6 kq£vaPohn-Ifpw tcmK-ßfpw

\mw apºv ]Tn- ® Xv

kq£v a - P o- h n- I ƒ kmw{I- a nI tcmK- ß ƒ°v Imc- W - a m- I p- ∂ p.

`£ym- h - i n- j v S - ß - f n¬ _mIv S o- c nb {]h¿Øn- ® p- ≠ m- I p∂ emIv ‰ nIv Aæw

]√n\p tISp- h - c p- Ø p- ∂ p.

Nne kq£v a - P o- h n- I ƒ, hnj- h - k v X p- ° ƒ, aZy- ] m\w XpS- ß n- b h Ic- f ns\

_m[n- ° p- ∂ - t cm- K - ß ƒ°v Imc- W - a m- I p- ∂ p.

izk\hyh- ÿ sb Nne tcmK- ß ƒ _m[n- ° p- ∂ p. Ah- b psS \nb-

{¥WØn\pw \nhm- c - W - Ø n\pw am¿Kßfp≠v .

k‘n- t cm- K - ß ƒ°v AWp- k w- { I- a Ww Hcp Imc- W - a m- W v .

99
Poh- i mkv { Xw

a\p-jy¿°v ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ tcmK- _mIvSo-cnb BIrXn tcmK-߃

߃ D≠m-Im-dp-≠t√m. ]I-cp-∂Xpw ]I- C\-߃
cm-Ø-Xp-amb tcmK-ß-fp-≠v. ]I-cp∂ tcmK-
\yptam-Wnb
ßsf kmw{I-an-I-tcm-K-߃ (Contagious
diseases) F∂p ]d-bpw. Np‰p-]m-Sp-If
- n¬\n∂v
tcmK-Im-cn-I-fmb kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ ico-c- tIm°kv I¨Ipcp
Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xp aqe-amWv kmw{I- (Coccus)
anItcmK-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv F∂ eqbn-]m-
kvN-dpsS I≠p-]n-SpØw tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn®v sXm≠-Im-d¬
IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°m\pw NnIn-’m-co-Xn-Iƒ
sa®- s ∏- S p- Ø m\pw tcmK- \ n- b - { ¥- W -
am¿K߃ ^e-{]-Z-am-°m\pw klm-b-I- £bw
ambn. B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-I-fpsS I≠p-]n-Sp-
Øhpw tcmK-Nn-In-’-bn¬ h≥]n® ]p-tcm-
_mkn-ekv sS‰-\kv
K-Xn°v Imc-W-am-bn-´p-≠v.
(Bacillus)
tcmK-Im-cn-Iƒ ico-c-Øn¬ {]th-in®v
tcmK- ß ƒ D≠m°p- ∂ - s X- ß s\sb∂pw ssSt^m-bnUv
icocw AXn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-sX-ß-
s\-sb∂pw Adn-b-t≠? Nne-Xcw tcmK-
ßsfbpw tcmK-Im-cn-Isfbpw Ipdn®pw Ah-
kvss]dn√w kn^n-enkv
bvs°-Xnscbp≈ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw
(Spirillum)
Adn-bp-∂Xv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-ambncn°p-a-t√m.
_mIvSocnb tImfd
_mIvSo-cn-bIƒ hnhn[ C\-ß-fnep-≠v.
]´nI 6.a \nco-£n-°pI. hyXy-kvX-bn\w ]´nI 6.a
_mIvSo-cn-b-I-fpsS BIr-Xnbpw Ah aqew Nnebn\w _mIvSo-cn-b-Ifpw
Ahbp≠m-°p∂ tcmK-ßfpw
D≠m-Ip∂ tcmK-ßfpw GsXm s°sb∂v
a\- n-em-°pI. _mIv S o- c n- b - ß sf \·- t \- { X- ß ƒ
sIm≠v ImWm≥ Ign-bn-s√-∂-dn-bm-a-t√m.
z Hmtcm C\hpw BIr-Xn-bn¬ F{]-Imcw Ah-bpsS a‰p khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-
hyXym-k-s∏´ncn-°p∂p? bm-sW∂p t\m°mw. tcma-k-Zr-i-ß-fmb
`mK-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v Nne _mIvSo-cn-b-
z Htc C\-Øn¬s∏´ _mIvSo-cn-b-ß-fn¬
߃°v {Zh-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn-°m≥
Xs∂ BIr-Xn-bn¬ sshhn[yw ImW-
Ign- b pw. a‰p Nne _mIv S o- c n- b - ß ƒ°v
s∏-Sp-∂nt√?
t«jva-{Zhw sIm≠p≈ Bh-c-W-ap-≠v. Cu
Bh-cWw Ahbv°v kwc-£Ww \¬Ip-∂p.

