Steel Wire Ropes

Handling | Classification | Security Factors | Uses and Recomendations

Steel Wire Ropes

Wire Rope is made up of steel wires, generally braided in a helix

(spiral) forming units known as strands. The strands in the wire
rope can vary in accordance with specific and desired properties.

Wires
Wires are produced by reducing the diameter of the base wire, after passing through a series of dies and formers while have an axial
force applied to it.
The wires properties depend on its chemical composition, microstructures, grain size, segregations and process conditions.
Wires comply with the required ASTM A 1007, JIS G 3525, API 9 A,
RRW 410 F, ISO 2232 and other internationally recognized standards.

Dimensions and Tolerances

The cable diameter complies with the tolerances established in
the following table:
TABLE 1

Strands
Strands are formed by wires of the same or different diameters,
twisted over a central core.

Core
The core or nucleus is the central axis of the wire rope, around
which strands are wrapped. We use various cores, including steel,
natural fiber or synthetic.

Wire rope
Diameter
in mm or in.

% Tolerance
No Load

5% MBL

10% MBL

10 (3/8)

+6
+2

+5
+1

+4
0

>10 (3/8)

+5
+2

+4
+1

+3
0

Diameter Measurement

Wire Rope
Group of strands twisted helically around a core or nucleus.

The wire rope and its Components:

Wire
Strand
Core

CORRECT METHOD

INCORRECT METHOD

Correct Method: Place the measurement device on the widest

part of the wire rope.
Incorrect Method: This is not the wire ropes widest diameter.

2
www.emcocables.com

Steel Wire Ropes

Lay length

RIGHT REGULAR LAY

The lay of a steel wire rope is determined by the form in which

the strands are rolled in the wire rope and the way the wires are
rolled in the strands.
The length of lay of a steel wire rope is the linearly measured distance,
from one point of the strand to another point on the same strand, after completing a pass around the core of the wire rope (360).

Wires parallel to the wire ropes axis

PASO REGULAR DERECHO

According to the direction of the strands over the core, they can
be to the right or the left.

LEFT REGULAR LAY

According to the direction of the wires in the strands and the rolling
of these over the core, the wire rope can be of two types: regular lay
or lang lay. These can also be rolled to the left or right.
Regular Lay: The position of the wires in the strands is opposite to
the direction of the wire rope, see following figures. This type of
configuration allows the wire rope to be compact, well balanced
and with excellent stability.

Strands in diagonal towards the right

Wires parallel to the wire ropes axis

PASO REGULAR IZQUIERDO

Lang Lay: The position of the wires in the strands provides it with the
same direction of all the strands within the wire rope. This provides
excellent fatigue resistance as well as resistance to abrasion damage.

Strands diagonal towards the left

RIGHT LANG LAY

Wires diagonal to the wire rope axis

PASO LANG DERECHO

Strands in diagonal towards the right

LEFT LANG LAY.

Wires diagonal to the wire ropes axis

PASO LANG IZQUIERDO

3
www.emcocables.com

Strands in diagonal towards the left

Steel Wire Rope Handling

1

Installation

To install the wire rope in a winch or drum, its advisable to follow the
following instructions:
Before installing a new wire rope, the pulleys and drums should
be checked to insure they have no degradation or defects. When
a degradation or defect is found in the pulley and/or drums, this
should be replaced with new ones, matching the profile and diameter of the new wire rope.

Storage

Rotating or rotating the free end of the wire rope can cause the
de-braiding of the wire rope.
The terminals and/or accessories cannot be removed or installed
without making sure that the twist is maintained.

The wire ropes should not be stored in places that emit corrosive
vapors and should not be in contact with the floor.

Transport

This transportation operation should be performed in such a way

as to completely avoid any possible of contact of between the
wire rope and loading equipment.

Maintenance

Maintenance should be comprised of inspections, lubrication and

cleaning with regular frequency. Defects or irregularities should be
noted and rectified. The inspection should always include the starting point of the wire rope as well as its installed.
The inspection should always include the settling up of the terminals, with emphasis on the point of entry.

Lubrication

An adequate lubrication prolongs the useful life of a wire rope because

it reduces corrosion and abrasion caused by the friction of the
wire rope against the pulleys.
The frequency of lubrication depends on the following factors:
Retained lubrication from the manufacturing process
Elevator use
Security factor and working temperature

4
www.emcocables.com

Steel Wire Rope Handling

6

Manipulation

INCORRECT FORM

CORRECT FORM

5
www.emcocables.com

Steel Wire Ropes Classification

Steel Wire Ropes are classified by diameter, number of strands,

type of core and construction.

4. Warrington Strand

The types of strands in wire ropes are:

1. Simple cap common Strand

TORON 1X25

This strand is characterized by having an exterior cap formed by wires

of two different diameters, alternating their position in the crown.
The type of strand most commonly used is 1+6+6/6=19
TORON 1X7

5. Warrington Seale Strand

The most common example of simple lay strand. Construction is comprised of seven wires. It has a central wire and six wires of the same diameter that revolves around it. The most common composition is 1+6=7.

2. Seale Strand
TORON 1X36

This is a combination of the previous two strands and combines their

best qualities: The conjunction of fine interior wires allows for flexibility,
while the exterior cap of wider diameter wires, gives resistance to abrasion. The most common construction is 1+7+7/7+14=36
TORON 1X19

Construction in which the last layer contains the larger diameter

wires than the interior strand, giving the strand more resistance to
abrasion. The most common composition is 1+9+9=19.

3. Filler Strand

TORON 1X26

6x26 steel cable combines resistance to flexing and abrasion, giving

good wire live during usage 1+5+(5+5)+10=26

TORON 1X26

This strand is distinguished by having fine threads that fill the existing
spaces between two wire layers. This type of strand is used when a large
metallic section wire rope is required with a good resistance. The most
common composition is 1+6/6+12=25.

