Five Types of Reservoir Fluids
Five Types of Reservoir Fluids
Five Types of Reservoir Fluids
Upon completion of this module the student should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. List the five types of reservoir fluids. Explain the difference between reservoir oils and reservoir gases. Explain the defining difference between black oils and volatile oils. Explain how to distinguish between black oils and volatile oils using initial production data, laboratory data, or production history. Explain how to distinguish between volatile oils and retrograde gas condensates using initial production data, laboratory data, or production history.
Objectives
Upon completion of this module the student should be able to: 6. Locate the initial position of black oil, volatile oil and retrograde in a phase diagram. Show the shapes of liquid drop out curve vs pressure at pressures below the saturation pressure. Discuss wet gases, their occurrence in nature, the usefulness of the concept of wet gas in engineering calculations, and the identification of a wet gas using field data. Discuss the unique feature of dry gases.
7.
8.
Stock Tank
Stock Tank
Retrograde
Stock Tank
Stock Tank
Stock Tank
Black Oil
Liquid %
Volatile Oil
Pressure
11 CH LAT James Jose
Pressure
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
15%
10%
5%
Temperature
12 CH LAT James Jose
Volatile Oil
Liquid %
Retrograde Condensate
Dew Point
Pressure
13 CH LAT James Jose
<1,750
>15,000*
100,000*
<45
>40
up to 70
No liquid
Dark
Colored
Lightly colored
Water white
No liquid
Bubble point
Bubble point
Dew Point
> 20
20 12.5
<12.5
<2.0
>2.0
Volatile Oil
GOR
Retrograde Gas
GOR
Wet Gas
GOR
Dry Gas
No liquid
Time
Time
Time
Time
Time
API
API
API
API
API
No liquid
Time
Time
Time
Time
Time
Exercise 1
One of the wells in the Merit field, completed in December 1967 in the North Rodessa formation, originally produced 54API stock-tank liquid at a gas/oil ratio of about 23,000 scf/STB. During July 1969, the well produced 1987 STB of 58API liquid and 78,946 Mscf of gas. By May 1972, the well was producing liquid at a rate of about 30 STB/d of 59API liquid and gas at about 2,000 Mscf/d. What type of reservoir fluid is this well producing?
Exercise 1 Solution
Initial GLR over 3,200 scf/STB and producing gasliquid ratio and stock tank oil gravity increasing with production, thus fluid is retrograde gas condensate Initial GLR over 15,000 scf/STB, thus fluid can be treated as wet gas GLR apparently started increasing immediately, indicating that pi = pd and the possibility of an oil zone
Exercise 2
A field in north Louisiana discovered in 1953 and developed by 1956 had an initial producing gas/oil ratio of 2,000 scf/STB. The stock-tank liquid was medium orange and had a gravity of 51.2API. Classify this reservoir fluid. During the producing history of this field the stocktank liquid gravity steadily increased to 63API, and the producing gas/oil ratio increased to a maximum of 29,000 scf/STB. Does this information confirm your classification? Why or why not?
Exercise 2 Solution
Initial producing GLR greater than 1,750250 scf/STB and less than 3,200 scf/STB, thus volatile oil Both producing GLR and stock-tank oil gravity increasing indicates volatile oil