Animal Production Grade 10 - TG PDF

AFA ANIMAL PRODUCTION GRADE 10 TEACHING GUIDE
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
ANIMAL PRODUCTION NC II
(Specialization)
SECOND QUARTER
LO 1. PROVIDING COMFORTABLE HOUSING
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates an understanding in selecting ideal site and providing
comfortable house to small ruminants.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner independently selects ideal site and provides comfortable house for small
ruminants.
INTRODUCTION
Goats can be tethered during the day at pasture and confined under/near the farmers
house at night for safety reasons. This is the typical way of raising goats within the farmers
backyard. As the number increases, animals are transferred to a wider space to avoid
overcrowding and prevent contamination if ever there is a disease outbreak.
Primarily, the proper site selected should be a place away from a populated area.
Distance from the animals also minimizes contending with their unpleasant odor. Aside from
having an ideal site for the project, providing the proper animals shelter is also a need. This
will protect the animals from dampness, since they are very prone to pneumonia (Marid
Agribusiness, 2006). Other facilities such as feeders, waterers, hay rack, and other basic
equipment must be considered.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Identify the ideal site for housing the herd.

Identify the different types of goat/sheep house.
Identify the materials needed in the construction of a goat/sheep house.
Estimate the recommended floor space requirements of goat/sheep at different
physiological stages.
DIAGNOSTIC/PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Choose the right answer from the choices. Write only the letter of your answer on
your activity notebook.
1. This refers to the contour/elevation of the area where project will be situated.
Answer: c. Topography
2. Why is there a need to house animals?
Answer: c. It reduces internal parasite infestation.
3. Why do farmers prefer to build elevated house for the goats?
Answer: d. It facilitates cleaning and provides ventilation.

4. What should be a raisers priority when putting up a perimeter fence for the animals?
Answer: d. Safety and well-being of the animals
5. This facility is necessary where sick animals are kept to control rapid spread of
infectious diseases among animals.
Answer: a. Isolation area
6. What is the recommended floor space area for a breeding male (buck)?
Answer: c. 2.0 m2
7. What is the recommended housing space for bred ewes in a confinement (slatted
floor)?
Answer: 8 10 sq. feet
8. What factor is needed for cleaning the quarters, washing the animals and equipment
and safe drinking purposes?
Answer: c. Water supply
9. Which of the following factors is described when a project is located near the
market?
Answer: d. Transportation
10. This factor considers the porosity of the soil since goats are not adapted to
moistened ground.
Answer: b. Types of soil
11. Why is elevated flooring a requirement when constructing a house for goats?
Answer: It facilitates the cleaning of manure.
12. What is the total area needed to house a pair of goat?
Answer: c. 6. sq. m
13. The following are used as roofing materials for small scale goats house except:
Answer: c. Galvanized iron
14. In constructing goat house, bamboo is mainly used as _______.
Answer: d. sidings
15. Why is concrete post more preferable to use than wooden post in commercial scale
farming?
Answer: a. It provides durability.
16. It is an equipment that contains feeds for the animals.
Answer: a. Feeding trough
17. These are materials which are cut into halves and holds water for the animals to
drink in.
Answer: c. Pails or drums
18. Why is it needed to provide kid box inside the rearing pen?
Answer: d. This protects kid from catching pneumonia during cooler months
19. This is a feeding facility made from bamboo tube that contains ordinary salt for the
goat to lick on.
Answer: d. Mineral box
20. Which of the following is a place for sick animals to avoid spread of diseases?
Answer: b. Isolation area
21. What is the main function of a loafing area?
Answer: d. An area for gathering all animals before and after letting them loose in
pasture
22. The following are considered as a good fencing materials for goat except one
because it might cause bruise to the animals:
Answer: a. Barbed wire
23. A frame or stand where forages or fodders are stored under a shed adjacent to the
goat shed.
b. hay rack
24. What is the ideal feeding space area for a mature goat?
Answer: c. 40 cm
25. In a loafing area, how many heads can be accommodated into 100-150 sq. m?
Answer: c. 50 heads
Motivation:
Show two different pictures, one (Picture A) that displays a farm in a good site and
the other (Picture B), near a thickly populated area.
Guide Questions:
Which of the two pictures is acceptable to adopt? Why?
What would be the consequences if you adopt Picture B for your site selection?
What is the importance of housing to animals?
Lesson 1 SELECT SITE FOR GOAT/SHEEP PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
This lesson focuses on the selection of site for goat/sheep project. It also directs the
learners to the different factors that should be considered during site selection.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Identify factors to consider in selecting site for goat/sheep project;
2. Select ideal site for the project; and
3. Appreciate the value of site selection.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. This refers to the contour/elevation of the area where the project will be
located.
Answer: c. topography
2. Which should be considered when project should be accessible to any vehicle?
Answer: transportation
3. What factor is needed for cleaning the quarters, washing the animals and
equipment and safe drinking purposes?
Answer: c. water supply
market?
Answer: a. distance from the market
moistened ground.
Answer: b. types of soil
Presentation of Content
A. KNOW
The teacher will discuss the factors to consider in selecting a good site for goat
houses.
Guide Questions:
o What is a site?
It refers to a piece of land where a building was, is or will be situated (Oxford
Students Dictionary, 2007)
o Why should a goat raiser select a good site for a goat project, especially a
commercial one?
Site selection should be done rigorously because once it has been established,
it is very expensive to relocate a farm.
o Discuss each factor in site selection.
Topography It refers to the contour/elevation of the area where the project
will be located. The area must be gently or slightly sloping with good drainage and
aeration but safe from typhoons or strong winds.
Water supply The project should be located where there is a good supply of
potable water. Water pumps should be properly installed within the project area.
The animals need ad libitum supply of safe drinking water, as well as water for
cleaning the quarters and for washing the animals and equipment.
Transportation The project should be near the road which is wellconstructed or developed.
Peace and order If possible the project should be located in a community
where peace and order situation is not a problem.
Types of soil Generally, the soil should be light and sandy. Goat and sheep
are not adapted to moistened soil.
Distance from populous area The animal house should be far enough from
the neighborhood due to the foul odor that the flock emits.
Distance from farm to market It is always advantageous to locate the
project in an area where forage grows and it must be near the market center.
B. PROCESS
Directions: Identify the factor being described by each of the following sentences.
Choose only the letter of your answer from the given choices in the box.
a. Topography
e. Types of soil
i. Benches
b. Water supply
f. Housing
j. Inclement weather
c. Windbreaks
g. Transportation
k. Peace and order
d. Distance from
h. Distance from farm to
l. Well-being
populated area
market
1. The project should be near the road which is well-constructed or developed for
easy delivery of the inputs and shipping out the products to the market.
Answer: g. Transportation
2. This refers to the contour of the area.
Answer: a. Topography
3. It immediately provides information on the changes or fluctuation of prices for the
product and by-product.
Answer: Distance from farm to market
4. It protects animals from inclement weather, diseases, and predators.
Answer: Housing
5. This factor should be porous as goats are not adapted to moistened ground.
Answer: Types of soil
6. Its abundance is necessary for drinking, cleaning and washing the quarters and
equipment for the animals.
Answer: Water supply

7. A facility that could satisfy the preference of goats for elevated platforms.
Answer: Benches
8. The project should be properly situated and safe from burglars and thieves.
Answer: Peace and order
9. This project should be far enough from the neighborhood due to the foul odor that
the flock emits.
Answer: Distance from populated area
10. Trees are barriers from strong winds and keep the freshness and coolness of the
air during warm months.
Answer: Windbreaks
Directions: Fill up the underlines inside circles with the different factors that is
considered when selecting a site for small ruminants.
C. UNDERSTAND
Directions: Explain each word or phrases briefly.
1. Topography
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. Water supply
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Transportation
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Peace and order
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. Types of soil
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. Distance from populous area
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
7. Distance from farm to market
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
D. TRANSFER
Directions: Ask the learners to survey a place in the vicinity or in your own school
where goatery could be possibly put up. Use the table below as your reference. Put a
check mark ( ) under Feasible, if it is so, put a check mark ( ) under Not Feasible, if
it is not. Discuss your observations in front of your class.
Factors
Feasible
Not Feasible
Topography
Water Supply
Transportation
Peace and Order
Types of Soil
Distance from populous area
Distance from farm to market
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the choices. Write your answer on your
activity notebook paper.
1. This refers to the contour/elevation of the area where the project will be
located.
Answer: c. topography
2. Which should be considered when project should be accessible to any vehicle?
Answer: d. transportation
3. What factor is needed for cleaning the quarters, washing the animals and
equipment and safe drinking purposes?
Answer: c. water supply
market?
Answer: a. distance from farm to market
moistened ground.
Answer: b. types of soil
SUMMARY
Like any business enterprise, a goat/sheep raising project should be carefully
planned to ensure success. Important factors such as topography, water supply,
transportation, peace and order, types of soil, and the distance from the neighborhood
and the market should be taken into consideration.

Lesson 2 HOUSING SMALL RUMINANTS
INTRODUCTION
This lesson presents the principles and recommendations concerning housing for
small ruminants. It includes the different local materials that can be used in the
construction of the house and the recommended space requirement for particular stage
of growth of the animals.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct letter of your answer from the given choices and write it on
Answer: c. It facilitates the cleaning of manure.
Answer: c. 6 sq. m
Answer: c. galvanized iron
Answer: d. sidings
5. Why is concrete post more preferable to use than wooden post in commercial scale
farming?
Answer: a. it provides durability.
A. KNOW
The teacher will discuss the importance of housing to small ruminants, the pointers
to consider when constructing goat/sheep house, flooring requirement, as well as
requirements for the pens and partitions, and roof and its design.
Guide Questions:
o Why is an elevated flooring preferable for raising goats?
First, this is preferred by the animals themselves; second, this allows easy
cleaning of manure resulting good ventilation.
o What are the locally found materials used for a goat house?
These are cogon, nipa, anahaw leaves, and bamboo.
o Why should a buck pen be located beside the pen of dry does and doeling?
The presence of the buck near the pen of female breeders helps to stimulate
the does and the doelings to be in heat.
o What should be considered when constructing a roof for a goats house?
It should be reasonably economical and the design should ensure adequate
ventilation.
B. PROCESS
Activity 1
Directions: Identify the parts of the two (2) pictures below. Choose the correct answer
from the given choices below the pictures. Write the answer at the pointed part of the
arrow.
Galvanized iron
roofing
Feed trough
Ladder
Brooder box
Lumber slabs
Slatted flooring
Hay rack
Waterer
Bench
Wire mesh
Activity 2
Directions: Require the students to go to the goat project and inspect if the goat house
has the following fixtures or facilities. Write your corresponding remarks, if it is still in
good condition or it needs a repair, opposite the fixtures.
C. UNDERSTAND
Activity 1
Directions: Make a list of comparison and contrast between the two types of goat
projects.
D. TRANSFER
Activity 1
Directions: Guide the learners to construct or repair a simple goat house in your goatery
project using durable and locally-found materials. This house is intended for a pair of
native goat. Compute for the floor area by applying the formula.
The following is a rubric to score the outputs:
Criteria
Excellent
100% - 94%
1. Use of appropriate
tools
2. Use of appropriate PPE
3. Application of safety
procedure
4. Use of durable
materials
5. Observing cooperation
6. Cleaning and storing
tools
7. provides proper
disposal of waste
materials
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
RATINGS
Very
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
93%-87%
86%-81%
Fair
80%-75%
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the answer from the given options. Write the letter that corresponds
to your answer on your activity notebook.
1. Why is elevated flooring required for constructing a house for goats?
Answer: c. it facilitates the cleaning of manure.
2. What is the total area needed to house a pair of goats?
Answer: c. 6 sq. m
3. The following are used as roofing materials for small scale goats house, except:
Answer: c. galvanized iron
Answer: d. sidings
a. partition b. post
d. roof
d. sidings
5. Why is the concrete post preferable to the wooden post in commercial scale
farming?
Answer: a. it provides durability.
SUMMARY
Housing is a basic requirement in goat/sheep production. This protects animals from
inclement weathers and predators. House for backyard scale do not need to be
expensive. Locally-found materials like cogon, anahaw and bamboo are excellent
resources for this ruminants. The design should be in accordance to the needs of the
animals for them to be productive. Likewise, elevated house is preferable to construct to
keep proper ventilation inside the house and to permit periodic cleaning of waste matter
underneath. In constructing house, the welfare of the animals is the primary
consideration.
Lesson 3 PROVIDE EQUIPMENT AND OTHER FACILITIES IN GOAT/SHEEP PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the different equipment and facilities in a goat/sheep.
Equipment such as feeding trough, waterer and mineral box are identified in this topic. It also
gives an over view on various facilities like loafing and isolation areas and the significance of
installing perimeter fence of the project.
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify important equipment and facilities needed by goat/sheep;
2. Discuss the importance of the different facilities in that goat/sheep
project;
3. Construct simple equipment for the animals; and
4. Provide and install durable perimeter fence to enclose the project.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on your activity notebook.
Answer: a. feeding trough
drink in.
Answer: c. pails and drums
goat to lick on.
Answer: d. mineral box
Answer: b. isolation area
pasture
7. The following are considered as a good fencing materials for goat, except one
goat shed.
Answer: b. hay rack
Answer: c. 40 cm
Answer: c. 50 heads
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses feeding equipment and other facilities inside and outside the
goat house.
Guide Questions:
o What are the important equipment and facilities that a goat raiser should provide
for goats?
They are: feeding trough, water trough, kid boxes, fodder rack, mineral box,
hay rack, isolation area or quarantine area, loafing area and fence.
o Why is it necessary to construct an isolation or quarantine area for a goat project?
This is necessary for the isolation of sick animals to control the rapid spread
of highly infectious disease.
o What is the importance of providing a loafing area for the goats?
This serves as exercise area, and an area for gathering all the animals before
they are let loose to the pasture, and before they are driven back to their
respective pens.
o What consideration should be given emphasis when constructing a perimeter
fence for goats?
The height should be at least 1.5 meters in order to restrain the animals
successfully because goats are the hardest to confine. They have the ability
to climb and walk on slopes. Also, durability of the posts should be
considered to stand the pressure of the stretched mesh wire. Using barbed
wire should be avoided because this might injure or bruise the animals when
they exert effort to go outside the perimeter fence.
B. PROCESS
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letter to form a word that is being asked in each item.
Write the correct word on the space provided at the end of each statement.
1. DFEINEG RTOGUH This equipment is used to minimize feed wastage. __________
Answer: FEEDING TROUGH
2. LAPSCIT ASBIN This is used as water container for the animal to drink. __________
Answer: PLASTIC BASINS

3. DKI OBX It is a movable facility that protects the kid during cooler months. _______
Answer: KID BOX
4. ROFDDE ARCK It is a frame where fodder or silage are kept. ________
Answer: FODDER RACK
5. MENRIAL XOB It is a container for the ordinary table salt for the goats to lick on.
________ Answer: MINERAL BOX
6. YHA CARK It tis where the fodder/forage is being stored. ___________
Answer: HAY RACK
7. OISLTIAON EARA This a place where sick animals are kept. ___________
Answer: ISOLATION AREA
8. FLOAGIN RAEA It is an area or lot for the animals to exercise. ___________
Answer: LOAFING AREA
9. CEFNE It is a facility that enclosed animals inside the project. ___________
Answer: FENCE
C. UNDERSTAND
Directions: Discuss the function of the following equipment, materials and important
facilities.
1. Feeding trough
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Waterer ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Kid boxes ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Fodder rack
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. Mineral box
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. Hay rack
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
7. Isolation area
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8. Loafing area
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9. Fence ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
D. TRANSFER
Activity 1
Directions: Divide the class into five groups and let each group construct one from the
following feeding equipment:
a. Feeding trough
b. Waterer
c. Kid boxes
d. Fodder rack
e. Mineral box
The following is a rubric to score the outputs:
RATINGS
Excellent
Very
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Fair
100% - 94%
93% - 87%
86% - 81%
80% - 75%
Criteria
tools
2. Use of appropriate PPE
3. Application of safety
procedure
4. Use of durable
materials
tools
7. Proper disposal of
waste materials
Activity 2
Directions: Guide the students to repair or install a perimeter fence to enclose the project.
The teacher may use the following rubric when assessing the output from the suggested
activity:
RATINGS
Excellent
Very
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Fair
100% - 94%
93% - 87%
86% - 81%
80% - 75%
Criteria
tools
2. Use f appropriate PPE
3. Application safety
procedure
4. Use of durable
materials
tools
7. Proper disposal of
waste materials
POST-ASSESSMENT
Answer: a. feeding trough
drink in.
Answer: c. pails or drums
goat to lick on.
Answer: d. mineral box
Answer: b. isolation area
pasture
Answer: a. barbed wire
goat shed.
Answer: b. hay rack
Answer: c. 40 cm
Answer: c. 50 heads
SUMMARY
Even considered as the hardest animal to confined, goats should also be provided
the necessary equipment and facilities. These provisions are intended for the welfare of the
animals especially during rainy season when animals should be confined since they are
prone to pneumonia, a disease that usually occurs during wet months. A fence is also vital to
safeguard the animals from predators like stray dogs.
POST-ASSESSMENT
1. This refers to the contour/elevation of the area where project will be situated.
Answer: c. Topography
2. Why is there a need to house animals?
Answer: c. It reduces internal parasite infestation.
3. Why do farmers prefer to build elevated house for the goats?
Answer: d. It facilitates cleaning and provides ventilation.
4. What should be a raisers priority when putting up a perimeter fence for the animals?
Answer: d. Safety and well-being of the animals
5. This facility is necessary where sick animals are kept to control rapid spread of
infectious diseases among animals.
Answer: a. Isolation area
6. What is the recommended floor space area for a breeding male (buck)?
Answer: c. 2.0 m2
7. What is the recommended housing space for bred ewes in a confinement (slatted
floor)?
Answer: 8 10 sq. feet
8. What factor is needed for cleaning the quarters, washing the animals and equipment
and safe drinking purposes?
Answer: c. Water supply
market?
Answer: d. Transportation
moistened ground.
Answer: b. Types of soil
Answer: It facilitates the cleaning of manure.
Answer: c. 6. sq. m
Answer: c. Galvanized iron
Answer: d. sidings
15. Why is concrete post more preferable to use than wooden post in commercial
scale farming?
Answer: a. It provides durability.
Answer: a. Feeding trough
drink in.
Answer: c. Pails or drums
goat to lick on.
Answer: d. Mineral box
Answer: b. Isolation area
pasture
goat shed.
Answer. b. hay rack
Answer: c. 40 cm
Answer: c. 50 heads
SUMMARY
Housing is a basic necessity for goat/sheep. This secures the animals from inclement
weather, stray animals and other predators, and from thieves. Housing goat/sheep is not
necessarily constructed with expensive materials. Locally-found materials such cogon,,nipa,
and bamboo good sources for a goat house. Equipment and materials are installed inside
the house to serve the needs of these animals such as waterer, feeder, and hay rack. Other
facilities that support the growth and efficiency of the animals should be considered. These
are, isolation area, loafing area, and fence.

