Astm D 93 13
Astm D 93 13
Astm D 93 13
Designation: 34/99
INTRODUCTION
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash
point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40
to 370C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or
an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the
determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature
range of 60 to 190C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed
cup apparatus.
NOTE 2It has been common practice in flash point standards for many
decades to alternately use a Cscale or an Fscale thermometer for
temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments,
they are not equivalent. Because the Fscale thermometer used in this
procedure is graduated in 5 increments, it is not possible to read it to the
2C equivalent increment of 3.6F. Therefore, for the purposes of
application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test
method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is
intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses
following the SI unit, for example 370C (698F). When a temperature is
1
These test methods are under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, these test methods are under the
jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved July 15, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D93 12. DOI:
10.1520/D0093-13E01.
1
Not for Resale
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This flash point test method is a dynamic test method which depends on specified rates of heating
to be able to meet the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of some materials. There
are flash point test methods with slower heating rates available, such as Test Method D3941 (for
paints, resins, and related products, and high viscosity products in the range of 0 to110C), where the
test conditions are closer to equilibrium.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
D93 131
3.1.4.1 DiscussionThis condition may not be fully
achieved in practice, since the temperature may not be uniform
throughout the test specimen, and the test cover and shutter on
the apparatus can be cooler.
intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after
or, for example, 2C or 5F.
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 biodiesel, na fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
fats, designated B100.
3.1.2 biodiesel blends, na blend of biodiesel fuel with
petroleum-based diesel fuel.
3.1.3 dynamic, adjin petroleum productsin petroleum
product flash point test methodsthe condition where the
vapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are not in
temperature equilibrium at the time that the ignition source is
applied.
3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is primarily caused by the heating
of the test specimen at the constant prescribed rate with the
vapor temperature lagging behind the test specimen temperature.
3.1.4 equilibrium, n in petroleum productsin petroleum
product flash point test methodsthe condition where the
vapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are at the
same temperature at the time the ignition source is applied.
5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash
point test procedures for temperatures up to 370C (698F).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
For information on U.S. Department of Transportation regulations, see Codes
of U.S. Regulations 49 CFR Chapter 1 and the U.S. Department of Labor, see 29
CFR Chapter XVII. Each of these items is revised annually and may be procured
from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402.
2
Not for Resale
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D93 131
8.2 At least 75 mL of sample is required for each test. Refer
to Practice D4057. When obtaining a sample of residual fuel
oil, the sample container shall be from 85 to 95 % full. For
other types of samples, the size of the container shall be chosen
such that the container is not more than 85 % full or less than
50 % full prior to any sample aliquot being taken. For biodiesel
(B100) samples, a typical one liter container filled to 85%
volume is recommended.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Apparatus (manual)
This apparatus consists of the test cup, test cover and shutter,
stirring device, heating source, ignition source device, air bath,
and top plate described in detail in Annex A1. The assembled
manual apparatus, test cup, test cup cover, and test cup
assembly are illustrated in Figs. A1.1-A1.4, respectively. Dimensions are listed respectively.
8.4 Erroneously high flash points may be obtained if precautions are not taken to avoid the loss of volatile material. Do
not open containers unnecessarily, to prevent loss of volatile
material or possible introduction of moisture, or both. Avoid
storage of samples at temperatures in excess of 35C or 95F.
Samples for storage shall be capped tightly with inner seals. Do
not make a transfer unless the sample temperature is at least the
equivalent of 18C or 32F below the expected flash point.
Thermometer Number
ASTM
IP
9C (9F)
15C
88C (88F)
101C
10C (10F)
16C
NOTE 5Volatile vapors can escape during heating when the sample
container is not properly sealed.
NOTE 6Some viscous samples may not completely liquefy even after
prolonged periods of heating. Care should be exercised when increasing
the heating temperature to avoid unnecessary loss of volatile vapors, or
heating the sample too close to the flash point.
8. Sampling
8.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with instructions given in
Practices D4057, D4177, or E300.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Support the manual or automated apparatus on a level
steady surface, such as a table.
Supporting data regarding a variant of the cover locking mechanism have been
filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting
Research Report RR:D02-1706.
