The document compares theories related to lower-order thinking skills (LOT) and higher-order thinking skills (HOT). LOT involves recalling information, applying concepts to familiar situations, and using well-known algorithms to solve problems with a single correct answer. HOT is characterized as non-algorithmic and involves justifying solutions, explaining reasoning, and solving complex problems with multiple possible answers, especially in unfamiliar contexts.
The document compares theories related to lower-order thinking skills (LOT) and higher-order thinking skills (HOT). LOT involves recalling information, applying concepts to familiar situations, and using well-known algorithms to solve problems with a single correct answer. HOT is characterized as non-algorithmic and involves justifying solutions, explaining reasoning, and solving complex problems with multiple possible answers, especially in unfamiliar contexts.
The document compares theories related to lower-order thinking skills (LOT) and higher-order thinking skills (HOT). LOT involves recalling information, applying concepts to familiar situations, and using well-known algorithms to solve problems with a single correct answer. HOT is characterized as non-algorithmic and involves justifying solutions, explaining reasoning, and solving complex problems with multiple possible answers, especially in unfamiliar contexts.
The document compares theories related to lower-order thinking skills (LOT) and higher-order thinking skills (HOT). LOT involves recalling information, applying concepts to familiar situations, and using well-known algorithms to solve problems with a single correct answer. HOT is characterized as non-algorithmic and involves justifying solutions, explaining reasoning, and solving complex problems with multiple possible answers, especially in unfamiliar contexts.
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Perbandingan Teori Berkaitan KBAR dan KBAT
Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Rendah (KBAR)
Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT)
Lower-order thinking (LOT) is often
characterized by the recall of information or the application of concepts or knowledge to familiar situations and contexts. Resnick (1987)
Characterized higher-order thinking
(HOT) as non-algorithmic. Resnick (1987)
LOT tasks requires a student to recall
a fact, perform a simple operation, or solve a familiar type of problem. It does not require the student to work outside the familiarSchmalz (1973)
The use of complex, non-algorithmic
thinking to solve a task in which there is not a predictable, well-rehearsed approach or pathway explicitly suggested by the task, task instruction, or a worked out example. Stein and Lane (1996)
LOT is involved when students are
solving tasks where the solution requires applying a well-known algorithm, often with no justification, explanation, or proof required, and where only a single correct answer is possible. Senk, Beckman, & Thompson (1997)
HOT as solving tasks where no
algorithm has been taught, where justification or explanation are required, and where more than one solution may be possible. Senk, et al (1997)
LOT as solving tasks while working in
familiar situations and contexts; or, applying algorithms already familiar to the student. Thompson (2008)
HOT involves solving tasks where an
algorithm has not been taught or using known algorithms while working in unfamiliar contexts or situations. Thompson (2008)