Most Common Wire Rope Constructions

The physical and mechanical properties of the different constructions
that EMCOCABLES manufactures are detailed in the following
tables. These are taken using the ASTM 1023 standard.

6
www.emcocables.com

Classification

6x7 Fiber Core (FC)

Wire Rope Construction
Item

Item

Quanitity

Strands

Wires

5 to 9

External Strands

External Wires

4 to 8

Strand Layer

Layer Wires

30 to 54

Wires

CABLE 6X7 ALMA DE FIBRA (AF)

Strand Construction

Quantity

tABLE 2
Diameter
in

Approx Weight
mm

lb/ft

kg/m

0.08
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.28
0.29
0.33
0.37
0.39
0.45
0.47
0.58
0.59
0.75
0.84
0.84
0.93
1.12
1.15
1.34
1.50
1.57
1.82
1.89
2.34
2.37
2.83
3.00
3.37

0.124
0.139
0.169
0.217
0.221
0.279
0.313
0.345
0.417
0.426
0.497
0.556
0.583
0.676
0.704
0.869
0.883
1.118
1.245
1.252
1.380
1.670
1.704
1.987
2.226
2.332
2.705
2.817
3.478
3.533
4.208
4.471
5.008

1/4
7
5/16
8
9
3/8
10
11
7/16
12
1/2
13
14
9/16
5/8
16
18
19
3/4
20
22
7/8
24
1
26
28
1 1/8
1 1/4
32
1 3/8
36
1 1/2
IPS = Improved Plow Steel

Minimun Break Load

IPS tons

1770 kN

EIP tons

21.2
2.64

2.90
28.8

4.10

4.51
37.6
47.6

5.86

6.45
58.8
71.1

7.93

8.72
84.6

10.3

11.3
99.3
115

13.0
15.9

14.3
150
190
212

22.7

25.0
235
284

30.7

33.8
338

39.7

43.7
397
461

49.8
61.0

54.8
67.1
602

73.1

80.4
762

86.2

EIPS = Extra Improved Plow Steel

94.8
For ton/mt Multiply by 0.9072

7
www.emcocables.com

Diameter Range
Min
Max
1960 kN
in
in
23.4
0.236
0.248
0.250
0.263
31.9
0.276
0.289
0.313
0.328
41.6
0.315
0.331
52.7
0.354
0.372
0.375
0.394
65.1
0.394
0.413
78.7
0.433
0.455
0.438
0.459
93.7
0.472
0.496
0.500
0.525
110
0.512
0.537
128
0.551
0.579
0.563
0.591
0.625
0.656
167
0.630
0.661
211
0.709
0.744
235
0.748
0.785
0.750
0.788
260
0.787
0.827
315
0.866
0.909
0.875
0.919
375
0.945
0.992
1.000
1.050
440
1.024
1.075
510
1.102
1.157
1.125
1.181
1.250
1.313
666
1.260
1.323
1.375
1.444
843
1.417
1.488
1.500
1.575
For kg/mt Multiply by 1.488

Classification

6x7 Steel Core (SC)

Cable Construction
Item
Strands
External Strands
Strand Layer
Wires

CABLE 6X7 ALMA DE ACERO (AA)

Strand Construction
Quantity
6
6
1
30 to 54

Item

Quanitity
5 to 9
4 to 8
1

Wires
External Wires
Layers Wire

TABLE 3
Diameter
in

Approx Weight
mm

lb/ft

0.10

0.144

0.11
0.13
0.17
0.17
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.33
0.33
0.39
0.43
0.45
0.53
0.55
0.68
0.69
0.87
0.97
0.98
1.08
1.30
1.33
1.55
1.73
1.82
2.11
2.19
2.71

0.161
0.196
0.252
0.256
0.324
0.363
0.400
0.484
0.494
0.576
0.645
0.676
0.784
0.817
1.008
1.024
1.296
1.444
1.452
1.600
1.936
1.976
2.304
2.581
2.704
3.136
3.266
4.032

1/4
7
5/16
8
9
3/8
10
11
7/16
12
1/2
13
14
9/16
5/8
16
18
19
3/4
20
22
7/8
24
1
26
28
1 1/8
1 1/4

1 1/2
IPS = Improved Plow Steel

kg/m

32

2.75

4.096

36

3.28
3.48
3.90

4.879
5.184
5.806

1 3/8

Minimun Break Load

IPS tons

1770 kN

EIP tons

22.9
2.84

1960 kN

25.3
3.12

31.1
4.41

34.5
4.85

40.7
51.5
6.30

45.0
57.0
6.93

63.5
76.9
8.52

70.4
85.1
9.37

91.5
11.1

101
12.2

107
125
14.0
17.1

119
138
15.4
18.8

163
206
229
24.4

180
228
254
26.8

254
308
33.0

281
341
36.3

366
42.7

405
47.0

430
498
53.5
65.6

476
552
58.9
72.2

651
78.6
824
102
For ton/mt Multiply by 0.9072

8
www.emcocables.com

Min
in

Max
in

0.236

0.250

0.250
0.276
0.313
0.315
0.354
0.375
0.394
0.433
0.438
0.472
0.500
0.512
0.551
0.563
0.625
0.630
0.709
0.748
0.750
0.787
0.866
0.875
0.945
1.000
1.024
1.102
1.125
1.250

0.265
0.292
0.331
0.331
0.372
0.394
0.413
0.455
0.459
0.496
0.525
0.537
0.579
0.591
0.656
0.661
0.744
0.785
0.788
0.827
0.909
0.919
0.992
1.050
1.075
1.157
1.181
1.313

721

1.260

1.323

912

1.375
1.417
1.500

1.444
1.488
1.575

86.5

92.7

EIPS = Extra Improved Plow Steel

Diameter Range

For kg/mt Multiply by 1.488

Classification

6X19 AND 6X36 (SC)