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D93 131
9.2 Tests are to be performed in a draft-free room or
compartment. Tests made in a laboratory hood or in any
location where drafts occur are not reliable.
PROCEDURE A
11. Procedure
11.1 Manual Apparatus:
11.1.1 Ensure that the sample container is filled to the
volume capacity requirement specified in 8.2. Fill the test cup
with the test specimen to the filling mark inside of the test cup.
The temperature of the test cup and test specimen shall be at
least 18C or 32F below the expected flash point. If too much
test specimen has been added to the test cup, remove the excess
using a syringe or similar device for withdrawal of fluid. Place
the test cover on the test cup and place the assembly into the
apparatus. Be sure the locating or locking device is properly
engaged. If the temperature measuring device is not already in
place, insert the device into its holder.
11.1.2 Light the test flame, and adjust it to a diameter of 3.2
to 4.8 mm (0.126 to 0.189 in.), or switch on the electric igniter
and adjust the intensity in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. (WarningGas pressure should not be allowed
to exceed 3 kPa (12 in.) of water pressure.) (Warning
Exercise care when using a gas test flame. If it should be
extinguished it will not ignite the vapors in the test cup, and the
gas for the test flame that then enters the vapor space can
influence the result.) (WarningThe operator should exercise
and take appropriate safety precautions during the initial
application of the ignition source, since test specimens containing low-flash material can give an abnormally strong flash
when the ignition source is first applied.) (WarningThe
operator should exercise and take appropriate safety precautions during the performance of these test methods. The
temperatures attained during these test methods, up to 370C
(698F), are considered hazardous.) (WarningAs a safety
practice, when using automated or manual apparatus, it is
strongly advised, before heating the test cup and specimen, to
dip the ignitor to check for the presence of unexpected volatile
material.)
11.1.3 Apply the heat at such a rate that the temperature, as
indicated by the temperature measuring device, increases 5 to
6C (9 to 11F)/min.
11.1.4 Turn the stirring device at 90 to 120 rpm, stirring in
a downward direction. (WarningMeticulous attention to all
details relating to the ignition source, size of test flame or
intensity of the electric ignitor, rate of temperature increase,
and rate of dipping the ignition source into the vapor of the test
specimen is desirable for good results.)
11.1.5 Application of Ignition Source:
11.1.5.1 If the test specimen is expected to have a flash point
of 110C or 230F or below, apply the ignition source when the
temperature of the test specimen is 23 6 5C or 41 6 9F
below the expected flash point and each time thereafter at a
temperature reading that is a multiple of 1C or 2F. Discontinue the stirring of the test specimen and apply the ignition
source by operating the mechanism on the test cover which
controls the shutter so that the ignition source is lowered into
9.3 Prepare the manual apparatus or the automated apparatus for operation in accordance with the manufacturers instructions for calibrating, checking, and operating the equipment. (WarningGas pressure should not be allowed to
exceed 3 kPa (12 in.) of water pressure. )
9.4 Thoroughly clean and dry all parts of the test cup and its
accessories before starting the test, to ensure the removal of
any solvent which had been used to clean the apparatus. Use
suitable solvent capable of removing all of the specimen from
the test cup and drying the test cup and cover. Some commonly
used solvents are toluene and acetone. (WarningToluene,
acetone, and many solvents are flammable. Health hazard.
Dispose of solvents and waste material in accordance with
local regulations.)
10. Verification of Apparatus
10.1 Adjust the automated flash point detection system
(when used) in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
10.2 Verify that the temperature measuring device is in
accordance with 6.3.
10.3 Verify the performance of the manual apparatus or the
automated apparatus at least once per year by determining the
flash point of a certified reference material (CRM) such as
those listed in Annex A4, which is reasonably close to the
expected temperature range of the samples to be tested. The
material shall be tested according to Procedure A of these test
methods and the observed flash point obtained in 11.1.8 or
11.2.2 shall be corrected for barometric pressure (see Section
14). The flash point obtained shall be within the limits stated in
Table A4.1 for the identified CRM or within the limits
calculated for an unlisted CRM (see Annex A4).