(Specialization)
SECOND QUARTER
LO 2. SELECTING AND MANAGING BREEDER GOAT AND SHEEP
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates an understanding of goat and sheep breeds and their
management based on industry specifications.
The learner independently selects breeds of small ruminants and their management
based on their characteristics.
INTRODUCTION
People from the Middle East and Africa to Latin America prefer chevon or goat meat to
any other veal-like meat around the world. They even trade their money for them to have
these various breeds of goats both for their milk and meat (Marid Agribusiness, 2006). In the
Philippines, there are six breeds that could thrive well in this tropical area, and these breeds
can reach their potentials as milk and meat source.
This section discusses the reproductive phenomena of goat - one of them is the
detection of female in heat period. This part also guides interested individuals on to how
properly manage breeding and gestation periods. In case when these breeders do not show
any capacity to produce based on industry standards, raisers should resort to culling in order
to maintain the efficiency of the project. Likewise, other practices such as housing the
parent stock, feeding scheme and regular grooming are explained here.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. Identify suitable and superior breeds of goats and sheep based on industry standards;
2. Detect signs of heat among sexually mature does and ewes;
3. Detect signs of pre-heat, standing heat and post-heat states;
4. Mate breeder does and ewes with genetically superior rams/bucks;
5. Diagnose and confirm pregnant animals;
6. House breeder buck/rams and does/ewes;
7. Feed bucks and rams and does/ewes;
8. Perform regular grooming; and,
9. Cull unproductive buck/ram and does/ewes.
PRE ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the right answer from the given options. Write the letter that corresponds
1. Breed is defined as _________
Answer: d. a stock of animals within species having a distinctive appearance.
2. This breed has originated from England and is believed as one of the ancestors of
the Philippine sheep.
Answer: b. Shropshire
3. How are you going to select the best breeder from your stock?
Answer: b. Through record or pedigree
4. The following are guides on how selection is done, except:
Answer: a. Select kids that have undesirable traits.
5. Breeding is defined as _________.
Answer: d. the process of choosing the best animal in the herd.
6. If you are going to cross a 100% Purebred Boer to a (75% Anglo Nubian x
25%Native), what is the probable bloodline of the produced progeny?
Answer: c. 50% Boer (37.5% Anglo Nubian 12.5% Native)
7. Which of the following is not a sign of estrous among breeder does?
Answer: c. Develops good appetite
8. The following are breeds of goat, except:
Answer: d. Suffolk
9. This breed is known to have the longest milking period.
Answer: c. Saanen
10. It is a breed of sheep that is characterized by the black color on its under part that
completely extends up to neck and the inside of the legs.
Answer: a. Barbados Blackbelly
11. This breed is known to be the finest wool producer.

Answer: c. Merino
12. A breed of sheep that has originated from Merino breed.
Answer: b. Philippine Sheep
13. Selection is best defined as ________________.
Answer: d. the systematic way of choosing the desired characteristics of goat/sheep
for breeding purposes.
14. What best defines pedigree?
Answer: c. It is the record of bloodlines of the ancestors of the animals.
15. The following are ideal characteristics of animal carcass except:
Answer: d. Maximum amount of water
16. Which of the following does not directly affect the milk yield of a lactating
does/ewes?
Answer: b. Color and other markings
17. Which of the following is not an important trait for selection?
Answer: b. Color and size of ears
18. It contains a systematic, brief and ideal description of the different body parts of the
animal and their numerical values.
Answer: d. Score card
19. This is the cheapest breeding system that aims to increase the exotic bloodline of
usually native breed.
Answer: d. Upgrading
20. When a 100% Anglo-Nubian buck is mated to a doe which is 50% Anglo-Nubian
50% Native, what is the probable bloodline of their offspring?
Answer: b. 75%Anglo-Nubian 25%Native
21. What is the primary aim of a breeder when he practices purebreeding system in his
farm?
Answer: c. To maintain the purity of his stock
22. This breeding system involves the mating of two animals belonging to different
breeds.
Answer: a. Crossbreeding
23. Which of the following signs of estrous could give the best result in breeding?
Answer: d. Standing still when being mounted
24. Which of the choices is not a sign of pregnancy?
Answer: a.Frequent urination
25. This is the average gestation days of goats.
Answer: b. 150 days
Motivation:
Cabbage Paper
Hand the cabbage paper to one student and instruct him to peel-off one leaf
from it. Ask the student to read silently the word that has been written on the
crumpled paper. Then, the student will pass on the cabbage paper to his/her
seatmate and the same thing that will be done until all the leaves have been peeledoff (the words/terms are related to the topic, e.g. breed, culling, Saanen, Philippine
Goat and others). After which, ask the learners to write the word they have read
(written on the crumpled paper) on the board.
Guide Questions:
Are you familiar with the words written on the board?
Have you ever heard about Saanen or the Philippine goat? What do you know about
it?
Lesson 1 IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT BREEDS OF GOAT/SHEEP
INTRODUCTION
This lesson focuses on the different breeds of goats and sheep that exist under local
conditions. It also discusses the types of each breed and their prominent characteristics
such as body conformation, colors and markings, mature weights, average milk production
per day and average lactation days.
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify suitable breeds of goats/sheep and describe each breeds
characteristics;
2. Select breeding stocks based on industry standard; and
3. Appreciate the value of proper selection.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct letter of your answer from the given choices.
Answer: d. Suffolk
2. A breed of goat that has long, wide, and pendulous ear.
Answer: b. Anglo-Nubian
3. This breed is known for their erect ears and remarkable two white strips down to the
muzzle.
Answer: d. Toggenburg
Answer: c. Saanen
5. A breed of goat raised mainly for its meat.
Answer: a. Boer
6. It is a breed of sheep that is characterized by a black under part completely extends
up to neck and the inside of the legs.
7. A breed of sheep known for the wool and the meat that it produces.
Answer: d. Suffolk
Answer: c. Merino
9. This breed has originated in Indonesia and primarily is raised for ram fighting.
Answer: d. Priangan
10. A breed of sheep that has originated in the Merino breed.
A. Know
The teacher will present the Types and Breeds of Goat and Sheep through a power
point presentation.
Guide Questions:
o What is the difference between type and breed?
Breed is defined as a stock of animals within species having a distinctive
appearance and typically having been developed by deliberate selection.
Type refers to a group of animals with certain characteristics to distinguish
them from the other. Type determines which is to be raised for a certain
purpose.
o What are the three types of goat?
They are the meat type, dairy type, and dual purpose type.
o What are the types of sheep?
They are hair type, wool type and meat type.
o How are you going to determine one breed from another?
This is determined through colors and markings, position and size of the ears,
and milk production.
o When is the right time to inseminate an in-heat doe or ewe?
The doe should be bred at least 12 hours after the heat is first observed.
For example:
A doe in heat in the morning should be bred in the afternoon (of the
same day).
If in-heat in the afternoon, the doe must be bred in the morning of the
next day.
Does in estrous period of three (3) days can be bred on the third day.
B. PROCESS
Directions: Fill in the columns with specific breed under goat and sheep. The different breed
of ruminants are listed inside the box below. You may write your answer on your activity
notebook.
AngloNubian
Shropshire
Suffolk
Toggenburg
Priangan
Alpine
Philippine
Sheep
Barbados
Merino
Saanen
Native Goat
Boer
Blackbelly
Breeds of Goat
Breeds of Sheep
1. Anglo-Nubian
1. Shropshire
2. Toggenburg
2. Suffolk
3. Alpine
3. Priangan
4. Native Goat
4. Philippine Sheep
5. Boer
5. Barbados Blackbelly
6. Saanen
6. Merino
B. UNDERSTAND
Directions: Identify the different breeds of goat and sheep. Indicate some of their special
feature.
TRANSFER
Directions: Divide the class into five (5) group and require them to conduct a survey of
backyard goat raisers in the community. Following the column below, fill up and jot down the
breed, type and distinguishing features of each breed. Determine the most common breed
raised in the community. Have and interactive discussion regarding this activity. From here,
you may now decide what breed you are going to purchase and start with.
Breed
Distinguishing Features
Type
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the given choices.
Answer: d. Suffolk
2. A breed of goat with long, wide and pendulous ear.
Answer: b. Anglo-Nubian
3. This breed is known for their erect ears and a remarkable two white strips down to
the muzzle.
Answer: d. Toggenburg
Answer: c. Saanen
5. A breed of goat raised mainly for its meat.
Answer: a. Boer
7. A breed of sheep known for the wool and meat that it produces.
Answer: d. Suffolk
Answer: c. Merino
9. This breed has originated from Indonesia and primarily raised for ram fighting.
Answer: d. Priangan
SUMMARY
Breed is a good guide when choosing the type of animal to be raised. In raising goat,
Boer is reared for meat production, while Saanen, Toggenburg and Alpine are under dairy
type and the Anglo-Nubian breed serves as a dual purpose type. Likewise, sheep are also
raised for different purposes, the Barbados Blackbelly and the Priangan are raised for their
meat, and Shropshire, Suffolk and Merino are known for wool production.
Lesson 2 SELECTING ANIMALS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE
INTRODUCTION
This lesson presents the fundamental in selecting animals to be raised. It focuses on
the use of score card which considers mostly the good and weak points of the animal being
judged. However, a brief description on the important economic traits and tips for selection
were given as guide when choosing animal according to purpose.
OBJECTIVES
1. Define selection;
2. Enumerate and discuss important traits to be considered during selection; and
3. Appreciate the importance of using score cards in the selection process.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the answers on your
activity notebook.
Answer: c. It is the record of bloodlines of the ancestors of the animals
3. The following are ideal characteristics of animal carcass, except:
does/ewes?
5. Why birth weight is an important trait of animals?
Answer: d. Because this is directly related to the survival rate and growth
performance of young animals
6. The following traits are considered to be low or not heritable at all, except:
Answer: a. Birth weight
8. Which of the following characteristics of native does is not preferable for breeding
purposes?
Answer: b. Lumps at the udder area
9. The following choices are considered when selecting for breeder buck, except:
Answer: c. Most capricious based on feeding record
10. It contains a systematic, brief and ideal description of the different body parts of
the animal and their numerical values.
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses the content of Selection of Stock.
Guide Questions:
o What is selection?
It is the systematic way of choosing the desired characteristics of goat/sheep
o Why is selection important in raising small ruminants?
This ensures the choice of the best animals for reproduction.
o Why are grades or native animals more practical to start with?
Grades or native animals require less investment. Also, they are not as
sensitive as the purebreds in their requirement such as feeding, housing, and
rearing.
o What is a score card?
A score card is a method of judging which contains a systematic, brief, and
ideal description of the different body parts of an animal with their numerical
values based from industry standard. The total numerical point is always 100.
B. PROCESS
Activity 1
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and O if incorrect. Write your answer on your
activity note.
1. Selection is a way of choosing animals with desirable characteristics for breeding
purposes. Answer: T
2. The so-called Pedigree is also the market records of animals. Answer: O
3. A good breeder could efficiently convert feeds into meat. Answer: T
4. An animal that thrives in the existing local condition could give a better performance.
Answer: T
5. Purebreds are better to raise than grades or native animals. Answer: O
6. Female breeders that have been detected for lumps at udders should be discarded
from the breeding herd. Answer: T
7. One of the criteria for selection of breeders is the completeness of teeth. Answer: T
8. In crossing two breeds, one third (1/3) of the blood composition of the progeny will
be inherited from the buck. Answer: O
9. A good breeder has clear, bright eyes and a large open nostrils. Answer: T
10. Resistance to diseases is not always considered when choosing an animal for
breeding purposes. Answer: O
Activity 2
Directions: Determine whether the following traits are considered as Low or Not Heritable
Traits or Moderate to Highly Heritable Traits:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Birth weight
Estrus cycle
Litter size
Body length
e. Heart girth
f. Twinning
g. Growth rate
Low or Not
Heritable Traits
Moderate to
Highly Heritable
Traits
UNDERSTAND
Directions: Show a picture of a slaughter type goat/a dairy goat/buck in the class and let the
learners identify the body parts. Then ask them to briefly discuss the positive traits that the
animal possess.
Score rubric to be for the activity:

Score
Criteria
Identified 20 parts and above and able to discuss positive traits that
the animal should possess,
Identified 15-19 parts and able to discuss positive traits that the
animal should possess,
Identified 1- 4 parts and able to discuss positive traits that the

Directions: Discuss briefly some of the important economic traits to be considered during
selection:
1. Feed Conversion Ratio
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Reproductive Efficiency
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Growth Rate
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. Carcass Quality Characteristic
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Milk Yield
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. Birth Weight
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
D. TRANSFER
Directions: Apply the knowledge by selecting at least one Boer buck acquired from reliable
source as initial male parent stock for the school goat project. Provide the learners with a
score card for judging the Boer buck. Request also for its pedigree record if available. Select
also a native doe using score card from the project as the female parent stock.
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the answers on your
activity notebook.
3. The following are ideal characteristics of animal carcass, except:
does/ewes?
5. Why birth weight is an important trait of animals?
Answer: d. Because this is directly related to the survival rate and growth
performance of young animals
6. The following traits are considered to be low or not heritable at all, except:
Answer: a. Birth weight
8. Which of the following characteristics of native does is not preferable for breeding
purposes?
Answer: b. Lumps at the udder area
9. The following choices are considered when selecting for breeder buck, except:
Answer: c. Most capricious based on feeding record
10. It contains a systematic, brief and ideal description of the different body parts of
the animal and their numerical values.
SUMMARY
Good breeding stock is essential for the most profitable goat/sheep enterprise.
This greatly influenced the production of the herd. This is the reason why a goat/sheep raiser
aims to bring together the breeding stock that could produce a productive animal. In the
selection of breeder animals, emphasis must be placed upon the productiveness of the
animals in terms of prolificacy, growth rate, milk yield and the quality of carcass produce.
Lesson 3 BREED SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the different breeding systems employed in raising small
ruminants. This guides the learners on how to improve the breed of goat in the herd through
upgrading which is usually the practice of the backyard raisers. It also shows the important
points of each system.
OBJECTIVES
1. identify the different breeding systems
2. explain each breeding system
3. appreciate the value of improving the offspring of different breeds
PRE-ASSESSMENT
farm?
breeds.
5. Crossbreeding is practiced mainly to produce __________.
Answer: a. hybrid
6. The following are characteristics of a three-way cross animals, except:
Answer: Its economic return has no significant effect over native breeds
7. If a Boer buck is mated to an Anglo-Nubian doe, the system used is _________.
Answer: a. crossbreeding
8. A breeder farm wanted to develop new lines or breed. What system should be
employed to pursue the objective?

Answer: b. Inbreeding
9. Inbreeding is defined as __________.
Answer: c. mating of closely related animals
10. When a 100% Anglo-Nubian buck is mated 100% Native doe, what is the probable
bloodline of their offspring?
Answer: b. 50% Anglo-Nubian 50% Native kid
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses the content on Breeding System .
Guide Questions:
o What is breeding?
It is the multiplication of animals which includes selection and mating of
individual animals to reproduce their own kind.
o Discuss each breeding systems clearly using the diagrams that represents every
systems.
o Why is Three-Way Crosses (TWC) are better than other breeds?
The TWC breeds are superior over upgrades and natives in terms of growth
performance
Their birth weights are comparable with Boers
Their weaning weights are comparable with Anglo-Nubians which provide
better economic returns than raising upgrades and natives
B. PROCESS
Directions: Match Column A to Column B. Write the letter of your choice on your activity
notebook.
Column A
Column B
1. Crossbreeding
a. the mating of a native female to a purebred buck
2. Three Way Cross
b. a purebred buck is mated to a pure bred doe of
the same breed
3. Inbreeding
c. a mating of two animals belonging to different
breeds
4. Purebreeding
d. involves a three-breed where Boer bloodline is
mated to the terminal F3 of crossing Anglo-Nubian
and Native goats
5. Upgrading
e. heterosis or hybrid vigor
f. the mating of closely related animals
Answer Key:
1. c
2. d
3. f
4. b
5. a
UNDERSTAND
Activity 1
Directions: Explain the different breeding systems.
1. Upgrading or grading-up
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Pure breeding
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Inbreeding
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. Crossbreeding
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Three-way cross
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Activity 2
Directions: If it is accessible, proceed to a goat breeder farm and ask the Record-in-Charge or
the Breeding-in-Charge for the pedigree records of their breeders and try to analyze the
content. Try also to ask the following:
a. What breeding system they presently practice?
b. Why they continuously employ the system they have?
c. What particular breeds are raised as their breeders?
d. How they enable to preserve the efficiency of their breeders?
e. What are the problems they usually encounter during the process?
f. How they were able to solve it?
Make a report regarding the interview undergone and discuss it in front the class.
TRANSFER
Activity 1
Directions: Let learners discuss each breeding system using the diagram.
Scoring rubric:
Score
Criteria
5
Can discuss all 4 breeding systems clearly and accurately
4
3
2
1
No effort to discuss any breeding system
Directions: List the details on how to upgrade the native goat applying the method used in
the farm visited.
1. Secure the pedigree of the purebred animal acquired.
2. Prepare the schedules for breeding.
3. List possible problems may be encountered during the process.
4. List possible solutions to solve the problems.
POST-ASSESSMENT
farm?

breeds.
5. Crossbreeding is practiced mainly to produce __________.
Answer: a. hybrid
6. The following are characteristics of a three-way cross animals, except:
Answer: d. Its economic return has no significant effect over native breeds
7. If a Boer buck is mated to an Anglo-Nubian doe, the system used is _________.
Answer: a. crossbreeding
8. A breeder farm wanted to develop new lines or breed. What system should be
employed to pursue the objective?
Answer: b. Inbreeding
9. Inbreeding is defined as __________.
Answer: c. mating of closely related animals
10. When a 100% Anglo-Nubian buck is mated 100% Native doe, what is the probable
bloodline of their offspring?
Answer: b. 50% Anglo-Nubian 50% Native kid
SUMMARY
The four breeding system has its own merit. The breeding program followed is
different from each other. However, the goal that breeders wanted to acquire is the
improvement of the breed that they raised. Upgrading is considered as the cheapest system
to develop exotic bloodline of the typically native breed.
Lesson 4 DIFFERENT MATING SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
This lesson focuses on the different mating systems applicable for goat/sheep. It
discusses on the advantages and disadvantages of hand and pasture mating. It also shows
an insight for artificial insemination.
OBJECTIVES
1. Differentiate natural mating from artificial insemination;
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hand and pasture mating; and
3. Discuss artificial insemination in goat/sheep.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the answer from the options in each item and write it on your activity
notebook.
1. In hand mating, the method of raising buck is ____________.
Answer: b. complete confinement
2. The following are advantages of hand mating, except:
Answer: d. Additional expenses for the separate pen for the buck
3. Which of the following best described pasture mating?
Answer: d. The mating season usually takes naturally in the pasture.
4. Artificial insemination is defined as ____________.
Answer: d. it is a reproductive technology in which semen is collected from the buck
and used to breed does through artificial means
5. Which of the following materials is not used when performing AI?