Cable Construction
Item

Strands
External Strands
Strand Layer
Wires
CABLE 6X19 ALMA DE ACERO (AA)

Quantity
6
6
1
90 to 154

Strand Construction
Item
Quanitity
Wires
15 to 26
External Wires
7 to 12
Layers Wire
2 to 3

CABLE 6X36 ALMA DE ACERO (AA)

Typical Examples
Wire Ropes

Strands

6 X 19 S

1-9-9

6 X 21 F

1-5-5F-10

6 X 26 WS

1-5-(5+5)-10

6 X 19 W

1-6-(6+6)

6 X 25 F

1-6-6F-12

9
www.emcocables.com

TABLE 4
Dimeter
in

Approx Weight
mm

lb/ft

kg/m

Minumun Break Load

IPS tons

1770 kN

EIP tons

1960 kN

EIP tons

2160 kN

0.10
0.153
22.7
25.1
1/4
0.12
0.172
2.94
3.40
7
0.14
0.209
30.9
34.2
5/16
0.18
0.268
4.58
5.27
8
0.18
0.273
40.3
44.7
9
0.23
0.345
51.0
56.5
3/8
0.26
0.386
6.56
7.55
8.30
10
0.29
0.426
63.0
69.8
11
0.35
0.515
76.2
84.4
7/16
0.35
0.526
8.89
10.2
11.2
12
0.41
0.613
90.7
100
1/2
0.46
0.687
11.5
13.3
14.6
13
0.48
0.720
106
118
14
0.56
0.835
124
137
9/16
0.58
0.870
14.5
16.8
18.5
5/8
0.72
1.074
17.7
20.6
22.7
16
0.73
1.091
161
179
18
0.93
1.380
204
226
19
1.03
1.538
227
252
3/4
1.04
1.546
25.6
29.4
32.4
20
1.15
1.704
252
279
22
1.39
2.062
305
338
7/8
1.41
2.104
34.6
39.8
43.8
24
1.65
2.454
363
402
1
1.85
2.748
44.9
51.7
56.9
26
1.94
2.880
426
472
28
2.24
3.340
494
547
1 1/8
2.34
3.478
56.5
65.0
71.5
1 1/4
2.89
4.294
69.4
79.9
87.9
32
2.93
4.362
645
715
1 3/8
3.49
5.196
83.5
96.0
106
36
3.71
5.521
817
904
1 1/2
4.16
6.184
98.9
114
125
40
4.58
6.816
1008
1116
1 5/8
4.88
7.257
115
132
146
44
5.54
8.247
1220
1351
1 3/4
5.66
8.417
133
153
169
1 7/8
6.49
9.662
152
174
192
48
6.60
9.815
1452
1608
2
7.39
10.994
172
198
217
52
7.74
11.519
1704
1887
2 1/8
8.34
12.411
192
221
243
56
8.98
13.359
1976
2188
2 1/4
9.35
13.914
215
247
272
60
10.31
15.336
2268
2512
2 3/8
10.42
15.503
239
274
301
Minimum breaking force for final-galvanized ropes 10% lower than values listed. Note To convert to kilonewtons (kN), multiply tons by 8.896

10
www.emcocables.com

27.7
37.7
49.2
62.3
76.9
93.0
111
130
151

197
249
278
308
372
443
520
603

787
997
1230
1489

1772
2079
2411
2768

Diamter Range
Min
Max
in
in

0.236
0.250
0.276
0.313
0.315
0.354
0.375
0.394
0.433
0.438
0.472
0.500
0.512
0.551
0.563
0.625
0.630
0.709
0.748
0.750
0.787
0.866
0.875
0.945
1.000
1.024
1.102
1.125
1.250
1.260
1.375
1.417
1.500
1.575
1.625
1.732
1.750
1.875
1.890
2.000
2.047
2.125
2.205
2.250
2.362
2.375

0.250
0.265
0.292
0.331
0.331
0.372
0.394
0.413
0.455
0.459
0.496
0.525
0.537
0.579
0.591
0.656
0.661
0.744
0.785
0.788
0.827
0.909
0.919
0.992
1.050
1.075
1.157
1.181
1.313
1.323
1.444
1.488
1.575
1.654
1.706
1.819
1.838
1.969
1.984
2.100
2.150
2.231
2.315
2.363
2.480
2.494

Classification

6X19 AND 6X36 (FC)

Typical Examples

CABLE 6X19 ALMA DE FIBRA (AF)

CABLE 6X36 ALMA DE FIBRA (AF)