10.4 Once the performance of the apparatus has been
verified, the flash point of secondary working standards
(SWSs) can be determined along with their control limits.
These secondary materials can then be utilized for more
frequent performance checks (see Annex A4).
10.5 When the flash point obtained is not within the limits
stated in 10.3 or 10.4, check the condition and operation of the
apparatus to ensure conformity with the details listed in Annex
A1, especially with regard to tightness of the lid (A1.1.2.2), the
action of the shutter, the position of the ignition source
(A1.1.2.3), and the angle and position of the temperature
measuring device (A1.1.2.4). After any adjustment, repeat the
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D93 131
shall be 23 6 5C or 41 6 9F below the temperature at which
a flash point was detected on the first application.
11.1.11 When a flash point is detected at a temperature
which is greater than 28C or 50F above the temperature of
the first application of the ignition source, or when a flash point
is detected at a temperature which is less than 18C or 32F
above the temperature of the first application of the ignition
source, the result shall be considered approximate, and the test
repeated with a fresh test specimen. Adjust the expected flash
point for this next test to the temperature of the approximate
result. The first application of the ignition source with the fresh
test specimen shall be 23 6 5C or 416 9F below the
temperature at which the approximate result was found.
11.1.12 When the apparatus has cooled down to a safe
handling temperature, less than 55C (130F), remove the test
cover and the test cup and clean the apparatus as recommended
by the manufacturer.
the vapor space of the test cup in 0.5 s, left in its lowered
position for 1 s, and quickly raised to its upward position.
11.1.5.2 If the test specimen is expected to have a flash point
above 110C or 230F, apply the ignition source in the manner
described in 11.1.5.1 at each temperature increase of 2C or
5F, beginning at a temperature of 23 6 5C or 41 6 9F
below the expected flash point. (Warning As a safety
practice, when using automated or manual apparatus, it is
strongly advised that, for an expected flash point above 130C,
to dip the ignitor every 10C throughout the test until the
sample temperature reaches 28C below the expected flash
point and then follow the prescribed dipping procedure. This
practice has been shown to reduce the possibility of a fire, and,
on average, not to significantly affect the result. A limited
study6 has shown that this dipping practice has no observable
effect on test method repeatability.)
11.1.6 When testing materials to determine if volatile material contamination is present, it is not necessary to adhere to
the temperature limits for initial ignition source application as
stated in 11.1.5.
11.1.7 When testing materials where the expected flash
point temperature is not known, bring the material to be tested
and the tester to a temperature of 15 6 5C or 60 6 10F.
When the material is known to be very viscous at this
temperature, heat the specimen to a starting temperature as
described in 8.6. Apply the ignition source, in the manner
described in 11.1.5.1, beginning at least 5C or 10F higher
than the starting temperature.
NOTE 11Exercise care when cleaning and positioning the lid assembly so not to damage or dislocate the flash detection system or temperature
measuring device. See the manufacturers instructions for proper care and
maintenance.
PROCEDURE B
12. Procedure
12.1 Manual Apparatus:
12.1.1 Ensure that the sample container is filled to the
volume capacity requirement specified in 8.2. Fill the test cup
with the test specimen to the filling mark inside of the test cup.
The temperature of the test cup and test specimen shall be at
least 18C or 32F below the expected flash point. If too much
test specimen has been added to the test cup, remove the excess
using a syringe or similar device for withdrawal of fluid. Place
the test cover on the test cup and place the assembly into the
apparatus. Be sure the locating or locking device is properly
engaged. If the temperature measuring device is not already in
place, insert the device into its holder.
12.1.2 Light the test flame and adjust it to a diameter of 3.2
to 4.8 mm (0.126 to 0.189 in.), or switch on the electric igniter
and adjust the intensity in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. (WarningGas pressure should not be allowed
to exceed 3 kPa (12 in.) of water pressure.) (Warning
Exercise care when using a gas test flame. If it should be
extinguished it will not ignite the vapors in the test cup and the
gas for the test flame that then enters the vapor space can
6
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1652.
5
Not for Resale
D93 131
tions during the performance of these test methods. The
temperatures attained during these test methods, up to 370C
(698F), are considered hazardous.)
