• TINTS – value above the normal
• SHADES – value below the normal
Intensity
• Another dimension of color, refers to its brightness or darkness. It gives color strength, “Color plays and important role in the works of
artists. Painters use one color to balance and enrich the other to awaken the emotional responses of the viewer.”
Texture
• Element of art that deals more directly with the sense of touch. It has to do with the characteristic of surfaces which can be rough or
smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular. (Paintings, sculpture, and architecture)
Perspective
• Deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye judges' spatial relationship. It enables us to
perceive distance and to see the position of objects in space.
Space - In painting, as in architecture, space is for great importance. The exterior of building is seen as it appears in space, while
Form
• Applies to the overall design of a work of art. Describes the structure of a shape of an object. It consists of size and volume; it signifies
visual weight.
Elements of Auditory Arts
1. Poetic devices such as: * Rhythm * Image * Metaphor
2. Properties of musical sound such as: * Pitch * Duration * Volume * Timbre
Graffiti
• Writings or drawings which have been scribbled, scratches or painted on walls or other surface materials, often within public view. Existed
since ancient times dating back to Ancient Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire. In contemporary society, spray paint and marker pens are
usually used as graffiti materials. Graffiti do not only express stylistic and artistic expression, but socio-political messages.
Poetry-performance - Is specifically composed for or during a performance during an audience. In the 1980s, poetry performed was very popular
to describe poetry written or composed for performance rather than print distribution, mostly open to improvisation.
Digital Art
• This art introduces the digital artists to the world of possibilities for putting their artistic and creative skills to work online in any number of
fields. Includes 3D computer modelling, PowerPoint presentations, web design, film, video and film making.
PRINCIPLE OF ART AND DESIGN
1. Harmony – the principle which produces an impression of unity through the selection and arrangement of consistent objects or ideas.
• Harmony of lines and shapes – lines are made harmonious by either repeating the shape of the lines or by connecting transitional lines to
contrasting lines.
• Harmony of size – refers to good proportions
• Harmony of color – creating harmony of color means using two or more colors in decorating an article or object.
• Harmony of texture – the character of texture can be determined by feeling the object with the fingertips or by looking at it.
• Harmony of idea – combining antique and modern furniture in the same room does not show harmony of idea
2. Rhythm – in design, it is the regular, uniform, or related visual movement made through the repetition of a unit or motif. It is the basis of
almost all performing arts because it is the principle which is most quickly felt. We find rhythm not only in painting and architecture but
also in music, dance and poetry.
3. Balance – is a condition of quality which gives a feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium, or stability.
• Formal or Symmetrical Balance – balance of equal visual weights placed at equal distance from the axis
• Informal or Asymmetrical Balance – balance of unequal visual weights.
4. Proportion – is the art principle which shows pleasing relationship between a whole and its parts and between the parts themselves.
5. Emphasis – the principle of art which tends to carry the eyes from the center of interest or dominant part of any composition to the less
important of subordinate part.
Methods of emphasizing objects
• By arrangement of grouping of objects – if the objects are grouped together, the one to be emphasized should be located at the center and
should be the biggest and brightest in color
• By decoration – objects which have decorations are given more emphasis than those without them.
• By color contrast – contrasting colors such as the complementary combination and the triads are more emphatic than analogous or any
other related harmonies.
6. Movement – the result of using the elements of art that they move the viewer’s eye around and within the image.
7. Pattern – the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination thereof.
8. Unity/Variety – you want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit together comfortably. Too much unity creates
monotony, too much variety creates chaos. You need both!!!
9. Novelty of Newness – a new style of dress appears more attractive and interesting than ordinary design. Novelty provides the best
opportunity for developing one’s creative ability
10. Utility, Adaptability or Function – a work of art must not only possess beauty but also utility. The object must be adaptable to the purpose
for which it is made. This is especially true to all practical arts. In designing modern structures, function is now the first consideration.
11. Contrast – it is synonymous to opposition or contradiction. It has some relationships with balance and emphasis. Two contrasting lines or
colors may balance each other. The center of interest in a composition is in contrast with subordinating parts in the same composition.
Nature provides many examples of contrasting objects. For instance, the color of flowers contrasts the color of leaves.

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