Luminary Magazine 2 of 11 Part3

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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine
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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


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aumh o m;

Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


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ol. ausmif;aebufapm[ife&Dvnf; u&ifah wmfveS af &;od@k a&muf&cdS o hJ nf// 4if;onf

Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine
83
tvif;tdrf
Zl vdkifa&muf&if rdk;zGm;av;awGeJ htwl trnf
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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11
84
tvif;tdrf
ah emifvmrnfh rsKd ;qufukd rsKd ;cspf pdw"f gwf &Sio f efa&; vkyaf evd@k uawmh “apwemrrSe&f if
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rif;c

Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


85
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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


86
tvif;tdrf
eifu trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&; vkyfaqmif&mrSmom pdwf0ifpm; wuf}uGpGm
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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine
87
tvif;tdrf
“'gawGu bmqef;vd@k vnf; nDrav;&,f” vd@k igjyefajymcJzh ;l w,faemf/
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tpGe;f ay:a&mufae+yD?

Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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vdrrhf ,f/ wjynfv;Hk u rJay;Edik w f o hJ wl ikd ;f uef@uu G rf aJ wGay;+yD; ppftpd;k &&J@ tajccHOya'udk
qef@usifypfEdkifatmif pnf;&kH;jyifqif&vdrfhr,f/ oli,fcsif;a& eifeJ@ig tcktcsdefrSm
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r=umcif jrif&awmhrmS yg” qdw k hJ eifc%c%ajymwwfwhJ pum;[m 'Dwcg wu,fvufawG@
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eifajymovdk eife@J ige@J twlwl a&$w*d b Hk &k m;udk oGm;+yD;zl;Edik af wmhrmS yg//
tif=uif;ar 19-3-08?
Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine
89
tvif;tdrf
aw;qkid u
S f bmomjyef tcef;quf

Song Bird
tcef ; (9)

r,k=H unfEidk af vmufatmif tjzpftysuaf wG trsK;d rsK;d jzpfvmw,f? bmjzpfvhdk


vJqadk wmh vlawG&hJ ,k=H unfra_ wG &Ekid af tmif vkyEf idk cf w hJ ,f r[kwyf gvm;´
aA'ifa[m/ vuQ%m=unf/h =uGuaf &mif; aq;vdyaf &mif;eJ h tusO;f axmifxrJ mS
wcef;0if wcef;xGuef hJ vlwidk ;f eJ ah ygi;f &/ oif;& vky&f if;eJ h =um;or# owif;awGudk axmifrLS ;
ukd tjrw J rf; owif;ay;vky&f w,f? uk, d af jcz0g;xuf=u;D wJh &mbmzdeyfudk pD;jy;D vrf;av#muf
&wm awmfawmf tqifrajywJh tvkyjf zpfygw,f? aemufjyD;&G aHh wGayaewJh vrf;ay:ukd
av#muf&if; vkcH snf &GH rh ayatmif 'l;acgi;f txd rxm;&w,f? 'l;ay:/aygiaf y: oGm;&wmayg?h
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jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd tusOf;axmifrsm;wGif; rnfuJhokdh
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jzpfygonf? tcef;quftjzpf azmfjyoGm;ygrnf?
tvif ; td r f r *~ Z if ;
bmomjyefqdkol-Roland Hardy(c) armifarmifvwf

Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


90
tvif;tdrf
trSet f wkid ;f ajym&&if olwyg;,kw d hJ acs;awG oGeaf y;&/ ao;tk;d oGeaf y;&wm ouf
omygw,f? 'grS jrefjrefaxmifxu J xGu&f atmif 'Dtvkyaf wG rvkycf siv f nf; vky&f ygw,f?
taqmif 4 taqmif 5 bufudk jzwfav#mufae&if; tapmifah r#mpf Ofbufudk vSr;f =unfrh d
awmh oleJ v h ;Hk 0rwJw h hJ vl&hJ rsuEf mS ukd =unf&h if; tar;cH&wmukd jyefajzcJ&h ao;w,f? olvnf;
axmifuswhJ vlyJ jzpfayrJ/h olu ppfaq;ykid cf iG &hf xm;w,f? xrif;csuw f hJ axmifz=dk u;D ukv d nf;
jzwfav#muf&if;/ pm;zkrd LS ;=uD; xkid jf yD; tmvl;EGmaewmawG ah wmh vufjyESw k q f ufygw,f?
pm;zkrd LS ;=u;D u acgi;f av;jird jhf yw,f? pm;zkrd LS ;=u;D &Jh ar;aphEpS x f yfudk =unf&h if;eJ h ukpd ed , f pHk w
d f
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olc;dk w,f? usew f hJ w0ufxu J av;ykw H yku H dk vli,f acsmacsmav;awG axmifxaJ &mufvm
&if olarG;pm;om; ozG,f tok;H cs&if; vkw d may;au|;zkd h jzpfygw,f?
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d u J pm;p&mawGudk wdww f w d af &mif;pm;w,f? Ekid if aH &; tusO;f om;awG tpm;
tpmrvkaH vmufbJ ydecf sK;H usaewmukd pm;zkrd LS ; vk;H 0*&krpdu k yf gb;l ? axmifxu J apwDav;
[m zk=d uD;eJh aq;&k&H =hJ um;rSm&Syd gw,f? axmifcsKyf&;Hk =uD;&,f/ axmifrLS ;awG taqmifeJ h reD;r
a0; jzpfygw,f? axmifxu J vltrsm;tjym; apwDrmS wcgw&Hvmjy;D &Scd ;dk =uovkd tJ'aD pwD
[m axmifrLS ;awGeJ h axmifusawG tay;t,lvyk w f hJ ae&mvnf; jzpfygw,f? axmifus
awG[m olwdk &h hJ axmif'%f avsmah ygh vGwjf idr;f cGihf jrefjref&apa=umif; qkawmif;=uwJh
ae&m jzpfygw,f?
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rsm;ygw,f? axmifxu J jrefjrefxu G zf dk h tr_ao;wJh vlawGu pdwu f ;l yk,d Of Ekid w
f ,fav?
axmifxrJ mS ae&/ pm;&whb J 0/ Akv d u
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axmifxu J ae jrefjref ykv d w G cf si=f uw,f? olwdk ah wG[m pdyyf w k ;D ukd vljrif/ oljrif pdy=f uw,f?
bke;f =u;D awGxufawmif bk&m;&Scd ;dk ovkb d v J dk h xifw,f? axmif0if;wG,w f ufzdk q h wdk m vk;H 0
rjzpfEidk yf g? tpGr;f &Sv d dk h axmife&H aH usmx f u G af jy;zkd h =uKd;pm;&ifvnf; axmife&H H w0ufr
a&muf cifrmS tapmifh &Jh aoewfpmrdomG ;rSm aocsmygw,f?
wu,f tapmifh rjrifbJ axmifeH &HawG ukd tjrJwrf; ausmaf ewm[m jcawG/
yk;d [yf awG/ *sy;dk awGbJ jzpfyg w,f? vlwa,muf axmifxu J vGwzf dk q h dk wm oHwcH g; 2
xyfudk w&m;0if xk;d azmuf&rSm jzpfw,f? 'gayrJh axmifxu J adk wmh b,fawmhrS jyefrvm
eJ ah wmh?

Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


91
tvif;tdrf
axmifrLS ;uk o d pfo;D /opf&u G af wG ay;&if;/ a&csK;d zkd q h yfjymawG/ a&t=udrrf sm;rsm;
csK;d cGi&hf zkd ah wG =uKd;pm;&w,f? *sy;dk awG uku d cf &H vkd h wud, k v f ;Hk vnf; ,m;,Haew,f r[kwf
vm;? axmifxu J tusO;f om; axmifaygi;f rsm;pGmukd uku d w f hJ *sy;dk awG b,favmufrsm;
&Svd rd rhf vJaemf? ukpd ed , f [ Hk m aiGa=u;tvGef rufarmol jzpfygw,f? axmifruscif tjyif
avmurSm ausmufta&mif; t0,fvyk w f ,f/ yGpJ m; tdwu f av;awGu oGecf svu dk wf hJ
ywWjrm;vk;H awG[m eD&aJ wmufyaew,f? ppfwyfrLS ;=uD;awG&hJ ypPn;f awGudk e,fpyftxd
a&mufatmif o,f,o l mG ;ay;rJh vli,fawGudk &Smjy;D pnf;&k;H =u&w,f? wcgwav t&Suw f
uGJ tusK;d eJ jzpf=uwmvnf; &Syd gw,f? ypPn;f awGa&m vlyg aysmufomG ;wJh tcgrsK;d ayg?h
'gayrJh &k;d om;jy;D =uK;d pm;wJah umifav;awG &SmEkid cf &hJ if ukpd ed , f Hk uHaumif;w,fav?
'grb S J ppfwyfrLS ;=uD;awGu ukpd ed , f u Hk dk ypPn;f aysmufre_ J h vnf;yif;ukd rvD;S jzwfrmS jzpfw,f?
olwdk &h hJ taoowfjcif;ukd rcH&bJ axmifuswmwckav;ukb d J aus;Zl;wif&rvkjd zpfw,f?
pOf;pm;ae&if;eJ h axmif0g'gawG&hJ t&dyt f a,mifjrifawmh wjcm;tusO;f om;awGeJ h a,mif
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axmifpu dk cf if;xJu oD;ESaH wGb,favmufxu G o f vJ/ c&rf;oD;a&m b,favmufxu G o f vJ
qkw d m rodrom tuJcwfaew,f? ukpd ed , f [ Hk m axmifusawGeJ h cifcifrifrif&dS wwfayrJh
Ekid if aH &; tusO;f om;rsm;ukad wmh odyo f abmrusb;l ? Ekid if aH &;orm;awG &Sw d hJ taqmif
3 bufudk av#mufcw hJ ,f? ukpd ed ,f Hk pdwx f rJ mS olwdk ah wG[m wpkw H ckudk =uw d jf y;D wkid yf ifae=u
w,fxifw,f? w,fvnf; ESv;Hk &nfxufoefwhJ vlawGb?J tJ't D xJrmS vltrsm;pku wrsK;d
rsK;d oef;um tcsi;f csi;f av;pm;=uw,f? acgi;f aqmifvdk oabmxm;=uw,f?
taqmif 3 buf oGm;aewm ukpd ed , f rHk mS t=uH&w dS ,f? olom axmifrLS ;awG
=uKduf Ekid w f hJ tpDtpOfwck vkyEf idk &f if ol&hJ axmif us ESpaf vsmrh ,f? uHaumif;&if jrefjref
vGwf Ekid w f ,fr [kwf vm;? tJ'D tpDpOf t aumif txnf azmfEidk f &if axmifyidk =f uD;&Jh
qk vm'fawG cHpm;&OD; rSmbJvdk h pdwx f u J awG; aysmaf erdw,f? taqmif 3 xJu Ekid if aH &;
orm;awGudk pnf;&k;H Ekid v f dk h tJ'v D al wG&hJ axmif0ifpmw0uf avmufudk olwdk v h cdk siwf hJ
pm&Guef J ah bmyif vJvdk &h wm r[kwyf gvm;?
Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11
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tvif;tdrf
awZ(okd )h aw;qkid u S f ta=umif; pdwx f aJ &mufomG ;w,f? tJ'aD umifav;
[maq;vdyf tpDcx H uJ owif;pm jzwfyidk ;f av;awG zwfzwfjyD; acs;tk;d (*efzvm;) xJ
xnfyh pfwm c%c%bJ? awZ[m axmif xJrmS pnf;urf;csK;d azmufw,fq&dk if trSm;yJ?
Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;awG axmifxrJ mS pmrzwf&bl;? ykjd y;D todOm%f ay:vmrSm pk;d &dr&f w,f?
wu,fq&dk if awmfawmftok;H ruswhJ awZ[m olviG yhf pfwhJ tdraf jrm‡ ift&k;d pkav;awG&,f
pmjzwfyikd ;f av; awG&,fudk vlawGrjrifatmif olygwhJ acs;eJ v h aHk tmifrzk;H Ekid b
f ;l ?
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=udwjf yD; yDwjd zpfaew,f? ol&hJ tpDtpOfxrJ mS xnfyh pfvu dk wf ,f? awZvnf; Ekid if aH &; t
usO;f orm;bJ oleJ v h yk af zmfuidk f zufawGeJ h vufwcJG pH m;ygapayg?h
tJæætcsed af wmif=umoGm;jyD? ykq;dk xJu 0Sux f m;wJh bde;f jzLr_ef x h yk af v;ukd
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wjcm; axmifus awGvnf; wef;pD; uku d sm;=uD;twGuf vkyaf y; aew,fqw dk m
od wef oavmufawmh od=uygw,f? tusO;f axmifxrJ mS aq;vdyf wvdyaf wmif wefz;dk &Sd
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taqmif 4 a&mufawmhr,f? axmifxrJ mS taqmif=uD; 5 ck&adS yrJh taqmif 4 [m
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tcef;qk&d if tusO;f om; 50 avmuf xnfh xm;w,f?
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(rSwcf su?f ? vlawGajym =uwm &efjzpfvdk &h wJh trm &Gwrf [kwb f ;l ?um;arSmuf&if; & wmwJ)h ?
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owfypfvu dk jf yD; tJ'D tcef; vl=uD; ae&mukd ,lxm;wJh oljzpf ygw,f? tdy, f mxJrmS
tdyaf ewke;f tkwcf eJ J h aoatmif tqufrjywf xkowfwm jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifv h nf;
ukdpdef,kH&Jh tcef;vl=uD; ukdat;armif emrnf=uD;wmbJ? taetxkdif oufomatmif
opfo;D / opf&u G af wGudk axmifrLS ; ukv d al csmukd ay;ovkd tcef; vl=u;D ukad t;armifuv dk nf;
Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine
93
tvif;tdrf
rsuEf mS vky&f ygw,f? olowform;rsm;[m axmifxrJ mS tav; pm;cH&w,f? 'ga=umifv h nf;
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pdwt f npfq;Hk bJ? wae v h ;Hk a&mufwwf&m&m oGm;Ekid f jyD; jyefcsed af &muf&if taqmifxu J dk
jyef0if&rSm a=umufw,f? wef;pD; uku d sm;=uD; emrnf&vmwm ol &h hJ ausmjyifwckv;Hk rSm
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ol[m odyjf y;D use;f rm oefprG ;f wJh vljzpfjy;D / towftykwf u|r;f usio f jl zpfyg w,f?
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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11
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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine
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qdo k nfh owif;onf [leefjynfe,fb&k ifcaH csmif[eG w f xd o H @kd a&mufvmonf?rdrad vm/

Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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armfpw D ek ;f avm?[leefwiG f TESpaf ,muf &dI S rjzpf? wa,mufom&d&S rnf[k 1923ckEpS u f
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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


97
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ppfa&;avhusifh=uonf?vlxkonf“ya'o&mZfpepf”udk +zdKzsuf onfh ajrmufydkif;

Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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tvif;tdrf
csw D ufr}_ uD;udk tkwaf tmfaomif;eif; tm;ay;=uonf?
od k @ &mwG i f ul r if w ef t wG i f ; Yrl wef j yef a wmf v S e f a &;vk y f & ef jyif q if + yD ;
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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


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tvif;tdrf
csefau&dSwfudk oabmusoGm; onf?“awmfvSefa&; wyfrawmf. ar#mfvifhcsufeD”[k
bd&k 'kd ifu cs;D usL;onf? awmfveS af &;udk opPmazmufv#if nDtudt k &if;udyk if owfrnf[k
cseaf u&dw S uf a=u;G a=umfonf?“urBmah wmfveS af &;atmif&rnf”“e,fcs@J orm;rsm;usq;kH &rnf”
[kk tvkyo f rm;rsm;uJo h @kd vdu_ vf u_d vf vJS JS a=uG;a=umfonf?
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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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Volume2,No.11 Luminary Magazine


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Luminary Magazine Volume2,No.11


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