Wire Ropes

Strands

6 X 31 WS

1-6-(6+6)-12

6 X 36 WS

1-7-(7+7)-14

6 X 41 WS

1-8-(8+8)-16

6 X 41 SF

1-8-8-8F-16

6 X 49 SWS

1-8-8-(8+8)-16

6 X 46 WS

1-9-(9+9)-18

11
www.emcocables.com

Classification

TABLE 5
Dimeter
in

Approx Weight
mm

lb/ft

kg/m

Minumun Break Load

IPS tons

1770 kN

EIP tons

1960 kN

EIP tons

2160 kN

0.09
0.140
21
23,3
1/4
0.11
0.156
2,74
3,01
7
0.13
0.190
28,6
31,7
5/16
0.16
0.244
4,26
4,69
8
0.17
0.248
37,4
41,4
9
0.21
0.314
47,3
52,4
3/8
0.24
0.352
6,1
6,71
7,38
10
0.26
0.388
58,4
64,7
11
0.32
0.469
70,7
78,3
7/16
0.32
0.479
8,27
9,1
10
12
0.38
0.559
84,1
93,1
1/2
0.42
0.626
10,7
11,8
12,9
13
0.44
0.656
98,7
109
14
0.51
0.760
114
127
9/16
0.53
0.792
13,5
14,9
16,3
5/8
0.66
0.978
16,7
18,4
20,2
16
0.67
0.993
150
166
18
0.84
1.257
189
210
19
0.94
1.401
211
233
3/4
0.95
1.408
23,8
26,2
28,8
20
1.04
1.552
234
259
22
1.26
1.878
283
313
7/8
1.29
1.917
32,2
35,4
39
24
1.50
2.235
336
373
1
1.68
2.503
41,8
46
50,6
26
1.76
2.623
395
437
28
2.04
3.042
458
507
1 1/8
2.13
3.168
52,6
57,9
68,6
1 1/4
2.63
3.911
64,6
71,1
78,2
32
2.67
3.973
598
662
1 3/8
3.18
4.733
77,7
85,5
94
36
3.38
5.028
757
838
1 1/2
3.78
5.632
92
101
111
40
4.17
6.208
935
1035
1 5/8
4.44
6.610
107
118
129
44
5.05
7.512
1131
1252
1 3/4
5.15
7.666
124
136
150
1 7/8
5.91
8.800
141
155
171
48
6.01
8940
1346
1490
2
6.73
10.013
160
176
194
52
7.05
10.492
1579
1749
2 1/8
7.6
11.304
179
197
217
56
8.18
12.168
1832
2028
2 1/4
8.52
12.673
200
220
242
60
9.39
13.968
2103
2328
2 3/8
9.49
14.120
222
244
269
Minimum breaking force for final-galvanized ropes 10% lower than values listed. Note To convert to kilonewtons (kN), multiply tons by 8.896

12
www.emcocables.com

25,7
34,9
45,6
57,7
71,3
86,2
103
120
140

182
231
257
285
345
411
482
559

730
924
1140
1380

1642
1927
2235
2566

Diamter Range
Min
Max
in
in

0.236
0.250
0.276
0.313
0.315
0.354
0.375
0.394
0.433
0.438
0.472
0.500
0.512
0.551
0.563
0.625
0.630
0.709
0.748
0.750
0.787
0.866
0.875
0.945
1.000
1.024
1.102
1.125
1.250
1.260
1.375
1.417
1.500
1.575
1.625
1.732
1.750
1.875
1.890
2.000
2.047
2.125
2.205
2.250
2.362
2.375

0.250
0.265
0.292
0.331
0.331
0.372
0.394
0.413
0.455
0.459
0.496
0.525
0.537
0.579
0.591
0.656
0.661
0.744
0.785
0.788
0.827
0.909
0.919
0.992
1.050
1.075
1.157
1.181
1.313
1.323
1.444
1.488
1.575
1.654
1.706
1.819
1.838
1.969
1.984
2.100
2.150
2.231
2.315
2.363
2.480
2.494

Classification

8X19 AND 8X25 (SC)

Cable Construction
Item
Quantity
Strands
External Strands
Strand Layer
Wires in Cable

8
8
1
120 to 232

CABLE 8X25 ALMA DE ACERO (AA)

CABLE 8X19 ALMA DE ACERO (AA)

Strand Construction
Item
Quanitity
15 to 26
7 to 12
2 to 3

Wires
External Wires
Layers Wire

Typical Examples
Wire Ropes

Strands

8 X 19 S

1-9-9

8 X 21 F

1-5-5F-10

Rope Diameter
Nominal Maximum
(ordered) (ordered)
in
in
1/4
17/64

8 X 26 WS

1-5-(5+5)-10

8 X 19 W

1-6-(6+6)

8 X 25 F

1-6-6F-12

Approx
Circunference

Maximum
Strand
Pitch Lay

in

Approx. Mass

Nominal and
Acceptance
Breaking
Strength

6 X 19 8 X 19
(lb/ft)
(lb/ft)

lb

3/4

1-11/16

0.10

0.09

3,600

5/16

21/64

2 -1/8

0.16

0.14

5,600

3/8

13/32

1-1/8

2-17/32

0.23

0.20

8,200

7/16

15/32

1-1/8

2-31/32

0.31

0.28

11,000

1/2

17/32

1-1/8

3-3/8

0.40

0.36

14,500

9/16

19/32

1-1/8

3-13/16

0.51

0.46

18,500

5/8

21/32

4-7/32

0.63

0.57

23,000

168

164

213

Physical and Mechanical Properties of 8x19 Parallel Layers

Nominal Diameter

Approximate
Weight

251

Table 6

Min. Break Load corresponding to the nominal tension grade of the wires:

Fiber Cored Ropes

1570 N/Mm2 Single Tensile; 1370/1770 N/Mm2. Dual Tensile.
Both Are Calculated Using A Single Tensile Of 1500 N/mm2 (kN)

1770 N/mm2 Simple Tension kN

12,7

17,8

21

mm
(in)

Natural Fiber

Synthetic Fiber

kg/100m

kg/100m

13

22,2

21,7

28,1

33,2

10

34,7

33,9

44

51,9

11

42

41

53,2

62,8

12

55,6

54,5

54,7

64,4

13

58,6

57,3

74,3

87,6

16

88,8

86,8

113

133

19

125

122

159

187

22

168

164

213

251

13
www.emcocables.com

Classification

TABLE 7
Diameter
in

Approx Weight
mm

lb/ft

0.11
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.19
0.24
0.27
0.30
0.36
0.37
0.43
0.48
0.51
0.59
0.61
0.76
0.77
0.97
1.08
1.09
1.20
1.45
1.48
1.73
1.93
2.03
2.35
2.45
3.02
3.07
3.66
3.88
4.35
4.80
5.11
5.80
5.92
6.80
6.91
7.73
8.10
8.73
9.40
9.79
10.79
10.91

