Zomi Mimal Min Malgawm Zia
Zomi Mimal Min Malgawm Zia
Zomi Mimal Min Malgawm Zia
<Khat>
I min-te-ah, a phazah phuahna, om thei hi.
Khat (1) /ˋxʌt/: Tg. Gin Khat Suan, Tg. Zam Khat Kham, Tg. En Khat Thang, Lia Cing Khat
Sawm (10) /ˋsɔːm/: Tg. Zam Sawm Pau, Tg. G. Thawng Sawm Pau
Za (100) /ˋzɑː/: Tg. Pum Za Mang, Tg. Khup Za Mung
Tul (1,000) /ˋtuːl/: Tg. Thang Tul Mung, Lia Cing Tul Lian
Tg. G. Khat Suan, Tg. J. Khat Suan, Tg. Zam Khat Kham, Tg. Khat Khaw
Thang
Hih a tung-a minte, amau na theih ngei kei leh. a aw bangci suah hiam, na thei kei ding hi.
Zolai tawh a kigelh thu khat pen, a nung a ma (context) en leeng, kisim thei lel hi, i ci thei uh hi.
Ahi zongin, “Pi Lia Don Khen Niang” tungtaang-a a kisuaksak laite, a nung a ma, a tung a nuai,
vei pan tak, tak pan vei, i et hangin, “Don Khen Niang” awsuah a maan i thei tuan kei hi.
“Tg. G. Khat Suan” ci-a k’ong gelh pen, a min neipa in “Gin Khat Suan” ci-in gelh ngei-a a
tawpna lam-ah “Ginkhatsuan” ci-in gelh hi. “Tg. Gin Khat Suan” sung-a “Khat” /ˋxʌt/ pen a aw
tom, a nuaikiat ahi hi. A min buppi /¯tɑːŋ ˋɡɪn ˋxʌt ˋsuɑːn/ ahi hi.
Ka neu lai-in. “J. Khat Suan, B.Sc. (Forestry)” in dictionary bawl hi. A laibu min ahi bang
Sunday, May 8, 2011 Page 1 of 7
Taang Zomi Zokam Mimal Min Malgawm Zia
liinlian ka thei nawn kei hi. “English-Tiddim Dictionary” ci maw, “English-Chin Dictionary” ci
maw, hiam khat hi. Amah mu ngei lo ka hih man-in, “J. Khat Suan” /¯ʤeː ˋxʌt ˋsʊɑːn/ ci-in, ka
gingkhiasak hi. “Khat” pen a tung-a “Tg. Gin Khat Suan” sung-a “Khat” tawh a kibangsak, ka hi
hi.
Ahi zongin, ka nung theih ciangin, “Tg. J. Khat Suan” sung-a “Khat” pen a tung-a bang-in
“Khat” na hi lo-in, a aw sau, a aw pheipai na hi hi. /¯tɑːŋ ¯ʤeː ¯xɑːt ˊsʊɑːn/ na hi zaw hi.
“J. Khat Suan” sung-a “Khat” pen, / ¯xɑːt/ ahih manin, “Khaat” ci leeng, a kitel khial lo dng, ahi
hi.
“Tg. Zam Khat Kham” zong, “Tg. Gin Khat Suan” bangmah-in, “Khat” /ˋxʌt/ ahi hi. /¯tɑːŋ
ˋzɑːm ˋxʌt ¯xʌm/ ahi hi.
“Tg. Khat Khaw Thang” leeuleeu pen, a tung-a “Tg. J. Khaat Suan” tawh kibangin, a aw sau,
pheipai hi. /¯tɑːŋ ¯xɑːt ˊxɒ̥ ¯tʰʌŋ/ ahi hi. <Khaat Khaw Thang> ci leeng, kitel khial lo hi
“Tg. En Khat Thang” le “Lia Cing Khat” pen /¯tɑːŋ ˋeːn ˋxʌt ¯tʰʌŋ/ le /¯liɑ ¯͜tsɪŋ ˊxʌt/ hi
leeuleeu uh hi.
Tua ahih manin, “Khat” aw tom, nuaikiat pen <Khat> mah ci-in, “Khat” awsau, pheipai pen
<Khaat> ci leeng, kitel khial lo ding hi. A hoih zaw dang, i theih a om leh, khat le khat kitheisak
ni.
