Distance Measuring Equipment
Distance Measuring Equipment
Distance Measuring Equipment
MEASURING
EQUIPMENT
TIE-IN AND REVISION
• COMPARISON OF PRIMARY RADAR
AND SECONDARY RADAR.
– POWER REQUIREMENT.
– RANGE FROM A PARTICULAR
REPORTING POINT.
REVISION
ADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY RADAR
OVER PRIMARY RADAR
• POWER REQUIRED IS LESSER AS THE
SIGNALS ARE ONLY DOING A ONE WAY
JOURNEY.
• BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES,
ANY TRANSMITTER WILL NOT PICK UP ITS
•OWN GROUND REFLECTION.
•
ADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY
RADAR OVER PRIMARY RADAR
DELAY
50 μs RANGE CCT O/P
TX RX
FREQUENCY AND CHANNEL
ALLOCATION
• NEED FOR FREQUENCY AND
CHANNEL SPACING.
– TRANSPONDER RESPONSE WILL BE
SWAMPED BY GROUND REFLECTION
OF THE ORIGINAL TX.
– SELF TRIGGERING.
( AVOIDED BY USING DIFFERENT
FREQUENCY.)
FREQUENCY AND
CHANNEL ALLOCATION
• OPERATES IN THE UHF BAND
• FREQUENCY RANGE : 962- 1213 MHZ
• 2 TYPES OF BEACONS
– ‘X’ TYPE
– ‘Y’ TYPE
• EACH IS DIVIDED INTO 2 BANDS
– HIGH- CHANNEL NO. 1-63
– LOW- CHANNEL NO.64-126
FREQUENCY AND CHANNEL
ALLOCATION
‘X’ BEACONS
• LOW:
– AC TX 1025 – 1087 MHZ.
– GROUND REPLIES ON 962 – 1024 MHZ (-63
MHZ DIFFERENCE).
– CHANNELS ALLOCATED 1X TO 63X.
• HIGH:
– AC TX 1088 – 1150 MHZ.
– GROUND REPLIES ON 1151 – 1213 MHZ ( + 63
MHZ DIFFERENCE).
– CHANNELS ALLOCATED 64X TO 126 X
FREQUENCY AND CHANNEL
ALLOCATION
‘Y’ BEACONS
• LOW:
– AC TX 1025 – 1087 MHZ.
– GROUND REPLIES ON 1088– 1150 MHZ (+63
MHZ DIFFERENCE).
– CHANNELS ALLOCATED 1Y TO 63Y.
• HIGH:
– AC TX 1088 – 1150 MHZ.
– GROUND REPLIES ON 1024 – 1150 MHZ ( - 63
MHZ DIFFERENCE).
– CHANNELS ALLOCATED 64Y TO 126 Y.
FREQUENCY AND CHANNEL
ALLOCATION
• ANS: 5 NM
PHASE II
MODES OF OPERATION
• SEARCH MODE
• ACQUISITION MODE
• TRACK MODE
• MEMORY MODE
MODES OF OPERATION
• SEARCH MODE:15000 PULSES FIRED
AT 150 PPS,THEN 60 PPS TILL LOCK
IS ACHIEVED.
• TRACK MODE: LOW PRF OF 25-30
PPS IS MAINTAINED AND A
CONTINOUS RANGE IS INDICATED.
MODES OF OPERATION
• ACQUISITION MODE: FINITE
PERIOD OF TRANSITION FROM
SEARCH TO TRACK MODE. THE
EQUIPMENT IS NEITHER
SEARCHING NOR TRACKING
DURING THIS PERIOD.
MODES OF OPERATION
-- MEMORY MODE: IF THE REPLY DETECTED
IS BELOW A PRESET VALUE; OR IN CASE OF
TEMPORARY LOSS OF CONTACT,EITHER DUE
TO POWER LOSS OR DUE TO MANOEUVRES ,
-- MEMORY CIRCUIT FOR 4-12 S
– STATIC MEMORY: READ OUT MAINTAINED
STEADY.
– VELOCITY MEMORY: MAINTAINS LAST KNOWN
RATE.
FEATURES OF DME
• AUTO STANDBY:
– REQUIREMENT IS AT THE AC, WHEN OUT
OF RANGE ,NO SIGNALS WILLL BE
RECEIVED.
– CONCEPT:
• SIGNAL ACTIVATED SEARCH.
• INHIBITS INTERROGATION UNTIL AC IS
WITHIN RANGE OF THE BEACON AND
SIGNALS ARE RECEIVED.
AUTO STANDBY MODE
DME TRIGGERED