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    Unit 2 - The Essential Equations

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    Frihah Akhtar
    The document outlines essential chemical equations for extracting and working with various metals and nonmetals. It includes equations for displacement reactions between halogens, acid-base reactions of halogens with sulfuric acid, and precipitation reactions of halides with silver ions. Further equations cover the extraction of iron, aluminum, titanium, and tungsten, involving processes like reduction, carbon reactions, and chloride conversions.

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    Unit 2 - The Essential Equations

    Uploaded by

    Frihah Akhtar
    307 views2 pages
    The document outlines essential chemical equations for extracting and working with various metals and nonmetals. It includes equations for displacement reactions between halogens, acid-base reactions of halogens with sulfuric acid, and precipitation reactions of halides with silver ions. Further equations cover the extraction of iron, aluminum, titanium, and tungsten, involving processes like reduction, carbon reactions, and chloride conversions.

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    The document outlines essential chemical equations for extracting and working with various metals and nonmetals. It includes equations for displacement reactions between halogens, acid-base reactions of halogens with sulfuric acid, and precipitation reactions of halides with silver ions. Further equations cover the extraction of iron, aluminum, titanium, and tungsten, involving processes like reduction, carbon reactions, and chloride conversions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    307 views2 pages

    Unit 2 - The Essential Equations

    Uploaded by

    Frihah Akhtar
    The document outlines essential chemical equations for extracting and working with various metals and nonmetals. It includes equations for displacement reactions between halogens, acid-base reactions of halogens with sulfuric acid, and precipitation reactions of halides with silver ions. Further equations cover the extraction of iron, aluminum, titanium, and tungsten, involving processes like reduction, carbon reactions, and chloride conversions.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    UNIT 2 – THE ESSENTIAL EQUATIONS

    Group 7, The Halogens

    1. Cl2(aq) + 2Br-(aq)  Br2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) displacement

    2. Cl2(aq) + 2I-(aq)  I2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) displacement

    3. Br2(aq) + 2I-(aq)  I2(aq) + 2Br-(aq) displacement

    4. H2SO4 + Cl-  HSO4- + HCl acid-base

    5. H2SO4 + 2H+ + 2e  SO2 + 2H2O reduction (by Br- or I-)

    6. H2SO4 + 6H+ + 6e  S + 4H2O reduction (by I-)

    7. H2SO4 + 8H+ + 8e  H2S + 4H2O reduction (by I-)

    8. 2I-(aq)  I2(aq) + 2e oxidation by conc. H2SO4

    9. 2Br-(aq)  Br2(aq) + 2e oxidation by conc. H2SO4

    10. Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)  AgCl(s) precipitation

    11. Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq)  AgBr(s) precipitation

    12. Ag+(aq) + I-(aq)  AgI(s) precipitation

    13. Cl2(g) + H2O(l) == HCl(aq) + HClO(aq) sterilising water

    14. Cl2(g) + 2OH-(aq)  Cl-(aq) + ClO-(aq) + H2O(l) making bleach

    Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals

    15. Mg(s) + H2O(g)  MgO + H2(g) magnesium and steam

    16. Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(s) + H2(g) calcium and water

    17. Sr(s) + 2H2O(l)  Sr(OH)2(s) + H2(g) strontium and water

    18. Ba(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ba(OH)2(s) + H2(g) barium and water

    19. Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)  Mg(OH)2(s) solubility of hydroxides

    20. Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)  Ca(OH)2(s) solubility of hydroxides


    21. Ca2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)  CaSO4(s) solubility of sulphates

    22. Sr2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)  SrSO4(s) solubulity of sulphates

    23. Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)  BaSO4(s) solubulity of sulphates

    Extraction of Metals

    Extraction of iron

    24. C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) heat the furnace

    25. C(s) + CO2(g)  2CO(g) produce the main reducing agent

    26. Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) reduce the iron (III) oxide

    27. Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s)  2Fe(s) + 3CO(g) reduce the iron (III) oxide

    28. CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) removing silicon dioxide

    29. CaO(s) + SiO2(s)  CaSiO3(s) removing silicon dioxide

    30. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g)  2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) converting sulphides to oxides

    Extraction of aluminium

    31. Al3+ + 3e  Al at cathode

    32. 2O2-  O2 + 4e at anode

    33. C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) other reaction at anode

    Extraction of titanium

    34. TiO2(s) + 2Cl2(g) + 2C(s)  TiCl4(g) + 2CO(g) converting oxide to chloride

    35. TiO2(s) + 3C(s)  TiC(s) + 2CO(g) why you can’t use carbon

    36. TiCl4(g) + 4Na(l)  Ti(s) + 4NaCl(s) reducing chloride

    37. TiCl4(g) + 2Mg(l)  Ti(s) + 2MgCl2(s) reducing chloride

    Extraction of tungsten

    38. WO3(s) + 3H2(g)  W(s) + 3H2O(g) extracting tungsten

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