Annexure-I

Approach to Twelfth Five Year Plan

A. Goal: Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth

Faster - 9 to 10 percent GDP Growth,
Sustainable – sustainable use of natural resources
More Inclusive – social justice and alleviation of poverty

B. Macro-Framework:
• Macro Strategy: sustaining high growth, savings and investment, price
stability, current account and fiscal balance.
• Financing the Plan: Gross Budgetary Support, Central and State Plans,
Sectoral Outlays.
• Financing Infrastructure: incl. budgetary support, public-private
partnerships and debt market instruments.

C. The People: (Development for, of and by the people)

• Education: Right to Education, vocational alternative to formal
schooling at the secondary level, Higher Education Reform.
• Health: National Health Mission, Regulation of Medical Practice,
Medical Education, Nutrition and Indigenous Systems of Medicine.
• Faster expansion and dispersal of income generating opportunities
(more jobs, more enterprises) in industry and services
• Skill Development: including state action to match demand and supply
of skills, and shifting of under-employed from agriculture to industry
and services.
• Social Justice: Empowering the Excluded Scheduled Castes, Tribals
and their rights (forest, land alienation), Other Backward Classes,
Minorities, Differently-abled persons, Women (Gender related issues),
Child rights.

D. The Planet: removing constraints on growth through sustainable use of

resources.
• Climate Change: including National Action Plan for Climate Change
• Water: Holistic Water Management including Ganga Action Plan,
limited inter-linking of rivers and National Water Mission
• Forests: including Green India Mission and protection of wildlife
habitats
• Energy: Power, Coal, Oil and Gas, Renewables including Integrated
Energy Policy
• Transport: including Integrated Transport Policy

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 • Land Use: is a cross-cutting theme though strategy space is less
common. The alternative is to have a section on land-use planning in
each relevant chapter.

E. Making it Happen:
• Good Governance: Institutional Architecture, Capacity Building and
Public Service Delivery. Leadership at all levels - Tackling problems of
Change. Convergence in delivery of public services. Multiplicity of
Centrally Sponsored Schemes. Fund Release and Monitoring.
Avoidance of Waste - dismantling defunct/outdated programmes and
institutions. National e-Governance Plan.
• Innovation and Science: Research in Scientific Departments,
Incentivising Private Sector Research, Research in Universities and
Academic Institutions, Quality Issues - Impact Factor and Patents.
• Agriculture: including value added agriculture - logistics of food from
farm to kitchen. Food Security and Public distribution. Agriculture and
allied activities cutting across primary and secondary sectors.
• Industry and Services: employment generation, strategic depth, small
and medium enterprises. New Manufacturing Policy. Financial Sector
Reforms.
• Managing Urbanization: including urban waste management, drinking
water and sanitation, urban infrastructure, land use planning and
integrated slum improvement.
• Rural Transformation: Rural Infrastructure, Water and sanitation,
Targeted Poverty Reduction, Financial Inclusion.
• Redressing Inequality: Left-wing Extremism. Special Area Plans.
Backward Region Grant Fund. Development of North-East.

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 Annexure-II

INSIGHTS FROM CONSULTATIONS ON 19TH JUNE 2010

REGARDING APPROACH TO THE TWELFTH PLAN

The purpose of this note is to abstract from the many suggestions made
regarding the approach to planning and some important topics to be
addressed in the Twelfth Plan, in the workshop on 19th June wherein
Members of IPC listened to a diverse group of external thought leaders.
These are summarized under five headings:
1. Architecture of the plan and approach to it
2. Philosophies underlying the approach
3. The issue of ‘Implementation’, which should be a (or the) principal
subject to be addressed
4. Specific topics to be addressed in the Plan
5. The process of developing the approach to the Approach (and then the
Plan)

1. Architecture
• Describe the ‘big picture’—the forces shaping India and the world, and
the implications of these
• Create ‘scenarios’, which describe plausible, alternative outcomes of
the interplay of these forces, not numerical predictions
• Locate key themes in these scenarios
• Organize chapters around these ‘key themes’, rather than ‘sectors’
• “The topics in the draft framework presented at the workshop sound
like ‘text-book topics’. They are the ‘same’ and they are ‘fine’”. Should
go beneath them to find the more fundamental issues of why sufficient
change is not happening in these areas
• Our major challenges are inter-disciplinary: locate and describe these
inter-disciplinary challenges
• Plan should ‘educate’ policy-makers and the country
• Money, People, Planet, Governance/Implementation, is a good way to
map the space to be covered in the approach

Editorial comment: We need an architecture, which is like a geodesic dome,

with open space and themes going across it, rather than an office-block with
walls and compartments, as the framework for the Approach to the Twelfth
Plan, and perhaps for the Plan too.

