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    Reduction of A Categorical Syllogism

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    roy_dubouzet
    The document discusses the process of reducing categorical syllogisms from figures other than the first figure to the first figure. It explains that the letters at the beginning of the mood name indicate the reduction process. S indicates simple conversion, P indicates accidental conversion, M indicates mutation, and C indicates taking the contradictory of the original conclusion. It provides examples of reducing moods from figures 2, 3, and 4 to the first figure using these rules.

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    Reduction of A Categorical Syllogism

    Uploaded by

    roy_dubouzet
    5K views18 pages
    The document discusses the process of reducing categorical syllogisms from figures other than the first figure to the first figure. It explains that the letters at the beginning of the mood name indicate the reduction process. S indicates simple conversion, P indicates accidental conversion, M indicates mutation, and C indicates taking the contradictory of the original conclusion. It provides examples of reducing moods from figures 2, 3, and 4 to the first figure using these rules.

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    Reduction of a Categorical Syllogism

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    The document discusses the process of reducing categorical syllogisms from figures other than the first figure to the first figure. It explains that the letters at the beginning of the mood name indicate the reduction process. S indicates simple conversion, P indicates accidental conversion, M indicates mutation, and C indicates taking the contradictory of the original conclusion. It provides examples of reducing moods from figures 2, 3, and 4 to the first figure using these rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5K views18 pages

    Reduction of A Categorical Syllogism

    Uploaded by

    roy_dubouzet
    The document discusses the process of reducing categorical syllogisms from figures other than the first figure to the first figure. It explains that the letters at the beginning of the mood name indicate the reduction process. S indicates simple conversion, P indicates accidental conversion, M indicates mutation, and C indicates taking the contradictory of the original conclusion. It provides examples of reducing moods from figures 2, 3, and 4 to the first figure using these rules.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Reduction of a Categorical Syllogism

    Reduction to the First Figure


    Reduction
    The process of expressing in the first figure,
    syllogisms that are validly expressed in other figures

    The first figure is considered as the perfect figure

    bArbArA, cElArEnt, dArII, fErIO


    Process of Reduction
    1. Each mood begins with one of these four letters:

    B, C, D, F
    Moods in figures 2, 3 and 4 beginning with one of
    these letters maybe reduced to the mood of the First
    Figure having the same initial.

    The consonants s, p, m and c are key consonants


    indicating the logical operation to be performed in
    order to obtain a syllogism in one of the four moods of
    the first figure.
    Process of Reduction
    s – simple conversion = the proposition symbolized by the vowel
    preceding s should be converted simply

    Figure 2 fEstInO
    No terrorists are virtuous.
    Some policemen are virtuous.
    Some policemen are not terrorists.
    Reduction to Figure 1 – fErIO
    No virtuous are terrorists.
    Some policemen are virtuous.
    Some policemen are not terrorists.
    * The vowel E is followed by s signifying that the major premise must
    undergo simple conversion.
    Process of Reduction
    Figure 3 fErIsOn
    No rash men are prudent.
    Some rash men are brave.
    Some brave men are not prudent.
    Reduction to Figure 1 – fErIO
    No rash men are prudent.
    Some brave men are rash.
    Some brave men are prudent.
    * The vowel I is followed by s signifying that the minor
    premise must undergo simple conversion.
    Process of Reduction
    Figure 4 frEsIsOn
    No lazy person is creative.
    Some creative individuals are artists.
    Some artists are not lazy persons.
    Reduction to Figure 1 fErIO
    No creative person is lazy
    Some artists are creative individuals.
    Some artists are not lazy persons.
    *The vowel E is followed by s signifying that the major premise must
    undergo simple conversion.
    * The vowel I is followed by s signifying that the minor premise must
    undergo simple conversion.
    Process of Reduction
    p- per accidens (accidental conversion) = the proposition signified by
    the vowel preceding p should be converted in such a manner that from
    universal it becomes particular and vice versa.
    Figure3 dArAptI
    All Dominican priests are cerebral
    All Dominican priests are deep thinkers.
    Some deep thinkers are cerebral
    Reduction to Figure 1 dArII
    All Dominican priests are cerebral.
    Some deep thinkers are Dominican priests.
    Some deep thinkers are cerebral.
    * The vowel A is followed by p signifying that the minor premise must
    undergo accidental conversion
    Process of Reduction
    Figure 4 fEsApO
    All brutes are not beings capable of speech.
    All beings capable of speech are organisms.
    Some organisms are not brutes.
    Reduction to Figure 1 fErIO
    All beings capable of speech are not brutes.
    Some organisms are beings capable of speech.
    Some organisms are not brutes.
    * The vowel E is followed by s signifying that the major
    premise must undergo simple conversion.
    * The vowel A is followed by p signifying that the minor
    premise must undergo accidental conversion
    Process of Reduction
    m- mutation = the original major premise must occupy the place of the
    new minor premise; and the original minor premise must occupy the
    place of the new major premise.

    Figure 4 dImArIs
    Some lawyers are liars
    All liars are immoral
    Some immoral are lawyers
    Reduction to Figure 1 dArII
    All liars are immoral
    Some lawyers are liars.
    Some lawyers are immoral
    *The consonant m is between the vowels I and A
    Process of Reduction
    Figure 2 cAmEstrEs
    All political aspirants are rich businessmen
    No student is a rich businessman
    No student is a political aspirant
    Reduction to Figure 1 cElArEnt
    No rich businessman is a student.
    All political aspirants are rich businessmen.
    No political aspirants are students
    *A is followed by m, signifying mutation
    *E is followed by s, signifying simple conversion
    Process of Reduction
    c = contradictory of the original conclusion – the contradictory of
    the original conclusion is to be substituted for the contradictory of
    the premise preceding c

    Figure 3 bOcArdO
    Some government employees are not punctual
    All government employees are candidates for promotion
    Some candidates for promotion are not punctual
    Reduction to Figure 1 bArbAra
    All candidates for promotion are punctual
    All government employees are candidates for promotion
    All government employees are punctual
    Process of Reduction
    Figure 2 bArOcO
    All Filipinos are hospitable
    Some youth delegates are not hospitable
    Some youth delegates are not Filipinos

    Reduction to Figure 1 bArbArA


    All Filipinos are hospitable
    All youth delegates are Filipinos
    All youth delegates are hospitable
    Exercises
    Supply the missing conclusion of the following
    premises. Then identify the figure and the mood.
    Finally, reduce to perfect mood of Figure 1.

    1. No mountaineer is an introvert.


    But , some introverts are withdrawn.
    Figure Mood Reduce to
    MP
    mp
    C
    2. All chance meeting s are mysterious encounters
    But, some human relationships are not mysterious encounters.

    Figure Mood Reduce to


    MP
    mp
    C
    3. All adventurers are thrill hunters.
    But, all thrill hunters are risk-takers.

    Figure Mood Reduce to


    MP
    mp
    C
    4. Some trouble-makers are attention-seekers.
    But, all trouble-makers are grief-stricken

    Figure Mood Reduce to


    MP
    Mp
    C
    5. All insane people are maladjusted.
    But, all maladjusted are not deep-thinkers.

    Figure Mood Reduce to


    MP
    mp
    C

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