Answer: b. Needle
6. This substance is used to dilute newly-extracted semen from only one ejaculation to
serve more does.
Answer: a. Extender
7. This is an equipment used to bred in-heat does.
Answer: a. Breeding stall
8. It is an instrument used to evaluate the semen motility.
Answer: b. Microscope
9. Which of the options below is the correct position of a doe while on stall to have a
successful insemination?
Answer: b. Elevate its rear quarter
10. This is the estimated number of sperm cells that constitute one dose of
insemination..
Answer: b. 120-125 million
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses the content in Mating Systems.
Guide questions:
o
What are the systems of breeding under natural mating? Discuss the two briefly.
Hand mating - It is the system where an in-heat doe is brought to the buck or
the buck is brought to the doe and mate.
Pasture mating it is the system where breeding naturally occurs in the pasture
because the buck is permitted to run with the herd throughout the year.
Define artificial insemination.
Artificial Insemination is a reproductive technology in which the semen is
collected from bucks and then used in fresh or frozen form to breed does through
artificial means.
B. PROCESS
Directions: Identify what is being described in each sentence. Choose only the letter of your
answer from the given choices in the box and write it on your activity notebook.
a. microscope
e. pasture mating
i. extender
b. 1 2 ml
f. genetics
j. 120 125 million
c. semen evaluation
g. artificial insemination
k. breeding stall
d. hand mating
h. elevate its rear parts
l. speculum
1. It is a natural way of mating, and if a doe is in-heat, it is either brought to the buck or
the buck is brought to the doe and mate, with or without the assistance of the
caretaker. Answer: d
2. A type of natural mating where bucks are permitted to run with the herd and
breeding naturally takes place. Answer: e
3. A reproductive technology in which semen is collected from the buck and used as
fresh or in frozen form to inseminate doe through artificial means. Answer: g
4. It is a term used to evaluate the semen motility and concentration. Answer: c
5. An equipment used when mating a buck and a doe. Answer: k
6. The amount of semen to be deposited into the cervix of a doe during insemination.
Answer: b
7. A material to be inserted first into the outer reproductive organ of a doe to locate the
cervix. Answer: l
8. The estimated number of sperm cells that constitute one dose of insemination.
Answer: j
9. It is the correct position of the doe to have a successful insemination. Answer: h
10. An instrument used to evaluate the semen motility. Answer: a
Activity 2
Directions: Answer the following briefly.
1. Differentiate natural mating from artificial insemination.
2. How is hand mating different from pasture mating?
Activity 3
Directions: List the advantages of hand and pasture mating under the positive sign and the
disadvantages of the two systems under the negative sign.
UNDERSTAND
Activity 1
Directions: Present a video clip or a power point presentation about the important details of
two (2) systems of mating:
1. natural mating of goat/sheep which include the hand and pasture mating
2. artificial insemination
Activity 2
Directions: Visit a goat/sheep farm for field exposure. Divide the class into two (2) groups.
One group is assigned to observe the actual mating of two animals and the other group will
witness actual inseminating a doe. Important fine points during the process shall be noted by
each group. Present the details during class interactive discussions.
The visitation also aims to open up the perception of the learners on what
system is adaptable and suited to apply in their goat project.
TRANSFER
Directions: Proceed to the school goat project and evaluate the project to what breeding
system is suited to employ. Make a report that justifies the choice why a particular system is
preferable to adapt.
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the answer from the options in each item and write it on your activity
notebook.
1. In hand mating, the method of raising buck is ____________.
Answer: b. complete confinement
2. The following are advantages of hand mating, except:
Answer: d. Additional expenses for the separate pen for the buck
3. Which of the following best described pasture mating?
Answer: d. The mating season usually takes naturally in the pasture
4. Artificial insemination is defined as ____________.
Answer: d. it is a reproductive technology in which semen is collected from the buck
and used to breed does through artificial means
5. Which of the following materials is not used when performing AI?
Answer: b. Needle
6. This substance is used to dilute newly-extracted semen from only one ejaculation to
serve more does.
Answer: a. Extender
7. This is an equipment used to bred in-heat does.
Answer: a. Breeding stall
8. It is an instrument to evaluate the semen motility.
Answer: b. Microscope
9. Which of the options below is the correct position of a doe while on stall to have a
successful insemination?
Answer: b. Elevate its rear quarter
10. This is the estimated number of sperm cells that constitute one dose.
Answer: b. 120-125 million
SUMMARY
The different mating systems has its own advantages and disadvantages. In hand
mating, the raiser monitors the dates of kidding. The raiser has enough time to prepare for
the kidding and lesser problem may be experienced but the systems needs additional
expenses since a stall or pen should be provided for the buck. While in pasture mating, no
extra pen is needed to separately confine the buck but an unexpected pregnancy of young
does may occur.
Lesson 5 BREEDING PRACTICES AMONG BREEDER ANIMALS
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals breeding practices among breeder animals. This also discusses the
signs of in-heat does and guides the learners to use the pregnancy table appropriately.
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the breeding practices for does and buck;
2. Enumerate the signs of heat of estrous among female breeders;
3. Assist animals for natural mating ;
4. Perform artificial insemination;

5. Compute for the kidding date based from the gestation table; and
6. Appreciate the importance of proper management practices among breeder
animals.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. At what age do puberty occurs to breeder does?
Answer: c. Between 5 6 months
2. This is the period intervening between conception and kidding.
Answer: b. Gestation
3. What age should a doe be bred to attain the best result?
Answer: b. 10 months
4. When mating is restricted, the doe should be bred at least 12 hours after the
heat is first detected. If you observe that the doe is in-heat at 6:00 am, at what
time should the animal be bred on that day?
Answer: c. 6:00 pm
5. The following are manifestations of estrous, except:
Answer: d. Develops good appetite
Answer: a. Frequent urination
Answer: b. 150 days
9. Which of the following is not a cause of low conception rate?
Answer: d. Proper timing of insemination
10. A doe has been bred on January 07, 2014, based from the gestation table,
when is the expected date to fresher?
Answer: a. June 06, 2014
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses the content in Management Practices Among Breeder Animals.
Guide questions:
o
How do you differentiate estrous cycle from estrus period?

Estrous cycle is the period intervening between 2 successive heat periods in the
absence of conception while estrus period is the time when doe shows interest to
buck and allows the animal to mount her.
Why is it better to breed a doe at 10 months old than at 8 months of age?
It is better to breed a doe at 10 months old than at 8 months because the raiser
will be able to establish the duration of estrus, estrous cycle, and the degree of
manifestation of estrus.
Why should a raiser refrain the buck to run with the herd in pasture?
The buck should be refrain from running with the herd in pasture to prevent
untimely breeding of young does. Breeding of immature female could impede
their growth, shrink their vigor and produce offspring of low birth and weaning
weights.
B. PROCESS
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letter to form a word that is being asked in each item.
Write the correct word on the space provided at the end of each statement.
1. BEPURTY This is the period of sexual maturity. __________
Answer: PUBERTY
2. SUERTS CLYEC The period intervening between two successive heat periods in
the absence of conception. __________
Answer: ESTRUS CYCLE
3. ROSEUST It is the period when doe shows interest to a buck and allows the
animal to mount her. _______
Answer: ESTROUS
4. NOVUATIOL The shedding of the eggs from the ovary after the onset of their
estrous. ________
Answer: OVULATION
5. STATIONGE It is also termed as pregnancy period or the period intervening
between conceptions and kidding. ________
Answer: GESTATION
UNDERSTAND
Activity 1
Directions: Present a video clip or power point presentation showing details and important
parameters about replacement breeders that shows sexual maturity up to its breeding
period. The presentation will give the learners an idea on how they will accomplish the given
sample record below. This record will enable the learners to follow the breeding practices
apply to young does/ewes.
Sample Record for Replacement/Young Breeders (Does/Ewes)
Ear Number/Ear Tag
Date Born:
of the animal:
Date when first heat period observed:
Signs:
Date of in-heat period at 10 months old:
Signs:
Date and time of in-heat period:
Date and time first served:
Date and time second served:

Expected date to kid:
Date (after 21 days from breeding):
Signs of heat recurrence:
When there is no heat recurrence, observe for any signs of pregnancy to occur.
Signs of pregnancy:
Note: The record is applicable in controlled or hand mating.

Sample Record of Boar Services
Ear Number/Ear Tag of the Animal:
Breed:
Date Born:
Date of First Service at 8 months:

Controlled Mating 4 matings only per
week up to one year old
Date Served
Remarks ( + or -)
Succeeding services at 1 year old

onward.
Date Served
Remarks ( + or -)
Activity 2
Directions: Using the table of gestation, compute for the expected date of kidding of the
following dates of breeding:
Breeding Date
1. January 14, 2015
2. February 10, 2015
3. June 22, 2015
Expected Date to Kid

_________________
_________________
_________________
4. August 31, 2015

5. December 31, 2015
Answer Key:
1. January 13, 2015
2. July 10, 2015
3. November 19, 2015
4. January 28, 2016
5. May 30, 2016
D. TRANSFER
_________________
_________________
Activity
Directions: Proceed to your goat project and observe if any of the animals is in heat. Assist
the animal for mating. Record the breeding date for you to know the due date of the doe to
kid. You will be assessed through the use of the rubric score.
Criteria
Points
Right time to breed (standing heat)
30
Proper breeding technique
30
Sanitation
20
Care for the animals
10
Proper recording
10
Total:
100
POST-ASSESSMENT
1. At what age do puberty occurs to breeder does?
Answer: c. Between 5 6 months
2. This is the period intervening between conception and kidding.
Answer: b. Gestation
3. What age should a doe be bred to attain the best result?
Answer: c. 10 months
4. When mating is restricted, the doe should be bred at least 12 hours after the heat
is first detected. If you observe that the doe is in-heat at 6:00 am, at what time
should the animal be bred on that day?
Answer: c. 6:00 pm
5. The following are manifestations of estrous, except:
Answer: d. Develops good appetite
Answer: a. Frequent urination
Answer: b. 150 days
9. Which of the following is not a cause of low conception rate?
Answer: d. Proper timing of insemination
10. A doe has been bred on January 07, 2014, based from the gestation table, when
is the expected date to fresher?

Answer: a. June 06, 2014
SUMMARY
Proper monitoring on the signs of estrus is very important in breeding goats/sheep.
This is very useful in hand mating and artificial insemination. In addition, gestation table
guides learners to compute for the expected date of kidding among pregnant does.
Lesson 6 PROPER FEEDING, GROOMING AND CULLING AMONG BREEDER
ANIMALS
INTRODUCTION
This lesson presents proper feeding and grooming bucks/rams. It also give insight in
culling undesirable and unproductive breeders in the herd.
OBJECTIVES
1. Feed the bucks/rams properly;
2. Groom the animals for comfort;
3. Discuss culling and its importance;
4. Identify undesirable traits of animal for culling; and
5. Appreciate the value of proper feeding, grooming and culling.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. This is the season when a buck is drained of its vitality and vigor.
Answer: a. Breeding season
2. Aside green feeds, what are these concentrates offered to the buck to
supplement its diet?
Answer: a. Corn and rice bran
3. Why goats need grooming?
Answer: c. It adds comfort to the animals and reduces lice infestation.
4. Culling is defined as ___________________.
Answer: d. process of eliminating undesirable and unproductive animals in the
breeding herd
5. The following are considered as unwanted traits of breeder animals, except:
Answer: d. Breeders that produce progenies with desirable traits
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses the content in Proper Feeding, Grooming and Culling among Breeder
Animals.
Guide questions:
o
o
Why is feeding essential to breeding buck during breeding season?

Feeding is essential to buck during breeding season because the vitality and vigor
during this period is drained.
How is grooming done to breeder bucks?
Grooming the buck is done through clipping its hair, washing its face with soap
and water, and brushing its hair once a week. Proper grooming adds comfort,
health, and good appearance, reduces odor and controls lice infestation.
What is culling?
It is the process of eliminating undesirable and unproductive animals in the
breeding herd.
B. PROCESS
o
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and O if wrong and write it on your activity
notebook.
1. The feeding of buck should be given special attention during breeding season.
Answer: T
2. Monggo and copra meal are best sources of carbohydrates for bucks. Answer: O
3. Peanut hay is an example of leguminous vines that a buck can feed on. Answer: T
4. Giving one good brushing per week is good to goats. Answer: T
5. Culling is the process of eliminating undesirable and unproductive animals in the
herd. Answer: T
6. Culled animals should be retained in the project. Answer: O
7. Does/ewes that do not settle in spite of repeated mating with a proven buck
should be culled. Answer: T
8. Breeders with deformities should be recommended for culling. Answer: T
9. Does/ewes that have difficulty in kidding will be given a chance to stay in the
herd. Answer: O
10. Prolapse uterus in does/ewes is a good reason for culling. Answer: T
C. UNDERSTAND
Directions: Cite important points with regards to the following practices:
1. Feeding the buck/ram
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Proper grooming
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Culling
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Directions: Enumerate some undesirable traits of breeder animals recommended for culling.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________
D. TRANSFER
Directions: Visit a goat project in the vicinity and evaluate existing breeders and the available
replacement breeders (young bucks/rams and does/ewes). Rate the animal individually. Use
the following table and make a list of your observations with regards to the physical
appearance and production record of each animal.
Ear number of the animal:
Reasons for culling
Date born:
Breed:
Present your work to the class for interactive discussion.

Post-Assessment
1. This is the season when a buck is drained of its vitality and vigor.
Answer: a. Breeding season
2. Aside green feeds, what are these concentrates offered to the buck to
supplement its diet?
Answer: a. Corn and rice bran
3. Why goats need grooming?
Answer: c. It adds comfort to the animals and reduces lice infestation.
4. Culling is defined as ___________________.
Answer: d. process of eliminating undesirable and unproductive animals in the
breeding herd
5. The following are considered as unwanted traits of breeder animals, except:
Answer: d. Breeders that produce progenies with desirable traits
Summary
Culling is a continuous process. This is done based on the reproductive performance,
physical appearance and health status of the breeders. It should be done periodically to
maintain the farm efficiency.
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the right answer from the given options. Write the letter that corresponds
1. Breed is defined as _________
Answer: d. a stock of animals within species having a distinctive appearance.
2. This breed has originated from England and is believed as one of the ancestors of
the Philippine sheep.
Answer: b. Shropshire
3. How are you going to select the best breeder from your stock?
Answer: b. Through record or pedigree
4. The following are guides on how selection is done, except:
Answer: a. Select kids that have undesirable traits.
5. Breeding is defined as _________.
Answer: d. the process of choosing the best animal in the herd.
6. If you are going to cross a 100% Purebred Boer to a (75% Anglo Nubian x
25%Native), what is the probable bloodline of the produced progeny?
Answer: c. 50% Boer (37.5% Anglo Nubian 12.5% Native)
7. Which of the following is not a sign of estrous among breeder does?

Answer: c. Develops good appetite
Answer: d. Suffolk
Answer: c. Saanen
Answer: c. Merino
15. The following are ideal characteristics of animal carcass except:
does/ewes?
18. It contains a systematic, brief and ideal description of the different body parts of the
animal and their numerical values.
farm?
breeds.
Answer: a.Frequent urination
Answer: b. 150 days
SUMMARY
There are several breeds of goats and sheep that could exist in Philippine condition.
These different breeds of these animals are bases on the type of animal to raise. In
selecting the stock to raise, feed conversion ratio, reproductive efficiency and growth rate
are just several traits that are of economic importance in this venture. To meet a higher
efficiency, native breeds are mated to purebreds to upgrade the bloodlines. The offsprings
of these parent stock are comparable to those purebreds in terms of birth weight and
weaning weight. To maintain the productivity of the project, periodic culling is programmed
to eliminate undesirable and unproductive animals in the herd.

(Specialization)
THIRD QUARTER
LO 3. MANAGE DOES/EWES AND THEIR PROGENIES
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding on the proper management of female
breeders and their young.
The learner independently provides proper management to female breeders and their
young.
INTRODUCTION
Herding the most capricious animals needs a multitude of little details. The word
capricious comes from the name of the goat, caprus. It means, the caretaker must have the
clinical eye to study how these animals should be managed accordingly.
Basic practices before and after kidding are introduced in this module. Included here
are the following: monitoring of approaching kidding/lambing, proper way of disposing
afterbirth or dead fetuses, and assisting the kids/lamb to suckle colostrum. Other integral
management practices applied are: eartagging or ear notching, disbudding the kid at
appropriate time, castrating undesirable males, weaning kid/lamb from its mother, providing
proper housing and practicing a good feeding scheme. These practices should not be
neglected to attain a successful venture.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Monitor signs of approaching kidding/lambing

Dispose placenta and dead kids/lambs properly
Assist kids/lambs to suckle colostrum
Identify kids/lambs through ear tags/notches
Disbud growing kids/lambs appropriately
Wean lambs/kids properly at 3 months from birth
Dehorn growing male and female animals
Castrate male animals not intended for breeding purposes
Keep lactating goats and sheep in a clean and quiet environment
10. Separate lactating goats from the breeder males

11. Provide forage grasses, concentrate, other feed supplements and adequate water
supply.
PRE ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read each items carefully and choose the right letter of your answer. Write it on
1. Kidding is the act of giving birth among__________.
Answer: a. goats
2. These are considered as good bedding materials for a newly-kidded doe.
Answer: d. Dried rice straw and banana leaves
3. The following choices characterizes an ideal and comfortable pen for a doe that is
about to kid, except:
Answer: a. Damp stall
4. Which of the following options is not considered during the preparation of materials
for the doe prior to kidding?
Answer: d. Anti-tetanus toxoid
5. What possible action should a raiser be done when he/she observes that a doe
experiences difficulty in kidding?
Answer: c. Do the manual extraction
6. The process of putting ear tag into the ear of a goat.
Answer: d. Ear tagging
7. The process of removing testicles among male kids/lambs.
Answer: a. Castration
8. Disbudding is best defined as ______.
Answer: c. removal of horn bud.
9. Which among the tools below is used in docking the tail of a lamb?
Answer: d. Elastrator with rubber band
10. Tail docking is usually done best at:
Answer: c. 7 10 days old
11. To identify animals, we need to _______
Answer: d. put markings or ear tag.
12. Disbudding is done _________
Answer: d. to prevent injury among animals.
13. The following are tools that can be used in hoof trimming, except:
Answer: b. Elastrator
14. This is known as a bloodless method of castration through the use of an instrument
that crushes the blood vessels in the spermatic cord.
Answer: a. Burdizzo method
15. Weaning is best defined as ____________.
Answer: c. separating kid from its mother doe
16. Why colostrum is important to newly-born kid?
Answer: d. It contains antibodies that protect kids from infections.
17. If in case doe dies after kidding, what preparation should be given to the orphaned
kid in substitute to colostrum?
Answer: c. Little amount of milk mixed with the white of fresh egg
18. Based from the dentition of a goat/sheep, how many permanent incisors should be
seen in a 1year-old animal?
Answer: a. 2
19. Why should a buck kid be separated from the kid herd?
Answer: d. To prevent doe kid from being bred too young
20. How much crude protein should be allotted to lactating does?
Answer: c. 16 20%
21. Why should we separate the buck from the milking herd?
Answer: a. To avoid tainting in the milk
22. Which is not considered if a raiser wants to get the best milking results?
Answer: a. Aggressiveness
23. This is the main feed for doe or ewes.
Answer: d. Roughages
24. Which of the following is not included in preparing the doe before milking?
Answer: c. Excite the doe before the process starts
25. To increase the milk production, doe should be given concentrates containing
_______.
Answer: c. 16 20%
MOTIVATION:
Word Hunt
M
K
The 15 words below can be found at the table above. Look for them and enclose each.
Eartag
Wean
Doe
Kidding
Disbud
Dehorn
Lamb
Lactating
Progeny
Hooftrim Dewattle
Placenta
Colostrum
Dock
Milking
Were you able to find the 15 words? Now, transfer the remaining letters to the lines
below to form a phrase which is the main topic. Start at the upper left
hand corner of the table.
__ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ / __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Guide Questions:
1. What are does and ewes?
2. What about the word progenies?
What practices a raiser should implement for an efficient farming?
Lesson 1 MONITORING AND ASSISTING KIDDING/LAMBING

