Cell04 Chemistry
Cell04 Chemistry
Cell04 Chemistry
1
H 6
C N
7
O
8
sp3
1s 2s 2p
Electrons on
the outer shell H C N O
The tetrahedral structure
sp3 of carbon orbital has rigid
steric strain which makes
Components of the early the basic building unit of
atmosphere H2 CH4 NH3 H2O protein conformation
-
-
lp
+ +
lp
sp 3
+ H
- +
H
+
Adapted from Zubay (1988) Biochemistry (2e) p.57
O
H H Dielectric Constant
O Water 80.4
H3C H Methanol 33.6
O
Ethanol 24.3
H5C2 H
Ammonia 17.3
Acetic acid 6.15 H
+ + -
-
Solvation
H
O +
Adapted from Alberts et al (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4e) p.115
+
-
C - + - H N
+H
O + - -
-
+
+
+?-
- + - -
-
- + -- + -
+
+
+ +
- - + -- +
+ - +
+
- +
+
-+ + - -+ + - -
kcal/mole
Adapted from Alberts et al (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4e) p.57
Hydrogen Bond (H-Bond)
+
N H O
Weaker H-bond
O
Adapted from Alberts et al (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell (4e) p.58
Affinity between Two Molecules
Like
Dissolves
Like
Molecules having similar polarity will attract each other
Polar → Polar
Nonpolar → Nonpolar
0.1 1 10 100