100
 kq£v a - P o- h n- I fpw tcmK- ß fpw

_mIvSo-cn-b-߃ Zznhn-`-P-\-Øn-eq-sS-
AXn-Po-h-\-ti-jn-bp≈
bmWv {]Xyp¬]m- Z \w \S- Ø p- ∂ - s X∂v
_mIvSo-cn-b-߃
\n߃°dn-bm-a-t√m.
Nne lmtem-ss^¬ _mIvSo-cn-b-ß-ƒ°v
A\p-Iqe kml-Nc
- y-ßf
- n¬ Hcp XhW km{µ-X-bp≈ D∏p-sh-≈-Ønepw Pohn-°m≥
hn`-Pn-°p-hm≥ GXm≠v Ccp-]Xv an\ns‰Sp- Ign-bpw. a‰p Nne _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ 1100C
°pw. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Hcp _mIvSo-cnb Xm]-\n-e-bnepw Pohn-°pw. kuc-hn-In-c-W-
Hcp ZnhkwsIm≠v F{X-bmbn s]cp-Ip- ßsf t\cn´v kzoI-cn®v ATP X∑m-{X-Isf
sa∂m-tem-Nn®p t\m°pI. \n¿an-°p∂ Chbv°v {]Im-i-kw-t«-j-W-
Øn\p≈ Ign-hn-√. sX¿tam Akn-tUm-
kml-N-cy-߃ {]Xn-Iq-e-am-bmtem?
ss^-ep-Iƒ F∂ C\w _mIvSo-cn-b-߃
Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Nn{X-߃ (6.1.a,
800C Xm]-\n-e-bnepw Pohn-°pw. pH 2 hsc-
6.1.b) \nco-£n-°pI.
bp≈ Aæ-X-sbbpw Ah AXn-Po-hn-°pw.
Nne NqSp-\o-cp-d-h-I-fn¬ Chsb ImWmw.
{]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-Øn¬

tImi- { Zhyw
Bh- c Ww
F≥tUm- k v t ]m¿

Nn{Xw 6.1.a
tImi-{Z-hy-Øn¬ \n∂v F≥tUm-kvt]m¿ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p

Np‰p-]mSv A\p-Iq-e-am-Ip-tºmƒ

Bh-cWw s]m´p-∂p F≥tUm- k v t ]m¿ F≥tUm- k v t ]m¿ ]pXnb _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p

hf¿∂v hn`-Pn°p∂p

Nn{Xw 6.1.b
F≥tUm-kvt]m-dns‚ hn`-P\w

_mIvSo-cnb {]Xn-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-߃ _mIv S o- c n- b - b psS hwi- h ¿[- \ - h ns\

XcWw sNøp-∂-sX-ß-s\-bmWv? kml-N- G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LSIw
cy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v Ah-bpsS {]Xyp-¬]m-Z- Dujvam-hm-Wv. hyXykvX Xm]-\n-e-bn¬
\-coXn Fßs\ hyXym-k-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p? Ah- b psS hwi- h ¿[- \ Fß- s \- b m- b n-
\nß-fpsS \nK-a\
- ß
- ƒ kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬ cn°pw? Nn{X-w 6.2 A]-{K-Yn-°p-I.
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

101
 Poh- i mkv { Xw

0 0
C F

Xnf-\ne 1000 2120

Cu Xm]-\n-e-bn¬ th≠{X kabw NqSm-°n-bm¬
_mIvSo-cn-bß
- ƒ \in-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ kabw NqSm-
°n-bm¬ IqSp-X¬ _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ \in-°pw.
F∂m¬ F≥tUm-kvt]m-dp-Iƒ \in-°p-∂n-√.

62.80 1450
_mIvSo-cn-b-߃ aµ-K-Xn-bn¬ am{Xw s]cp-Ip-∂p.
400 1040
37.70 1000 _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ s]cp-Ip-∂p.

_mIvSo-cn-b-߃ AXn-thKw s]cp-Ip∂p.

ico-c-Xm-]-\ne 370 98.60

36.10 970
_mIvSo-cn-b-߃ s]cp-Ip-∂p.
150 590
_mIvSo-cn-b-߃ aµ-K-Xn-bn¬ am{Xw s]cp-Ip-∂p.
7.20 450
Jcm¶w 00 320 Cu Xm]-\n-e-bn¬ _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ s]cp-Ip-∂Xv
\ne-bv°p-∂p. F∂m¬ \in-°p-∂n-√.