13.8 Record as the flash point the reading on the temperature measuring device at the time the ignition source application causes a distinct flash in the interior of the test cup which
is detected by the electronic device.
Procedure C
13. Procedure
13.9 The application of the test flame can cause a blue halo
or an enlarged flame prior to the actual flash point. This is not
a flash and shall be ignored.
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D93 131
16.1.4 Relative BiasStatistical evaluation of the data did
not detect any significant difference between the reproducibility variances of manual and automated Pensky-Martens flash
point results for the samples studied. Evaluation of the data did
not detect any significant difference between averages of
manual and automated Pensky-Martens flash point for the
samples studied with the exception of cycle oil and fuel oil
which showed some bias. In any case of dispute, the manual
procedure shall be considered the referee test.
(1)
(2)
(3)
where:
C = observed flash point, C,
F = observed flash point, F,
P = ambient barometric pressure, mm Hg, and
K = ambient barometric pressure, kPa.
(4)
A 5 0.029,
X 5 mean result in C, and
r 5 repeatability.
NOTE 14The precisions of these standards were derived from interlaboratory studies conducted in degrees Celsius.
(5)
B 5 0.071,
X 5 mean result in C, and
R 5 reproducibility.
7
Supporting data (the results of the 1991 interlaboratory cooperative test
program) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained
by requesting Research Report RR:S15-1008.
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D93 131
17.1.5 The precision data for other sample types in Procedure B is not known to have been developed in accordance
with RR:D02-1007.
NOTE 16The precisions of these standards were derived from interlaboratory studies conducted in degrees Celsius.
14.7C
18.1 PrecisionThe precision of this procedure, as determined by the statistical examination of the interlaboratory test
results, is as follows:
18.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive
results obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus
under constant operating conditions on identical test materials
would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
the test method, exceed the following value in 1 case in 20:
8.4C
19. Keywords
19.1 automated flash point; automated Pensky-Martens
closed cup; flammability; flash point; Pensky-Martens closed
cup
8
Supporting data (the results of the 2008 interlaboratory cooperative test
program) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained
by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1683.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. APPARATUS SPECIFICATIONS5
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D93 131
pilot flame shall have an opening the same size as the tip of the
flame exposure device (0.69 to 0.79 mm (0.027 to 0.031 in.) in
diameter).
A1.1.2.5 Stirring DeviceThe cover shall be equipped with
a stirring device (Fig. A1.4) mounted in the center of the cover
and carrying two 2-bladed metal propellers. In Fig. A1.4 lower
propeller is designated by the letters L, M, and N. This
propeller shall measure approximately 38 mm from tip to tip,
with each of its two blades 8 mm in width with a pitch of 45.
The upper propeller is designated by the letters A, C, and G.
This propeller measures approximately 19 mm, tip to tip, each
Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
9
Not for Resale
D93 131
mm
mm
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
(in.)
min
max
(min)
(max)
79.0
1.0
2.8
21.72
45.47
50.72
55.75
3.8
53.90
2.29
79.8
...
3.6
21.84
45.72
50.85
56.00
4.0
54.02
2.54
(3.11)
(0.04)
(0.11)
(0.855)
(1.790)
(1.997)
(2.195)
(0.15)
(2.122)
(0.090)
(3.14)
(...)
(0.14)
(0.860)
(1.800)
(2.002)
(2.205)
(0.16)
(2.127)
(0.100)
max
(min)
(max)
12.7
4.8
13.5
23.8
1.2
7.9
12.00
16.38
18.65
13.5
5.6
14.3
24.6
2.0
...
12.32
17.00
19.45
(0.50)
(0.19)
(0.53)
(0.94)
(0.05)
(0.31)
(0.472)
(0.645)
(0.734)
(0.53)
(0.22)
(0.56)
(0.97)
(0.08)
(...)
(0.485)
(0.669)
(0.766)
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(in.)
min
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mm
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
IA
J
K
L
M
N
A
(in.)
min
max
(min)
(max)
18.3
2.38
7.6
2.0
0.69
2.0
6.4
9.6
43.0
50.0
...