INTRODUCTION
This lesson focuses on the proper management of kidding/lambing in doe/ewe. It
includes the preparation of material needed prior to kidding, care for the doe before and
after kidding, correct procedure when the animal experiences difficulty in kidding and the
care for the newly-born kid.
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the signs of animal that is about to kid;
2. Assist the doe during kidding;
3. Follow the correct procedure to be done when doe experiences difficulty in kidding;
and
4. Appreciate the importance of proper management for the doe and its young.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the given options and write it on your activity
notebook.
Answer: a. goat
Answer: d. dried rice straw and banana leaves
Answer: a. damp stall
Answer: d. anti-tetanus toxoid
Answer: c. do the manual extraction
6. Which of the options below is first to be considered when manual extraction is to be
done?
Answer: d. trim nails to avoid tissue lacerations inside the birth canal.
7. What is the ideal length when cutting an umbilical cord?
Answer: c. 2.0 3.0 cm from the base of the navel
8. This is the first milk that should be taken by the newly-born kid from its mother doe.
Answer: a. colostrum
9. How should a raiser keep the excess colostrum for future use?
Answer: a. store it in freezer
10. The following are good management practices for the newly-born kids when lactating
does are intended for milking purposes, except:
Answer: b. keep the beddings of the kids wet and muddy
PRESENTATION OF CONTENT
A. Know
The teacher discusses Management Practices during Kidding and Care of the Kid.
Guide Questions:
o What is kidding?
It is an act of giving birth to a young among goats.
o How do you prepare a kidding pen for the doe which is about to kid?
Prior to the expected date to deliver the young, provide the pregnant doe a
comfortable kidding pen. This should be cleaned thoroughly, disinfected, and
well-lighted.
o What is colostrum?
It is the first milk of the mother goat and functions both as laxative and
internal antiseptic for the newborn kid.
B. PROCESS
Activity 1
Directions. Identify the word being asked in each item. Choose the right word inside the box
below and write it on your activity notebook.
lambing
water bag
amniotic bladder
colostrum
dried banana leaves
oxytocin
1. This is considered good bedding material for newly-born kids.

Answer: dried banana leaves
2. When a doe is about to deliver, this material usually appears on the outside of the
rear part (vulva) of the animal.
Answer: water bag
3. This is the second bag which appears significantly with the fetus after the first bag
ruptures.
Answer: amniotic bladder
4. This is the first milk that is very important for a newly-born kid to suckle because of
its beneficial content.
Answer: colostrum
5. It is the act of delivery in sheep.
Answer: lambing
Activity 2
Directions: Pick out from the box all necessary materials to be used during the kidding. Paste
each on the board.
C. UNDERSTAND
Direction: Divide the class into 4 groups and assign each group with a sub-topic about the
lesson. Research further and present the output to the class through power point
presentation. The sub-topic are as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Signs of approaching kidding

Step to undertake manual extraction
Steps as soon as kid/lamb is expelled
Care for the newly-born kid/lamb
TRANSFER
Direction: Proceed to the goat project of your school and ask the project-in-charge if there are
does about to kid. The TLE teacher will guide the learners during the process. The following
activities to be done by the learners are as follows:
a. Prepare the materials needed
b. Monitor and assist the doe before and after the kidding
c. Do the manual extraction as needed
d. Apply basic management for the newly-born kid
Scoring Rubric
Kidding
Criteria
Rating
1. Assisting the doe in a right way
35
2. Complete material for kidding
25
3. Appropriate use of instruments
10
4. Cleanliness
10
5. Speed
10
6. Proper use of biologic
5
7. Work habit
5
Care for the kid
Criteria
2. Complete material for kidding
3. Appropriate use of instruments
4. Cleanliness
5. Speed
6. Proper use of biologic
7. Work habit
Rating
35
25
10
10
10
5
5
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the given options and write it on your activity
notebook.
Answer: a. goat
6. Which of the options below is first to be considered when manual extraction is to be
done?
Answer: d. Trim nails to avoid tissue lacerations inside the birth canal.
7. What is the ideal length when cutting an umbilical cord?
Answer: c. 2.0 3.0 cm from the base of the navel
8. This is the first milk that should be taken by the newly-born kid from its mother doe.
Answer: a. Colostrum
9. How should a raiser keep the excess colostrum for future use?
Answer: a. Store it in freezer
10. The following are good management practices for the newly-born kids when lactating
does are intended for milking purposes, except:
Answer: b. Keep the beddings of the kids wet and muddy
SUMMARY
Proper monitoring to does/ewes during kidding is a must although these animals
does not need so much assistance at this phase since support is only given when the
kidding/lambing animal experiences difficulty. However, correct procedure should be
followed to avoid complications to arise.
Lesson 2 PERFORM DIFFERENT PRACTICES FOR GROWING KIDS/LAMBS
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the different practices for growing kids/lambs. It includes ear
tagging, ear notching, dehorning, disbudding, hoof trimming, tail docking, weaning and
castrating kids/lambs. It also shows how age of animals is determine through dentition.
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the different practices involve for growing kids/lambs;
2. Perform ear tagging, ear notching, dehorning, disbudding, hoof trimming, tail docking,
weaning and castrating kids/lambs;
3. Determine the age of goats through dentition; and
4. Appreciate the importance of ear tagging, dehorning, disbudding, tail docking, hoof
trimming, weaning and castrating kids/lambs.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Choose the correct letter from the options and write it on your activity notebook.
3. The following are reasons why kids and lambs are castrated, except:
Answer: c. Castration preserves the bloodline of the breed
5. Why is it needed to dehorn a mature animal?
Answer: c. To avoid injuries during fighting among animals
7. The following are the positive results of trimming the hooves, except:
Answer: c. Prevent animal from moving
8. Weaned kids at the age of not less than three months should be given solid food
such as:
Answer: b. Concentrate and roughage
9. Based from the goats dentition, a goat with four large front teeth is estimated to be
a:
Answer: c. Two years old
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses Care and Management Practices for growing Kids/Lambs.
Guide Questions:
o Why you need to clean and disinfect all tools and instruments before using them
to perform a job for kids?
To protect the herd from harmful microorganisms that cause diseases
o What is the difference between ear tagging and ear notching?
Ear tagging placing of pre-numbered plastic or light metal object into the ear
of the animals.
Ear notching using of a sharp knife, pair of scissors, or notcher to carve
out numbers in the animals ears.
o Aside from the goats record, what else should be the bases for determining its
age? How?
Estimating the age of a goat can be done by looking at the teeth. Goats have
eight front incisors on the lower jaw. For animals younger than one year, the
set is complete; their small, sharp incisors are temporary. Yearlings have two
permanent front incisors; the rest of their teeth are temporary. A two-year old
goat has four large front teeth while a three-year old goat has six teeth. They
develop a complete set of incisors at the age of four. As goats grow older, the
teeth become worn out, spread far apart, become loose, and finally drop out.
B. PROCESS
Activity 1
Directions: Match Group A to Group B. Write the correct letter of your choice on your activity
notebook.
Group A
a. docking
f. selection
b. castration
g. weaning
c. dehorning
h. marking
d. ear notcher
i. hoof trimming
e. sharp chisel
j. disbudding
k. ear tag
Group B
_____ 1. Identifies ownership
_____ 2. A pre-numbered plastic as identification
_____ 3. Use to make notches on the ear
_____ 4. Removal of testicles of the male kids
_____ 5. Removal of horn buds
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
6. The removal of horn in mature goat

7. The trimming of hoof to prevent foot rot
8. A tool used to trim hoof
9. Cutting part of the tail
10. Separation of kid/lamb from the mother
Answer Key:
1. h
6. c
2. k
7. i
3. d
8. e
4. b
9. a
5. j
10. g
Activity 2
Directions: Discuss the importance of the following management practices involved in
growing kids/lambs.
1. Marking/Identification
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Castration
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. Disbudding
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4. Dehorning
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Taildocking
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. Hooftrimming
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
7. Weaning
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Activity 3
Directions: Estimate the age of a goat or sheep based from the dentition of the animal. Write
the answer on your activity notebook.
UNDERSTAND
Activity 1
Directions: Visit the goat/sheep project of your municipality and ask for demonstration with
regards to the following practices:
1. Marking/Identification
5. Tail docking
2. Castration
6. Hoof trimming
3. Disbudding
7. Weaning
4. Dehorning
Activity 2
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.
1. State the difference between ear tagging and ear notching.
2. Compare and contrast the Burdizzo Method and the Knife Method of castration.
3. Comparison and difference between the Burdizzo Method and the Elastrator Method of
castration.
4. Compare and contrast disbudding and dehorning.
5. Comparison and difference between the chemical method and hot-iron cautery method of
disbudding.
TRANSFER
Activity 1
Directions: Proceed to the goat project of the school and perform the following practices
based from the lectures and actual demonstrations by competent persons.
a. Ear tagging and ear notching
b. Castration using Burdizzo Method, Elastrator and Knife Method
c. Dehorning
d. Disbudding using chemical method and hot-iron cautery method
e. Tail docking
f. Hoof trimming
Scoring rubric:
Criteria
Rating
Correctness of procedure
40
Proper use of instruments
20
Care for the animal
20
Workmanship
10
Speed
10
Activity 2
Directions: Choose at least five (5) animals from different stages of growth and estimate
their age based from their dentition. Then compare the results of estimation from the record
kept. Use the table below for reference.
Animal Number
Estimated Age Through

Dentition
Record
1
2
3
4
5
POST-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the correct letter from the options and write it on your activity notebook.
1. The process of putting eartag into the ear of a goat.
3. The following are reasons why kids and lambs are castrated, except:
Answer: c. Castration preserves the bloodline of the breed
5. Why is it needed to dehorn a mature animal?
Answer: c. To avoid injuries during fighting among animals
7. The following are the positive results of trimming the hooves except:
Answer: c. Prevent animal from moving
8. Weaned kids at the age of not less than three months should be given solid food
such as:
Answer: b. Concentrate and roughage

9. Based from the goats dentition, a goat with four large front teeth is estimated to be
a:
Answer: c. Two years old
SUMMARY
Goats/sheep are easier to raise because they are smaller in size compare to
cattle and caracows. Nevertheless, different practices such as hoof trimming, castration,
dehorning, disbudding, ear marking, and tail docking should be done to attain their
potentials and produce profitably. Always bear in mind that before doing the job, see it that
all instruments needed are thoroughly cleaned and sanitized to avoid infections.
Lesson 3 CARE AND MANAGE LACTATING DOES/EWES
INTRODUCTION
This lesson deals with the care and management of lactating does/ewes. It also
provides insight on the hygiene and sanitation inside the lactating pen and proper milking
procedure.
OBJECTIVES
1. Feed the lactating does properly;
2. Separate lactating does from the herd;
3. Observe proper hygiene in lactating goat pen;
4. Perform proper milking procedure; and
5. Appreciate the importance of proper sanitation in the milking area.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Answer: d. roughages
_______.
Answer: c. 16% - 20% CP
A. KNOW
The teacher discusses Care and Manage Lactating Does/Ewes.
Guide questions:
o
How can a raiser increase the milk production of a lactating doe?

The milk production of a lactating doe can be increase by giving the animal good
quality forage and concentrates containing 16-20% crude protein. Provide it also
enough vitamins and minerals.

How should a lactating doe be kept?
The raiser should keep the lactating doe from noise and sight of strangers, these
could excite the animal and alters milk production.
B. PROCESS
o
Activity 1
Directions: Copy the activity below in your activity notebook. Answer it by ticking to what
classification do each feed belongs.
Feed
Grass
Legume
1. Centrosema
2. Guinea Grass
Concentrate
3. Corn grain
4. Soybean meal
5. Paragrass
Protein
Supplement
Activity 2
Directions: Copy the following in your activity notebook. Read and understand each activities
found at the middle column. If you think that the activity is supposed to be done, then mark
under Dos opposite the activity, if the activity is not proper to do, then mark under Donts
opposite the activity.
Dos
Routinely Activities for Lactating Does
1. providing enough vitamins and mineral
2. clip hair in the udder regularly
Donts
3. noise and strangers are observed
4. irregularity of milking
5. gentleness of the milker
6. comb and brush the goat well
7. wash hand well before milking the doe

8. clean the udder with plain water
9. dry the udder with clean towel after washing
10. milking is not delayed or ahead of time

11. shifting of milkers is regularly observed
12. discard the first squirt of milk
C. UNDERSTAND
Directions: Rearrange the following milking procedure into proper sequence by putting the
right number on the upper right corner of the picture.
D. TRANSFER
Directions: Coordinate to the Goat Project-in-Charge if there are a newly-kidded does that can
be milked. Ask him/her to demonstrate the proper milking procedure then a return
demonstration from anyone of the learner will do the procedure. The learner will be rated
using the following score rubric:
Criteria
2. Completeness of material for milking
3. Appropriate use of materials
4. Cleanliness
5. Work habit
POST-ASSESSMENT
Rating
35
25
10
15
15
_______.
Answer: c. 16% - 20% CP
Summary
Lactating does need proper feeding to increases its milk yield. During this phase,
the animal should be separated from the rest of the herd because noise and other untoward
incidence could affect the milk let down. Sanitation and hygiene should also be observed
inside and vicinity area of the milking parlor.
Post-Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of your answer. Write it on your
activity notebook.
Answer: a. goats

12. To identify animals, we need to _______
Answer: d. put markings or ear tag.
13. Disbudding is done _________
Answer: d. to prevent injury among animals.
14. The following are tools that can be used in hoof trimming, except:
Answer: b. Elastrator
15. This is known as a bloodless method of castration through the use of an instrument
that crushes the blood vessels in the spermatic cord.
Answer: a. Burdizzo method
15. Weaning is best defined as ____________.
Answer: c. separating kid from its mother doe
17. Why colostrum is important to newly-born kid?
Answer: d. It contains antibodies that protect kids from infections.
18. If in case doe dies after kidding, what preparation should be given to the orphaned
kid in substitute to colostrum?
Answer: c. Little amount of milk with the white of fresh egg
19. Based from the dentition of a goat/sheep, how many permanent incisors should be
seen in a 1year-old animal?
Answer: a. 2
20. Why should a buck kid be separated from the kid herd?
Answer: d. To prevent doe kid from being bred too young
21. How much crude protein should be allotted to lactating does?
Answer: c. 16 20%
_______.
Answer: c. 16 20%
SUMMARY
There are several care and management that should be considered to pregnant does
that is nearly to kid until the time their young will be weaned to live on their own.
Pregnant does, though these animals do not need close attention, still be given
necessary management, especially before and after kidding. Newly-born kids are given
enough attention especially on feeding management. As kids grow, several practices are
provided for them to be productive. Lactating does should not be neglected especially when
these animals are intended for milk production. Feeding them nutritious stuffs and giving
them enough care make these animals more productive.
Word Hunt
M
K
The 15 words below can be found at the table above. Look for them and enclose each
word.
Eartag
Wean
Doe
Kidding
Disbud
Dehorn
Lamb
Lactating
Progeny
Hooftrim Dewattle
Placenta
Colostrum
Dock
Milking
Were you able to find the 15 words? Now, transfer the first 31 remaining letters to
the line below to form a phrase which is the main topic. Start at the upper left hand
corner of the table.
MANAGE DOES/EWES AND
THEIR PROGENIES

SMALL RUMINANTS RAISING
THIRD QUARTER
Module No. 4 FEEDING SMALL RUMINANTS
Content Standards
The learner can explain proper pasture management and feeding practices based on the
recommended standards set by the Bureau of Animal Industry.
Performance Standards
The learner independently practices proper pasture management and feeding practices
according to industry standards.
Introduction
This module will teach you how to feed small ruminants properly, particularly
goats and sheep.
Likewise, it will help you understand how to establish and maintain pasture areas
for the herd including distinguishing the different pasture grasses, legumes and fodder
trees which are essential in feeding management and in the health and nutrition of goats
and sheep.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. establish a feeding guide following the animals nutritional requirements;
2. determine the feeding system for small ruminants;
3. provide forages, concentrates, and feed supplements;
4. make water available to animals;
5. establish and maintain a pasture area for the herd; and
6. search for alternative feed resources.
Pre-Assessment
Direction: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer in
_____1. This is the best, yet economical method of managing a herd and flock.
d. Providing herd and flock with fresh water, grasses and legumes
_____2. Ideally, how many heads of goats can be fed in a one-hectare well-developed
pasture?
d. 45 to 55 goats
_____3. These are chemical compounds included in animal rations but which do not
supply nutrients to the animals.
b. Feed Additives
_____4. This is a by-product of rice milling that can be used as goat feed.
c. Rice bran
_____5. This first milk secreted by the goat after kidding contains high antibodies.
a. Colostrum
c. Minerals
_____6. The following are examples of common grasses for goats EXCEPT ONE.
c. Pinto peanut
_____7. This microorganism is present in the root nodules of legumes which enables
them to manufacture their own nitrogen requirements.
b. Rhizobium
_____8. Ad libitum, a term given in feeding animals means _____________________
d. feeds are available at all times
_____9. These forage species with narrow leaves and pointed apex grows in vacant lots
and along road-sides and paddy fields.
b. Grasses
_____10. Mang Jose is looking for economical yet nutritious fodder tree as supplement
to grasses for goat feed. Which among the tree species would be best?
c. Ipil-ipil
_____11. The rate of weight gain per day of goat and sheep is __________.
b. 40-60 grams/day
_____12. These are feeds containing relatively large amount of fiber that provides bulk to
fill up the rumen.
d. Roughages
_____13. These include all grains and many by-products of grains and animals such as
rice bran, ground corn, soy bean oil meal, copra meal and bone meal and molasses.
a. Concentrates
_____14. These are organic compounds needed by the animals body in small amount
for maintaining vigor, health, and productivity.
d. Vitamin supplements
_____15. The following are examples of concentrates EXCEPT
c. Napier
_____16. The function of this is to supply NH2 for the rumen microbes to synthesize
microbial protein for the animal
d. Urea
_____17. This ingredient improves palatability and source of sodium and chlorine.
c. Salt
_____18. It is the process of preservation of the succulent or high quality forage under
anaerobic condition or the exclusion of air principally oxygen from the ensiled forages.
c. Silage
_____19. What is the quality of the silage if it has acid odor and taste; absence of molds,
with green color, pH value of 3.5 4.2, ammonia nitrogen is less than 10% of total
nitrogen.
d. Very Good
_____20. This feeding technology contains 30% more energy and twice more protein
compared to untreated one.
d. Urea Treated Rice Straw
_____21. Pinto peanut, siratro and centrocema are examples of ______________.
b. legumes
_____22. The following are advanatges of zero grazing EXCEPT ONE
b. It requires high management skills.
_____23. These are broadleaf species, noted for their high protein content and these
have root nodules with a microorganism known as rhizobium, which enable them to
manufacture their own nitrogen requirements.
c. Legumes
_____24. In this system of pasture utilization, the goats are allowed to graze in the
pasture area for at least eight hours a day and are only kept inside the house during the
unfavorable hours of the day and during bad weather.
a. Grazing system
_____25. It is a coarse leafy, deep rooted perennial with a typical stool forming habit and
its leaves are long and broad and well distributed along the stem.
b. Guinea grass
Direction. Distinguish the following forages into pasture grasses or legumes

