Ferrer, Shaira Ann Introduction to Literature including Philippine Literature (GEC13)

BS-Ed Filipino 3rd Year Mon-Tue 4:00 PM- 5:30 PM

Classification of Poetry

I.                     Narrative Poems.
1.       Tells a story. (Series of events.)
A.      Ballad
1.)     very short story
2.)     folk product – regular people
3.)     simple plot and language
4.)     has dialogue
 
B.      Metrical Tale
1.)     short story in verse
2.)     more descriptions
3.)     poet expresses attitudes and opinions
C.      Epic
1.)     extremely long. (Novel length story in verse.)
2.)     about national heroes, kings, great warriors, etc.
3.)     elevated tone, lofty style. Language is highly poetic.

 
  Lyric Poems.
1.       Expresses an emotion. Does not tell a story.
2.       Shares a moment – does not explain it.
3.       Keys to understand – refer to “Understanding Traditional Poetry.”
a.)     Logical content – what the writing actually says.
b.)    Emotive content – feeling the writing produces.
A.      Reflective Lyric: 99% of school poems fall in this category!!!
1.)     Emotional response through recall/ reflection (past tense.)
2.)     Usually calm
B.      Elegy:
1.)      Expresses grief at death.
2.)      Usually dignified.
3.)      Formal language and structure.
 
C.      Ode:
1.)      Any sustained lyric poem of exalted theme.
2.)      Often commemorating some important event.
3.)      Dignified formal language / irregular structure
 
D.     Sonnet:
1.)      Dignified subject matter
2.)      FIXED FORM !
a.)                 Italian (Petrarchan)
abba
abba
cdc, cdc   or    cdcdcd
 
b.)                English (Shakespearean)
abab
cdcd
efef
gg
 
   Dramatic Poetry.
A.      Dramatic Narrative: Tells a story by the person involved.
B.      Dramatic Monologue: One speaking to others on stage. They listen, character
speaks.
C.      Soliloquy: One character on stage speaking alone (to himself.)
 
Ref : (http://olypen.com/pnkdurr/reading/class_poetry_notes.htm )
Elements of Poetry
POETRY- has an overall central theme or idea within each poem
Images - the mental pictures the poet creates through language
Diction - the selection of specific words
Form - the arrangement of words, lines, verses, rhymes, and other features.
Cadence - A rhythmic change in the inflection of sounds from words being spoken. Sometimes referred
to the flow of words.
Couplet - two lines of verse that rhyme at the end and are thought as one unit
Meter - A rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern.
Rhyme - Words that end with similar sounds. Usually at the end of a line of the poem.
Rhyming - Two lines of a poem together with the same rhythm
Rhythm - A pattern created with sounds: hard - soft, long - short, bouncy, quiet - loud, weak - strong .
Stanza - A part of a poem with similar rhythm and rhyme that will usually repeat later in the poem.
Verse - A line of a poem, or a group of lines within a long poem.
Ref : (http://www.homeofbob.com/literature/genre/poetry/elements.html )
5 Literary Devices.

1. Anaphora

Anaphora describes a poem that repeats the same phrase at the beginning of each line. Sometimes
the anaphora is a central element of the poem’s construction; other times, poets only use anaphora in
one or two stanzas, not the whole piece.

2. Conceit

A conceit is, essentially, an extended metaphor. Which, when you think about it, it’s kind of stuck-
up to have a fancy word for an extended metaphor, so a conceit is pretty conceited, don’t you think?
In order for a metaphor to be a conceit, it must run through the entire poem and be the poem’s
central device. Consider the poem “The Flea” by John Donne. The speaker uses the flea as a conceit
for physical relations, arguing that two bodies have already intermingled if they’ve shared the
odious bed bug. With the flea as a conceit for intimacy, Donne presents a poem both humorous and
strangely erotic.

3. Apostrophe

Don’t confuse this with the punctuation mark for plural nouns—the literary device apostrophe is
different. Apostrophe describes any instance when the speaker talks to a person or object that is
absent from the poem. Poets employ apostrophe when they speak to the dead or to a long lost lover,
but they also use apostrophe when writing an Ode to a Grecian Urn or an Ode to the Women in
Long Island. Apostrophe is often employed in admiration or longing, as we often talk about things
far away in wistfulness or praise. Still, try using apostrophe to express other emotions: express joy,
grief, fear, anger, despair, jealousy, or ecstasy, as this poetic device can prove very powerful for
poetry writers.

4. Metonymy & Synecdoche

Metonymy and synecdoche are very similar poetic devices, so we’ll include them as one item. A
metonymy is when the writer replaces “a part for a part,” choosing one noun to describe a different
noun. For example, in the phrase “the pen is mightier than the sword,” the pen is a metonymy for
writing and the sword is a metonymy for fighting.