1.22
31.8
7.6
19.8
3.18
8.4
2.8
0.79
2.8
10.4
11.2
46.0
51.6
0.36
2.06
44.4
8.4
(0.72)
(0.094)
(0.30)
(0.08)
(0.027)
(0.08)
(0.25)
(0.38)
(1.69)
(1.97)
(...)
(0.048)
(1.25)
(0.30)
(0.78)
(0.125)
(0.33)
(0.11)
(0.031)
(0.11)
(0.41)
(0.44)
(1.81)
(2.03)
(0.014)
(0.08)
(1.75)
(0.33)
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A2. MANUFACTURING STANDARDIZATION OF THERMOMETER AND FERRULE
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mm
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
(in.)
min
max
(min)
(max)
6.20
17.0
9.80
11.92
1.40
8.56
12.4
8.56
8.1
9.9
8.64
5.1
17.0
27.4
7.11
9.73
6.50
18.0
9.85
12.24
1.65
8.61
13.0
8.61
8.6
10.7
8.69
5.6
17.5
28.2
7.16
9.78
(0.244)
(0.67)
(0.386)
(0.469)
(0.055)
(0.337)
(0.49)
(0.337)
(0.32)
(0.39)
(0.340)
(0.20)
(0.67)
(1.08)
(0.280)
(0.383)
(0.256)
(0.71)
(0.388)
(0.482)
(0.065)
(0.339)
(0.57)
(0.339)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.342)
(0.22)
(0.69)
(1.11)
(0.282)
(0.385)
FIG. A2.1 Dimensions for Thermometer Adapter, Ferrule, and Packing Ring
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D93 131
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NOTE 1The stem shall be made with an enlargement having a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 mm greater than the stem and a length of 3 to 5 mm, the bottom
of the enlargement being 64 to 66 mm from the bottom of the bulb. These dimensions shall be measured with the test gage shown in Fig. A3.1.
Name
Range
Graduation
Immersion, mm
Overall length 5 mm
Stem diameter, mm
Bulb shape
Bulb length, mm
Bulb diameter, mm
IP 15C
IP 16C
IP 101C
Pensky-Martens Low
Pensky-Martens High
Pensky-Martens Medium
5 to + 110C
0.5C
57
290
6.0 to 7.0
cylindrical
9 to 13
not less than 5.5 and
not greater than
stem
140 to 175
90 to 370C
2C
57
280 10
6.0 to 7.0
cylindrical
7 to 10
not less than 4.5 and
not greater than
stem
143 to 180
20 to 150C
1C
57
290
6.0 to 7.0
cylindrical
9 to 13
not less than 5.5 and
not greater than
stem
140 to 175
0C
85 to 95
1 and 5C
5C
required
ring
0.5C
90C
80 to 90
10 and 20C
20C
required
ring
1 to 260C
2C above 260C
1 and Table A3.2 for
emergent stem
temperatures
20C
85 to 95
5C
5C
required
ring
1C
14
Not for Resale
5 to
15
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For
Test
at
57
57
Immersion
10C
25F
5F
5F
1C
2C
1F
0.5C
Subdivisions
Long
Lines
at
Each
50F
20C
10F
5C
Number
at
Each
IMM
ASTM
10C or
10F
57 mm
320F
9C or
9F
57 mm
IMM
ASTM 160C
Special
Inscription Permit
Heating to
1F
0.5C
Scale
Error,
max
Expansion
Chamber
287
287
Total
Length
5
6.0
to
7.0
7.0
to
6.0
Stem
OD
8.0
to
10.0
13
to
9.0
Length
OD
4.5
to
6.0
not
greater
than
stem
Bulb
230F
110C
32F
0C
Bottom
of
Bulb
to
Line
at
86
to
99
98
to
85
Distance
680F
360C
212F
100C
Bottom
of
Bulb
to
Line
at
Scale Location
227
to
245
237
to
221
DisRange
tance
Bottom
of
Bulb
to
Ice
Point
Ice Point
Scale
Distance
to
Bottom,
min
7.5
to
8.5
8.5
to
7.5
2.5
to
5.0A
5.0
to
2.5
Length
64
to
66
66
to
64
Distance
to
Bottom
Stem Enlargement
Distance
to
OD
Top,
max
Contraction
Chamber
The length of the enlargement, and the distance from the bottom of the enlargement to the bottom of the bulb shall be measured with the test gage shown in Fig. A3.1.
