Name

: Iman Hilmansyah

Student ID

: 1402203

Subject

: EFL Methodology

Date

: 14th October, 2014

How to Plan a Lesson Plan

Teacher who teach the foreign language in the classroom they
will need scenario to make them stay in the line that they was
prepared in order to reach the teaching and learning process
objectives. To make this happened teacher need lesson plan. Lesson
plan is a guide for the teacher to deliver the materials, the method
will be applied, the activity, and the assessment.
Lesson plan format
The first thing that has to be appear in the lesson plan is goal, here,
teacher should be able to identify an overall purpose or goal that you
will attempt to accomplish by the end of the class period.
The second the lesson plan should have objectives, in this field there
is explaination about what teacher want students to gain from the
lesson. Objectives are most clearly captured in terms of stating what
students will do. In stating objectives, distinguish between terminal
and enabling objectives. In the objectives there are two things,
terminal lesson objectives and enabling objectives.
The third are materials and equipment, teacher heve to put the
planning about material that will be delivered to the students. Beside
that teacher also have to think about how to deliver the material to
the students.

The forth is procedures, here, the procedures can be meant as a very

general set of guidelines for planning, you might think in terms of
making sure your plan includes: opening(brain storming and make a
bridge between students prior knowledge to the what will they learn),
activities, and closure.
The fifth is evaluation, evaluation is a part of teaching process that
focus on gathering the information that will be useful not only for the
teacher but for all people that being part of the teaching process.
The purposes of evaluation are to make changes, to innovate, and to
confirm. The things that we can do in evaluation are assessing the
success of your students or making adjustments in your lesson plan
for the next day.
The last thing that appears in the lesson plan is extra class work, it
can be meant as homework or assignment.
Guidelines for lesson planning
In making a lesson plan we will need guideline. The main topics for
the lesson plan are curriculum, goal, objectives, materials, activity,
and procedures to achieve the goal. Beside that there are four
considerations in lesson plan that teachers should look into it such as;
variety techniques, most successful lessons give students a number
of different activities during the class hour, Sequencing of activity or
technique,

lesson

paced

adequately,

and

appropriate

time

in

classroom activity.
But in making lesson plan the re some obstacle; because of that
teacher should be very clear in writing the lesson plan to make the
scenario well planned.

Individual differences also influence in arranging a lesson plan. There

are some steps related to individual differences includes: design
techniques that have easy and difficult aspects or items, solicit
responses to easier items from students who are below the norm and
to harder items from those above norm, try to design techniques that
will be involved all students actively, use judicious selection to assign
members of small groups, use small group and pair work time to
circulate and give extra attention.
In arranging the lesson plan expecially in the activities, teacher must
be careful toward the balance of students participation in the
classroom. Beside that the lesson plan also has to contribute to the
goals that a curriculum is design to persue.

Name

: Iman Hilmansyah

Student ID

: 1402203

Subject

: EFL Methodology

Date

: 14th October, 2014

Managing the classroom

As we know that classroom management is very important factors in
teaching and learning process. They should be aware to the
atmosphere in the class. Besides that, teachers need to pay attention
to their selves when they are in the classroom. There are four things
that have to be considered by teacher in the teaching and learning
process:
First is proximity, explain about teacher position. How close the
teacher to the students. Most students are not comfortable when the
teacher stand or sit close to them, so teacher should consider this
term.
Second, appropriacy is a relationship between teacher and students.
How the teacher should be to create good atmosphere with the
student.

The third is movement, teacher movement give best effect to the

students. The students will be interested to the teacher explanation if
the teacher moves from a spot to other spots.
Last is awareness. Teacher should be aware of what students are
doing, where possible, and what they are feeling. Teacher needs to
pay attention to the students, response the students and listen to the
students.
There are some considerations for the teacher to use the voice in the
management of teaching includes: Audibility which means that
teacher have to make sure that all students can hear the teachers
voice clearly, variety which means that teachers need to vary their
quality voice, conservation which means that teachers need to being
relaxed. The way the teacher talk to the students also becomes a
crucial when teachers give the students instructions. There are two
general rules for giving instructions; teacher must be kept as simple
as possible, and teacher must be logical. When giving instructions, it
is important for teachers to check that the students have understood
what they are being asked to do.
In managing the classroom teacher also have to make the quantity of
student talk and teacher talk balanced. Because the most important
thing in language teaching and learning process is how the student
are able to use the target language so student need talk in the target
language more than the teacher.
Teacher should be able to use the students first language as a tool to
help the teaching and learning process.
The arrangements of chairs also can help the teacher in managing
the classroom. Not every arrangement of chairs are good, as we know

that

every

arrangement

of

chairs

have

advantages

and

disadvantages. Because of that, teacher should be able to choose the

arrangements of chairs depend on the student to help student.
There are four kinds of students arrangements in teaching
learning process. The first is whole class teaching. Whole class
teaching can be dynamic and motivating and, by treating everyone as
part of the same group, we can build a great sense of belonging.
However, whole class group is not very effective to asses individual
skill, because not all students have contribution to class activities.
The second is group work and pair work. We can say that these
methods are cooperative activity, in this term all the students
involved work together to complete a task. Both group work and pair
work give a chance to the students to find out the problem solving by
the discussion. This term help the students to build their confidence.
The third is solo work which is meant that students are allowed to
work at their own, allows them thinking time, and allows them to be
individuals.
The last is class-to-class. This interaction held when there is a survey.
This interaction happened between one classes to another.