kg/m

Minumun Break Load

IPS Tons

1770 kN

0.161
22.7
1/4
0.180
2.94
7
0.219
30.9
5/16
0.281
4.58
8
0.285
40.3
9
0.361
51.0
3/8
0.405
6.56
10
0.446
63.0
11
0.540
76.2
7/16
0.551
8.89
12
0.642
90.7
1/2
0.719
11.5
13
0.754
106
14
0.874
124
9/16
0.910
14.5
5/8
1.124
17.7
16
1.142
161
18
1.445
204
19
1.610
227
3/4
1.619
25.6
20
1.784
252
22
2.159
305
7/8
2.203
34.6
24
2.569
363
1
2.877
44.9
26
3.015
426
28
3.497
494
1 1/8
3.642
56.5
1 1/4
4.496
69.4
32
4.567
645
1 3/8
5.440
83.5
36
5.780
817
1 1/2
6.474
98.9
40
7.136
1008
1 5/8
7.598
115
44
8.635
1220
1 3/4
8.812
133
1 7/8
10.116
152
48
10.276
1452
2
11.510
172
52
12.060
1704
2 1/8
12.993
192
56
13.087
1976
2 1/4
14.567
215
60
16.056
2268
2 1/2
16.230
239
IPS = Improved Plow Steel
EIPS = Extra Improved Plow Steel
Wire Ropes Produced in accordance with RR-W-410E Standards
The break loads for galvanized finish wire ropes, are 10% less than the values listed in this table.

EIP tons

1960 kN

3.40

34.2

5.27

44.7
56.5

7.55

69.8
84.4

10.2

100

13.3

118
137

16.8
20.6

179
226
252

29.4

279
338

39.8

402

51.7

472
547

65.0
79.9

715

96.0

904

114
132
153
174
198
221
247

EIP tons

25.1

1116
1351

1608
1887
2188
2512

8.30

11.2
14.6

18.5
22.7

32.4

43.8
56.9

71.5
87.9
106
125
146
169
192
217
243
272

274
301
For ton/mt Multiply by 0.9072

14
www.emcocables.com

Diameter Range
Min
Max
2160 kN
in
in
27.7
0.236
0.250
0.250
0.265
37.7
0.276
0.292
0.313
0.331
49.2
0.315
0.331
62.3
0.354
0.372
0.375
0.394
76.9
0.394
0.413
93.0
0.433
0.455
0.438
0.459
111
0.472
0.496
0.500
0.525
130
0.512
0.537
151
0.551
0.579
0.563
0.591
0.625
0.656
197
0.630
0.661
249
0.709
0.744
278
0.748
0.785
0.750
0.788
308
0.787
0.827
372
0.866
0.909
0.875
0.919
443
0.945
0.992
1.000
1.050
520
1.024
1.075
603
1.102
1.157
1.125
1.181
1.250
1.313
787
1.260
1.323
1.375
1.444
997
1.417
1.488
1.500
1.575
1230
1.575
1.654
1.625
1.706
1489
1.732
1.819
1.750
1.838
1.875
1.969
1772
1.890
1.984
2.000
2.100
2079
2.047
2.150
2.125
2.231
2411
2.205
2.315
2.250
2.363
2768
2.362
2.480
2.375
2.494
For kg/mt Multiply by 1.488

Classification

18X7 (FC) AND 19X7 (SC)

Cable Construction
Item

CABLE 18 x7 ALMA DE FIBRA (AF)

Strands
External Strands
Strand Layer
Wires

Strand Construction
Quantity
17 to 18
10 to 13
2
85 to 126

Item
Wires
External Wires
Layers Wire

Typical Examples
Wire Ropes

Strands

8 X 19 S

1-9-9

8 X 21 F

1-5-5F-10

8 X 26 WS

1-5-(5+5)-10

8 X 19 W

1-6-(6+6)

8 X 25 F

1-6-6F-12

15
www.emcocables.com

Quantity
5 to 7
4 to 6
1

Classification

18x7 AND 19x7 STEEL CORE (SC)