APPENDIX 1
(Nungthuap)
Zokam Vowel Phonemes
<a> // <e> // <i> // <o/aw> // <u> // To-
tal
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15
)
A Monophthongs [10]
B Diphthongs [24]
04.2 C.S <aih> /ʌɪʔ/ <eih> /ɛɪʔ/ <iih> /ɪɪʔ/ <oih> /ɒɪʔ/ <uih> /ʊɪʔ/
B3 <ia> // <ua> //
07 Long [2] 2
07.1 D.L. <iaa> /iɑː/ <uaa> /uɑː/
07.2 N.L. <iaa> /iɑ/ <uaa> /uɑ/
08 Short [2] 2
08.1 D.S. <ia> /ɪʌ/ <ua> /ʊʌ/
08.2 C.S. <iah> /ɪʌʔ/ <uah> /ʊʌʔ/
08.3 R.S. <ia/e> /ɪʌ̥, ɛ̥/ <ua / aw /ʊʌ̥. ɒ̥/
/ o>
C Triphthongs [8]
C1 <iai> <uai>
09 Long 2
09.1 D.L. <iiaai> /iɑːi/ <uuaai /uɑːi/
09.2 N.L. <iiaai> /iɑi/ <uuaai> /uɑi/
10 Short 2
C2 <iau> <uau>
11 Long 2
11.1 D.L <iiaau> /iɑːu/ <uuaau> /uɑːu/
.
11.2 N.L <iiaau> /iɑu/ <uuaau> /uɑu/
.
12 Short 2
12.1 D.S. <iau> /ɪʌʊ/ <uau /ʊɑʊ/
12.2 C.S. <iauh> /ɪʌʊʔ/ <uauh> /ʊɑʊʔ/
Total 42
Legend:
APPENDIX 2
Table 2. An inventory of Zokam Consonant Phonemes (22 in all, including /tʃ or tɕʰ/ and /f/). If we
exclude /tʃ or tɕʰ/ and /f/, we have 20 consonant phonemes.
APPENDIX 3
Selected Phonetic (Phonemic) Symbols1ː
Vowel Phonemes Consonant Phonemes
/ɑ/ːScript A (Open back unrounded vowel). Used /ʔ/ː Glottal stop (Glottal plosive). Used in such
for long a, as in “Pa aw,...” Its short counterpart is words as Dahpa a heh mahmah hi.
/ʌ/.
/ɕ/: Curly tail C (Voiceless alveolo-palatal
/ʌ/ː Turned V (Open-mid back unrounded vowel). fricative).
Used for short a, as in “Ka Pa aw,...” Its long
counterpart is /ɑ/. /tɕ/ː T-Curly-tail C ligature (Voiceless alveolo-
palatal affricate).
/ɛ/ː Epsilon (Open -mid front unrounded vowel).
Used for short e, as in “Suangpi suangneu in /ts/: T-S ligature (Voiceless dental or alveolar
thek.” Its long counterpart is /e/. affricate).
/ɪ/ː Small capital I (Near-close near-front /ts/ or /tɕ/: Used as in “Thucin thutang.”
unrounded vowel). Used for short i, as in “I nu i
pate...” Its long counterpart is /i/. /ŋ/ː Eng (Voiced velar nasal). Used for the
consonant digraph <ng>, as in “Ngasa duh ing.”
/ɔ/ː Open O (Open mid-back rounded vowel).
Used for long aw, as in “Zeisu i lawm.” Its short /x/ː Lower-case X (Voiceless velar fricative).
counterpart is /ɒ/, Used for the consonant digraph <kh>, as in Khapi.
/ɒ/ː Turned script A (Open back rounded vowel). /j/ː Lower-case J (Voiced palatal appoximant).
Used for short aw, as in “Dr. Kam Khaw Thang Used for the “y” sound in “you”, “youth”,
khawpi sung-ah pai hi.” Its long counterpart is /ɔ/. “Yangon”, etc.
/ʊ/ː Upsilon (Near-close, near-back rounded /y/ː Lower-case Y (Close front rounded vowel).
vowel). Used for short u, as in “Na khut tawh na Not used in Tedim Zokam, and rarely used in
sep khempeuh...” Its long counterpart is /u/. English.
Tonal Phonemes
1 The International Phonetic Association. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the
International Phonetic Alphabet. New Tork: Cambridge University Press, 1999; 11th Printing, 2010