__________1. Para grass
__________2. Soybean
__________3. Calopo
__________4. Guinea grass
__________5. Star grass
__________6. Napier
__________7. Pinto peanut
__________8. Centrosema
__________9. Alabang X
__________10. Siratro
Key to Correction:
1. Grass
6. Grass
2. Legume
7. Legume
3. Legume
8. Legume
4. Grass
9. Grass
5. Grass
10. Legumes
Motivation
Jumble the Letters
Steps:
1. The teacher divides the class into five groups.
2. Select five participants per group. After every word, change players.
2. Each group will be given an envelope containing the letters.
3. The teacher will read these instructions:
a. I will describe a term, you identify the it;
b. I will give the signal Go after you assemble the letters to form the correct term;
c. Tape the words you formed on the board.
d. If you hear the word Stop, then on everybody should stop and move away from
the board.
Suggested Terms to include in the activity are the following:

Feeds
Feeding
Nutrients
Ad libitum
Roughage
Concentrates
Feed Additives
Mineral Supplement
Vitamin Supplement
Tether
Lesson 1. FEEDS AND FEEDING

Introduction
This lesson focuses on the discussion of feeds and feeding small ruminants.
Particularly, it will deal on feeding guides, common feed ingredients, feeding habits and feed
requirements of small ruminants.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
1. define feeds and feeding;
2. show and explain feeding guides;
3. characterize the common feed ingredients for goats and sheep;
4. explain the feeding habits of goats and sheep;
5. enumerate feeding habits of goat and sheep;
6. state practical feeding guides for goats and sheep; and
7. compute for feed requirements for goat and sheep.
Pre-Assessment
b. 40-60 grams/day
_____2. These are feeds containing relatively large amount of fiber that provides bulk to fill
up the rumen.
d. Roughages
_____3. These include all grains and many by-products of grains and animals such as rice
bran, ground corn, soy bean oil meal, copra meal and bone meal and molasses.
a. Concentrates
_____4. These are organic compounds needed by the animals body in small amount for
maintaining vigor, health, and productivity.
c. Napier
_____6. The following are examples of green roughage EXCEPT
a. Banana
_____7. Banana, kakawate, ipil-ipil are examples of _______________.
d. tree leaves
_____8. These are practically all carbohydrates with only three percent (3%) of crude protein.
c. Molasses
_____9. It is a product of rice milling that contains an average crude protein of 10-12%.
c. Rice bran
_____10. Salt, oyster shell, limestone and wood ash are example of _______________.
c. mineral supplements
Process
Activity 1
Direction. Identify the correct term based on the given definition. Choose your answer
from the box below.
__________1. These are feeds with high digestibility and they are relatively low in fiber
and include all grains and many by-products of grains and animals.
__________2. It contains about 8.9% crude protein and high amount of energy (Total
Digestible Energy) that makes it an ideal feed for fattening.
__________3. This group of feed includes freshly cut grasses and legumes, hay,
silages, fodder, and other green herbages.
__________4. It is a by-product of rice milling that contains an average crude protein of
10-12%.
__________5. It is protein supplement produced after fresh leaves are dried and
grounded and its crude protein content is about 19-21%.
__________6. These provide skeletal support; Salt, oyster shell, limestone and wood
ash are examples of these.

__________7. These are organic compounds needed by the animals body in small
amount for maintaining vigor, health and productivity.
__________8. This by-product feed is produce after extracting oil from soybean seeds.
It contains about 44% crude protein with very high feeding value.
__________9. This is what is left of the coconut meat after the oil has been removed or
extracted. It contains an adequate amount of carbohydrates but it is
used mainly as protein supplement due to its high crude protein (2022%).
__________10. These are practically all carbohydrates with only three percent (3%)
crude protein. It is a by-product of the sugar industry and is sold in dark
and semi-liquid (thick) state.
Concentrates
Ipil-ipil leaf Meal
Roughages
Copra Meal
Vitamin Supplements
Sorghum
Corn
Molasses
Soy Bean Oil Meal
Goat Ration
Rice Bran
Mineral supplements
Activity 2
Directions: Differentiate feeding habits of goat and sheep. Write your answer in your
activity notebook.
Comparison of Feeding Habits Between Goat and Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Parameter
Characteristic
Activity
Feeding pattern
Variety in feeds
Salivary secretion rate
Recycling of urea in saliva
Dry matter intake:
For meat production
For milk production
Digestive efficiency
Retention time
Water intake per unit dry matter

Water economy
Water turnover rate
Dehydration:
Feces
Urine
Fat metabolism
Rubric for Using Filling-in the Tables

Criterion
Graphic
Organizer
Quality
3
Graphic
Organizer is
complete in its
entirety
Graphic
Organizer is
mostly
complete, but
may be
missing a fact
Graphic
Organizer is
mostly
complete but
may be
missing three
or more facts
regarding the
forages
Graphic
Organizer is
missing most
components
and facts
regarding the
forages
Student
volunteered a
few times
during class
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Participation Student
volunteered
several times
during class
Focus
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
focused and
was mostly on
task
Score
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
Total
(For computation of the equivalent score, refer to previous example on page 57)
Activity 3
Direction: Compute the worded problems following the correct solution/s:
1. If the goat weighs 25 kg, how many kilos of milk it can offer per day?
2. How many kilograms of fresh roughages a goat will consume if it weighs 25 kg?
Reflect and Understand
1. Why is feeding small ruminant important?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. . In your own opinion, why is colostrum necessary for a kid age ranging from birth to
three (3) days old?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Transfer
Activity 1
Direction: Collect samples of brands of vitamin supplements and mineral supplements.
Summarize them using the format below
Suplements
Brand/s
Ingredients
Vitamins
Minerals
Activity 2
Directions: List down farm/livestock suppliers located in your community
town/municipality. Follow the format given below.
Business Name
Lists of available livestock

supplies being sold
Address
Rubric for Performance Tasks/Activities

Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
3
Student
volunteered a
2
Student
participated
1
Student
refused
Score
Remains on
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
several times
during the
activity
few times
during the
activity
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others
Student always Student

used materials usually used
appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
respectful of
others
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
Here are the suggestions on how to compute for the score and its equivalent:
A. By the Total Score
1. Get the total score by adding the scores of each criterion.
2. Then, divide the raw score with the total score.
3. Last, multiply it with 100.
Example:

20
Equivalent Score = 100 Equivalent Score=24 100 = 0.8x100 = 80.00

B. Per Criterion
1. Divide the score by the highest score of the qualities in each criterion and multiply the
quotient by 100.

4
4
Equivalent per Criterion= 100 = 100 = 1x100 = 100

2. Get the sum of the scores by adding all the scores in each criterion.
Qualities
Scores
Equivalent
Scores
Participates in the activity
100
Remains on task
75
Respects personal space of

classmates
100
Uses materials properly
100
Cleans area before leaving
100
Respects others
100
Criterion
Total
575
3. Divide it by the number of criteria. (Number of criteria is 6)

=
575
6
= 95.83
Post Assessment
b. 40-60 grams/day
_____2. These are feeds containing relatively large amount of fiber that provides bulk to fill
up the rumen.
d. Roughages
_____3. These include all grains and many by-products of grains and animals such as rice
bran, ground corn, soy bean oil meal, copra meal and bone meal and molasses.
a. Concentrates
_____4. These are organic compounds needed by the animals body in small amount for
maintaining vigor, health, and productivity.
c. Napier
_____6. The following are examples of green roughage EXCEPT
a. Banana
_____7. Banana, kakawate, ipil-ipil are examples of _______________.
d. tree leaves
_____8. These are practically all carbohydrates with only three percent (3%) of crude protein.
c. Molasses
_____9. It is a product of rice milling that contains an average crude protein of 10-12%.
c. Rice bran
_____10. Salt, oyster shell, limestone and wood ash are example of _______________.
c. mineral supplements
Summary
Knowledge in feeds and feeding is important for goat and sheep raisers. This is the
basis of having healthy herd and flock which will lead to a successful production system.
There are four classifications of goat and sheep feeds namely: roughages,
concentrates, mineral supplements and vitamin supplements. The locally available
concentrate ingredients for goat and sheep are the following: corn, rice bran, sorghum, copra
meal, soybean meal, molasses and ipil-ipil leaf meal.
Goats and sheep differ in their feeding habits on the following parameters: activity,
feeding pattern, variety in feeds, salivary secretion rate, recycling of urea in saliva, dry matter
intake digestive efficiency, retention time, water intake per unit dry matter, water economy,
water turnover rate dehydration and fat metabolism.
Goat and sheep nutrition is a requirement for good health and reproduction, high
milk yield and fast growth rates. Thus, feeding guides for goats and sheep in the different
age group level was discussed. The computation of feed requirements for goat was likewise
included.
Lesson 2. FEEDING TECHNOLOGIES

Introduction
This lesson focuses on the discussion of different feeding technologies for small
ruminants. It also deals with the importance of nutrients specifically minerals. Included also
in this lesson is the recommended feed formulation for small ruminants.
Objectives
1. enumerate and discuss the different feeding technologies for goats and sheep;
2. determine the effect of minerals in the development of the small ruminants; and
3. recommend feed formulation for goat and sheep.
Pre-Assessment
_____1. This involves dividing the pasture area into paddocks and allowing the animals to
graze rotationally in different areas.
b. Rapid Rotational Grazing
_____2. Some limitations of Rapid Rotational Grazing are the following EXCEPT
c. Lesser anthelminthic residues
_____3. Concentatre ration tends to _________________.
b. give protein and energy feeds
_____4. In Urea-Molasses-Mineral Block, the highest percentage in the composition of
ingredients is ________.
b. rice bran and molasses
_____5. The following are the important features of Urea-Molasses-Mineral Block EXCEPT.
a. Ingredients are expensive
_____6. The function of this is to supply NH2 for the rumen microbes to synthesize microbial
protein for the animal
d. Urea
c. Salt
c. Silage
_____9. What is the quality of the silage if it has acid odor and taste; absence of molds, with
green color, pH value of 3.5 4.2, ammonia nitrogen is less than 10% of total nitrogen.
d. Very Good
Process
Activity 1
Direction. Select the words in Column B that are associated with the words in Column
A. Write the answers in your activity notebook.
Column A
1. Rapid Rotational Grazing
2. Concentrate Ration
3. Urea-Molasses Mineral Block
4. Silage
5. Urea-treated Rice Straw
Column B
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
9-10 paddocks
5m rope
Space for grazing
Cement
Rice Bran
Corn
Copra Meal
Ipil-Ipil
Rice bran (D1)
Molasses
Vitamin A
Cement
Corn
Grasses
sugar cane tops
5 m long rope
Urea
Rice straw
c. Water
d. Molasses
Activity 2
Direction. Arrange the proper mixing procedure of Urea-Molasses Mineral Block using
numerical symbol (1 for the first step; 7 for the last step).
_____ Unload the mixture and put into the molder with the tamper.
_____ Mix urea and molasses into the cement mixer until urea is dissolved.
_____ Allow the product to cure for two weeks before packing and selling.
_____ Dissolve cement in a little water and mix with urea-molasses solution with
continuous mixing.
_____ Weigh the individual ingredient into the bucket.
_____ Add salt, trace minerals and bone meal one after the other into the solution, and
allow mixing for 15 minutes.
_____ Add the rice bran gradually until homogenous mixture is attained. Allow another
10 minutes mixing until the mixture form a dough-like product.
Direction. Arrange the steps in Silage Making using numerical symbol (1 for the first
step; 8 for the last step).
_____ After one month, silage is ready for feeding.

_____ Chop plant materials into 1-2.5 cm length.
_____ Fill up the silo in one continuous operation, pressing the materials well to form a
compact mass. Exclusion of much of oxygen is essential. Rapid filling and packing in the silo
is essential for good silage.
_____ Continuous feeding of silage should be followed after opening of the silo to avoid
excessive spoilage of the exposed materials.
_____ If moisture content of the harvested plant is higher than 70%, reduce moisture by
wilting from 60-70% to minimize or reduce nutrient loss through seepage.
_____ Harvest grass just before the flowering stage. Corn and sorghum should be cut at the
semi-dough stage.
_____ Add silage conditioner (molasses, by-product concentrate) if the original plant material
is of poor quality. Molasses diluted 1:1 with water can be sprinkled over the prepared
material before loading at 2-4% by weight.
_____ Cover the silage with plastic sheet to protect from rain and place weight on top. The
silo must have a roof to prevent entry of rain water.
1. If you are a goat raiser, what feeding technologies will you adopt? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. Discuss the illustration below. (Rapid Rotational Grazing)
What is your idea about the presented illustration?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. What is the main purpose of Rapid Rotational Grazing?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Transfer
You should be able to perform the following activities:
A. Silage making
1. Harvest grass just before the flowering stage. Corn and sorghum should be cut at
the semi-dough stage.
2. If moisture content of the harvested plant is higher than 70%, reduce moisture by
wilting from 60-70% to minimize or reduce nutrient loss through seepage.
3. Chop plant materials into 1-2.5 cm length.
4. Fill up the silo in one continuous operation, pressing the materials well to form a
compact mass. Exclusion of much of oxygen is essential. Rapid filling and
packing in the silo is essential for good silage.
5. Add silage conditioner (molasses, by-product concentrate) if the original plant
material is of poor quality. Molasses diluted 1:1 with water can be sprinkled over
the prepared material before loading at 2-4% by weight.
6. Cover the silage with plastic sheet to protect from rain and place weight on top.
The silo must have a roof to prevent entry of rain water.
7. After one month, silage is ready for feeding.
8. Continuous feeding of silage should be followed after opening of the silo to avoid
excessive spoilage of the exposed materials.
B. UMMB Making
1. Weigh the individual ingredient into the bucket.
2. Mix urea and molasses into the cement mixer until urea is dissolved.
3. Dissolve cement in a little water and mix with urea-molasses solution with
continuous mixing.
4. Add salt, trace minerals and bone meal one after the other into the solution, and
allow mixing for 15 minutes.
5. Add the rice bran gradually until homogenous mixture is attained. Allow another
10 minutes mixing until the mixture form a dough-like product.
6. Unload the mixture and put into the molder with the tamper.
7. Allow the product to cure for two weeks before packing and selling.
C. Make a Salt Lick For Meeehhhh!
Materials:
Bamboo (with node and internodes)
Cross-cut Saw
Ingredients:
Salt
Molasses
Steps:
1. Choose a bamboo. Make an open portion of the bamboo enough to put ingredients
inside it.
2. Make an opening below near the bottom node.
3. Hang the salt lick in the goat shed where goats can lick on it.
***Format and Guidelines in making your Narrative Report about your experiences in doing
the activities
Title of the Activity:_________________________________
Date:___________
Venue:__________________________________________
Time:___________
Teacher/Instructor:________________________________
Guide Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the learning experiences you gained from doing the activity?
What are some of the problems you have encountered?
How do you cope up with these problems?
Do you think that the knowledge you gained will be helpful to you? Why?
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Score
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
respectful of
others
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
(For computation of the equivalent score, refer to previous example)
POST ASSESSMENT
_____1. This involves dividing the pasture area into paddocks and allowing the animals to
graze rotationally in different areas.
b. Rapid Rotational Grazing
_____2. Some limitations of Rapid Rotational Grazing are the following EXCEPT
c. Lesser anthelminthic residues
_____3. Concentrate ration tends to _________________.
b. give protein and energy feeds
_____4. In Urea-Molasses-Mineral Block, the highest percentage in the composition of
ingredients is ________.
b. rice bran and molasses
_____5. The following are the important features of Urea-Molasses-Mineral Block EXCEPT.
a. Ingredients are expensive
_____6. The function of this is to supply NH2 for the rumen microbes to synthesize microbial
protein for the animal
d. Urea
c. Salt
c. Silage
_____9. What is the quality of the silage if it has acid odor and taste; absence of molds, with
green color, pH value of 3.5 4.2, ammonia nitrogen is less than 10% of total nitrogen.
d. Very Good

SUMMARY
There are five feeding technologies introduced in the lesson that can be followed by
small ruminant raisers to meet the nutritional requirements of goat and sheep. These are:
rapid rotational grazing, concentrate ration, urea in goat diets, silage and urea-treated rice
straw.
Lesson 3. FORAGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT

Introduction
This lesson provides information on forage and pasture management. Basically, this
lesson is included because of its importance in small ruminants production. Knowledge of
this will help sustain source of feeds for our livestock.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
enumerate and discuss different forages and pasture species;

characterize forages and pasture;
bring different forages and pasture species;
explain the needs of managing pasture/forage area;
discuss pasture/forage area utilization;
compare and contrast the three (3) systems of feeding; and
establish own pasture/forage as source of feeds for small ruminants.
Pre-Assessment
_____1. These are narrow leaf species that easily grow on vacant lots and denuded areas
where the topsoil is very thin, with mechanism of adaptation to high temperature and high
light intensity.
b. Grasses
_____2. It is a coarse leafy, deep rooted perennial with a typical stool forming habit and its
leaves are long and broad and well distributed along the stem.
b. Guinea grass
_____3. It is a creeping perennial plant with stout above the ground runners which root fully
at the nodes and grows well under the warm, moist conditions thus it is most suitable for the
lower flat lands and any area where poor drainage is a problem.
d. Para grass
_____4. It is a robust perennial species, reaching the height 2-5 meters when mature and it
is spread by short, stout underground stem to give stool up to 1 meter across.
c. Napier
_____5. These are broadleaf species, noted for their high protein content and these have
root nodules with a microorganism known as rhizobium, which enable them to manufacture
their own nitrogen requirements.
c. Legumes
_____6. In this system of pasture utilization, the goats are allowed to graze in the pasture
area for at least eight hours a day and are only kept inside the house during the unfavorable
hours of the day and during bad weather.
a. Grazing system
_____7. In this system of pasture utilization, the goats are tied each to a rope about 6 to 10meter long.
c. Tethering
_____8. In this system of pasture utilization, the forage is cut and chopped in the field each
day by a farmer and hauled to the goats and sheep. The house for this system could be
designed in such away the goats could be classified according to their production of milk,
condition, age, etc.
d. Zero grazing
b. legumes
Process
1. List down available common feed ingredients available in your community.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Fodder trees are alternative feeds for goats. What are the economic values of these to the
goat raisers?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3. List down available pasture grasses, legume crops, fodder trees and herbages in your
community.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Activity 1
Research Activity
a. Download an article in an on-line Agricultural Magazine
b. Research and Read Agriculture Research Journal about Goat and Sheep
Production.
ex. The Effects of Confined Feeding to Goats
c. Reflect on what learning have you gained from reading the article.
Guide Questions:
1. Who is the author of the article?
2. What is the article all about?
3. What are the management practices and feeding programs being followed
by the goat or sheep raiser as stated in the article?
4. Are the practices followed by the farmers help in the success of the
venture?
d. Submit your papers to your teacher on the date he/she prescribed.
Activity 2
Direction: Observe a goat that is confined and a goat in a free range system. As much
as possible, take photos/pictures for this activity. Describe how they differ in
their physical characteristics.
DESCRIPTION OF GOATS (Physical Appearance)

Pasture
1.
2.
Confined
3.
4.
Transfer
Activity 1
Directions: Collect and bring 5 planting materials (cuttings and seedlings) of each
classification. Use the table below for reporting in front of your class.
Fodder/Shrub Trees
Grasses
Legumes

Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
task
Respects
personal
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student
needed a few
reminders to
Student
needed
several
focused and
was mostly on
task

respected
usually
personal
respected
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
Score
space
of classmates
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
personal
space by
keeping
respect
personal
space
reminders or
teacher

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others
respectful of
others
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
Activity 2. Forage Gardening

Given the importance of pasture grasses, legume crops and fodder trees and the knowledge
and skills in planting, plant these samples in the school yard to maintain grassland and feed
source for herd and flock. Prepare forage garden in an area available in your school.
Instructions:
1. The teacher will divide the class into five groups.
2. Each group will be assigned with land area to be planted with forages and legumes.
3. Students will select the forages to be planted.