00

Nn{Xw 6.2
_mIvSo-cn-b-bpsS hn`-P-\-Øn¬ Xm]-\n-e-bpsS kzm-[o\w

z \ΩpsS ico-tcm-jvamhv _mIvSo-cn-b-ß- Xnf® sh≈- Ø ns‚ Xm]- \ nesb

fpsS hn`-P-\-Øn\v F{X-am{Xw klm- t∏mepw F≥tUmkvt]m-dp-Iƒ AXn-Po-hn-°p-
b-I-amWv? ∂p-sh∂p a\- n-em-bn-t√. Ahsb \in-∏n-
z NqSm- ° p- t ºmƒ _mIv S o- c n- b - ß ƒ°v °m≥ Db¿∂ a¿ZØnepw Xm]-\n-e-bnepw
F¥p kw`-hn-°p∂p? F≥tUm-kvt]m- ]Xn-\©v an\n‰ne-[nIw NqSm-°-Ww. Bip-
dp-Iƒt°m? ]-{Xn-I-fn¬ ikv{X-{Inbbv°p≈ D]-I-c-W-
߃ AWp-hn-ap-‡-am-°m≥ Hmt´m-t¢hv D]-
z ]Zm¿Y-߃ dn{^n-Pt- d-‰dn¬ \n∂p ]pd- tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv F¥n-\m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Duln-
sØ- S p- Ø m¬ Ah- b n- e p≈ _mIv S o- °m- a - t √m. {]j¿ Ip°¿ D]- t bm- K n®v
cnb߃s°¥p kw`-hn°pw? ]mNIw sNøp-tºmgpw CtX ^ew e`n-
\nK-a\
- ß
- ƒ kb≥kv Ubdnbn¬ tcJ- °p∂p.
s∏-Sp-ØpI.

102
 kq£v a - P o- h n- I fpw tcmK- ß fpw

Ht´sd {]Xn- I qe kml- N - c y- ß ƒ \ne Db¿Øp-∂p. ssSt^m-bn-Uns‚ BZy

XcWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv _mIvSo-cn-b- e£-W-ambn ico-tcm-jvamhv Db-cm-dnt√.
߃ t]mep≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ \ΩpsS CsX-¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°psa∂v a\ n-em-
ico-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂-Xv. Ah ico-c- bt√m. CsXmcp {]Xn-tcm[{]h¿Ø-\-am-
Øn-\p-≈n¬ IS∂p Ign-™mtem? Wv. a‰p ]e tcmK-ßsfbpw icocw Cßs\
{]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-dp-≠v.
_mIvSo-cn-b-ß-fpsS hwi-h¿[-\-hn\v
\ΩpsS ico-tcm-jvamhv hfsc A\p-tbm-Py- ssSt^m-bvUv t]mse a‰p Nne tcmK-
am-sW∂v I≠p-ht√m. Ah-bpsS Poh¬ ßfpw _mIv S o- c nbaqew D≠m- I m- d p- ≠ v .
{]h¿Ø- \ - ß - f psS ^e- a mbn [mcmfw £b-tcm-K-sØ-∏‰n \n߃ a\- n-em-°n-
hnk¿Py-h-kvXp-°ƒ ico-c-Øn¬ \nt£-]n- bn-´p-≠t√m? ssat°m_mIv S o- c nbw
°- s ∏- S p- ∂ p. Ch- b mWv tSmIv k n- \ p- I ƒ Syq_¿°ptem- k nkv ( Mycobacterium
(Toxin). tSmIv k n- \ p- I ƒ \ΩpsS icoc tuberculosis) BWv Cu tcmK-ap-≠m-°p-∂X - v.
{]h¿Ø-\-ßsf XI-cm-dn-em-°p-∂p. Nne- £b-tcmKw izmk-tIm-isØ am{X-amtWm
t∏mƒ tImi- ß ƒXs∂ \in- t ®°mw. _m[n-°p-∂Xv? Nn{Xw 6.3 \nco-£n-°pI.
tcmK-Im-cn-If - mb Chsb \n¿ho-cy-am-°m\pw at‰-sX√mw ico-c`- m-Kß
- s
- f-bmWv CXv _m[n-
Ch s]cp-Ip-∂Xp XS-bm\pw icocw Xm]- °p-∂X - v? Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm°pI.

tI{µ-\m-Uo-hy-hÿ
IÆv

enw^v t\mUv

s]cn-Im¿Unbw

A{Uo-\¬ {KŸn
hr° A∂-]Yw
Aÿn-bpw k‘nbpw

Aÿn-a÷ ssewKn-Im-hb
- h
- ß
- ƒ

Xz°v

Nn{Xw 6.3
izmk-tIm-ti-Xc £b-tcm-K-_m-[
103
Poh- i mkv { Xw

_mIvSo-cn-b-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ a‰p tcmK-

߃ GsXm-s°-bm-sW-∂-dn-bmtam? apI-
fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´nI 6.b \nco-£n-
°pI.

Ch IqSmsX _mIvSo-cnb aqe-ap-≠m-

Ip∂ a‰p ]e tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]Tn-®n-´p-
≠- t √m. Ah GsXm- s °- b m- s W∂p
Is≠Øn kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬ ]´n-I-s∏-
Sp-ØpI. _mIvSo-cn-b-߃ `£y-hn-j-_m-
[bv°pw Imc-W-am-Im-dp≠v.

104