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    D) Lettering

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    almors
    Letter styles can be categorized into Gothic, Roman, Text, Script, and Italic. Gothic letters are uniform in width while Roman letters have thick downward strokes and thin connecting strokes. Text letters are considered the most artistic and are commonly used for certificates and diplomas. Script letters belong to the longhand style of writing. Italic letters are printed at a slant. Letters have different parts including stems, swash lines, and lobes. Guidelines like the cap line, waist line, base line, and drop line are used in lettering. Proper proportions and stability rules must be followed for legible lettering.

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    D) Lettering

    Uploaded by

    almors
    2K views3 pages
    Letter styles can be categorized into Gothic, Roman, Text, Script, and Italic. Gothic letters are uniform in width while Roman letters have thick downward strokes and thin connecting strokes. Text letters are considered the most artistic and are commonly used for certificates and diplomas. Script letters belong to the longhand style of writing. Italic letters are printed at a slant. Letters have different parts including stems, swash lines, and lobes. Guidelines like the cap line, waist line, base line, and drop line are used in lettering. Proper proportions and stability rules must be followed for legible lettering.

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    d) Lettering

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    Letter styles can be categorized into Gothic, Roman, Text, Script, and Italic. Gothic letters are uniform in width while Roman letters have thick downward strokes and thin connecting strokes. Text letters are considered the most artistic and are commonly used for certificates and diplomas. Script letters belong to the longhand style of writing. Italic letters are printed at a slant. Letters have different parts including stems, swash lines, and lobes. Guidelines like the cap line, waist line, base line, and drop line are used in lettering. Proper proportions and stability rules must be followed for legible lettering.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views3 pages

    D) Lettering

    Uploaded by

    almors
    Letter styles can be categorized into Gothic, Roman, Text, Script, and Italic. Gothic letters are uniform in width while Roman letters have thick downward strokes and thin connecting strokes. Text letters are considered the most artistic and are commonly used for certificates and diplomas. Script letters belong to the longhand style of writing. Italic letters are printed at a slant. Letters have different parts including stems, swash lines, and lobes. Guidelines like the cap line, waist line, base line, and drop line are used in lettering. Proper proportions and stability rules must be followed for legible lettering.

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    LETTERING

    LETTERING – the process by which letters


    & numbers are formed through writing in 3. TEXT LETTERS – considered the most
    comparison with printing which is done through artistic of all letter styles. Most certificates,
    the use of machine. diplomas & citations are lettered in this
    style. (e.g. GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME.
    143.)
    ORIGIN & DEVELOPMENT OF 4. SCRIPT LETTERS – belong to the
    LETTERS longhand style of writing. They afford a
    good combination with the Old English
    1. EGYPTIAN – Hieroglyphics or picture style used in citations & diplomas.
    writing. (e.g. GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME. 143)
    a) Thing picture
    5. ITALIC LETTERS – printed at a slant, the
    b) Idea picture (ideograph)
    single outstanding characteristics. Roman,
    c) Word-sound picture
    Gothic, Text & most other styles can be
    d) Syllable-sound picture
    italicized. Examples:
    e) Letter-sound picture
    a) GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME. 143
    2. PHOENICIANS – Cuneiform or wedge b) GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME. 143
    shape writing. c) GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME. 143
    a) Contributed 19 consonoants
    b) Consisted of 22 letters
    3. GREEK – bousterophedon writing. PARTS OF LETTERS
    a) Developed the vowel sounds
    1. STEM – the main part of a letter. It is either
    b) Contributed 13 letters to the Roman
    the horizontal or vertical unit of the letter.
    alphabet.
    2. SWASH LINE – the sloping or slanting part
    4. ROMANS
    of the letter.
    a) Gave the form of the letters from where
    the existing letters in our alphabet were 3. LOBE or FILLET – the curved part of the
    derived. letter.

    STYLES OF LETTERS
    1. GOTHIC LETTERS – composed of uniform
    T stem
    width elements & are sometimes referred
    to as the letters of the basic alphabet.
    (e.g. GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME. 143)

    2. ROMAN LETTERS – characterized by


    V swash line

    thick downward stroke & thin connecting


    stroke. Their ends have spurs called seriff.
    They are considered the parent of all letter
    styles.
    C lobe
    a) Old Classic Roman
    (e.g. GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME.
    143)
    b) Modern Roman R lobe
    (e.g. GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME. stem
    143) swash line
    GENERAL DIVISION OF LETTERS a) Ascending Letters – extends upward.
    (e.g. h)
    1. SINGLE-STROKE LETTERS – those done b) Descending Letters – extends
    with one stroke of the pen or pencil. downward. (e.g. y)
    (e.g. GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME.)
    2. OUTLINE/DRAWN/BUILT-UP LETTERS –
    those first outlined & then filled up for more GROUPING OF LETTERS
    emphasis. 1. REGULAR LETTERS – E, H, I, M, N
    (e.g. 2. IRREGULAR LETTERS – A, F, K, L, T, V,
    ) W, X,
    Y, Z
    3. CIRCULAR LETTERS – B, C, D, G, J, O,
    GENERAL PROPORTION OF P, Q,
    LETTERS R, S

    1. NORMAL LETTERS – are of normal


    proportion. They are used where there is LOWERCASE FORMS
    adequate space of all lettering. 1. STRAIGHT LINE LETTERS – i, j, k, l, t, v,
    w, x, y
    GOD IS G O O D. 2. ELLIPSE LETTERS – c, e, o, s
    2. EXTENDED LETTERS – are bigger or 3. LOOP LETTERS – a, b, d, p, q
    wider than normal letters. They are used 4. HOOK LETTERS – f, h, m, n, u, y
    when space is available is wider.

    G O D I S G O D. GUIDE LINES IN LETTERING


    3. COMPRESSED LETTERS – are narrower
    than normal letters. They are used when 1. CAP LINE – the topmost line where
    space is limited. ascending letters touch.
    2. WAIST LINE – the line positioned at the
    GOD IS GOOD. center, between the cap line and the base
    line, where the heading of a letter touches.
    3. BASE LINE – the line where all letters
    PROPORTION OF NORMAL stand.
    LETTERS 4. DROP LINE – the line where the
    descending letters touch.
    I – the narrowest & is foundation of all letters. n cap line
    W – the widest letter.
    O, Q, M – the second widest letters. 2n Mary waist line
    n base line
    A, C, D, G, K, U, X, Y – the third widest drop line
    letters. RULES OF STABILITY IN
    Other letters are of average width. LETTERING
    1. The upper portion of the letters B, E, F, H,
    CLASSIFICATION OF LETTERS K, S, X and Z & the numbers 2, 3, and 8
    must be slightly diminished.
    1. UPPERCASE LETTERS – capital letters. 2. The central horizontal stroke of the letters
    2. LOWERCASE LETTERS – small letters. B, E, F and H must be slightly higher than
    the vertical center.
    3. The upper portion of the letters K, S, X and
    Z & the numbers 2, 3 and 8 must be less
    wide than the lower portion.

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