Criterion
Qualities
4
Score
Participates
in the activity
Student
volunteered
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
respectful of
others
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
Activity 3. Look! Smile! Click! Photos.

Direction: Take photos of different forages, legumes, field crops, fodder trees and
shrub species for small ruminants. Have these photos compiled in a portfolio
type using recycled materials. Submit your output to your teacher on the
date he/she will be requiring you.
Rubric in Photographs Presentation
Criterion
Quality
4
Balance
Student has
correctly
balanced the
composition
using either a
symmetrical
or
asymmetrical
balance.
Student has
attempted to
balance the
composition
using either a
symmetrical
or
asymmetrical
balance, but
hasn't
completely
achieved it.
Student has
attempted to
balance the
composition
using either a
symmetrical
or
asymmetrical
balance, but
is at least half
unbalanced.
Student did
not attempt
to balance
the
composition.
Emphasis
Student has
given the area
of their choice
a strong
emphasis
using value,
contrast, or
size as it
relates to the
focal point.
Student has
given the
area of their
choice a
moderate
emphasis
using value,
contrast, or
size as it
relates to the
focal point.
Student has
given the
area of their
choice an
emphasis
using value,
contrast, or
size as it
relates to the
focal point,
but it almost
gets lost in
the rest of the
drawing.
Student has
shown no
focal point in
their drawing.
All areas
have the
same value,
contrast, or
size.
Composition
Student
achieved
balance and
utilized space
on paper
excellently.
Drew objects
Student did
not achieve
good balance,
but still
utilized space
properly.
Included
Student did
not achieve
balance at all
and the
correct use of
space is
being
Student did
not create an
interesting
composition
using space,
size, and
Total
from
foreground,
middle
ground, and
background.
foreground
and
background
only.
approached.
Objects are
drawn a little
to small and
are a little too
close
together.
balance.
Craftsmanship
Student
utilized class
time
appropriately.
Photos are
very neat, not
wrinkled or
creased. Ink
is uniform
across
page.Took
care of project
while creating
it.
Student
finished a
little early but
still did a
good job.
Some
wrinkles or
creased on
photos or ink
are thin in a
few areas.
Student
finished early
and could
have included
more details
had more
time been
spent on
drawing.
Photos are
wrinkled and
creased. Ink
is thin on at
least half of
the print.
Student did
not complete
a print.
Required
Elements
The project
was done by
the student.
Pertains to
the time
frame
studied.
Requirments
are exceeded.
Required
elements are
met.
Some of the
required
elements are
not included
on the
photos.
Several
required
elements
were missing.
Total
Post Test
Pre-Assessment
_____1. These are narrow leaf species that easily grow on vacant lots and denuded areas
where the topsoil is very thin, with mechanism of adaptation to high temperature and high
light intensity.
b. Grasses
_____2. It is a coarse leafy, deep rooted perennial with a typical stool forming habit and its
leaves are long and broad and well distributed along the stem.
b. Guinea grass
_____3. It is a creeping perennial plant with stout above the ground runners which root fully
at the nodes and grows well under the warm, moist conditions thus it is most suitable for the
lower flat lands and any area where poor drainage is a problem.
d. Para grass
_____4. It is a robust perennial species, reaching the height 2-5 meters when mature and it
is spread by short, stout underground stem to give stool up to 1 meter across.
c. Napier
_____5. These are broadleaf species, noted for their high protein content and these have
root nodules with a microorganism known as rhizobium, which enable them to manufacture
their own nitrogen requirements.
c. Legumes
_____6. In this system of pasture utilization, the goats are allowed to graze in the pasture
area for at least eight hours a day and are only kept inside the house during the unfavorable
hours of the day and during bad weather.
a. Grazing system
_____7. In this system of pasture utilization, the goats are tied each to a rope about 6 to 10meter long.
c. Tethering
_____8. In this system of pasture utilization, the forage is cut and chopped in the field each
day by a farmer and hauled to the goats and sheep. The house for this system could be
designed in such away the goats could be classified according to their production of milk,
condition, age, etc.
d. Zero grazing
b. legumes
SUMMARY
In order to sustain the feed requirements, forage and pasture management is
essential and necessary task of small ruminants raisers. Management of these is a way of
improving quality and quantity of feeds available for goats and sheep.
The major types of forage are tree legumes, herbaceous legumes and grasses. Tree
legumes include gliricidia, leucaena and sesbania. Herbaceous legumes include centro,
desmanthus, desmodium and graham stylo. Grasses include guinea grss, napier grass and
para grass.
Managing pasture and forage crops include preparing the seedbeds, fertilization,
and controlling of weeds and pests.
Grazing system, tethering or staking and zero-grazing are examples of forage and
pasture utilization.
QUARTER TEST
POST ASSESSMENT:
_____1. This is the best, yet economical method of managing a herd and flock.
d. Providing herd and flock with fresh water, grasses and legumes
_____2. Ideally, how many heads of goats can be fed in a one-hectare well-developed
pasture?
d. 45 to 55 goats
_____3. These are chemical compounds included in animal rations but which do not
supply nutrients to the animals.
b. Feed Additives
_____4. This is a by-product of rice milling that can be used as goat feed.
c. Rice bran
_____5. This first milk secreted by the goat after kidding contains high antibodies.
a. Colostrum
c. Minerals
_____6. The following are examples of common grasses for goats EXCEPT ONE.
c. Pinto peanut
_____7. This microorganism is present in the root nodules of legumes which enables
them to manufacture their own nitrogen requirements.
b. Rhizobium
_____8. Ad libitum, a term given in feeding animals means _____________________
d. feeds are available at all times
_____9. These forage species with narrow leaves and pointed apex grows in vacant lots
and along road-sides and paddy fields.
b. Grasses
_____10. Mang Jose is looking for economical yet nutritious fodder tree as supplement
to grasses for goat feed. Which among the tree species would be best?
c. Ipil-ipil
b. 40-60 grams/day
_____12. These are feeds containing relatively large amount of fiber that provides bulk to
fill up the rumen.
d. Roughages
_____13. These include all grains and many by-products of grains and animals such as
rice bran, ground corn, soy bean oil meal, copra meal and bone meal and molasses.
a. Concentrates
_____14. These are organic compounds needed by the animals body in small amount
for maintaining vigor, health, and productivity.
c. Napier
_____16. The function of this is to supply NH2 for the rumen microbes to synthesize
microbial protein for the animal
d. Urea
c. Salt
c. Silage
_____19. What is the quality of the silage if it has acid odor and taste; absence of molds,
with green color, pH value of 3.5 4.2, ammonia nitrogen is less than 10% of total
nitrogen.
d. Very Good
b. legumes
_____23. These are broadleaf species, noted for their high protein content and these
have root nodules with a microorganism known as rhizobium, which enable them to
manufacture their own nitrogen requirements.
c. Legumes
_____24. In this system of pasture utilization, the goats are allowed to graze in the
pasture area for at least eight hours a day and are only kept inside the house during the
unfavorable hours of the day and during bad weather.
a. Grazing system
_____25. It is a coarse leafy, deep rooted perennial with a typical stool forming habit and
its leaves are long and broad and well distributed along the stem.
b. Guinea grass
Direction. Distinguish the following forages into pasture grasses or legumes

__________1. Para grass
__________2. Soybean
__________3. Calopo
__________4. Guinea grass
__________5. Star grass
__________6. Napier
__________7. Pinto peanut
__________8. Centrosema
__________9. Alabang X
__________10. Siratro
Key to Correction:
1. Grass
6. Grass
2. Legume
7. Legume
3. Legume
8. Legume
4. Grass
9. Grass
5. Grass
10. Legumes
SUMMARY
Feeds and feeding are essential management practices in a goat and sheep
raising project. Primarily, feeds are essential in the growth and development of goats and
sheep because of their nutrients. There are a lot of available feed sources in the
community that can be consumed by our goats and sheep. The different systems of
feeding goats and sheep may be applied, depending on the different factors such as
number of heads, size and area of the land, and others.

FOURTH QUARTER
Module 5. IMPLEMENTING HERD HEALTH PROGRAM
Content standard
The learner can differentiate the various diseases and parasites that attack goats
and sheep.
Performance standard
The learner properly identifies and applies preventive measures with respect to
the different diseases and parasites that attack goats and sheep.
Introduction
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to help you understand
the correct practices regarding herd health programs and their strict implementation.
Objectives
1. identify the different diseases and parasites attacking the goats;
2. apply preventive measures for the different diseases and parasites;
3. follow the medication and vaccination program designed by the Bureau of
Animal Industry and/or as prescribed by veterinarians;
4. appreciate the importance of keeping the animals healthy;

5. properly dispose dead animals and manure; and
6. treat sick animals.
Chapter Assessment
_____1. This is the term for any departure from normal state of health that may bring
abnormal condition of any or all tissues of the body.
b. Disease
_____2. This is the classification of disease wherein it is readily communicable to
susceptible individuals.
b. Contagious
_____3. The following are signs of unhealthy goats and sheep EXCEPT _____________.
a. shiny skins
_____4. A professional that gives service when it comes to animal health.
d. Veterinarian
_____5. The normal pulse rate of an adult goat ranges from _________________.
d. 100-110 beats/minute
_____6. Why is herd health management important?
b. It keeps the herd healthy
_____7. Under what physical symptoms does coughing and difficulty in breathing
associated?
c. Respiratory signs
_____8. This is caused by direct infection by ingestion of infective stage (oocyst) thrives
in moist, damp and unsanitary areas.
a. Coccidiosis
_____9. Parasitic gastroenteritis, parasitic pneumonia, tapeworm and liver fluke are
examples of _____________________.
c. internal parasites
_____10. The symptoms of this disease are signs of colic such as uneasiness, difficult
respiration, and bloating and rumen movements.
b. Bloat
_____11. To prevent the goat from urinary calculi, what should be done?
d. Give Prophylactic Vitamin A supplement

_____12. Constant scratching and rubbing of skin is a sign of ____________________.
b. Lice infestation
_____13. Because of these external parasites, the goat or sheep may terminate in date
due to systemic toxemia, gangrene or septic absorption.
a. Bow flies
_____14. Removing and disposing manure and garbage will prevent ______________
b. flies and maggot build-up
_____15. What should be done to animals where there is an outbreak of disease?
c. Quarantine
_____16. Regular grooming of animals is an opportunity to the following EXCEPT ONE.
a. Smell goaty odor
_____17. These are parasites found on the external surface of the animal body such as
skin and hairs.
b. Ectoparasites
_____18. These are parasites found in the internal parts of the animal body
c. Endoparasites
_____19. The following are source of safe drinking water for the animals EXCEPT ONE.
d. Stagnant ponds and pools
_____20. Among the following examples, what is the most reliable material as
disinfectant?
c. hot water
_____21. The following are the ideal properties of disinfectant EXCEPT ONE.
a. High toxicity to animal
_____22. How often should be the collection of animal waste/manure?
b. Once a month
_____23. Rapid Rotational Grazing is recommended in order to minimize the parasitism

among goats. This explains the importance of ________________________.
c. Parasite control program
_____24. If the goat waste is intended as manure for crops, what should be done?
b. Allow it to decompose
_____25. When the area is not possible for scrubbing, what should be done to disinfect
it?
c. Use high pressured water
Lesson 1. HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Introduction
This lesson includes the importance of keeping the herd healthy. It focuses on the
discussion of parasite and disease prevention and classification of disease of small
ruminants.
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
define health, nutrition and management;

discuss the program of disease and parasite prevention;
define a disease; and
classify the different diseases of small ruminants.
Pre-Assessment
b. Disease
_____2. This is the classification of disease wherein it is readily communicable to susceptible
individuals.
b. Contagious
a. shiny skins
d. Veterinarian
b. 70-80 beats/minute

associated?
_____8. The following are symptoms associated with vital signs EXCEPT
d. Weight
_____9. The following are the factors involved in the occurrence of a disease EXCEPT ONE.
d. Feeds
_____10. The term associated to disease which is caused by virus.
b. Viral disease
Process
Activity 1
Direction. Write TRUE if the statement conforms to disease and parasite prevention
otherwise FALSE if it does not.
_____1. Always provide exercise for the animals.
_____2. Vaccinate prevalent diseases in the community.
_____3. Contagious disease should be given attention.
_____4. Disease-infected herd has no effect to the production.
_____4. Be a keen observer at all times especially to the herds.
_____6. A veterinarians advice is important in herd health management.
_____7. The kidding or lambing area must be disinfected and bedded properly.
_____8. Cold floors are essential for young animals especially during cold season.
_____9. Newly purchased animals should be mixed with the herd at a later time after buying.
_____10. The house of the goats and sheep should be clean and free from mud and wilt.
Key to Correction:
1. TRUE
6. TRUE
2. TRUE
7. TRUE
3. TRUE
8. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE
Activity 2
Direction. Identify the definition in Column A with its correct terminology in Column B.
Write only the correct letter in your activity notebook.
Column A
_____1. The duration of a disease condition
Column B
a. Acute
characterized by death within a very short
b. Peracute
period.
c. Subacute
_____2. An abnormal condition manifested by violent

symptoms terminating either in death or
recovery after a brief period.
_____3. An abnormal condition of the body in which the
disease runs for a longer period like
tuberculosis.
Key to Correction:
1. b
2. a
3. c
Direction. Identify the definition in Column A with its correct terminology in Column B.
Write only the correct letter in your activity notebook.
Column A
_____1. This is occurrence of an epidemic in which the
disease is not widespread but is found only in a
few isolated places.
disease is spread throughout a district or
locality.
disease is widespread because it spreads fast.
Key to Correction:
1. c
2. a
Column B
a. Endemic
b. Epizootic
c. Sporadic
3. b

Activity 1
1. Why is setting of standards in herd health management important to small ruminants
production?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. What are the importance of having knowledge in vital signs of goat and sheep?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Transfer
Activity 1. Ready CLICK Go!
Directions: Capture photos of a healthy and sickly goats and sheep. Compile these in a
portfolio. Differentiate the goats and sheep by characterizing them in their physical
appearances.
Activity 2. Download Meeh Now!

Directions: Download articles about the importance of Herd Health Management. Always
remember to cite the source/s of the information.
Post Assessment
b. Disease
_____2. This is the classification of disease wherein it is readily communicable to susceptible
individuals.
b. Contagious
a. shiny skins
d. Veterinarian
b. 70-80 beats/minute
associated?
_____8. The following are symptoms associated with vital signs EXCEPT
d. Weight
_____9. The following are the factors involved in the occurrence of a disease EXCEPT ONE.
d. Feeds
_____10. The term associated to disease which is caused by virus.
b. Viral disease
SUMMARY
It is as important task for a goat and sheep raisers to prevent the affliction of
diseases to the animals. To make this possible, program for disease and parasite prevention
is a must.
Disease is defined as any departure from the normal state of health. It is classified
according to cause, infectiousness, transmitability, duration and occurrence.
Likewise, knowledge in the vital signs is essential such as the pulse rate, respiration
rate and body temperature of sheep and goat.
Lesson 2. COMMON DISEASES OF GOATS

Introduction
This lesson broadly discusses the causes of diseases, their signs, modes of transmission,
prevention and treatments. Likewise, information regarding parasites of goats and sheep are
included.
Objectives
1. enumerate the different diseases of small ruminants based on their categories;
2. explain the cause/s, mode/s of transmission, symptom/s and prevention of the
different diseases of small ruminants; and
3. realize the importance of knowing the common diseases of goats and be able to
prevent them.
Pre-Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer in
examples of _____________________.
b. Bloat
b. Lice infestation
_____5. Because of these external parasites, the goat or sheep may terminate in date due
to systemic toxemia, gangrene or septic absorption.
a. Bow flies
_____6. This is caused by direct infection by ingestion of infective stage (oocyst) thrives in
moist, damp and unsanitary areas.
a. Coccidiosis
_____7. Aulinol, Tympanol, and Bloat guard are examples of _____________________.
a. commercial antibloat
_____8. Hemorrhagic septicemia can be treated with ___________________________.
d. parenteral antibiotics and sulfa drugs
_____9. To prevent milk fever, this should be injected to the affected animal.
a. Calcium
c. Potassium
_____10. This disease is caused by low-level hemoglobin or red blood cells.