Name

: Iman Hilmansyah

Student ID

: 1402203

Subject

: EFL Methodology

Date

: 14th October, 2014

Choosing and Using Material

Textbook is teacher guidance to deliver the material in the teaching
and learning process. A good course book have an appropriate
content for each topics to the syllabus and easy for students to
learned. Teachers have to give a lot of attention to the course book
that will be discussed by them with students. Sometimes, the content
of the course book is not as good as teachers and students need.
There are four alternatives to consider if we decide that part of course
book is not appropriate. First, we might simply decide to omit the

lesson. Second, replace the course book lesson with one of our own.
This consideration give a benefit for teacher, teacher own materials
probably interests students more than the course book. Third,
teachers can give another activity which is related to the material. So
teachers not only use the activity that already on the course book.
Last, teachers adapt what is in the book.
There are three examples of using course book in different way
includes:

adapting and adding (elementary), here teachers do not need

to follow the course book exercise. Teachers can arrange the
activity or the exercise by themselves. The purpose is to make

the learning activities easier for the students.

Secondly, adding (intermediate). Teacher

can

add

the

information that related to the topic or the uncompleted topic

that have to be delivered to the students.

replacing (pre-intermediate). First, teachers could try to make
the text more engaging by having students work in pairs where
one of them plays the role of Burton Holmes and the other is an
interviewer. Next, Teachers could blank out words in the text, or
cut the text up into paragraphs which students have to arrange.
Students could search the internet for further information about
Burton Holmes, or teachers could do a search and come up with
more facts about the man. But, if teachers think that they did
not need to used that kind of text, it could be replace it to the
appropriate text (include the activities) for the students.
Teachers should choose the creative activity to deliver the
materials to the students and make the students easy to get
the point.

When teacher use text book in the classroom when they are in
teaching and learning process, they can replace, erase, or add the
material or exercise as long as the addition is coherence with the
syllabus and the curriculum.
Beside of that, Teachers have to decide what book to use. There
are some considerations for teacher in choosing the course book.
First, analyze the books under consideration to see how they compare
with each other. Write short description of how our ideal course book
would deal with such areas, and then use these descriptions to see
whether the books are looking at match up to them. After that,
teachers need to pilot the books with a class so that teachers can
assess the strengthens and weaknesses of the course book. After
that, teachers need to consult the book. Teachers need to be aware of
their differing teaching situations or competing publisher, author or
methodology loyalties. In the end, let the students to have a look at
the two or three books that considered by the teachers and ask their
opinion on what looks best to them. Actually students opinion can
help the teachers to make final decisions in choosing course book.
In the very end, the is no perfect course books. But we as teacher
have to be selective in choosing the better one that can helped us in
teaching and learning process. So in the end, the teacher can make
the students to acquired their target language.

Name

: Iman Hilmansyah

Student ID

: 1402203

Subject

: EFL Methodology

Date

: 14th October, 2014

Commercial

and

Authentic

Materials:

Advantages

disadvantages and problems teachers face

Who creates the materials available to EFL/ESL teachers?

and

Materials are used in EFL/ESL classroom created by publishing

companies, government agencies, curriculum development teams at
the school level, and classroom teachers. The used is depend on what
kind of teacher are you?
If you are teacher in a private language school, you might be using
commercial materials. If you are teacher in a public school in a
country with centralized education system, it means you might used
materials are produced by a government education agency or
committee. If you teach in several universities, you are teaching with
locally designed materials and texts. If you are among the teachers
who are not completely satisfied with the textbook, you probably
adapt the text or design entire lessons with materials you create
yourself.
Advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of the commercial material includes: saves times,
here the teacher dont need to spent much times in choosing the
materials, because the material is ready to use. The disadvantages of
the commercial materials happened if the teacher cannot be able to
select the text to be used. Texts are usually based on authors or
publishers ideas about teaching. Besides that, another disadvantages
is the commercial books write for student who have different
environment. So it would be a problem for the students in learning
language.
What are authentic materials? What types are available
Authentic materials include anything that is used to communicate.
There are some lists of authentic material in EFL/ESL classroom such
as; Authentic listening/ viewing materials, includes silent films, TV

commercials, quiz shows, cartoons, dramas, movies, radio news, pop,

rock, country, film, and so on; Authentic visual materials, includes
slides,

photographs,

paintings,

sketches,

drawing

by

children,

calendar pictures, pictures from travel, news, popular magazines,

postcards picture, stamps, X-ray and so on; Authentic printed
materials, includes news paper articles, advertisements, movie
advertisement, sport reports, novels, books, candy wrappers, hotel
registration forms, drivers license, comic books, tourist information
brochures, street signs, and so on; Realia used in EFL/ESL classrooms,
includes dolls, puppets, currency, key rings, folded paper, combs,
toothbrush, trains, glue, rules, chalk, books, pens, paper clips,
balloons, hats, candles, and so on.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantage of authentic materials is reinforce the students direct
relation between language in classroom and the outside world. This
offers the students a valuable source of language input. The
disadvantages of authentic materials are take time and effort to
locate the authentic materials.
The use of authentic materials and media
There are some examples of using authentic materials and media in
EFL/ESL

classroom.

When

the

teacher

want

to

teach

about

introduction, then the teacher provide media that related to the

materials and persuade the students to do activity by using the
media. It will be interested the students to accepted the point of the
materials. As this teachers set of activities illustrates, it is possible to
adapt lessons to a text using authentic materials.

In teaching and learning process, both commercial and authentic

materials media are tools which can help the teacher in delivering the
materials in teaching and learning process. But as a good teacher,
they need to consider what kinds of technology that can be used in
language classroom. Some teachers have access to high technology,
such as computer that can surf the internet at lightning speed, while
other teachers will only have access to chalk and blackboard.