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    As Physics Electricity Chapter 9

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    LawrenceOnthuga
    1. Current is the rate of flow of electric charge measured in Amperes. It is defined as the conventional flow from positive to negative. 2. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for electric charge to flow through a material, defined as the ratio of voltage to current. It is measured in Ohms. 3. Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit and is calculated by multiplying voltage by current. It is measured in Watts.

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    As Physics Electricity Chapter 9

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    LawrenceOnthuga
    378 views17 pages
    1. Current is the rate of flow of electric charge measured in Amperes. It is defined as the conventional flow from positive to negative. 2. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for electric charge to flow through a material, defined as the ratio of voltage to current. It is measured in Ohms. 3. Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit and is calculated by multiplying voltage by current. It is measured in Watts.

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    AS Physics Chapter 9

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    1. Current is the rate of flow of electric charge measured in Amperes. It is defined as the conventional flow from positive to negative. 2. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for electric charge to flow through a material, defined as the ratio of voltage to current. It is measured in Ohms. 3. Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit and is calculated by multiplying voltage by current. It is measured in Watts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    378 views17 pages

    As Physics Electricity Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    LawrenceOnthuga
    1. Current is the rate of flow of electric charge measured in Amperes. It is defined as the conventional flow from positive to negative. 2. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for electric charge to flow through a material, defined as the ratio of voltage to current. It is measured in Ohms. 3. Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit and is calculated by multiplying voltage by current. It is measured in Watts.

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    ELECTRICITY-Chapter

    9
    Circuit Symbols
    Electric Current

    Rate of flow of charge. I =

    Conventional
    Current.

    Current that is regarded to flow from positive to


    negative. i.e. flow of positive charge as it was
    earlier known.

    Charge Carriers
    Current and Drift
    Velocity

    Solids: Electrons

    Electromotive
    Force(EMF)
    Potential;
    difference
    Potential;
    (Voltage)
    difference
    (Voltage)
    Resistance
    Resistance

    Total work done per unit charge flowing round a complete circuit.

    Power
    Power

    Q = It

    Electrolytes: Positive and negative ions

    I = nAVe; number of electrons per cubic metre, A-crosssection area, V- velocity and e = charge of an electron.
    Measured in Volts

    Energy per unit charge between two points on a circuit.

    Measured In Volts.
    =
    Ratio of potential difference across a component to the current
    that
    through it.
    Measured
    in Ohms()
    Ratioflow
    of potential
    difference
    across
    a component to the current
    that flow through it. Measured
    2
    P = IV orinVOhms()
    /R or I2R.
    P = IV or V2/R or I2R.

    Current:

    Is the RATE of flow of charge

    Current is Measured in
    Amperes(A) by ammeter

    Drift velocity of electrons

    How fast do electrons flow through a wire?

    Volume of cylinder = AL
    [where A is the cross-sectional area of the wire and length L]
    If there are n electrons per cubic metre then:
    Number of electrons in cylinder = nAL
    If each electron carries charge e then:
    Charge carried by electrons in cylinder = nALe
    But Current = charge/time = nALe/t
    So

    I = nAVe

    or V =

    but [ V=L/t]

    I = nAVe
    1. Calculatethedriftvelocityinapieceofwirewherethecurrentis
    1A,thefreeelectrondensityis5.0x1028m-3andthediameterofthe
    wireis1mm.[ans1.6x10-4 ms-1]
    2. Calculatethedriftvelocityofthechargecarriersinasampleofsemi
    conductorwhichis5mmwideand2mmthickifthecurrentis10mA
    andthecarrierdensityis6x1023m-3.[10-2 ms-1]
    3. Calculatethedriftvelocityofelectronsinasampleofcopperof
    chargedensity=6x1028m-3whichhasthesamedimensionsasthe
    semiconductorinquestion2andalsocarriesacurrentof10mA.
    [1.04x10-7 ms-1]

    Conventional current.
    Current that flows from positive to
    negative or flow of positive charge as it
    was earlier known.
    Electrons flows in opposite directionnegative to positive.
    An electron has a charge of: -1.6x10-19 Coulombs.
    e-

    +_
    e-

    Electromotiveforce(e.m.f)
    Total work done per unit charge flowing round a
    complete circuit. Measured in Volts
    TheelectricalenergytransferredfromotherformsperCoulombofchargethatpassesthroughthebattery/source.
    Tomeasuree.m.fconnectavoltmeteracrosstheterminalsofthebattery

    Emf,E=

    W=Q

    POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE.
    Potential difference ( Voltage) is energy required
    per Coulomb of charge to move from one point
    to another.
    V = energy = W
    Charge = Q
    Units: Volt(V) or JC-1

    P.d across bulb =


    VA - V B

    The Volt

    The p.d. between two points if one


    Joule of work is done bringing one
    Coulomb of charge from one point to
    the other.

    The Ohm

    The resistance of a component when a


    potential difference of 1volt drives a
    current of 1A through the conductor.

    RESISTORS IN SERIES
    R1

    R2

    R3
    10

    15
    R3

    10

    In Series the total resistance


    is sum of all resistors.
    RT = R1 + R2 + R3

    Calculate
    (a) the total resistance of the circuits
    (b) The current in the circuit. I=V/R
    1.5V

    1.5V

    1.5V

    RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL
    In Parallel the total resistance is

    1=1+1
    RT
    R1 R2

    R1

    R2
    R2

    R
    R33

    Find
    (a) the total resistance
    (b) The current flowing in the circuit

    Find the total resistance

    What is Resistance?
    Is

    the ratio of voltage to current


    flowing through a circuit.
    Measured in ohms().

    Electrical Energy
    Electrical

    energy is energy supplied


    by flowing electric current.
    E= voltage x Charge =QC

    = Voltage x current x time.


    E=

    vIt

    ELECTRICAL POWER

    Electrical

    power is rate of energy transfer.

    Power

    = = IV
    Power = voltage x current
    P = IV
    P=
    P

    Power

    is measured in Watts or J/s

    Fuses
    Fuse: piece of wire that will melt when a current of a certain
    size passes though it. Connected on the live wire.

    The fuse value needs to be just above the


    normal operating current

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