a. Anemia
Direction. Fill in the missing letters to form the correct terminology. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.
1. B_CT_R_AL
S_O_ _S
2. P_E_M_N_A
3. I_F_C_IOU_ A_TH_ITIS
4. M_S_I_IS
5. C_N_AG_O_S
E_T_Y_A
6. F_ _T A_D M_U_H
7. B_U_E_L_S_S
8. H_M_RRH_G_C S_PT_C_M_ _
9. _NTHR_X
10. T_T_N_S
Key to Correction:
1. BACTERIAL SCOURS
2. PNEUMONIA
3. INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS
4. MASTITIS
5. CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA
This is caused by genital or intrauterine

infection of dam.
The symptoms of this disease are fever,
coughing and nasal discharge.
This is caused by dirty pens and areas of
confinement and the symptoms are swollen
knees, lameness and fever.
The causative agent is mycoplasma and is
characterized by sores or wounds on the teat.
This disease is characterized by scabby
lesions in the lips, muzzle, eyelids, udder,
teats and feet.
This disease is caused by types A, O and C
viruses characterized by fever and erosion in
between hooves.
This disease is caused by bacteria and is
characterized by infertility, abortion and
retained placenta.
This is caused by bacteria Pasteurella
multicida and is characterized by high fever,
loss of appetite and respiratory distress.
This is caused by bacteria Bacillus anthracis
and is characterized by sudden onset of fever,
swelling of chest, head, belly and legs.
This is caused by bacteria Clostridium
tetani and is characterized by rigidity and
stiffness of muscles and prolapsed of third
eyelid.
6. FOOT AND MOUTH
7. BRUCELLOSIS
8. HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA
9. ANTHRAX
10. TETANUS
Activity 2
Direction: Identify the term being described in each statement. Choose the answer in the box
below and write it in your activity notebook. (1 point each)
__________1. The state of complete physical well-being and the absence of

disease or infirmity.
__________2. The field relating to leadership management of health for the
animals.
__________3. This is the hygienic means of promoting health.
__________4. This is the process of giving an anthelmintic drug to an animal
to rid of intestinal parasites such as roundworm and tapeworm.
__________5. A disease as characterized by infertility abortion.
Nutrition
Nutrients
Health Management
Health
Sanitation
Brucellosis
Key to Correction:
1. Health
2. Health Management
3. Sanitation
4. Deworming
5. Brucellosis
B. Enumerate five common diseases of goats and give symptoms of each disease.
Disease
Symptoms
Key to Correction:
Answers Vary:
Disease
Bacterial scours in kids
Symptoms
Occurs as early as 24 hours after birth
Pasty yellowish white feces later becoming more liquid
with fermented or pungent odor
Kid weak with sunken eyeball

Unsteady gait
Rough hair coat
Mortality due to dehydration is very high
Bacterial Pneumonia
Fever
Inability to suckle
Nasal discharge
Coughing
Respiratory distress
Gradual emaciation may terminate as pneumoniaenteritis combination
Death is common
Infectious Arthritis (big knees) Swollen knees, joints involved are hock knee, elbow and
stifle
Lameness, and pain if pressure is applied on affected
joint
Fever may be present
Animal prefers recumbency
Appetite affected with gradual deterioration
Mastitis
Hot, painful and swollen udder. May become red due to
inflammation later changing to dark reddish-blue
indicating necrosis of udder tissue
Milk may be blood stained, may contain flakes or clots
Fever
Loss of appetite
Depression
Dehydration
Gait or movement of doe is affected
Sore Mouth ORF/Contagious
Scabby lesions in the lips, muzzle eyelids, udder, teats
Ecthyma
and feet
Warty growth develops in some areas which are deep
May become necrotic or ulcerous
FMD/Foot and Mouth Disease Fever
Vesicles, erosion in between hooves, coronary band
(junction between skin and hoot), teats and udders,
oral mucosa and tongue
Raw ulceration follows rupture of vesicles
Stringy or foamy salivation
Smacking of the lips
Difficulty in feed ingestion
Staggering gait and lameness
Abortion in pregnant animals
Brucellosis
Infertility
Abortion
Retained placenta
Persistent vaginal discharge
In males, swollen and painful testicles with subsequent
Infertility/sterility
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
Anthrax
Tetanus
High fever
Loss of appetite
Respiratory distress
Salivation
Nasal discharges
Swelling of the throat
Brisket congestion of mucous membrane
Diarrhea becoming bloody later
Sudden onset of fever
Depression
Loss of appetite
Swelling of chest, head, belly and legs
Bloody diarrhea
Death common in early stages
Colic
Abortion in pregnant animals
Blood stained discharges
Convulsions
Early stages characterized by rigidity and stiffness of
muscles
Stilthy gait
Late stages titanic convulsions
o Prolapsed of third eyelid
o Stiff tail
o Head and neck thrown back
o Hyper excitability
o Bloat

1. Explain the adage Prevention is better than control. Relate this statement in herd
health management.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. How are the following prevented:
a. Bloat: ______________________________________________________
b. Urinary Calculi:_______________________________________________
c. Milk fever:___________________________________________________
d. Anemia:_____________________________________________________
Transfer
Visit the city/municipal agriculture office and secure information and statistics about
the most common diseases of goats and sheep.
a. City/Municipality:________________________________________________
b. Statistics of Diseases of Goats and Sheep
Most Prevalent Disease
Data to support the information
Likewise, be able to acquire the following information:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Name of the Municipal Agricultural Officer:____________________________

Area of Specialization/Major:_______________________________________
No. of Years as Agricultural Officer:_________________________________
Name of Municipal Veterinarian:____________________________________
No. of Years as Municipal Veterinarian:______________________________
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
hands and feet
to self
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
Score
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
respectful of
others
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
POST TEST
examples of _____________________.
b. Bloat
b. Lice infestation
_____5. Because of these external parasites, the goat or sheep may terminate in date due
to systemic toxemia, gangrene or septic absorption.
a. Bow flies
_____6. This is caused by direct infection by ingestion of infective stage (oocyst) thrives in
moist, damp and unsanitary areas.
a. Coccidiosis
_____7. Aulinol, Tympanol, and Bloat guard are examples of _____________________.
a. commercial antibloat
_____8. Hemorrhagic septicemia can be treated with ___________________________.
d. parenteral antibiotics and sulfa drugs
_____9. To prevent milk fever, this should be injected to the affected animal.
a. Calcium
c. Potassium
_____10. This disease is caused by low-level hemoglobin or red blood cells.

a. Anemia
SUMMARY
Proper information about the diseases and parasites of goats and sheep is of equal
importance. Causes, mode of transmissions, symptoms and preventions of diseases and
parasites likewise is necessary to know by the farmer to control or prevent these health
problems.
Diseases are divided into two: infectious and metabolic. Likewise, parasites: internal
and external.
Lesson 3. HYGIENIC MEASURE TO MINIMIZE HEALTH DISEASE PROLEMS

Introduction
This lesson deals primarily on the importance of hygiene of the livestock with the aim of
minimizing or preventing the disease problems of the small ruminants.
Objectives
1. suggest ways on how to minimize health disease problems;
2. recall measures on minimizing health problems; and
3. define and discuss parasites; modes of transmission and methods of control.
Pre-Assessment
c. Quarantine
a. Smell goaty odor
_____4. These are parasites found on the external surface of the animal body such as skin
and hairs.
b. Ectoparasites
c. Endoparasites
_____7. The following are the guidelines for vaccination EXCEPT ONE.
b. Vaccinate during very hot or wet weather
_____8. The entry point of this type of injection is in the muscle on the neck behind and
below the ear.
a. Intramuscular
_____9. The entry point of this type of injection is in the vein.
c. Intravenous
_____10. Control of immediate host, destruction of their environment and breaking their life
cycle will fall under what method of controlling parasites.
b. Environmental control
Process
Activity 1
Directions: Arrange the correct process in drenching animals. Use numerical symbol (1
for the first step; 5 for the last step).
tie the goat, or get it in a corner. Hold its head towards your chest, tilted a little sideways and back to allow the
medicine to run slowly down its throat.
If the goat coughs, stop at once and let the head free. When it has stopped coughing, continue drenching it. Be
careful that you do not pour the liquid into the wind pipe. This could cause pneumonia.
. If you are drenching a small unruly goat, it will help if you stand across it and hold it in place with your knees. It
will soon resign itself and give only a little trouble. You can then drench the whole herd in a few minutes.
4
Put the mouth of the bottle into the corner of its lips. Pour the liquid down slowly so that it will drop down the
throat.
. It would also help to make drenching easy if the person who does the drenching talks quietly and handles the
animal gently. The goat will become submissive after sometime
Activity 2.
Directions: Write DO THIS in the box opposite the statement that tells hygienic measure for
goat and sheep otherwise, write DONT DO THIS if the statement tells wrong practice of
managing the health of goat and sheep.
No.
Your Answer
1
2
3
4
5
Key to Corrections:
1. DONT DO THIS
2. DO THIS
Statement
Kids and lambs should receive their first anthelmintic only when
threadworm is prevalent in the herd.
It is recommended that the newly purchased animals be
quarantined first before introduction to the herd.
Clean and wipe dry the surface of the rubber stopper of vaccine
vial with sterile cotton before inserting needle to the goat and
sheep.
Drenching the goats to expel internal parasites is a routine
management practice and should be done every month.
Confine animals and provide cut-in-carry grasses that are wilted
first under the sun prior to feeding so that attached larvae falls off
and die.
3. DO THIS
4. DONT DO THIS
5. DO THIS

1. Why drenching is done to animals?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. Cite two management schemes that deals primarily in controlling parasites and be
able to discuss each:
1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
Transfer
Activity 1
Direction: Visit a Goat and Sheep Production Area. Look for a goat infested with lice. Delouse
it with recommended solutions. Use Personal Protective Equipment in doing this activity.
Document this by taking photographs.

Make a narrative report indicating the experiences you had in doing the activity.
Activity 2
Direction: Research on the current studies pertaining to indigenous worm and parasite
control for goat and sheep. Be able to cite the authors/contributors as well as the title of the
book/s/magazines/journals.
Activity 3
Direction: Watch the following videos on the Internet by downloading them or watching them
directly on the Internet.
Guide Question
1. What are the movies all about?

2. Cite the knowledge you have acquire from watching the clips
a._______________________________________________________________
b._______________________________________________________________
c._______________________________________________________________
3. Do clips presented help you in understanding the concepts especially in goat and
sheep production? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
Score
neat
Respects of
others
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
respectful of
others
teacher
intervention
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
POST TEST
c. Quarantine
a. Smell goaty odor
_____4. These are parasites found on the external surface of the animal body such as skin
and hairs.
b. Ectoparasites
c. Endoparasites
_____7. The following are the guidelines for vaccination EXCEPT ONE.
b. Vaccinate during very hot or wet weather
_____8. The entry point of this type of injection is in the muscle on the neck behind and
below the ear.
a. Intramuscular
_____9. The entry point of this type of injection is in the vein.
c. Intravenous
_____10. Control of immediate host, destruction of their environment and breaking their life
cycle will fall under what method of controlling parasites.
b. Environmental control
SUMMARY
Hygienic measures can minimize the occurrence of disease problems. Common
practices related to these are cleaning and disinfecting the house between batches, keeping
the area well-drained, removing and disposing manure and garbage within premise,
disposing dead animals properly, assuring availability of clean drinking water, quarantining
animals during disease outbreaks and regular grooming of animals.
Regular vaccination program is also advised following the guidelines in doing it.
Likewise, the farmers should also consider regular parasite control program by knowing the
types of parasites, mode of transmission and methods to control parasites such as
environmental control and management schemes.
If goats and sheep are infested with internal parasites, they are recommended to
deworming schedules. One method is through drenching the goat or sheep. Indigenous worm
control is also a good option of deworming small ruminant.
Lesson 4. DISINFECTION, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND BIOSECURITY MEASURE
Introduction
This lesson deals on the important measures on how to control or prevent occurrence
of biological threats caused by small ruminants.
Objectives
1. discuss disinfection, waste management and biosecurity measures;
2. relate processes about the recommended procedure in disinfection and disease
prevention; and
3. research and suggest ways on how to improve disease prevention.
Pre-Assessment
disinfectant?
c. hot water
_____2. The following are the properties of disinfectant EXCEPT ONE.
b. Once a month
it?
_____7. Rinse all residues of the disinfectant thoroughly before repopulating the
pen/area. The statement implies what principle of disinfection?
a. Time to act of the disinfectant
_____8. The following are the examples of practicing sanitation EXCEPT ONE.
d. Dumping trashes and wastes anywhere
_____9. The following are examples of practices in eliminating hazards EXCEPT ONE.
d. Allowing any person to enter the goat/sheep shed
_____10. Why is it important to dispose dead animals?
a. They are potent sources of disease agent
Process
Direction. Write TRUE if the statement conforms to disease prevention and biosecurity
measures otherwise FALSE if it does not.
_____1. Isolate sick animals.

_____2. Provide safe pasture
_____3. Have a vaccination program.
_____4. Quarantine newly acquired stocks.
_____5. Schedule your parasite control program.
_____6. Allow farm personnel and all visitors in animal units.
_____7. Dispose dead animals (burying, incineration) properly.
_____8. Minimize entry of people and other animals within the farm.
_____9. Wash and disinfect equipment from isolation units thoroughly.
_____10. Instruct all personnel responsible for service truck deliveries on biosecurity
procedures upon entering the farm.
Key to Corrections:
1. TRUE
6. TRUE
2. TRUE
7. TRUE
3. TRUE
8. TRUE
4. TRUE
9. TRUE
5. TRUE
10. TRUE

1. If you were a goat raiser, write the ways to manage the health and nutrition of your goats
or sheep.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. If the health of the goats has not been secured, what might happen to the herd?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Transfer
Invite the municipal veterinarian to talk to the class about health and health related
problems of goats and sheep.

a. status of goat and sheep raising in the Philippines
b. future of goat and sheep raising
c. health problems of goats and sheep
d. management practices
e. feeding management
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before
leaving

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
reminders or
had materials
removed
reminders or
Score
neat
Respects of
others
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
respectful of
others
teacher
intervention
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
POST ASSESSMENT
disinfectant?
c. hot water
_____2. The following are the properties of disinfectant EXCEPT ONE.
b. Once a month
it?
_____7. Rinse all residues of the disinfectant thoroughly before repopulating the
pen/area. The statement implies what principle of disinfection?
a. Time to act of the disinfectant
_____8. The following are the examples of practicing sanitation EXCEPT ONE.
d. Dumping trashes and wastes anywhere
_____9. The following are examples of practices in eliminating hazards EXCEPT ONE.
d. Allowing any person to enter the goat/sheep shed
_____10. Why is it important to dispose dead animals?
a. They are potent sources of disease agent
SUMMARY
The three measures such as disinfection, waste management and biosecurity are
necessary for small ruminant raisers. These are recommended procedures to follow to
ensure health among herds and flocks. Likewise, when doing it, it is important to consider
the properties of an ideal disinfectant.
Waste management and biosecurity measures are very necessary especially in the
avoidance of potential disease and parasite agents for goat and sheep.
QUARTER ASSESSMENT
b. Disease
_____2. This is the classification of disease wherein it is readily communicable to
susceptible individuals.
b. Contagious
a. shiny skins
d. Veterinarian
d. 100-110 beats/minute
associated?
_____8. This is caused by direct infection by ingestion of infective stage (oocyst) thrives
in moist, damp and unsanitary areas.
a. Coccidiosis
examples of _____________________.
b. Bloat
b. Lice infestation
_____13. Because of these external parasites, the goat or sheep may terminate in date
due to systemic toxemia, gangrene or septic absorption.
a. Bow flies
c. Quarantine
a. Smell goaty odor
_____17. These are parasites found on the external surface of the animal body such as
skin and hairs.
b. Ectoparasites
c. Endoparasites
disinfectant?
c. hot water
_____21. The following are the ideal properties of disinfectant EXCEPT ONE.
b. Once a month
it?
SUMMARY
A Health Program for the herd and flock is very essential. This is very critical for
the goat and sheep raiser. If not managed properly, it will cause the downfall of
production and the business. The strict implementation of the herd health program is
crucial alongside a feeding regimen for it will ensure efficiency of the project.
FOURTH QUARTER
Module No. 6. ANALYZE RECORD

Content Standard
The learner can explain how to keep and analyze updated records of raising small
ruminants based on organization standards.
Performance Standard
The learner keeps and analyzes updated records on raising small ruminants based on
organization standards.
introduction
This learning module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required in
keeping essential records of small ruminants production. It will give you needed
information regarding recording activity in the project from production up to marketing
based on organization standards.
Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
1. keep/ update records regarding raising small ruminants according to
organization standards;
2. analyze the viability of the project based on your records; and
3. make sound management decisions based on your records.
Pre-Assessment
Direction: Answer these questions. Write letter of your chosen answer in your activity
notebook.
_____1. This refers to management practices of maintaining history of ones activity by

entering data on documents in files.
d. Record Keeping
_____2. This type of record includes the records of diseases and sickness observed from
the ruminants.
b. Health Records
_____3. This record includes records incurred in feeding and the expenses relative to it.
a. Feed Records
_____4. Record of the original number of stocks, newly purchased animals, goats sold,
and deaths.
c. Livestock Inventory
_____5. Which of the following is the list of information or activities gathered over a
certain period?
d. Record
_____6. What is left after deducting the expenses from the gross sales?
d. Profit
_____7. Which of the following is not a quality of a good record?
c. Incomplete data
_____8. Which record reflects the total number of stock in the project?
c. Record of inventory
_____9. This is a kind of record that reflects all inputs.
b. Production record
_____10. Mang Jun is very keen on recording all the expenses he incurred in his small
ruminants production. What objective of record keeping is he observing?
a. Monitor project expenses
_____11. Repair and maintenance and labor will fall under what type of expenses?
b. Operating Expenses
_____12. Fixed investment includes the following EXCEPT ___________________.
d. Veterinary drugs
Identify the following records

_____13. What record is shown below?
Particulars
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
b. Records of Expenses
Kind of Feeds/Feedstuffs
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
TOTAL
b. Feed Record
Review the table below and answer the questions that follow:
Total Cost
Technical Assumptions
Parameter
Production System
Assumption
Full Confinement
Stocks
Doe
Upgraded
Buck
Purebred Boer
Buck-to-doe ratio
1:25
Male-to-female ratio
1:1
Land Area for pasture (ha for 25-doe level)
0.5
Number of laborers per 50-doe level
Number of days of labor per year
183
Housing (m2 per head)

Doe
1.5
Buck
Fattener
Type of housing
Semipermanent
Useful life of housing (in years)
Conception rate
First two months of breeding
90%
Succeeding breedings
95%
_____15. What type of goat production system the farmer would like to follow?
c. Full confinement
_____16. How many goats will the farmer raise including the buck?
c. 26
_____17. If the number of goats will exceed 100, how many laborer/s will the farmer
hire?
b. 2
_____18. With 25 does, what is the total measurement of their space requirement?
a. 37.5 m2
_____19. What is the type of housing?
d. Semi-permanent
Financial Assumptions
Items
Amount (Php.)
Farm Establishment Costs

Cost of permits and registration of business
10,000
Cost of one purebred boer buck
20,000
Cost of one upgraded doe
3,000
Cost per m2 of housing
200
Cost per area of fencing
20,000
Cost of pasture establishment per ha
5,000
Direct Production Costs

Cost of concentrate feeds per kg
17
Cost of UMMB per kg
20
Cost of veterinary drugs and supplies/animal per month:

Kid
Growing
Breeder doe
15
Breeder buck
Labor cost/day
200
Cost of pasture maintenance/ha per year
1,000
_____20. If the goat project will need boer 2 bucks, how much will you prepare?
a. 40, 000.00
_____21. How much is the cost of permits and registration of business?
a. 10, 000.00
_____22. With the given 25-doe level, how much will the farmer spend in buying the
does?
a. 75, 000.00
_____23. How much is the total Farm establishment Cost?
a. 58, 200.00
_____24. In 183 days of working in the farm, what will be the total labor cost?
a. 36, 600.00
_____25. In marketing, this may be in the form of live goat whether for slaughter or for
breeding, chevon, milk or other goat products.
d. Product
Lesson 1. RECORD KEEPING