Scale error: 1C up to 260C; 2C over 260C.
C
An expansion chamber is provided for relief of gas pressure to avoid distortion of the bulb at higher temperatures. It is not for the purpose of joining mercury separations; and under no circumstances should the
thermometer be heated above the highest temperature reading.
D
Scale error: 2.5F up to 500F; 3.5F over 500F.
10C-62 90 to
Pensky- 370C
Martens,
High- (200 to
Range
10F-62 700F)
Martens
LowRange
Tag
(20 to
Closed
Tester 230F)
9F-62
Pensky- +110C
9C-62
ASTM
Number
Range
and
Name
Graduations
D93 131
D93 131
TABLE A3.3 Standardization Temperatures
NOTE 1The emergent column temperatures are those attained when using the thermometers in the test equipment for which the thermometers were
originally designed. In some cases these temperatures are markedly different from those realized during standardization.
Temperature
Average
Temperature of
Emergent
Column
Thermometer 9C
(5 to + 100C)
0C
19C
35C
28C
70C
40C
105C
50C
IP 15C (7 to 110C)
0C
19C
20C
20C
40C
31C
70C
40C
100C
48C
Temperature
Average
Temperature of
Emergent
Column
Average
Temperature of
Emergent
Column
Temperature
Thermometer 9F
(20 to 230F)
32F
66F
100F
86F
160F
106F
220F
123F
IP 15F (20 to 230F)
32F
66F
70F
70F
100F
86F
150F
104F
212F
118F
Thermometer 10C
(90 to 370C)
100C
61C
200C
71C
300C
87C
370C
104C
IP 16C (90 to 370C)
100C
61C
150C
65C
200C
71C
250C
78C
300C
87C
350C
99C
Temperature
Average
Temperature of
Emergent
Column
Thermometer 10F
(200 to 700F)
212F
141F
390F
159F
570F
180F
700F
220F
IP 16F (20 to 700F)
200F
140F
300F
149F
400F
160F
500F
175F
600F
195F
700F
220F
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
A
Expansion chamber:
Permit heating to
Total length, mm
Stem OD, mm
Bulb length, mm
Bulb OD, mm
Scale location:
Bottom of bulb to line at
Distance, mm
Length of graduated portion, mm
Ice-point scale:
Range
Bottom of bulb to ice-point, mm
Contraction chamber:
Distance to bottom, min, mm
Distance to top, max, mm
Stem enlargement:
OD, mm
Length, mm
Distance to bottom, mm
Medium-Range Pensky-Martens
5
50392F
10200C
57
0.5C
1C and 5C
5C
0.5C
1F
5F
10F
1F
ASTM
88F (88C)
57 mm IMM
205C
400F
285 to 295
6.0 to 7.0
8.0 to 12.0
>4.5 and <stemA
20C
68F
80 to 90
145 to 180
7.5 to 8.5
2.5 to 5.0A
64 to 66
Bulb OD shall be greater than 4.5 mm and less than the outside diameter of the stem (C).
16
Not for Resale
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D93 131
A4. VERIFICATION OF APPARATUS PERFORMANCE
9
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:S15-1010.
TABLE A4.1 D93 Typical Flash Point Values and Typical Limits
for CRM
Purity, mole %
Flash Point,C
Limits, C
99 +
99 +
99 +
99 +
52.8
68.7
109.3
133.9
2.3
3.0
4.8
5.9
10
Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, ASTM MNL, 6th
ed., ASTM International, W. Conshohocken, 1990.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. FLASH POINT MASKING PHENOMENON
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17
Not for Resale
D93 131
X2. FLASH POINT TEST AND FLAMMABILITY OF MIXTURES
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Subcommittee D02.08 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D93 12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 15, 2013.)
(1) Change of 360C to 370C in the Scope.
Subcommittee D02.08 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D93 11) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2012.)
(1) New warning in 11.1.2.
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18
Not for Resale