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Graphical Method of Solving Linear Programming Problem

The document describes how to solve three linear programming problems graphically. The first problem involves a company that produces two types of hats and wants to maximize profits given production constraints. The optimal solution is found by plotting the constraint lines and finding the point that gives the maximum value of the objective function. The second problem involves minimizing costs given production constraints. Again, the constraint lines are plotted and the corner point that gives the minimum objective function value is the optimal solution. The third problem involves maximizing return on investment in bonds given budget and other constraints. Multiple constraint lines are plotted and the corner point that maximizes return is identified as the optimal solution.

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Guruvayur Maharana
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3K views

Graphical Method of Solving Linear Programming Problem

The document describes how to solve three linear programming problems graphically. The first problem involves a company that produces two types of hats and wants to maximize profits given production constraints. The optimal solution is found by plotting the constraint lines and finding the point that gives the maximum value of the objective function. The second problem involves minimizing costs given production constraints. Again, the constraint lines are plotted and the corner point that gives the minimum objective function value is the optimal solution. The third problem involves maximizing return on investment in bonds given budget and other constraints. Multiple constraint lines are plotted and the corner point that maximizes return is identified as the optimal solution.

Uploaded by

Guruvayur Maharana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRAPHICAL METHOD OF SOLVING

LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM

Presentedby:
Guruvayur Maharana
Rahul Singhania
Soumya Ranjan Das
Abhay Gupta
Problem
A company produces two types of hats. Every
hat A require twice as much labour time as the
second hat B. If the company procures only
hat B then it can produce a total of 500 hats a
day. The market limits daily sales of the hat A
and B of 150 and 250 hats. The profits on hat
A and B are Rs. 8 and Rs. 5 respectively. Solve
graphically to get the optimal solution.
Solution
Here let x1 and x2 be the no. of units of type A and
type B hats respectively.
The objective function is:
Max Z = 8x1 + 5x2 ……………1

Subject to:
2x1 + x2 <=500 ……………………2
x1 <=150 ……………………3
x2 <=250 ……………………4
x1,x2 >=0
First rewrite the inequalities of the constraints
into an equation and plot the lines in the
graph.
2x1 + x2 = 500 passes through (0,500)(250,0)
x1 = 150 passes through (150,0)
x2 = 250 passes through (0,250)

Thus, OABCD is the feasible region.


The point B can be found out by solving eq.2 &
eq.3, so we get point B=(150,200)

The point C can be found out by solving eq.2 &


eq.4, so we get point C=(125,250)
Now as we have all the corner points we
substitute it in the objective function

Corner Points Value of Z = 8x1 + 5x2


O(0,0) 0
A(150,0) 1200
B(150,200) 2200
C(125,250) 2250 (Max Z)
D(0,250) 1250
Therefore the maximum value of Z is attained at
C(125,250).
Thus the optimal solution is x1=125 and x2=250.

Thus, the company has to produce 125 hats of


type A and 250 hats of type B
Problem

Solve Graphically:
Minimize Z= 6x1 + 14x2

Subject to 5x1 + 4x2>= 60


3x1 + 7x2<= 84
x1 + 2x2>= 18
x1,x2>= 0
Solution

Minimize Z= 6x1 + 14x2…………..1

Subject to 5x1 + 4x2>= 60…………2


3x1 + 7x2<= 84…………3
x1 + 2x2>= 18…………4
x1,x2>= 0
First rewrite the inequalities of the constraints
into an equation and plot the lines in the
graph.

5x1 + 4x2 = 60 passes through(0,15)&(12,0)


3x1 + 7x2 = 84 passes through(28,0)&(0,12)
x1 + 2x2 = 18passes through(18,0)&(0,9)

Thus, ABCD is the feasible region.


The point C can be found out by solving eq.2 &
eq.3, so we get point C=(84/23,240/23)

The point D can be found out by solving eq.2 &


eq.4, so we get point D=(18,5)
Now as we have all the corner points we
substitute it in the objective function.

Corner Points Value of Z = 6x1 + 14x2


A(18,0) 108 (Min Z)
B(28,0) 168
C(84/23,240/23) 168
D(8,5) 118
Therefore the minimum value of Z is attained at
A(18,0).
Thus the optimal solution is x1=18 and x2=0.
Problem
A retired person wants to invest upto an amount
of Rs. 30,000 in fixed income securities. His
broker recommends investing in two bonds:
Bond A yielding 7% and Bond B yielding 10%.
After some consideration he decides to invest at
most Rs. 12,000 in Bond B and atleast Rs. 6,000
in Bond A. He also wants the amount invested
in Bond A to be atleast equal to the amount
invested in Bond B. What should the broker
recommend if the investor wants to maximize
his return on investment? Solve graphically.
Solution
Let x1 & x2 be the amt. invested in Bond A & Bond B
respectively.

Thus, we have
Max Z = 0.07x1 + 0.10x2………………………1

Subject to x1 + x2<= 30,000………………..2


x1 >= 6,000……………….3
x2<= 12,000……………….4
x1 – x2>=0………………………….5
x1, x2>=0
First rewrite the inequalities of the constraints into an equation
and plot the lines in the graph.

x1 + x2 = 30,000 passes through(30000,0)(0,30000)


x1 = 6,000 passes through(6000,0)
x2 = 12,000 passes through(0,12000)
x1 – x2 = 0

Thus, the feasible region is ABCDE


The point B can be found out by solving eq.5 &
eq.3, so we get point B=(6000,6000)

The point C can be found out by solving eq.5 &


eq.4, so we get point C=(12000,12000)

The point D can be found out by solving eq.2 &


eq.4, so we get point D=(18000,12000)
Now as we have all the corner points we
substitute it in the objective function.

Corner Points Value of Z = 0.07x1 + 0.1x2


A(6000,0) 420
B(6000,6000) 1020
C(12000,12000) 2040
D(18000,12000) 2460 (Max Z)
E(30000,0) 2100
Therefore the minimum value of Z is attained at
D(18000,12000)
Thus the optimal solution is x1=18,000 and
x2=12,000.
Unbounded Problem

Solve Graphically:
Maximize Z= 3x1 + 5x2………………….1

Subject to 2x1 + x2>= 7…………………..2


x1 + x2>= 61…………………..3
x1 + 3x2>= 9…………………4
x1,x2>= 0
First rewrite the inequalities of the constraints
into an equation and plot the lines in the
graph.

2x1 + x2 = 7 passes through(0,7)&(3.5,0)


x1 + x2 = 6 passes through(0,6)&(6,0)
x1 + 3x2 = 9 passes through(9,0)&(0,3)

Thus, ABCD is the corner points.


8

7 A(0,7)

5 B(1,5)

2 C(4.5,1.5)
1
D(9,0)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x1 + 3x2>=9

2x1 + x2>=7 x1 + x2>=6


The point B can be found out by solving eq.3 &
eq.4, so we get point B=(1,5)

The point C can be found out by solving eq.5 &


eq.4, so we get point C=(4.5,1.5)
Now as we have all the corner points we
substitute it in the objective function.

Corner Points Value of Z = 3x1 + 5x2


A(0,7) 35 (Max Z)
B(1,5) 28
C(4.5,1.5) 21
D(9,0) 27
The value of the objective function at the corner
points A,B,C & D are 35, 28, 21 & 27. But there
exists an infinite number of points in the
feasible region where the values of the
objective function is more than the values at
these four points.

Thus, it follows that the maximum values of the


objective function occurs at the point at infinity
and hence the problem has an unbound
solution.

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