Introduction
This lesson primarily deals on record keeping: its parts and types. This includes
samples of different records being used in small ruminants production.
1. define record keeping;
2. state the importance of keeping farm records;
3. enumerate the different inclusions of a record;
4. recall the types of records; and
5. show examples of individual animal record and examples of records to keep.
Pre-Assessment
Direction: Read the following questions. Choose the correct letter of your answer and write
your answer in your activity notebook.
_____1. Production records include the following EXCEPT ONE.

d. Date of Kidding
_____2. In this type of record, date of kidding, date of service and buck used, and pregnancy
diagnosis are included.
d. Reproduction/breeding record
_____3. Included in this kind of record are amount and kind of grain, roughage or forage feed
consumed, estimated composition of feeds and relative cost.
a. Feed Record
a. Operating Expenses
_____5. Fixed investment includes the following EXCEPT ____________________.
d. Veterinary drugs

Particulars
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
a. Feed Record
Goat No. or name __________
Date of Birth _________________
Sire _____________________
Birth weight (kg) ______________
Dam ____________________
Color_______________________
Sex _____________________
Littermates: __Single__ Twins__ Triplets
Method of Disposal _________
Weight at Disposal (Kg) ________
Date of
Breeding
Sire
Date of
Kidding
Kid
No.
and
Sex
Birth
Weight
Milk
Prod.
Lact.
Days
Ave.
Prod.
Remarks
b. Individual Record
Product
Unit
Quantity
Standard/appraised Value
b. Production Record
(kg)
Unit
Cost
Consumers
Total
Name
Mode of Sale
Cash
Amount
Amt.
O.R. No.
Total
____
____
_______
b. Records of Sale
Process
Activity 1
Direction: Write the inclusions of a record for small scale goat and sheep production.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Key to Correction:
1. Animal Identification
6. Livestock Inventory
2. Daily/Weekly Milk Production
7. Expense and income
3. Breeding/Kidding Record
4. Health record
5. Record on Management Practices
Activity 2
Direction: Write the examples of the following investments and expenses on your
activity notebook following the tabular format below:
Fixed Investments
Operating Expenses
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
Key to Correction:
Fixed Investments
Operating Expenses
1. Land
1. Feeds
2. Goat houses and fences
2. Labor
3. Farm tools
3. Veterinary Drugs
4. Pasture Area
4. Light and Water
5. Equipment
5. Repair and Maintenance
Understand
1. What is the importance of record keeping in small ruminant production?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. What do you think will happen if the small ruminant raiser does not keep records
pertaining to the business?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. How important is an income record?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Transfer
Activity
Visit a goat production in your community and secure different records in production and
analyze the data entered.
Guide Questions:
1. What type of record did you secure?
2. Are the records useful in the operation of the goat production?
3. What are the inconsistencies or inaccuracies manifested in the records?
Submit your analysis paper to your teacher on the day he/she requires you.
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several
reminders or
had materials
Score
removed
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
respectful of
others
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
Post Assessment
_____1. Production records include the following EXCEPT ONE.

d. Date of Kidding
_____2. In this type of record, date of kidding, date of service and buck used, and pregnancy
diagnosis are included.
d. Reproduction/breeding record
_____3. Included in this kind of record are amount and kind of grain, roughage or forage feed
consumed, estimated composition of feeds and relative cost.
a. Feed Record
a. Operating Expenses
_____5. Fixed investment includes the following EXCEPT ____________________.
d. Veterinary drugs

Particulars
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
a. Feed Record
Goat No. or name __________
Date of Birth _________________
Sire _____________________
Birth weight (kg) ______________
Dam ____________________
Color_______________________
Sex _____________________
Littermates: __Single__ Twins__ Triplets
Method of Disposal _________
Weight at Disposal (Kg) ________
Date of
Breeding
Sire
Date of
Kidding
Kid
No.
and
Sex
Birth
Weight
Milk
Prod.
Lact.
Days
Ave.
Prod.
Remarks
b. Individual Record
Product
Unit
Quantity
Standard/appraised Value
b. Production Record
(kg)
Unit
Cost
Consumers
Total
Name
Mode of Sale
Cash
Amount
Amt.
O.R. No.
Total
____
____
_______
b. Records of Sale
SUMMARY
Record keeping is a key to success in any business operations. The importance of
farm records include analyzing the individual performance of goat and sheep, formulating
appropriate measures when needed, monitoring project expenses and finding out the status
of the business.
A record should include: animal identification, daily/weekly milk production,
breeding/kidding record, health record, management practices record, livestock inventory,
and expenses and income record.
Lesson 2. TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSUMPTIONS

Introduction
This lesson deals on technical and financial data which are important in putting up an
agricultural enterprise. Included are the analytical tools that can be used in project planning
and in predicting how the business would generate under a set of assumptions.
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
explain the importance of technical assumptions in small ruminants enterprise ;

explain the importance of financial assumptions in small ruminants enterprise;
interpret the data provided in the assumptions; and
analyze the assumption given.
Pre-Assessment
For items 1-5. Review the table below and answer the questions that follow:
Parameter
Production System
Stocks
Doe
Buck
Buck-to-doe ratio
Doe
Buck
Fattener
Type of housing
Conception rate
Assumption
Full Confinement
Upgraded
Purebred Boer
1:25
1:1
0.5
1
183
1.5
2
1
Semipermanent
5
90%
95%
c. Full confinement
c. 26
_____3. If the number of goats will exceed 100, how many laborer/s will the farmer hire?
b. 2
a. 37.5 m2
d. Semi-permanent
Items
Cost of UMMB per kg
Kid
Amount (Php.)
10,000
20,000
3,000
200
20,000
5,000
17
20
5
Growing
Breeder doe
Breeder buck
Labor cost/day
7
15
7
200
1,000
a. 40, 000.00
a. 10, 000.00
_____8. With the given 25-doe level, how much will the farmer spend in buying the does?
a. 75, 000.00
a. 58, 200.00
a. 36, 600.00
Process
Direction: Write whether the following parameters are part of Technical Assumption or
Financial Assumption.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Your Answer
Parameters
Production System
Kidding Size
Concentrate feeds consumption
Overhead Costs
Housing
Selling price/kg liveweight
Mortality Rate
Taxes, inflation, and cost of capital
Key to Correction:
1. Technical Assumption
6. Financial Assumption
1. Why is technical assumption important in small ruminant production?

________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Why is financial assumption important in small ruminant production?
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Is registering your goat and sheep production business important? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Transfer
Activity
Directions: Given 50 doe-level, make a technical and financial assumption. Use the
format below.
A. Technical Assumption
Parameter
Production System
Stocks
Doe
Buck
Buck-to-doe ratio
Doe
Buck
Fattener
Type of housing
Conception rate
Kidding Size
First kidding
Succeeding kiddings
Kidding per year
Culling rate
Mortality Rate
Matured
First year
Succeeding years
Assumption
Growing
First batch
Succeeding batches
Kid
First batch
Succeeding batches
Forage consumption (kg/day)
Kinds of forage
Concentrate feeds consumption
Kid (g/head/day for 60 days)
Growing (g/head/day for 150 days)
Breeder doe (g/head/day for 60 days per year)
Breeder buck (g/head/day for 60 days per year)
Urea molasses mineral block (UMMB)consumption (g/head/day for March and April)
Breeder does and bucks
Average liveweight at marketing (kg)
Fattener
Year 2
Year 3
Succeeding years
Culled breeder doe
Culled breeder buck
B. Financial Assumption
Items
Cost of UMMB per kg
Kid
Growing
Breeder doe
Breeder buck
Labor cost/day
Overhead Costs
Land rent/year (based on the net income from a hectare
rainfed rice farm)
Transportation cost to the market per animal
Cost of electricity per month
Maintenance cost of housing/m2 per year
Selling price/kg liveweight
Amount (Php.)
Fattener
Culled breeder does and buck
Taxes, inflation, and cost of capital
Depreciation Method
Tax rate
Cost of debt
Cost of equity
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
Inflation rate
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly
Cleans area
before

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
appropriately
Student
needed
several

cleaned up
usually
and kept area
cleaned up
Student
needed a few
reminders to
Student
needed
several
reminders or
had materials
removed
Score
leaving
neat.
and kept area

neat
clean up.
reminders or
teacher
intervention
Respects of
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
others
respectful of
others
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
POST ASSESSMENT
Parameter
Production System
Stocks
Doe
Buck
Buck-to-doe ratio
Doe
Buck
Fattener
Type of housing
Conception rate
Assumption
Full Confinement
Upgraded
Purebred Boer
1:25
1:1
0.5
1
183
1.5
2
1
Semipermanent
5
90%
95%
c. Full confinement
c. 26
_____3. If the number of goats will exceed 100, how many laborer/s will the farmer hire?
b. 2
a. 37.5 m2
d. Semi-permanent
Items
Cost of UMMB per kg
Kid
Growing
Breeder doe
Breeder buck
Labor cost/day
Amount (Php.)
10,000
20,000
3,000
200
20,000
5,000
17
20
5
7
15
7
200
1,000
a. 40, 000.00
a. 10, 000.00
_____8. With the given 25-doe level, how much will the farmer spend in buying the does?
a. 75, 000.00
a. 58, 200.00
a. 36, 600.00
SUMMARY
Two assumptions are important to know and practice by goat and sheep raisers.
These are Technical Assumptions and Financial Assumptions. This is done to estimate the
revenues and cost of the animals to raise in a given time frame.
Lesson 3. Marketing and Enterprise

Introduction
This lesson deals on the importance of marketing the products of small ruminants. This
includes marketing strategies and plans to ensure the success of the activity and earn profit.
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
discuss marketing;
cite different marketing strategies;
explain niche marketing;
explain marketing plan; and
enumerate the parts of marketing plans.
Pre-Assessment
_____1. This is the term for goat meat.
a. Chevon
_____2. This is the term for sheep meat.
c. Mutton
_____3. This is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and
distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and
organizational goals.
c. Marketing
_____4. It is a meeting place of buyers and sellers who transact over a particular product or
product class.
c. Market
d. Product
_____6. It is the amount of money that customers are willing to pay for the product.
b. Price
_____7. This refers to the various activities that a company or a farm undertakes to
communicate its products merits and to persuade target customers to buy them.
c. Promotion
_____8. This stands for the various activities that the farmer or processor undertakes to
make the product accessible and available to target consumers.
a. Place
_____9. This occurs when specialized markets are choosen and the farmer moves away from
competing in the commodity markets of bulk buying and undifferentiated products.
a. Niche Marketing
_____10. The key questions to answer in the marketing plan are the following EXCEPT
c. How much is the price of gasoline?
Process
In your own point of view, discuss briefly the Four (4) Ps of Marketing
Product
Price
Promotion
Place
1. What are the importance of having the knowledge in marketing goat and sheep
products?
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Cite what goat menu would you like most and justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Transfer
Activity 1
Directions: Visit the market and survey the price of the chevon or goat meat and mutton or
sheep meat. Be able to fill-up the following information:
Name of Market: _____________________________________________________
Address:____________________________________________________________
Name of Vendor:_____________________________________________________
Prevailing Price of Chevon:_____________________
Mutton:__________________
Activity 2
Directions: Research at least five (5) menus of chevon and mutton. Be able to include the
title of the recipes, their ingredients, materials to be used and the process of preparation and
cooking. Cite also the sources/references of the recipes.
Name of Recipe:______________________________________________________
Ingredients:__________________________________________________________
Materials:___________________________________________________________
Procedures:_________________________________________________________
Activity 3
Directions: Suggest an experimental menu out of mutton and chevon meat. Be able to follow
the format below:
Name of Recipe:______________________________________________________
Ingredients:__________________________________________________________
Materials:___________________________________________________________
Procedures:_________________________________________________________
Criterion
Participates
in the activity
Qualities
4
Student
volunteered
task
Respects
personal
space
of classmates
Student
volunteered a
few times
during the
activity
Student
participated
Student
refused
only when
called on
to participate
Student was
very focused
and remained
on task
Student was
somewhat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
get back on
task
Student
needed
several
Student always
respected
personal
space by
keeping hands
and feet to self
Student
usually
respected
Student
needed a few
reminders to
respect
personal
space
Student
needed
several
several times
during the
activity
Remains on
focused and
was mostly on
task
personal
space by
keeping
reminders or
redirection to
get back on
task
reminders or
teacher
intervention
hands and feet

to self
Uses
materials
properly

appropriately
materials
appropriately
Student
needed a few
reminders to
use materials
Student
needed
several
reminders or
Score
Cleans area
before
leaving
Respects of
others
appropriately
had materials
removed
Student always
cleaned up
and kept area
neat.
Student
usually
cleaned up
and kept area
neat
Student
needed a few
reminders to
clean up.
Student
needed
several
Student was
always
respectful of
others
Student was
usually
Student
needed a few
reminders to
be respectful
Student
needed
several
respectful of
others
reminders or
teacher
intervention
reminders or
was very
disrespectful
Total
Post Assessment
_____1. This is the term for goat meat.
a. Chevon
_____2. This is the term for sheep meat.
c. Mutton
_____3. This is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and
distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and
organizational goals.
c. Marketing
_____4. It is a meeting place of buyers and sellers who transact over a particular product or
product class.
c. Market
d. Product
_____6. It is the amount of money that customers are willing to pay for the product.
b. Price
_____7. This refers to the various activities that a company or a farm undertakes to
communicate its products merits and to persuade target customers to buy them.
c. Promotion
_____8. This stands for the various activities that the farmer or processor undertakes to
make the product accessible and available to target consumers.
a. Place
_____9. This occurs when specialized markets are choosen and the farmer moves away from
competing in the commodity markets of bulk buying and undifferentiated products.
a. Niche Marketing
_____10. The key questions to answer in the marketing plan are the following EXCEPT
c. How much is the price of gasoline?
Summary
Marketing is necessary to carry out by a farmer. It is defined as the process of
planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods
and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.
Marketing goats and sheep entails the four (4) Ps of marketing which include
product, price, promotion, and place.
Marketing plan is also necessary to execute by the farmers.
Post Assessment:
Direction: Answer these questions. Write letter of your chosen answer in your activity
notebook.
_____1. This refers to management practices of maintaining history of ones activity by
entering data on documents in files.
d. Record Keeping
_____2. This type of record includes the records of diseases and sickness observed from
the ruminants.
b. Health Records
_____3. This record includes records incurred in feeding and the expenses relative to it.
a. Feed Records
_____4. Record of the original number of stocks, newly purchased animals, goats sold,
and deaths.
c. Livestock Inventory
_____5. Which of the following is the list of information or activities gathered over a
certain period?
d. Record
_____6. What is left after deducting the expenses from the gross sales?
d. Profit
_____7. Which of the following is not a quality of a good record?
c. Incomplete data
_____8. Which record reflects the total number of stock in the project?
c. Record of inventory
_____9. This is a kind of record that reflects all inputs.
b. Production record
_____10. Mang Jun is very keen on recording all the expenses he incurred in his small
ruminants production. What objective of record keeping is he observing?
a. Monitor project expenses
b. Operating Expenses
_____12. Fixed investment includes the following EXCEPT ___________________.
d. Veterinary drugs
Particulars
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
Quantity
Unit
Unit Cost
Total Cost
TOTAL
b. Feed Record
Review the table below and answer the questions that follow:
Parameter
Production System
Stocks
Doe
Buck
Buck-to-doe ratio
Doe
Buck
Fattener
Type of housing
Conception rate
Assumption
Full Confinement
Upgraded
Purebred Boer
1:25
1:1
0.5
1
183
1.5
2
1
Semipermanent
5
90%
95%
c. Full confinement
c. 26
_____17. If the number of goats will exceed 100, how many laborer/s will the farmer
hire?
b. 2
a. 37.5 m2
d. Semi-permanent
Items
Amount (Php.)
10,000
20,000
3,000

Cost of UMMB per kg
Kid
Growing
Breeder doe
Breeder buck
Labor cost/day
200
20,000
5,000
17
20
5
7
15
7
200
1,000
a. 40, 000.00
a. 10, 000.00
_____22. With the given 25-doe level, how much will the farmer spend in buying the
does?
a. 75, 000.00
a. 58, 200.00
a. 36, 600.00
d. Product
SUMMARY
Record keeping is another important aspect of small ruminants raising; it keeps track
of the status and progress of the endeavor. Once a farm record-keeping system has been
established, analyzing the records begins. After analysis, the raiser makes decisions on
both production and finances and their impact on profitability. A number of financial
analysis tools can be used when accurate and complete farm records are available.
These tools include the balance sheet, income statement and projected monthly cash
flow statement. These three financial statements provide information for making short
and long term financial decisions.

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AFA ANIMAL PRODUCTION GRADE 10 TEACHING GUIDE

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Identify the ideal site for housing the herd.

Answer: d. It facilitates cleaning and provides ventilation.

Answer: Water supply

and the market should be taken into consideration.

Answer: PLASTIC BASINS

AFA ANIMAL PRODUCTION GRADE 10 TEACHING GUIDE

11. This breed is known to be the finest wool producer.

Score rubric to be for the activity:

Identified 1- 4 parts and able to discuss positive traits that the

employed to pursue the objective?

Answer: c. To maintain the purity of his stock

5. Which of the following materials is not used when performing AI?

j. 120 125 million

h. elevate its rear parts

4. Perform artificial insemination;

How do you differentiate estrous cycle from estrus period?

Date of in-heat period at 10 months old:

Date and time of in-heat period:

Date and time first served:

Date and time second served:

Signs of heat recurrence:

Note: The record is applicable in controlled or hand mating.

Date of First Service at 8 months:

Succeeding services at 1 year old

Expected Date to Kid

4. August 31, 2015

Right time to breed (standing heat)

Proper breeding technique

Care for the animals

is the expected date to fresher?

Why is feeding essential to breeding buck during breeding season?

Ear number of the animal:

Reasons for culling

Present your work to the class for interactive discussion.

7. Which of the following is not a sign of estrous among breeder does?

AFA ANIMAL PRODUCTION GRADE 10 TEACHING GUIDE

Monitor signs of approaching kidding/lambing

10. Separate lactating goats from the breeder males

Lesson 1 MONITORING AND ASSISTING KIDDING/LAMBING

dried banana leaves

1. This is considered good bedding material for newly-born kids.

Signs of approaching kidding

6. The removal of horn in mature goat

Proper use of instruments

Care for the animal

Estimated Age Through

Answer: b. Concentrate and roughage

How can a raiser increase the milk production of a lactating doe?

enough vitamins and minerals.

Routinely Activities for Lactating Does

1. providing enough vitamins and mineral

2. clip hair in the udder regularly

3. noise and strangers are observed

5. gentleness of the milker

6. comb and brush the goat well

7. wash hand well before milking the doe

9. dry the udder with clean towel after washing