Some forces/themes suggested (should be validated by the ‘scenario

thinking process’)
• Demographics: its changing shape and content, not just the numbers
• Opportunities for young women
• Neglected regions of the country
• Urbanization
• Climate change—in Indian context
• Water

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‘Gender, Jobs, Execution’ seem to be three strong themes coming out of the
19th June workshop according to a participant

2. Philosophy—underlying concepts and theories

• ‘Social capital’—composed of ‘equity’ (not merely ‘inclusion’) and
‘harmony’
• Inclusion is not achieved by redistribution: how can we make
infrastructure more inclusive, finance more inclusive, urbanization
more inclusive?
• An ‘interventionist’ strategy versus an ‘enabling’ strategy for inclusion
and development
• ‘Women’ should not be just a topic to be addressed, but women
should permeate through the approach as a means for achieving
inclusion and development
• Young people are not the problem: they are the solution. We should
consult with them and use their force to make change happen
• Put young women, and young adolescent girls at the center of the
approach to change
• What is our strategy for creating more opportunities for young
people—jobs, entrepreneurship; it may be different to the Chinese
‘factory’ strategy
• ‘We say there is no dirth of ‘demand’ in the country, but where there
is no voice how can we know what the demand is’—neglected regions
and communities
• What are ‘public goods’ and ‘private goods’—use this definition as a
framework for planning

3. Implementation
• “I am seeing ‘sections’ and ‘words’ (in plans) and not the ‘how’”
• An ‘enabling’ versus an ‘interventionist’ approach to implementation
• ‘Direct’ schemes only where there is a market failure
• Systemic improvements by looking at patterns across schemes
• Inter-disciplinary challenges, and implications at different levels of the
federal structure
• Policies that are at logger heads with each other
• Problem is how policies are framed, how they are made
• Need innovations in policies
• Laws are there: it is their application that must be monitored
• A more ‘horizontal’ and less ‘vertical’ approach to implementation
• Silos; delivery systems that are ‘clogged pipes’ into which we thrust
(and waste) more resources in the expectation that it will flow through
• Need more integrated approaches focused on the needs of persons
• ‘Nodes’ to put things together for people on the ground
• The way the schemes are administered versus giving more money
• Attention to systems, and incentive-compatible strategies
• Focus more on how resources are deployed—they are being treated as
‘freebies’ in the political system
• The role of competition in improving delivery of healthcare and
education

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 • Role of ‘civil society organizations’ (not only NGOs); member-based
organizations—cooperatives, unions, etc that enable direct
participation of people; use the ‘social capital’ of these organizations;
policy issues related to these
• Inclusion and Implementation are inter-linked
• Links between corporate activities and people’s livelihoods
• What is coming in the way of effective ‘private’ engagement with
development?
• Government should identify and support good initiatives, rather than
starting new ones of its own
• Reviews of programs should involve civil society organizations along
with ‘specialists’

4. Some observations regarding inclusion and treatment of Topics

• Science throughout society, not just in departments of science
• Corporate governance must be included as an important topic
• Urbanization must focus on small towns and in-situ urbanization
• Urban planning to focus on needs of the poor
• Focus on India-specific aspects of climate change e.g. pattern of
monsoons
• In demographics, include the needs of the increasing number of
aged people
• Land use strategy must be addressed
• Sanitation is an important topic in itself, linked to others such as
health and water
• Integrated energy policy to be highlighted
• Need an ‘Intelligent Industrial Policy’
• Focus attention on the ‘ungoverned’ parts of India
• ‘Disaster management’ should be included as an important topic

5. Process of developing the approach

• Use techniques of ‘scenario planning’; engage people who use this
technique
• Consultations should be more around cross-cutting ‘themes’ and less
around ‘sectors’
• Cross-cutting teams should work on these issues, to get out of silos
• Consultation groups should have diversity in them (like the group on
June 19th)
• ‘Decentralize’ consultation process—go to small towns
• Regional consultations should be organized
• Engage with groups of college students in the consultations—to get
the youth perspective
• Engage with groups of young women, and women generally, to get
the feminine perspective which must become a key force
• Listen to the ‘experienced’ not just to ‘experts’
• Use technology to facilitate the consultation process and increase its
reach
• Examine examples of the generic ‘bottle-necks’ in implementation—
what can be learned, and what would be generic solutions.