Diameter

Approx Weight

TABLE 8

2160 kN

Min
in

Max
in

23.1

0.236

0.248

0.250

0.263

0.276

0.289

0.313

0.328

41.1

0.315

0.331

52.1

0.354

0.372

0.375

0.394

64.3

0.394

0.413

77.8

0.433

0.455

0.438

0.459

0.472

0.496

0.500

0.525

109

0.512

0.537

126

0.551

0.579

13.6

0.563

0.591

16.8

0.625

0.656

165

0.630

0.661

188

208

0.709

0.744

210

232

0.748

0.785

0.750

0.788

257

0.787

0.827

311

0.866

0.909

0.875

0.919

0.945

0.992

1.000

1.050

435

1.024

1.075

504

1.102

1.157

53.1

1.125

1.181

65.1

1.250

1.313

1.260

1.323

1.375

1.444

1.417

1.488

1.500

1.575

mm

lb/ft

kg/m

IPS Tons

1770 kN

0.10

0.144

0.10

0.151

0.11

0.161

0.11

0.169

0.13

0.196

0.14

0.205

0.17

0.251

0.18

0.264

0.17

0.255

0.18

0.268

37.2

0.22

0.323

0.23

0.339

47.0

0.24

0.362

0.26

0.380

10

0.27

0.399

0.28

0.419

58.1

11

0.32

0.483

0.34

0.507

70.2

0.33

0.493

0.35

0.517

0.39

0.575

0.41

0.603

0.43

0.644

0.45

0.676

13

0.45

0.674

0.48

0.708

98.1

14

0.53

0.782

0.55

0.821

114

9/16

0.55

0.814

0.57

0.855

12.4

5/8

0.68

1.006

0.71

1.056

15.3

16

0.69

1.021

0.72

1.073

149

18

0.87

1.293

0.91

1.358

19

0.97

1.440

1.02

1.513

0.97

1.448

1.02

1.521

20

1.07

1.596

1.13

1.676

232

22

1.30

1.931

1.36

2.028

281

1.32

1.971

1.39

2.070

1.54

2.298

1.62

2.413

1.73

2.574

1.82

2.703

26

1.81

2.697

1.90

2.832

392

28

2.10

3.128

2.21

3.285

455

1 1/8

2.19

3.258

2.30

3.421

48.2

1 1/4

2.70

4.022

2.84

4.224

59.2

2.75

4.086

2.88

4.291

3.27

4.867

3.43

5.111

3.47

5.171

3.65

5.430

3.89

5.792

4.09

6.082

in

1/4
7
5/16

3/8

7/16
12
1/2

3/4

7/8
24
1

32
1 3/8
36
1 1/2
IPS = Improved Plow Steel

Diameter Range

Minumun Break Load

EIPS = Extra Improved Plow Steel

EIP tons

1960 kN

EIP tons

20.9
2.51

2.77
28.4

3.90

31.5
4.30

5.59

6.15

7.58

8.33
83.6

9.85

92.6
10.8

21.8

24.0

29.5

32.5
334

38.3

370
42.2

594
71.3

658
78.4

752
84.4
For Ton/Met. Multiply by 0.9072

Wire Ropes Produced in accordance with RR-W-410E Standards

The break loads for galvanized finish wire ropes, are 10% less than the values listed in this table.

16
www.emcocables.com

833
92.8

For kg/mt Multiply by 1.488

8x36 Steel Core (SC)

Typical Constructions
Wire Ropes

Strands

8 X 31 WS-IWRC

1-6-6+6+12

8 X 36 WS-IWRC

1-7-7+7-14

8 X 41 WS-IWRC

1-8-8+8-16

CABLE 8X36 ALMA DE ACERO (AA)

Diameter
mm
8
9
(9.5)
10
11
(11.1)
12
(12.7)
13
14
(14.3)
(15.9)
16
18
19
(19.1)
20
22
(22.2)
24
(25.4)
26
28
(28.6)
(31.8)
32
(34.9)
35
36
38
(38.1)
40
41.3
44.0
44.5
45.0
47.6
48.0
50.8
51.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
57.2
60.0

in
(3/8)
(7/16)
(1/2)
(9/16)
(5/8)

(3/4)
(7/8)
(1)

(1-1/8)
(1-1/4)
(1-3/8)

(1-1/2)
43.3
46.2
46.7
47.3
50.0
50.4
53.3
53.6
54.6
56.7
58.8
60.0
63.0

Diameter Tolerance
Min.
mm
8.00
9.00
9.53
10.0
11.0
11.1
12.0
12.7
13.0
14.0
14.3
15.9
16.0
18.0
19.0
19.1
20.0
22.0
22.2
24.0
25.4
26.0
28.0
28.6
31.8
32.0
34.9
35.0
36.0
38.0
38.1
40.0
807
844
961
1080
1130
1310
1500

Max.
mm
8.40
9.45
10.0
10.5
11.6
11.7
12.6
13.3
13.7
14.7
15.0
16.7
16.8
18.9
20.0
20.0
21.0
23.1
23.3
25.2
26.7
27.3
29.4
30.0
33.3
33.6
36.7
36.8
37.8
39.9
40.0
42.0
(5.11)

(5.92)
(6.80)
(7.73)
(8.73)
(9.79)

Nominal
Longitudinal Mass

Kg/100m
26.7
33.8
41.7
50.5
60.0
70.5
81.7
107
135
151
167
202
240
282
327
427
511
540
602
667

lb/ft

(0.27)
(0.37)
(0.48)
(0.61)
(0.76)

(1.09)
(1.48)
(1.93)
(2.45)
(3.02)
(3.66)

(4.35)

1770
kN
40.3
51.0

1960
kN
44.7
56.5

2160
kN
49.2
62.2

63.0
76.2

69.8
84.4

76.9
93.0

90.7

100

111

106
124

118
137

130
151

161
204
227

179
226
252

197
249
278

252
305

279
338

308
372

363

402

443

426
494

472
547

520
603

645

715

787

772
817
910

855
904
1010

942
997
1110

1010

1120
1020

1230
(115)

1180

1220

1350

1490

1280

1410

1560

1450

1610

1770

1640
1700

1810
1890

2000
2080

1980

2190

2410

2270

2510

2770

Tabla 9

Min. Break Load

IPS

tons

kN

58.4

(6.56)

79.1

EIP

EEIP

tons

kN

67.2

(7.55)

73.8

(8.30)

(8.89)

90.7

(10.2)

99.6

(11.2)

102

(11.5)

118

(13.3)

130

(14.6)

129
157

(14.5)
(17.7)

149
183

(16.8)
(20.6)

165
202

(18.5)
(22.7)

228

(25.6)

262

(29.4)

288

(32.4)

308

(34.6)

354

(39.8)

390

(43.8)

399

(44.9)

460

(51.7)

506

(56.9)

503
617

(56.5)
(69.4)

578
711

(65.0)
(79.9)

636
782

(71.5)
(87.9)

743

(83.5)

854

(96.0)

943

(106)

880

(98.9)

1010

(114)

1110

(125)

1170

(132)

1300

(146)

(133)

1360

(153)

1500

(169)

1350

(152)

1550

(174)

1710

(192)

1530

(172)

1760

(198)

1930

(217)

1710

(192)

1970

(221)

2160

(243)

1910

(215)

2200

(247)

2420

(272)

17
www.emcocables.com

kN

tons

Security Factors

TABLE 10
Diameter in/mm

1.0

Below is the recommended factors comparing the assumed breaking

load as compared to the established working load.

