Bashue Edited Forensic Science and Criminology Middle School

Case Files: #7031z
What is Forensic Science and Criminology?

What do Forensic Scientist do?
Forensic Science --- involves the law enforcement system
providing evidence in courts, trials, and criminal investigations
What disciplines of science do Forensic Scientist

Use?
All Disciplines! Drawing from Biology and Chemistry mostly,
it also utilizes physics, geology, entomology, etc.
What is the difference between Criminology and

Forensic Science?
Unlike Forensic Science, Criminology is a sub-field of
sociology.
The Facts
Estranged TV personalitys seventeen year old
daughter, Dawn, kidnapped
Parents separated, mother, Joan, now remarried
Step-father, Peter, struggling Entrepreneur
Phone call placed next morning 7:30 am by
step-father who claims to have been rendered
helpless from an attacker who maced him and
then knocked him out. He claims to have been
running towards screams coming from Dawns
room
Dawns boyfriend, Josh, and best friend, Kira,
last to see her
Mother was out of town and arrived to find the

police early this morning
Joan, Dawns Mother
Peter, Dawns Step-Father
Motive: None, no probable

means observed merely routine
Motive: Needed money to start

many business adventures
Alibi doesnt check (wasn't out

of town/cant confirm)
Just recently married to Joan

No alibi
Josh, Dawns Boyfriend

Motive: Scholarship to Vanderbilt
fell through, and parents cant
afford to pay for college
No Alibi
Kira, Dawns Best Friend

Motive: No Motives found
No Alibi
Ransom
Note found
inside
envelope
Dawns Blood
found on Ransom
Note in envelope
Fingerprints
found on
window
Different Blood
also found on
shirt
Fingerprints
o Fingerprint are unique to all
individuals, even identical
twins
o Fingerprints form before a
baby is born (during 13th
week of pregnancy)
Fingerprints
o Fingerprint patterns are
not formed at the surface
of the skin
o Is it true that people can
alter their fingerprints? No!
o Remain unchanged, unless
scarred, burned, or
surgically altered
Fingerprints
Three Major Groups of
Fingerprints
LOOP
60% to 65%
WHORL
30% to 35%
ARCH
5%
Fingerprint Analysis Methods

Three Major Methods:
1. Super Glue Fuming
2. Fluorescent Dyes
3. Dusting with Powder
Fingerprint Analysis
Fingerprint Analysis
Left Slant Loop

Central Pocket Loop Whorl
Suspects Print
Dawns Print
Two Different Prints Found.

Suspects Print not found in the
Police or Federal databases.
Four Blood Types
Antigens vs. Antibodies
A
A
A
A
Blood Group Inheritance
AB
AB
BO
AO
BB
BO
What could be the Blood Type of the fourth child?

Can any of the children be Blood Type O? No!
Blood Group Inheritance
BO
AO
AO
BO
OO
AB
What could be the Blood Type of the fourth child?

Why do we see Blood Type O here? Because both parents carry
the recessive O trait.
Analysis of Blood
Coagulant Tests
Dawns Blood Type: AO
Suspects Blood Type:
Suspects Blood
on Shirt:
Peter: AB
Joan: AO
Josh: AB
Kira: OO
AB
Suspects
Blood on
Shirt:
Dawns Blood found on
Ransom Note only:
AO
TWO Different Blood Types

FOUND
AB
Human Genetic Material

DNA
o What is the shape of DNA?
o What are the four base pairs of

DNA?
o What type of bonds are formed

between each base pair?
o What is the charge of DNA?
The DNA Central Dogma

(Noncoding)
(Coding)
Introns (noncoding) is the portion

of the human genome which
forensic scientist use to test the
differences between individuals
DNA Extrapolation
o Body fluids, such as blood and saliva, are commonly used in forensic
investigations as a source of cells for DNA extraction and analysis.
At the crime scene: Via Amylase Testing forensic investigators
found Saliva on the Envelope that
contained the ransom note
o Saliva contains DNA due to:
Epithelial cells that exfoliate from

the inner lining of the mouth
DNA can then be extracted from
the cells and then tested for a
match via gel electrophoresis.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

o Matrix of agarose gel acts like a
molecular filter
o Separate DNA fragments
according to their size and their
charge
o Bands migrate from negative to

positive pole
o The bands can be seen under the
UV light.

If DNA is colorless, how can we see where its located on the gel?
Green loading dye is added to the sample allowing you to
monitor the migration of the DNA fragments
Ethidium Bromide binds

DNA with high affinity
Inserts itself in between nitrogenous bases
DNA Analysis
1
20K
10K
2
2
3
3
4
4
Lanes: 1- Kidnapper
2- Suspect Joan
3- Suspect Peter
5K
4- Suspect Josh
5- Suspect Kira
2K
1K
700
Do any Suspect Lanes Match

Lane 1?
400
300
150
1
Yes, Lanes 1 and 4 match!
Final Report
Both
Josh
and Dawn
admitted
to a
Josh
lost his
scholarship
completely,
and only served
Dawn and Josh are facing conspiracy charges (1-10 yrs), obstruction of justice
minimum
sentence to
of 5community
service after
the
toDawns
get
(finecollaborating
up to $10K and upon
yrs inkidnapping
jail), theft by extortion
(life/death),
parents,
Joan and
decided
press(misdemeanor
charges
tampering
with evidence
(1 toPeter
10 yrs.
In jail), not
and to
battery
-up to
money
for
Joshs
Vanderbilt
schooling
fully. Dawn
the- same
12 yrsreceived
in jail/$300
$1K insentence.
fines).
after losing his scholarship.

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Case Files: #7031z

What is Forensic Science and Criminology?

What disciplines of science do Forensic Scientist

What is the difference between Criminology and

Mother was out of town and arrived to find the

Joan, Dawns Mother

Peter, Dawns Step-Father

Motive: None, no probable

Motive: Needed money to start

Alibi doesnt check (wasn't out

Just recently married to Joan

Josh, Dawns Boyfriend

Kira, Dawns Best Friend

Fingerprint Analysis Methods

Left Slant Loop

Two Different Prints Found.

Four Blood Types

Antigens vs. Antibodies

Blood Group Inheritance

What could be the Blood Type of the fourth child?

Blood Group Inheritance

What could be the Blood Type of the fourth child?

Suspects Blood Type:

TWO Different Blood Types

Human Genetic Material

o What are the four base pairs of

o What type of bonds are formed

o What is the charge of DNA?

The DNA Central Dogma

Introns (noncoding) is the portion

Epithelial cells that exfoliate from

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

o Bands migrate from negative to

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Ethidium Bromide binds

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Do any Suspect Lanes Match

Yes, Lanes 1 and 4 match!

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