Approx.
Construction Min. Break Load Kgf Weight
g/m
1X7 GIP

210

95

4.6

Recommended Security Factors

WIRE ROPE USES
Suspension Bridges
Wire Rope for Cableway

TIMES
3-4
3.5 - 5

3/64

1.2

1X12 GIP

230

105

6.0

1/16

1.6

1X12 GIP

400

180

13.0

Hoisting Wire Rope

5-9
8 - 12

Tractor Wire Rope

5-7

1/16

1.58

1X19 GIP

400

180

12.0

Wire Rope for Passenger Transport

Wire Rope for vertical applications

5-8

5/64

2.0

1X12 GIP

525

239

19.0

Wire Ropes for oil-field service

8 - 12

5/64

2.0

1X19 GIP

525

239

19.4

Lift Wire Ropes

8 - 17

Winches Wire Ropes for winches

4-8

1/8

3.17

1X32 GIP

1200

538

41

1/8

3.17

1X19 GIP

1653

750

47.5

There is no precise rule for determining when to utilize non-rotating wire ropes in the first instance, it is important to consider
the experience obtained with previously wire rope.

COMMON APPLICATIONS
Sector

Construction

Sector

6X7
MINING

6 X 19

8 X 25

8X7

8 X 36

6 X 26

8 X 19

6 X 19
PETROLEUM

Construction
8 X 19

Lifting

CRANES

8 X 25

6 X 21

8 X 36

6 X 36

6X7

6 X 26

FISHING

Selection of Non-Rotating Wire Ropes

6 X 19
6 X 26

The variables that help determine this are:

Lift height.
Wire Rope diameter.
Pulley diameter.
Number of Lines.
Pulley disposition.
Specific torque of the wire rope.
It is not recommended to use non-rotating wire rope when the
load is guided. (rotational resistance)
Specific Precautions and Installation:
Due to its particular design, non-rotating wire rope presents
differences in comparison to 6 lace wire rope. The form in which
they behave, degrade and break, differs in respect to all other
conventional constructions.

18
www.emcocables.com

Wire Ropes for the Petroleum Industry

1

Reel HANDLING

The most common use of these wire ropes is in cranes in order to

lift guided loads.

These recommendations apply to all wire ropes in general uses .

Recommendations for Installation and Use

1. Use of Sling or Chains

Non-rotating wire ropes are very delicate and thus require special
care during mounting, use and in the selection of maintenance
equipment. The following is a list of conditions and precautions that
should be observed in order to use the non-rotating wire rope:
The diameters of the drum and pulleys used for 18x7 or 19x7
wire ropes should not be less that 40 times the diameter of the
wire rope. A diameter equal to 54 times the diameter of the wire
rope or greater is recommended.
The 18x9 non-rotating wire rope should be used with pulleys
and drums whose diameter should not be less that 25 times the
diameter of the wire rope. A diameter 36 or more times greater
is recommended.

When it is necessary to move the wire rope reel with slings or

chains, wood blocks should be used between the wire rope and
the element used (to lift the roll) in order to prevent damage to
the wires or distortion to the strands in the wire rope.

2. Use of Bars
When bars are used to move the roll, these should be leveraged
against the edge of the roll, not the wire rope itself

3. Sharp objects

Non-rotating wire ropes should always be under to tension,

thus it is necessary to install a hook or counterweight in order to
maintain the wire rope taught even when there is no load.

The Roll should not roll or fall or hard or sharp objects in such a
way that can cause damage to the wire rope.

Rotating or spinning the load should be avoided because that

torsion, distortion will condition will reduce the useful life of the
wire rope.

4. Falling

The entry angle of the wire rope into a pulley should not be
greater than 1.5.

The roll should not be allowed to fall from the truck or platform,
this can damage the wire rope or break the roll.

If the non-rotating wire ropes are to be mounted on a hoisting

equipment, it is prudent to limit the legs to only two, due to the
fact more legs cannot be used.

5. Mud, Dirt, Ashes

It is recommended that the ties on the end of the non-rotating

wire rope be made of cast Zinc or any other metal for low friction. The use of staples, in this case, is not a good practice because they allow slipping of the exterior laces (strands) over the
core, causing potential surface defects and internal deviations.

The roll should not come into contact with anything that can
cause surface damage, rust or scratches as dirt, mud or ash.
Placing the roll on a pallet, will help to transport as well as protecting the wire rope against damage

19
www.emcocables.com

Handling During
Installation

1. Thread Block

7. Excess of wire rope or dead caps

The blocks should be threaded without wearing against the

slot in the pulley

The number of dead caps or excess wire rope should be maintained

in accordance with the equipment manufacturers standards.

2. Line changes and cut

8. New Wire Rope

Its good practice during a line change to suspend the flying block
from the crown, in a single line. This tends to limit the amount of
rubbing over the guards or spacers, to diminish the formation of
bends. This practice is also very effective in the cutting procedure.

When possible, the new wire rope should be carefully controlled

and monitored, under loads and speeds, for a short period after
installation. This allows the wire rope to settle into the work environment.

3. Tension

The EMCOCABLES manufactured SUPER B SHRIMP and SUPER B FISH galvanized steel wire ropes for fishing have been
designed according to the heavy work loads fishing ships carry
out, as well as the great power developed by these ships today.
Our high quality thoroughly meets the demands of the modern
fishermans most important work tool, high resistance, long life
wire ropes.

Tension should be maintained from the moment the wire rope is

removed from the roll in order to restrict its movement.
There should be enough tension in the wire rope in order to assure
a good pay off and accommodation.

4. Threading with a rotating type clamp

It is recommended when a worn wire rope is going to be replaced
by a new one, the use of a clamp to attach the new wire rope to
the old one is done.
It should not be welded onto the used wire rope in order to pull it
through the system.

5. Twisting
There should be the utmost attention paid in order to avoid the
twisting of the wire rope, because the formation of a bend, can
cause the entire wire rope, or a section.

6. Cleaning
The use of solvents can cause damage to the wire rope.
If the wire rope gets covered in dirt, sand or any other contaminating material, it should be cleaned with a brush.

The production of our fishing wire ropes is meticulously monitored during the drawing, galvanization, stranding and closing
processes. The most rigid international standards are set for the
production of our fishing wire ropes. Our quality control is not
just limited to approving final wires ropes, but to strict oversight
during each of the manufacturing processes. It is to this attetion
to detail that we produce fishing cables of unbeatable quality.All
of the wires in our fishing wire ropes are strong, resistant to tension and heavily galvanized.
Together, these factors make our wire ropes resistant to corrosion, abrasion, deformation and yet still maintain a great flexibility, an important requirement in this type of wire ropes.
The individual diameter of the wires and the geometric design of
the strands have been technically and carefully calculated, thus
giving the SUPER B fishing wire ropes magnificent physical properties.
The polypropylene center is specifically designed for our fishing
wire ropes. It is dense, uniform and resistant to seawater. It has
the best characteristics of natural fiber core strands but none of
the disadvantages.

20
www.emcocables.com

Wire Ropes for Fishing

Diagnostic Chart for Faults in wire ropes and its causes

Fault

By Shipping

By
Installation

Symptom

Possible Cause

Deformation of the
Wire Rope

Excessive amount of wire rope on one roll to dispatch

Roll drum open

Bending and Coils

Rolling the wire rope over the roll in a loose manner

Mold

Deficient Storage

Bending and Coils

Improper braking or elevation of the roll

Improper transfer of wire rope from roll to spool

Excessive Abrasion

Improper functioning of friction caused by the equipment itself or other equipment nearby or in front

High or Mounted
Strands

Improper weave, connection or grip

Utilization of nails or other objects between the strands

Deformation of
Wire Rope

Improper transfer between roll and drum

Blows to equipment

Overly compressed wire rope

Bends or Coils

Jumping pulleys
Operation over small diameter pulleys
Pulling out on the wire rope when its loose and in line caused by being too open or too stretched
Lifting the wire rope with a pointed object without protection

Corrosion or Wet

Poor rolling on the roll lack of lubrication

Exploded Core

Momentary compression force in the wire rope which pushes the strands
Colliding with fluid in a well at high velocity
Rolling on small diameter drums

Excessive Abrasion

Improper work. Tight or adjusted pulley mouth.

Broken Wires

Fatigue by excessive turns over small diameter pulleys or contrary inclination

Formation of martensite caused by heating (friction with an object that causes sparks)
Damaged core caused by overloading
Little wire rope mobility cause by stretch-throat pulleys
Excessive wire rope velocity
Broken pulleys or rolls

Spaces in the
Weave

Load suddenly dropped

Mounted Strands

Cut sharp elements, accessories, or unions located in the area

Another transported roll hitting the cable

Falling of roll off of truck

Throwing or dragging the cable around a post or sharp point

Poor rolling on the spool

Poor rolling on the roll

Broken rolls

Poor rolling on the roll fluids or corrosive atmosphere

Squashing on the roll

By Use
Poorly aligned pulleys. Presence of abrasive material

21
www.emcocables.com

Sliding over a worn surface

Vibrations caused by defected rollings
Corrugated pulleys

Wire Ropes for Fishing

Problems That Can Arise With Pulleys and their Solutions

Pulley

Wire Rope

Incidents, Causes

Too Small Groove

Normal

The wire rope fatigues rapidly becouse of brunt folds, which caused the outer
strands to deteriorate quickly. The strands of the wire rope attack the pulley
and draw a spiral print.

Overly Wide

Normal

The wire rope wears out due to the slidings and the inertia of the pulley, of a
false groove, and fatigues prematurely due to abrasion.

Groove Evidence by a
Mark Evidence

Normal

If the previous wire rope had left an impression on the bottom of the groove,
this can have a filing effect on the exterior wires of the wire rope.

Observations
Replace the pulley.
A convenient pulley should have a relation
of 120 to 140 and the borders should
have an inclination of 40 to 50

Groove Evidence by a
Worn Side

Due to continuous excessive rubbing at a great deflection angle or a

defective pulley drum alignment.

Rectify the pulley or replace it well. Test

alignment

Deform Groove

A flat spot on a point on the pulley creates a bump in the wire rope each
pulley revolution. The cumulative effects of this cause a constant fatigue on
the exterior strands and engenders a vibration.

Replace or rectify

Used Pulley

New

The wire rope eliminates old impressions and wears quickly.

Bearing or Axis of
Broken Pulley

Normal

Provokes an oscillation and the cable whips around thus reducing its useful
life. The wearing of the axis tends to cause a false rotation in the pulley and
the wire rope fatigue, generally around the connection.

Poorly Rounded or
Coated Pulleys

Normal

The wire rope also whips around and the damaged face can remove itself
from use or at least rub together against the live edge, causing rapid wear.

Stiff Pulley

Normal

The wire rope is worn by filing and produces grooves in the pulley.

Re-grease the axes of the pulleys and make

sure they spin freely

Notched Pulley

Normal

A Notch can destroy thewire rope.

Change Wire Rope

Has a moment of inertia such that its movement doesnt adjust to the wire
rope, and acts as a grinder against the exterior wires.

Change Wire Rope

Replace the bearing or remount the axis

Undulated Pulley
Overly Heavy Pulleys

Normal Pulley

Used

Too Small

The diameter of the groove section results small, if a new wire rope is
mounted, it will be too loose in the pulley and brush the sides of the pulley,
deforming it and eventually destroying.
The wire rope, when isnt tensioned, generally tends to flatten, then it
deforms and eventually destroys.

22
www.emcocables.com

Phone: (57 1) 376 6030, Fax: (57 1) 3766030 Ext 2230 | emco@emcocables.com | www.emcocables.com